UNIT 15
VOCABULARY
A. READING
1. conquest ['kɔηkwest] (n) sự chinh phục
2. set foot (v) đặt chân
3. lift off (n/v) (sự) phóng vụt lên
4. aboard [ə'bɔ:d](adv, adj) (lên) trên tàu, trên máy bay
5. orbit ['ɔ:bit] (n/v) quỹ đạo/ bay theo quỹ đạo
6. cosmonaut ['kɔzmənɔ:t] = astronaut = spaceman (n) nhà du hành vũ trụ
7. weightlessness ['weitlisnis] (n) tình trạng không trọng lực
8. enormous [i'nɔ:məs] = big = huge (adj) to lớn
9. uncertainty [ʌn'sə:tnti] (n) sự không chắc chắn
10. precisely [pri'saisli] = exactly (adv) chính xác
11. react [ri:'ỉkt] (v) phản ứng lại
12. deal with (v) đối phó
13. psychological [,saikə'lɔdʒikl] (adj) (thuộc) tâm lý
14. tension ['ten∫n] (n) sự căng thẳng
15. technical ['teknikl] (adj) kó thuật
16. failure ['feiljə] (n) trường hợp ngừng hoạt động
17. satisfaction [,sỉtis'fỉk∫n] (n) sự hài lòng, sự thoả mãn
18. venture ['vent∫ə] (n) sự mạo hiển, sự liều lónh
19. feat [+:t] (n) kỳ công
20. tragic ['trỉdʒik] (adj) bi thảm
21. occur [ə'kɜ:(r)] = happen (v) xảy ra
22. honour ['ɔnə] (v) tôn vinh, ca ngợi
23. gravity ['grỉviti] (n) trọng lực
B. SPEAKING
24. launch [lɔ:nt∫] (v) phóng (tên lửa, phi thuyền…)
25. spacecraft ['speis'krɑ:ft] (n) phi thuyền
26. mark [mɑ:k] (v) đánh dấu, ghi dấu
27. milestone ['mailstoun] (n)sự kiện quan trọng, mốc lòch sử

28. independently [,indi'pendəntli] (adv) độc lập
29. carry out (v) thực hiện
30. artificial [,ɑ:ti'+∫əl] = man-made (adj) nhân tạo
31. satellite ['sỉtəlait] (n) vệ tinh
C. LISTENING
32. crew [kru:] (n) phi hành đoàn, thuỷ thủ đoàn
33. challenge (sb to sth) ['t∫ỉlindʒ] (n / v) (sự) thách thức
34. mission ['mi∫n] (n) sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ
35. reminder [ri'maində] (n) sự (cái) làm gợi nhớ
36. space suit ['speis sju:t] (n) bộ quần áo vũ trụ
GRAMMAR
1. Can & be able to , could & was/ were able to (…. có thể ….):
- Để diễn tả ai đó có khả năng, năng lực làm điều gì đó trong hiện tại , ta
dùng can hoặc be able to.
- Để diễn tả một khả năng ai đó có thể làm được trong quá khứ, ta dùng
could hoặc was/ were able to.
ex: - When I was young, I could/ was able to climb any trees in the forest.
2. Was/ were able to (…. có thể ….):
- Để diễn tả một khả năng xảy ra trong tình huống đặc biệt ở quá khứ, ta
dùng was/ were able to.
ex: - The boat capsized quite near the bank so the children were able to swim
safety.
(Thuyền lật úp khá gần bờ sông vì thế trẻ em đã có thể bơi an toàn.)
 Note:
- Ở thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn hoặc với các động từ giác quan (see, hear, smell,
taste, feel, remember, understand), chúng ta có thể dùng could hoặc was/ were
able to.
ex: - He read the message but he couldn’t/ wasn’t able to understand it.
- I could/ was able to see him through the window.
- Ở thì tương lai hoặc hoàn thành, chúng ta dùng be able to (không dùng can).

