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Questions 10–16 are based on the following passage.
The following is an excerpt from an essay enti-
tled Political Ideals, written in 1917 by Bertrand
Russell.
It is not one ideal for all men, but a separate
ideal for each separate man, that has to be real-
ized if possible. Every man has it in his being
to develop into something good or bad: there is
a best possible for him, and a worst possible.
His circumstances will determine whether his
capacities for good are developed or crushed,
and whether his bad impulses are strengthened
or gradually diverted into better channels.
But although we cannot set up in any detail
an ideal of character which is to be univer-
sally applicable—although we cannot say, for
instance, that all men ought to be industrious,
or self-sacrificing, or fond of music—there are
some broad principles which can be used to
guide our estimates as to what is possible or
desirable.
We may distinguish two sorts of goods,
and two corresponding sorts of impulses.
There are goods in regard to which individual
possession is possible, and there are goods in
which all can share alike. The food and cloth-
ing of one man is not the food and clothing of
another; if the supply is insufficient, what one
man has is obtained at the expense of some

other man. This applies to material goods gen-
erally, and therefore to the greater part of the
present economic life of the world. On the
other hand, mental and spiritual goods do not
belong to one man to the exclusion of an-
other. If one man knows a science, that does
not prevent others from knowing it; on the
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9. Which of the following best summarizes the
main point of the paragraph?
(A) People will eat only what they are geneti-
cally determined to eat.
(B) All animal behavior is instinctive.
(C) Cows and other animals should not be
fed by humans.
(D) Habits in animals are impossible to
break.
(E) Inherited tendencies manifest them-
selves in behavioral habits.
contrary, it helps them to acquire the knowl-
edge. If one man is a great artist or poet, that
does not prevent others from painting pic-
tures or writing poems, but helps to create the
atmosphere in which such things are possible.
If one man is full of good-will toward others,
that does not mean that there is less goodwill
to be shared among the rest; the more good-
will one man has, the more he is likely to
create among others.
In such matters there is no possession,

because there is not a definite amount to be
shared; any increase anywhere tends to
produce an increase everywhere.
There are two kinds of impulses, corre-
sponding to the two kinds of goods. There are
possessive impulses, which aim at acquiring or
retaining private goods that cannot be shared;
these center in the impulse of property. And
there are creative or constructive impulses,
which aim at bringing into the world or mak-
ing available for use the kind of goods in which
there is no privacy and no possession.
The best life is the one in which the cre-
ative impulses play the largest part and the
possessive impulses the smallest. This is no
new discovery. The Gospel says: “Take no
thought, saying, What shall we eat? or What
shall we drink? Or Wherewithal shall we be
clothed?” The thought we give to these things
is taken away from matters of more impor-
tance. And what is worse, the habit of mind
engendered by thinking of these things is a
bad one; it leads to competition, envy, domi-
nation, cruelty, and almost all the moral evils
that infest the world. In particular, it leads to
the predatory use of force. Material posses-
sions can be taken by force and enjoyed by the
robber. Spiritual possessions cannot be taken
in this way. You may kill an artist or a
thinker, but you cannot acquire his art or his

thought. You may put a man to death because
he loves his fellow-men, but you will not by so
doing acquire the love which made his happi-
ness. Force is impotent in such matters; it is
only as regards material goods that it is effec-
tive. For this reason the men who believe in
force are the men whose thoughts and desires
are preoccupied with material goods.
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10. Which of the following best summarizes the
main point of the passage?

(A) People should strive harder to appreciate
the arts.
(B) Nothing can be possessed exclusively by
one person.
(C) Societies need strong laws against
stealing.
(D) Creativity is of higher value than
possessiveness.
(E) Scarce resources should be shared
equally in a society.
11. The passage mentions “food and clothing”
(lines 22–23) primarily as examples of things
that
(A) everyone needs to survive
(B) create a positive atmosphere of sharing
(C) many underdeveloped countries lack
(D) cannot be shared as freely as other things
(E) are hard to find
12. As it is used in line 43, “such matters” can be
inferred to refer to situations in which
(A) people must compete for ownership of
goods
(B) artists struggle to sell their works
(C) people strive to be industrious
(D) philosophers endeavor to define human
ideals
(E) possessing a good does not deny it to
someone else
13. In line 51, the phrase “impulse of” most nearly
means

