




CHEMISTRY”
CHEMISTRY”


►





►
My name is Truong Minh Chien (Trương Minh Chiến), CEO of NKMB co., ltd. Sometime, the people
My name is Truong Minh Chien (Trương Minh Chiến), CEO of NKMB co., ltd. Sometime, the people
knew me as CEO of Ninh Kieu Tera Net co., ltd.
knew me as CEO of Ninh Kieu Tera Net co., ltd.
►
I also be a scientist and an economist. My favourist field is telecom science. Therefore, the chemistry is
I also be a scientist and an economist. My favourist field is telecom science. Therefore, the chemistry is
not one of my hoppies, a relative major only.
not one of my hoppies, a relative major only.
►
My blogsite :
My blogsite :


►

My email :
My email :
►
My facebook : losedtales
My facebook : losedtales
►
My company website : />My company website : />
!"#!
!"#!
►
I found out this book “Chemistry, Julia Burdge, Second Edition. McGraw Hill.” through internet and
I found out this book “Chemistry, Julia Burdge, Second Edition. McGraw Hill.” through internet and
Rapidshare network.
Rapidshare network.
►
I think that the Chemistry book will be very helpful and useful for who is the teachers, instructors or
I think that the Chemistry book will be very helpful and useful for who is the teachers, instructors or
students in high school level in Vietnam, either in other degrees as a perfect hardcover reference book.
students in high school level in Vietnam, either in other degrees as a perfect hardcover reference book.
►
So that I attempt to gather more lecture notes and other possible information resources to represent this
So that I attempt to gather more lecture notes and other possible information resources to represent this
chemistry book of Dr. Julia Burdge to other Vietnamese.
chemistry book of Dr. Julia Burdge to other Vietnamese.

!"#!
!"#!
►
To completed entire this chemistry resources (included ebook, hardcover book, lecture notes and software simulation…), I
To completed entire this chemistry resources (included ebook, hardcover book, lecture notes and software simulation…), I

accessed some authority information resources as worse as pass through some private information or hidden resources.
accessed some authority information resources as worse as pass through some private information or hidden resources.
Hence, if you use this lecture notes or other information as redistriputed or reproduced, could you change some word or
Hence, if you use this lecture notes or other information as redistriputed or reproduced, could you change some word or
themes or font size, please!. Because the copyright term and illegal internet security policy.
themes or font size, please!. Because the copyright term and illegal internet security policy.
►
This e-learning resources were reproduced from two hardcover book which are
This e-learning resources were reproduced from two hardcover book which are
Chemistry
Chemistry
, Mrs. Julia Burdge, 2
, Mrs. Julia Burdge, 2
nd
nd
Edition.
Edition.
McGraw Hill and
McGraw Hill and
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
, Mr. Nivaldo Tro, 1st Ed., Prentice Hall
, Mr. Nivaldo Tro, 1st Ed., Prentice Hall

$%!&!'(!%!%
$%!&!'(!%!%
►
The hardcover book in English is available at website :
The hardcover book in English is available at website :



. The entired book was
. The entired book was
divided and separated into 40 parts for uploading and management purposes.
divided and separated into 40 parts for uploading and management purposes.
►
The lecture notes and other resources are available at website :
The lecture notes and other resources are available at website :


(user : losedtales)
(user : losedtales)
or
or


or
or



$%!&!'(!%!%
$%!&!'(!%!%
►
The text book website :
The text book website :
/> />( )
( )
►
E-learning resource :

E-learning resource :
/> />►
Other useful resources :
Other useful resources :
/> /> /> />
$%!&!'(!%!%)
$%!&!'(!%!%)
►
The software simulation are available on :
The software simulation are available on :
/> /> /> /> /> /> /> /> /> /> /> />►
Or you can review the copyright application at :
Or you can review the copyright application at :
/> />
*+,+-#+,!%
*+,+-#+,!%
►
When using our calculators we must determine the correct answer; our calculators are mindless drones
When using our calculators we must determine the correct answer; our calculators are mindless drones
and don’t know the correct answer.
and don’t know the correct answer.
►
There are 2 different types of numbers
There are 2 different types of numbers
!
"#
!

►
Exact numbers are infinitely important

Exact numbers are infinitely important
►
Measured number = they are measured with a measuring device (name all 4) so these numbers have
Measured number = they are measured with a measuring device (name all 4) so these numbers have
ERROR.
ERROR.
►
When you use your calculator your answer can only be as accurate as your worst measurement…Doohoo
When you use your calculator your answer can only be as accurate as your worst measurement…Doohoo




Chapter Two
$
%
.#/'!%
.#/'!%
An exact number is obtained when you count objects or use a defined relationship.
An exact number is obtained when you count objects or use a defined relationship.
&'(#

))
"#&*+,*
-.
.//
0-.///////////12
3"4567
/



!#+,&!(
!#+,&!(
A. Exact numbers are obtained by
A. Exact numbers are obtained by


1. using a measuring tool
1. using a measuring tool


2. counting
2. counting
3. definition
3. definition
B. Measured numbers are obtained by
B. Measured numbers are obtained by


1. using a measuring tool
1. using a measuring tool


2. counting
2. counting
3. definition
3. definition




*0
*0
A. Exact numbers are obtained by
A. Exact numbers are obtained by


2. counting
2. counting
3. definition
3. definition
B. Measured numbers are obtained by
B. Measured numbers are obtained by


1. using a measuring tool
1. using a measuring tool

!#+,&!(
!#+,&!(
Classify each of the following as an exact or a
Classify each of the following as an exact or a
measured number.
measured number.
.-
-#/
8

-
9/:


Classify each of the following as an exact (1) or a
Classify each of the following as an exact (1) or a
measured(2) number.
measured(2) number.
This is a defined relationship.
This is a defined relationship.
A measuring tool is used to determine length.
A measuring tool is used to determine length.
The number of hats is obtained by counting.
The number of hats is obtained by counting.
A measuring tool is required.
A measuring tool is required.