ex: - One day, people will be able to go on a package tour of the solar system.
(Một ngày kia, người ta có thể thực hiện 1 chuyến đi trọn gói tới hệ mặt trời.)
- Since his accident, he hasn’t been able to leave the house.
3. Question tag (Câu hỏi đuôi):
ex: - The boys don’t have class tomorrow , do they?
main clause question tag
- You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
 Note:
- Chủ ngữ của main clause là This, That / These, Those, chúng ta thay
bằng it / they trong câu hỏi đuôi.
- Chủ ngữ của main clause là Everyone, Someone, Anyone, Anybody, No
one, Nobody, None, Neither, chúng ta dùng they trong câu hỏi đuôi.
ex: - That was lucky, wasn’t it?
- No one would object, would they?
- Nếu main clause có các từ phủ đònh như neither, no, none, no one,
nobody, nothing, scarely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom thì câu hỏi
đuôi ở thể khẳng đònh.
ex: - Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he?
- Sau I am… , câu hỏi đuội là aren’t I? ex: I’m late, aren’t I?
- Sau Let’s …., câu hỏi đuội là shall we? ex: Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh ở thể phủ đònh hay xác đònh, câu hỏi đuôi đều là will
you?
ex: Don’t be late, will you?
UNIT 15: PRE - TEST15
I. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that
of the others.
1. a. foot b. moon c. look d. would
2. a. gravity b. aspiration c. biography d. possible
3. a. technical b. conquest c. psychology d. launched

4. a. national b. venture c. fortunate d. suggestion
5. a. support b. shuttle c. success d. venture
Choose the word which has a different stressed pattern from that of the other
three.
6. a. scientist b. president c. engineer d. astronaut
7. a. conquest b. venture c. technical d. artificial
8. a. biography b. psychological c. approximate d. congratulate
9. a. aspiration b. gravity c. challenge d. fortunate
10. a. success b. cosmonaut c. extreme d. appoint
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence
or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ______ 20 July 1969.
a. in b. at c. on d. of
12. She is never satisfied ______ what she's got.
a. to b. with c. for d. in .
13. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin lifted ______ into space aboard the Vostok 1.
a. off b. up c. on d. Ø
14. After landing, the team members were greeted like ______ heroes.
a. conquer b. conquering c. conqueror d. conquest
15. No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space.
a. exactly b. clearly c. carefully d. vividly
16. Neil Armstrong, an American ______, was the first man to step on the moon's surface.
a. scientist b. cosmonaut c. astronaut d. astronomer
17. The 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut became the first person to eat and drink in ______.
a. weight b. weighting c. weightless d. weightlessness
18. About 100 Russian satellites are the earth.
a. flying b. orbitting c. traveling d. circuiting
19. Many people are demonstrating to express their ______ with the new land law.
a. satisfied b. satisfactory c. satisfaction d. dissatisfaction

20. The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.
a. spaceships b. space stations c. spacemen d. space shots
B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
21. No one is better cook than his mother, ______?
a. is she b. isn't she c. are they d. aren’t they
22. Do it right now, ______?
a. will you b. shall you c. do you d. don't you
23. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?
a. are they b. are there c. aren't they d. aren't there
24. He seldom goes to the library, ______?
a. doesn’t he b. is he c. does he d. isn’t he
25. Let's go for a long walk, ______?
a. will we b. shall we c. don't you d. do you
26. I'd lost my key, so I ______ the door when I got home.
a. could lock b. wasn't able to lock c. couldn't unlock d. was able to unlock
27. When Mr. Lee was younger, he ______ work in the garden for hours.
a. has got to b. should be able to c. can d. could
28. Yesterday I ______ to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.
a. could go b. could have gone c. went d. ought to have gone
29. Do you think there ____ less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?
a. would be/ spoke b. were/ would speak
c. were/ spoke d. would have been/ had spoken
30. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, ____ eleven times the size of the earth.
a. being b. has c. is d. having
C. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D -that needs correcting.
26. After the stock market crash of 1929, less people were able to find employment

A B C D
27. The average temperature on Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is
A B C

about eighty degrees than colder on Earth.
D
28. Halley's comet was named of the astronomer Edmund Halley, who
A
was the first to realize that some comets appear in regular cycles.
B C D
29. A number of people still wants to apply for the position of accountant in
A B C D
that company.
30. If I were a little taller I could be astronaut, but I don't meet the height requirement.
A B C D
III. READING
A. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box.
manned seriously affected space radiation groundless
weightlessness harmless journey flown appeared effects
Before man had (31) ______ in space it was thought that his physical and mental
capabilities might be (32) ______ by long periods of (33) ______, and that he might be
endangered by high levels of (34) ______. Yuri Gagariri's first (35) ______flight in April 1961
showed that man could live in space and, although this (36) ______ only lasted for 108
minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of (37) ______ space flight.
In fact most of the early fears about man's health in space have proved (38) ______, and
although several odd medical (39) ______ have been observed, none has (40) ______
affected man's ability for useful work.
B. Read the passage carefully, then decide whether the following statements
are true (1) or false IF).
Throughout history there have been many great explorers. Have you, for
example, heard of Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler? He was the first European
to travel to China. He arrived in China in the late 13
th
century. About 200 years later,

Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain by ship. He was looking for a new way to
reach India. However, as you probably know, he didn't reach India. He landed in
America. Five hundred years after Columbus in the' 1930s a famous explorer named
Richard Byrd was one of the first persons to fly over both the North and the South
Poles. Today we continue to explore this world and are studying to explore other
worlds, too. In the 1930s Russian and American scientists sent many unmanned
spacecraft to the moon. These spacecraft sent back very valuable information about
the moon. Then on July 16th 1969 the first manned spaceship to the moon left earth.
On that day Apollo 11 blasted off with three American astronauts on board. Four days
after blast-off, two of these astronauts landed on the moon. They later explored the
surface of the moon. About two days after landing on the moon, they started back to
the earth. They arrived safely back on earth a few days later. Today we are sending
unmanned spacecraft to other planets. In the future, we might walk on Mars or Venus
the way we did on the moon. We might even travel to other galaxies. Who knows?
One thing we know for sure is that we will continue to explore this world and other
worlds, too.
41. Marco Polo traveled from England to China in the late 13th century.
42. While he was looking for India, Christopher Columbus reached America.
43. In the 19thcentury Richard Byrd flew over both the North and the South Poles.
44. Unmanned spacecraft went to the ,moon before manned spacecraft did.
45. Apollo 11 was the first manned spaceship to go to the moon.
46. Apollo 11 was damaged in the blast.
47. All of the American astronauts on the spaceship landed on and explored the
surface of the moon.
48. Today we are sending spacecraft with astronauts on board to other planets.
VI/ Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
There is one planet that still fascinates and teases scientists mainly because it doesn’t
have an atmosphere to obscure observation, yet it is not big enough for sufficiently accurate
telescopic observation. The fact that it is also very close to the sun also makes it difficult for
astronomers.

However, space telescopes have told us a lot more about Mercury. It is rather similar
to Earth’s moon and to Mars. There are mountainous areas dotted with craters and
large valleys which are uncratered. The moon’s valleys have fewer cracks and the
ridges are smoother. Mercury’s valleys are filled with volcanic rocks, similar to on the
moon, yet there is no evidence of volcanoes, even extinct ones, on Mercury, as there
is on the both Mars and the moon, and of course here on Earth.
So, scientists presume the valleys on Mercury were caused by different things, that is to say not by
volcanoes, but by very large meteorites, which also caused the cracks in the terrain and left the ridges
rough and uneven. More and better photos of Mercury are needed to prove what are at present at best
only hypotheses.
1. What is the topic of this passage?
a. The planet, Mercury b. Observation of planets
c. The Earth’s moon d. Astronomers’ difficulties
2. Why does Mercury still tease scientists?
a. Because it has an atmosphere which obscures observation.
b. Because it is too close to the sun.
c. Because it is too small.
d. Because it is difficult for space probes to get close to.
3. What is true about Mercury but not true about the moon or Mars?
a. The valleys are filled with volcanic rocks.
b. There are no volcanoes.
c. They valleys are uncratered.
d. There are hilly regions.
4. What does the author imply space telescopes can do better than land-based telescopes?
a. Show the volcanoes on Mercury.
b. Show the meteorites which hit Mercury.
c. Show what caused Mercury’s valleys.
d. Show more of the planet, Mercury.
5. What can we infer from the passage that astronomers still need to get more detailed
observation of Mercury?

a. Better and more space telescopes
b. More hypotheses.
c. Larger space telescopes
d. More ways to prove hypotheses.
 MORE EXERCISES:
I/ Complete the sentences using could, couldn’t, or was/ were able to.
1. My grandfather was a very clever man. He ______speak five languages.
2. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______ find it.
3. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but we _____ persuade them.
4. Laura had hurt her leg and ______ walk very well.
5. Sue wasn’t at home when I called, but I _____ contact her at her office.
6. I looked very carefully, and I ______ see a figure in the distance.
7. I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first store I went to didn’t
have any good ones, but I ______ get some at the next place.
8. My grand mother loved music. She ______ play the piano very well.
II/ Add question tags to the following statements.
2. He hardly ever makes a mistake, _____________?
3. Nobody liked the play, _____________?
4. She’d save money if she bought fresh food, _____________?
5. She’s very funny. She’s got a great sense of humour, _________?
6. The area was evacuated at once, _____________?
7. Mr. Smith usually remembered his wife’s birthdays, __________?
8. It never works very well, ______________?
9. He ought to have made a note of it, _____________?
10. Neither of them offered to help you, _____________?
11. There’ll be plenty for every one, _____________?
PRE - TEST15 (KEY)
IV. PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently
from that of the others.