(A) reaction against
(B) restriction of
(C) sharing of
(D) fear of
(E) desire for
14. According to the author, “force is impotent in
such matters” (line 77) because
(A) violence cannot influence another per-
son’s thoughts
(B) moral people do not engage in violence
(C) spiritual things cannot be acquired
coercively
(D) a good person will always be protected
by friends
(E) reason is more powerful than physical
force
15. In the last paragraph, the author indicates that
his thesis is not
(A) ancient
(B) a matter of logic
(C) relevant to those who are already happy
(D) original
(E) universal
16. Which of the following examples, if it existed,
would most directly refute the main point of
the author?
(A) a person who finds a large sum of money
and gives it to charity
(B) an invention that benefits all of hu-
mankind even though it was created only

to make money for its inventor
(C) a tyrant who murders intellectuals in
order to maintain his authority
(D) a thief who steals in order to feed his
starving family
(E) an army that invades another country
and plunders its wealth
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Questions 17–24 are based on the following passage.
The following passage was written for The
Atlantic Monthly in 1902 by Native American
writer Zitkala-Sa, also known as Gertrude
Simmons Bonnin.
The racial lines, which once were bitterly
real, now serve nothing more than marking
out a living mosaic of human beings. And even
here men of the same color are like the ivory
keys of one instrument where each represents
all the rest, yet varies from them in pitch and
quality of voice. Thus with a compassion for
all echoes in human guise, I greet the solemn-
faced “native preacher” whom I find awaiting
me. I listen with respect for God’s creature,
though he mouth most strangely the jangling
phrases of a bigoted creed.
As our tribe is one large family, where
every person is related to all the others, he ad-
dressed me:

“Cousin, I came from the morning church
service to talk with you.”
“Yes,” I said interrogatively, as he paused
for some word from me.
Shifting uneasily about in the straight-
backed chair he sat upon, he began: “Every
holy day (Sunday) I look about our little God’s
house, and not seeing you there, I am disap-
pointed. This is why I come today. Cousin, as
I watch you from afar, I see no unbecoming
behavior and hear only good reports of you,
which all the more burns me with the wish
that you were a church member. Cousin, I
was taught long years ago by kind missionar-
ies to read the holy book. These godly men
taught me also the folly of our old beliefs.
“There is one God who gives reward or pun-
ishment to the race of dead men. In the upper
region the Christian dead are gathered in un-
ceasing song and prayer. In the deep pit below,
the sinful ones dance in torturing flames.
“Think upon these things, my cousin, and
choose now to avoid the after-doom of hell
fire!” Then followed a long silence in which he
clasped tighter and unclasped again his inter-
locked fingers.
Like instantaneous lightning flashes came
pictures of my own mother’s making, for she,
too, is now a follower of the new superstition.
“Knocking out the chinking of our log

cabin, some evil hand thrust in a burning
taper of braided dry grass, but failed of his in-
tent, for the fire died out and the half burned
brand fell inward to the floor. Directly above
it, on a shelf, lay the holy book. This is what
we found after our return from a several days’
visit. Surely some great power is hid in the sa-
cred book!”
Brushing away from my eyes many like pic-
tures, I offered midday meal to the converted
Indian sitting wordless and with downcast
face. No sooner had he risen from the table
with “Cousin, I have relished it,” than the
church bell rang.
Thither he hurried forth with his afternoon
sermon. I watched him as he hastened along,
his eyes bent fast upon the dusty road till he
disappeared at the end of a quarter of a mile.
The little incident recalled to mind the copy
of a missionary paper brought to my notice a
few days ago, in which a “Christian” pugilist
1
commented upon a recent article of mine,
grossly perverting the spirit of my pen. Still I
would not forget that the pale-faced mission-
ary and the aborigine are both God’s creatures,
though small indeed their own conceptions of
Infinite Love. A wee child toddling in a wonder
world, I prefer to their dogma my excursions
into the natural gardens where the voice of the

Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds,
the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet
breathing of flowers. If this is Paganism, then
at present, at least, I am a Pagan.
17. The main purpose of the passage as a whole is to
(A) describe one person’s perspective on an
attempt at religious conversion
(B) compare Native American religious tradi-
tion to European religious tradition
(C) analyze the rise of Christianity in Native
American tribes
(D) refute a misconception about the
nature of Paganism
(E) describe a conflict between the author
and her mother
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
1
One who fights for a cause; also, a prize fighter
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18. The reference to “pitch and quality of voice”
(lines 6–7) serves to emphasize
(A) the variety in vocal quality of religious
singers
(B) the harshness with which many
preachers rebuke their congregations
(C) the sounds that the author hears in nature
(D) the author’s inability to understand what
the native preacher is saying
(E) the differences among members of the
same race
19. In the first paragraph, the author character-
izes the preacher primarily as
(A) respectful
(B) articulate
(C) uneducated
(D) intolerant
(E) compassionate
20. According to the passage, the preacher
addressed the author as “cousin” because
(A) it is customary for preachers to refer to
church members with that term
(B) the tribe members are all related
(C) the preacher’s mother and the author’s
mother are sisters

(D) the preacher had forgotten the author’s
name
(E) the author refused to answer to her given
name
21. According to the passage, the native preacher and
the author’s mother are alike in that they both
(A) have experienced attempted arson
(B) must travel a great deal
(C) have similar religious beliefs
(D) relish the midday meal
(E) enjoy excursions into the natural gardens
22. In line 68, the word “spirit” most nearly means
(A) apparition
(B) lively nature
(C) intent
(D) fear
(E) presence
23. In the final paragraph, the author characterizes
herself primarily as
(A) mature
(B) creative
(C) vengeful
(D) repressed
(E) awed
24. The author mentions “conceptions of Infinite
Love” (lines 71–72) in order to emphasize
which of the following characteristics of the
“pale-faced missionary” (lines 69–70)?
(A) small-mindedness
(B) reluctance to persist in the attempt to

convert the author to Christianity
(C) generosity toward aborigines
(D) sympathy for animals
(E) high intelligence
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may
check your work on this section only. Do not
turn to any other section of the test.
664 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT
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1. Claims about harmful effects of the genetic al-
teration of vegetables is more speculation than
documented fact.
(A) is more speculation than documented fact
(B) are more with speculation than of a doc-
umented fact
(C) is more of a speculation than a docu-
mented fact
(D) are more speculation than documented fact
(E) are a matter of more speculation than
documented fact
2. Having passed
the test for certification, Macken-
zie was looking forward to finding a challenging
teaching position in her home town.
(A) Having passed
(B) Passing
(C) Being that she passed
(D) If she had passed

(E) For her passing
3. Having once been a provincial schoolmaster,
Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always oriented
more towards clear instruction than pontification.
(A) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always
oriented more towards clear instruction
than pontification
(B) Jean-Paul Sartre always wrote more to
instruct than to pontificate
(C) the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre were
always oriented more toward instruction
than pontification
(D) Jean-Paul Sartre was oriented in his
writing more toward instruction than
pontification
(E) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was more to
instruct than to pontificate
SECTION 6
Time—25 minutes
35 questions
Turn to Section 6 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and
fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and
effectiveness of expression. Part of each sen-
tence or the entire sentence is underlined;
beneath each sentence are five ways of phras-
ing the underlined material. Choice A repeats
the original phrasing; the other four choices
are different. If you think the original phrasing

produces a better sentence than any of the
alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one
of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the require-
ments of standard written English; that is, pay
attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence
construction, and punctuation. Your selection
should result in the most effective sentence—
clear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity.
EXAMPLE:
The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes
.
(A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes
(B) could hardly believe their eyes
(C) would not hardly believe their eyes
(D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes
(E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes
A
C D
E
B
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4. Adam Smith was a professor of philosophy, a
commissioner of customs, and founded the
field of modern economics.
(A) a commissioner of customs, and founded
the field of modern economics