*0
*0
123!#%!/!#*+,+-#
123!#%!/!#*+,+-#
+,!%
+,!%
►
Every experimental measurement has a degree
Every experimental measurement has a degree
of uncertainty.
of uncertainty.
►
The volume, V, at right is certain in the 10’s
The volume, V, at right is certain in the 10’s
place, 10mL<V<20mL
place, 10mL<V<20mL

►
The 1’s digit is also certain, 17mL<V<18mL
The 1’s digit is also certain, 17mL<V<18mL
►
A best guess is needed for the tenths place.
A best guess is needed for the tenths place.
Chapter Two


4&#+%&!!,&5
►
We can see the markings between 1.6-1.7cm
We can see the markings between 1.6-1.7cm
►
We can’t see the markings between the .6 7
We can’t see the markings between the .6 7
►
We must guess between .6 & .7
We must guess between .6 & .7
►
We record 1.67 cm as our measurement
We record 1.67 cm as our measurement
►
The last digit an 7 was our guess stop there
The last digit an 7 was our guess stop there
!#+,&!(
!#+,&!(
;-(&<1
=
=

= 

$//>?$=
5
3!#%!/'!%
3!#%!/'!%
►
Do you see why Measured Numbers have error…you have to make that Guess!
Do you see why Measured Numbers have error…you have to make that Guess!
►
All but one of the significant figures are known with certainty. The last significant figure is only the best
All but one of the significant figures are known with certainty. The last significant figure is only the best
possible estimate.
possible estimate.
►
To indicate the precision of a measurement, the value recorded should use all the digits known with
To indicate the precision of a measurement, the value recorded should use all the digits known with
certainty.
certainty.
$
Chapter Two
%
Below are two measurements of the mass of the
same object. The same quantity is being described
at two different levels of precision or certainty.
!&!20!%
!&!20!%
When reading a measured value, all nonzero digits should be counted as significant. There is a set of rules for
When reading a measured value, all nonzero digits should be counted as significant. There is a set of rules for
determining if a zero in a measurement is significant or not.

determining if a zero in a measurement is significant or not.
►
RULE 1.
RULE 1.
Zeros in the middle of a number are like any other digit; they are always significant. Thus,
Zeros in the middle of a number are like any other digit; they are always significant. Thus,
94.072 g has five significant figures.
94.072 g has five significant figures.
►
RULE 2.
RULE 2.
Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant; they act only to locate the decimal
Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant; they act only to locate the decimal
point. Thus, 0.0834 cm has three significant figures, and 0.029 07 mL has four.
point. Thus, 0.0834 cm has three significant figures, and 0.029 07 mL has four.
/
Chapter Two
►
RULE 3.
RULE 3.
Zeros at the end of a number and
Zeros at the end of a number and
after
after
the decimal point are significant. It is assumed
the decimal point are significant. It is assumed
that these zeros would not be shown unless they were significant. 138.200 m has six significant
that these zeros would not be shown unless they were significant. 138.200 m has six significant
figures. If the value were known to only four significant figures, we would write 138.2 m.
figures. If the value were known to only four significant figures, we would write 138.2 m.

►
RULE 4.
RULE 4.
Zeros at the end of a number and
Zeros at the end of a number and
before
before
an implied decimal point may or may not be
an implied decimal point may or may not be
significant. We cannot tell whether they are part of the measurement or whether they act only to
significant. We cannot tell whether they are part of the measurement or whether they act only to
locate the unwritten but implied decimal point.
locate the unwritten but implied decimal point.
Chapter Two



Practice Rule #1 Zeros
Practice Rule #1 Zeros
$ 
///%
///%//

$///

$///
%$×/


////

6
)
7
7

2
6
@
5
@
6/AA
@
/A
@
/A-
@
/AA(?
@
5
@
/A((
-
17*+!-#
17*+!-#
►
Scientific notation
Scientific notation
is a convenient way to write a very small or a very large number.
is a convenient way to write a very small or a very large number.
►

Numbers are written as a product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised
Numbers are written as a product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised
to power.
to power.
►
215 is written in scientific notation as:
215 is written in scientific notation as:
215 = 2.15 x 100 = 2.15 x (10 x 10) = 2.15 x 10
215 = 2.15 x 100 = 2.15 x (10 x 10) = 2.15 x 10
2
2
Chapter Two

Chapter Two

Two examples of converting standard notation to
scientific notation are shown below.
Chapter Two

Two examples of converting scientific notation back to
Two examples of converting scientific notation back to
standard notation are shown below.
standard notation are shown below.