1. a. foot b. moon c. look d. would
2. a. gravity b. aspiration c. biography d. possible
3. a. technical b. conquest c. psychology d. launched
4. a. national b. venture c. fortunate d. suggestion
5. a. support b. shuttle c. success d. venture
Choose the word which has a different stressed pattern from
6. a. scientist b. president c. engineer d. astronaut
7. a. conquest b. venture c. technical d. artificial
8. a. biography b. psychological c. approximate d. congratulate
9. a. aspiration b. gravity c. challenge d. fortunate
10. a. success b. cosmonaut c. extreme d. appoint
V. LANGUAGE FOCUS
D. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the
sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ___ 20 July 1969.
a. in b. at c. on d. of
12. She is never satisfied ______ what she's got.
a. to b. with c. for d. in .
13. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin lifted ______ into space aboard the Vostok 1.
a. off b. up c. on d. Ø
14. After landing, the team members were greeted like ______ heroes.
a. conquer b. conquering c. conqueror d. conquest
15. No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space.
a. exactly b. clearly c. carefully d. vividly
16. Neil Armstrong, an American ______, was the first man to step on the
moon's surface.
a. scientist b. cosmonaut c. astronaut d. astronomer
17. The 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut became the first person to eat and
drink in ______.
a. weight b. weighting c. weightless d. weightlessness

18. About 100 Russian satellites are the earth.
a. flying b. orbitting c. traveling d. circuiting
19. Many people are demonstrating to express their _ with the new land law.
a. satisfied b. satisfactory c. satisfaction d. dissatisfaction
20. The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.
a. spaceships b. space stations c. spacemen d. space shots
E. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d
21. No one is better cook than his mother, ______?
a. is she b. isn't she c. are they d. aren’t they
22. Do it right now, ______?
a. will you b. shall you c. do you d. don't you
23. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?
a. are they b. are there c. aren't they d. aren't there
24. He seldom goes to the library, ______?
a. doesn’t he b. is he c. does he d. isn’t he
25. Let's go for a long walk, ______?
a. will we b. shall we c. don't you d. do you
26. I'd lost my key, so I ______ the door when I got home.
a. could lock b. wasn't able to lock
c. couldn't unlock d. was able to unlock
27. When Mr. Lee was younger, he ______ work in the garden for hours.
a. has got to b. should be able to c. can d. could
28. Yesterday I ______ to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.
a. could go b. could have gone c. went d. ought to have gone
29. Do you think there ______ less conflict in the world if all people ______
the same language?
a. would be/ spoke b. were/ would speak
c. were/ spoke d. would have been/ had spoken
30. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, ______ eleven times the
size of the earth.

a. being b. has c. is d. having
F. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D -that needs correcting.
26. After the stock market crash of 1929, less people were able to find
A B (fewer) C
Employment
D
27. The average temperature on Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is
A B C
about eighty degrees than colder on Earth.
D (colder than)
28. Halley's comet was named of the astronomer Edmund Halley, who
A (named after)
was the first to realize that some comets appear in regular cycles.
B C D
29. A number of people still wants to apply for the position of accountant in
A B (want) C D
that company.
30. If I were a little taller I could be astronaut, but I don't meet the
A B C D
height requirement. (an astronaut)
VI. READING
C. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box.
Before man had (31) flown in space it was thought that his physical and
mental capabilities might be (32) affected by long periods of (33)
weightlessness,and that he might be endangered by high levels of (34)
radiation. Yuri Gagariri's first (35) space flight in April 1961 showed that man
could live in space and, although this (36) journey only lasted for 108
minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of (37)
manned space flight. In fact most of the early fears about man's health in
space have proved (38) groundless, and although several odd medical (39)