(B) worked as commissioner of customs, and
founded the field of modern economics
(C) a commissioner of customs, and the
founder of the field of modern economics
(D) commissioned customs, and was the
founder of the field of modern economics
(E) a commissioner of customs, and was the
founder of the field of modern economics
5. John Locke was one of the first philosophers
to attack the principle of primogeniture, the
practice of handing the monarchy down to the
king’s first-born son.
(A) primogeniture, the practice of handing
the monarchy down
(B) primogeniture; the practice of handing
the monarchy down
(C) primogeniture being the practice of
handing the monarchy down
(D) primogeniture that which handed down
the monarchy
(E) primogeniture this was the practice of
handing the monarchy down
6. The nation’s fledgling economy struggled be
-
cause the investment from other countries
into its major industries was lacking from
most of them.
(A) because the investment from other coun-
tries into its major industries was lacking
from most of them

(B) because few other countries were willing
to invest in its major industries
(C) due to the fact that few other countries
would have invested in its major
industries
(D) because of the lack of investment from few
other countries in its major industries
(E) for the lack of investment in its major in-
dustries from other countries
7. The corporation began construction on the
new building in January, but there is still no
completion.
(A) there is still no completion
(B) they have yet to complete it
(C) it has yet to complete the project
(D) they have not still completed it yet
(E) it isn’t hardly done yet
8. Having spread more quickly than antibiotics
could be distributed, doctors were prevented
from effectively treating the virulent disease.
(A) doctors were prevented from effectively
treating the virulent disease
(B) doctors could not effectively treat the viru-
lent disease because it thwarted them
(C) the doctors who were trying to treat it
effectively were prevented by the virulent
disease
(D) the virulent disease prevented itself from
its being treated effectively by the
doctors

(E) the virulent disease prevented the
doctors from treating it effectively
9. Although psychologist B. F. Skinner, who is
best known as the man who popularized be-
haviorism, he also wrote a utopian novel enti-
tled Walden Two.
(A) Skinner, who is best known as the man
who popularized behaviorism, he
(B) Skinner, who is best known as the man
who popularized behaviorism,
(C) Skinner is best known as the man who
popularized behaviorism, he
(D) Skinner popularized behaviorism, for
which he is well known, nevertheless he
(E) Skinner, who is best known as the man
who popularized behaviorism, is the
one who
666 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT
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12. Ellen turned around quick and noticed
A
that
the dog that had been following her was
BC
now gone
. No error
DE
13. Marlena was honored not only for her
initiative
in establishing the fund for war

A
refugees but also in devoting
so much
B
of her own time
and money
C
to its success
. No error
DE
14. The Medieval era in music is considered
A
by most
scholars to begin during the reign
BC
of Pope Gregory and to have ended
around the middle of
the 15th century.
D
No error
E
15. Neither the artists who were
at the vanguard
A
of the Expressionist movement or even
the
B
critics of the era
could have foreseen
C

the impact
of this new mode on the general
D
public. No error
E
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10. Singing for over 2 hours, Anita’s hoarseness
prevented her hitting the high notes.
(A) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita’s hoarse-
ness prevented her hitting the high notes.
(B) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita was un-
able to hit the high notes because of her
hoarseness.
(C) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s
hoarseness prevented her from hitting
the high notes.
(D) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita was
no longer able to hit the high notes be-
cause of her hoarseness.
(E) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s
ability to hit the high notes was pre-
vented by her hoarseness.
11. Some philosophers maintain that language is
essential to formulating certain thoughts;
others, that even the most complex thoughts
are independent of words.
(A) thoughts; others, that
(B) thoughts, however, that others maintain
that
(C) thoughts others suggest that

(D) thoughts and that others believe
(E) thoughts but others, however, that
The following sentences test your ability to
recognize grammar and usage errors. Each
sentence contains either a single error or no
error at all. No sentence contains more than
one error. The error, if there is one, is under-
lined and lettered. If the sentence contains an
error, select the one underlined part that must
be changed to make the sentence correct. If the
sentence is correct, select choice E. In choos-
ing answers, follow the requirements of stan-
dard written English.
EXAMPLE:
By the time they reached
the halfway point
A
in the race
, most of the runners hadn’t hardly
BCD
begun to hit their stride. No error
E
A
C D
E
B
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16. Several members of the safety commission

A
suggested
that lowering the speed limit
B
on the road
would not necessarily result in
C
less
accidents. No error
DE
17. By the time the operation was completed
,
A
five surgeons spent
over 20 hours performing
BC
more than a dozen procedures
. No error
DE
18. Not until the recent scandal has
the
A
newspapers published anything
even
B
vaguely negative
about the company or
C
its executives
. No error