effects have been observed, none has (40) seriously affected man's ability
for useful work.
UNIT 15: GRAMMAR
1. Can & be able to , could & was/ were able to (…. có thể ….):
- Để diễn tả ai đó có khả năng, năng lực làm điều gì đó trong hiện tại , ta
dùng can hoặc be able to.
ex: - The pupils can already read. = The pupils are already able to read.
- The duchess can fly an aeroplane. = The duchess is able to fly an aeroplane.
- Để diễn tả một khả năng ai đó có thể làm được trong quá khứ, ta dùng
could hoặc was/ were able to.
ex: - When I was young, I could/ was able to climb any trees in the forest.
2. Was/ were able to (…. có thể ….):
- Để diễn tả một khả năng xảy ra trong tình huống đặc biệt ở quá khứ, ta
dùng was/ were able to.
ex: - The boat capsized quite near the bank so the children were able to swim
safety.
 Note:
- Ở thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn hoặc với các động từ giác quan (see, hear, smell,
taste, feel, remember, understand), chúng ta có thể dùng could hoặc was/ were
able to.
ex: - He read the message but he couldn’t/ wasn’t able to understand it.
- I could/ was able to see him through the window.
- Ở thì tương lai hoặc hoàn thành, chúng ta dùng be able to (không dùng can).
ex: - One day, people will be able to go on a package tour of the solar system.
- Since his accident, he hasn’t been able to leave the house.
3. Question tag (Câu hỏi đuôi):
Question tag là câu hỏi ngắn được đặt vào cuối câu trần thuật, được tách với
mệnh đề chính (main clause) bằng dấu phẩy và kết thúc bằng dấu chấm hỏi.
Chúng được dùng khi người nói mong đợi người nghe đồng ý (ngữ điệu xuống ở
cuối câu đuôi) hoặc xác nhận lại điều mình vừa nói (ngữ điệu lên).

ex: - The boys don’t have class tomorrow , do they?
main clause question tag
- You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
Qui luật đặt câu hỏi đuôi:
a. Nếu main clause ở thể phủ đònh, câu hỏi đuôi ở thể khẳng đònh, và
ngược lại.
b. Dùng cùng trợ động từ như trong main clause. Nếu không có trợ động
từ, chúng ta dùng do/ does, did.
c. Không đổi thì (tense).
d. Dùng Pronoun subject (I/ we, you, …) trong câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng với
chủ ngữ của main clause.
 Note:
- Chủ ngữ của main clause là This, That / These, Those, chúng ta thay
bằng it / they trong câu hỏi đuôi.
- Chủ ngữ của main clause là Everyone, Someone, Anyone, Anybody, No
one, Nobody, None, Neither, chúng ta dùng they trong câu hỏi đuôi.
ex: - That was lucky, wasn’t it?
- No one would object, would they?
- Nếu main clause có các từ phủ đònh như neither, no, none, no one,
nobody, nothing, scarely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom thì câu hỏi
đuôi ở thể khẳng đònh.
ex: - Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he?
- Sau I am… , câu hỏi đuội là aren’t I? ex:
I’m late, aren’t I?
- Sau Let’s …., câu hỏi đuội là shall we? ex:
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh ở thể phủ đònh hay xác đònh, câu hỏi đuôi đều là will
you?
ex: Don’t be late, will you?
EXERCISE:

I/ Complete the sentences using could, couldn’t, or was/ were able to.
1. My grandfather was a very clever man. He ___could___speak five languages.
2. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ___couldn’t___ find it.
3. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but we ___were able to___ persuade
them.
4. Laura had hurt her leg and __wasn’t able to/couldn’t____ walk very well.
5. Sue wasn’t at home when I called, but I __was able to____ contact her at her
office.
6. I looked very carefully, and I ___could/was able to___ see a figure in the
distance.
7. I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first store I went to didn’t have any good
ones, but I ____was able to__ get some at the next place.
8. My grand mother loved music. She __could/ was able to____ play the piano very
well.
II/ Add question tags to the following statements.
1. He hardly ever makes a mistake, ___does he___?
2. Nobody liked the play, __did they____?
3. She’d save money if she bought fresh food, ___wouldn’t she___?
4. She’s very funny. She’s got a great sense of humour, __hasn’t she____?
5. The area was evacuated at once, ___wasn’t it___?
6. Mr. Smith usually remembered his wife’s birthdays, ___didn’t he___?
7. It never works very well, ___does it___?
8. He ought to have made a note of it, __oughtn’t he____?
9. Neither of them offered to help you, __did they____?
10. There’ll be plenty for every one, __won’t there____?
11. Let’s go out for dinner tonight, ___shall we___?
12. That isn’t Bill driving, ___is it___?
A. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
There is one planet that still fascinates and teases scientists mainly
because it doesn't have an atmosphere to 9bscure observation, yet it is not

big enough for sufficiently accurate telescopic observation. The fact that it is
also very close to the sun also makes it difficult for astronomers.
However, space telescopes have told us a lot more about Mercury. It is
rather similar to Earth's moon and to Mars. There are mountainous areas
dotted with craters and large valleys which are uncratered. The moon's
valleys have fewer cracks and the ridges are smoother. Mercury's valleys are
filled with volcanic rocks, similar to on the moon, yet there is no evidence of
volcanoes, even extinct ones, on Mercury, as there is on the both Mars and
the moon, and of course here on Earth.
So, scientists presume the valleys on Mercury were caused by different
things, that is to say not by volcanoes, but by very large meteorites, which
also caused the cracks in the terrain and left the ridges rough and uneven.
More and better photos of Mercury are needed to prove what are at present
at best only hypotheses.
1. What is the topic of this passage?
a. The planet, Mercury b. Observation of planets
c. The Earth's moon d. Astronomers' difficulties
2. Why does Mercury still tease scientists?
a. Because it has an atmosphere which obscures observation:
b. Because it is too close to the sun;
c. Because it is too small.
d. Because it is difficult for space probes to get close to.
3. What is true about Mercury but not true about the moon or Mars?
a. The valleys are filled with volcanic rocks. b. There are no volcanoes.
c. The valleys are uncratered d. There are hilly regions.
4. What does the author imply space telescopes can do better than land-
based telescopes?
a. Show, the volcanoes on Mercury.
b. Show the meteorites which hit Mercury.
c. Show what caused Mercury's valleys.

d. Show more of the planet, Mercury.
5. What can we infer from the passage that astronomers still need to get
more detailed observation of Mercury?
a. Better and more space telescopes b. More hypotheses.
c. Larger space telescopes d. More ways to prove hypotheses.
VII. READING
D. Fill in each blank space with one appropriate from the box.
Before man had (31) flown in space it was thought that his physical and
mental capabilities might be (32) affected by long periods of (33)
weightlessness,and that he might be endangered by high levels of (34)
radiation. Yuri Gagariri's first (35) space flight in April 1961 showed that man
could live in space and, although this (36) journey only lasted for 108
minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of (37)
manned space flight. In fact most of the early fears about man's health in
space have proved (38) groundless, and although several odd medical (39)
effects have been observed, none has (40) seriously affected man's ability
for useful work.
E. Read the passage carefully, then decide whether the following
statements are true (1) or false IF).
Throughout history there have been many great explorers. Have you, for
example, heard of Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler? He was the first
European to travel to China. He arrived in China in the late 13
th
century.
About 200 years later, Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain by ship. He
was looking for a new way to reach India. However, as you probably know,
he didn't reach India. He landed in America. Five hundred years after
Columbus in the' 1930s a famous explorer named Richard Byrd was one of
the first persons to fly over both the North and the South Poles. Today we
continue to explore this world and are studying to explore other worlds, too.

In the 1930s Russian and American scientists sent many unmanned
spacecraft to the moon. These spacecraft sent back very valuable
information about the moon. Then on July 16th 1969 the first manned
spaceship to the moon left earth. On that day Apollo 11 blasted off with three
American astronauts on board. Four days after blast-off, two of these
astronauts landed on the moon. They later explored the surface of the moon.
About two days after landing on the moon, they started back to the earth.
They arrived safely back on earth a few days later. Today we are sending
unmanned spacecraft to other planets. In the future, we might walk on Mars
or Venus the way we did on the moon. We might even travel to other
galaxies. Who knows? One thing we know for sure is that we will continue to
explore this world and other worlds, too.
49. Marco Polo traveled from England to China in the late 13th century. F
50. While he was looking for India, Christopher Columbus reached America. T
51. In the 19thcentury Richard Byrd flew over both the North and the South Poles. F
52. Unmanned spacecraft went to the ,moon before manned spacecraft did. T
53. Apollo 11 was the first manned spaceship to go to the moon. T
54. Apollo 11 was damaged in the blast. F
55. All of the American astronauts on the spaceship landed on and explored
the surface of the moon. F
Today we are sending spacecraft with astronauts on board to other planets. F