DE
19. After falling asleep
on a horse-drawn bus in
A
Belgium in 1865, Friedrick Kekule had a
dream, it led
to his discovery of the structure
BC
of the benzene molecule
. No error
DE
20. The movement to establish
women’s issues
A
as important subjects of study
have had
BC
a profound impact on the curricula
offered in colleges
today. No error
DE
21. Legends and folk stories inevitably become
transformed and exaggerated
as they are
A
passed down
through the generations, often
B
in order to conform
to changing political

C
and social standards
. No error
DE
22. Although the remarks were made
to the
A
entire group, everyone
at the meeting could
B
tell that they were
particularly intended
C
for Maria and I
. No error
DE
23. By all accounts, the restructuring of the
federal department was successive
,
A
eliminating
unnecessary layers
B
of bureaucracy
and dozens of
C
wasteful procedures
. No error
DE
24. The professor suggested

that
A
those who wished
to attend the lecture next
B
week be in the classroom
10 minutes
C
earlier than usual
. No error
DE
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25. While in office a President can usually
A
pass more legislation, and with fewer
B
procedural obstacles, when the Congress
and the administration are underneath
the
C
control of
the same political party.
D
No error
E
26. A quick inspection
of Kurt’s art collection
A

would show clearly
that he has a discerning
B C
eye for exemplary works
of art. No error
DE
27. Surprisingly
absent from the debate were
AB
the vice president’s arrogance that
he
C
typically displays in such
forums. No error
DE
28. Of the numerous strains of Streptococcus
bacteria that are known
to cause
A
infections, type B is the more
dangerous
B
for pregnant women
about to give
C D
birth. No error
E
29. Since 2001, the company has spent
A
more time on

employee training than
B
they did
in the previous 10 years combined.
C D
No error
E
Questions 30–35 refer to the following passage.
(1) Most great scientists and artists are familiar
with the so-called “eureka phenomenon.” (2) This
is the experience that a thinker has when, after they
thought about a problem long and hard, they
suddenly come upon a solution in a flash when they
are no longer thinking about it. (3) The name of the
phenomenon comes from the legend of Archimedes.
(4) He had been thinking for days about a hard
problem that had come from the king, King Hieron
II. (5) The problem was how to determine whether
the king’s crown was pure gold without destroying
it. (6) As he was bathing, the solution to the
problem came to Archimedes in a flash and he ran
naked through the streets of Syracuse shouting
“Eureka!” meaning “I have found it!”
(7) Students should understand this also. (8) You
have probably had the experience of thinking about
a paper or a math problem for so long that it’s like
one’s brain gets frozen. (9) When this happens, it is
best to get away from the problem for a while rather
than obsess about it. (10) Isaac Asimov, one of the
most prolific writers of all time, used to go to the

movies every time he got writer’s block. (11) He
claimed that he always came out of the movie
knowing exactly how to get his story back on track.
(12) Unfortunately, many students today don’t
have time for that. (13) They feel so much pressure
to get everything done—their homework, their jobs,
their sports, their extracurricular activities—that
they think that taking “time out” to relax their
brains is just a costly waste of time. (14) This is
really too bad because very often relaxation is more
valuable to a student than just more hard work.
30. Which of the following is the best revision of
the underlined portion of sentence 2 (repro-
duced below)?
This is the experience that a thinker has when,
after they thought about a problem long and
hard, they suddenly come upon a solution in a
flash when they are no longer thinking about it.
(A) that a thinker has when, after they thought
long and hard about a problem,
their solution suddenly arises like a flash
(B) that thinkers have when a solution sud-
denly had arisen like a flash after they
were thinking long and hard about a
problem
(C) that a thinker has when, after having
thought long and hard about a problem,
they suddenly come upon a solution
(D) that thinkers have when, after having
thought long and hard about a problem,

they suddenly come upon a solution
(E) that thinkers have when, thinking long
and hard about a problem, they suddenly
come upon a solution in a flash
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Directions: The following passage is an early
draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage
need to be rewritten.
Read the passage and select the best answers
for the questions that follow. Some questions
are about particular sentences or parts of sen-
tences and ask you to improve sentence struc-
ture or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development. In
choosing answers, follow the requirements of
standard written English.