Chapter 117. Health Advice for International Travel (Part 2) potx
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (12.09 KB, 5 trang )
Chapter 117. Health Advice for
International Travel
(Part 2)
Immunizations for Travel
Immunizations for travel fall into three broad categories: routine
(childhood/adult boosters that are necessary regardless of travel), required
(immunizations that are mandated by international regulations for entry into
certain areas or for border crossings), and recommended (immunizations that are
desirable because of travel-related risks). Vaccines commonly given to travelers
are listed in Table 117-1.
Table 117-1 Vaccines Commonly Used for Travel
Vaccine Primary Series Booster
Interval
Cholera, live oral (CVD
103 - HgR)
1 dose 6 months
Hepatitis A (Havrix),
1440 enzyme immunoassay
U/mL
2 doses, 6–
12
months apart, IM
None required
Hepatitis A (VAQTA,
AVAXIM, EPAXAL)
2 doses, 6–
12
months apart, IM
None required
Hepatitis A/B combined
(Twinrix)
3 doses at 0, 1,
and 6–12 months or
0, 7,
and 21 days plus booster
at 1 year, IM
None required
except
12 months (once
only, for accelerated
schedule)
Hepatitis B (Engerix
B):
accelerated schedule
3 doses at 0, 1,
and 2 months or
0, 7,
and 21 days plus booster
12 months, once
only
at 1 year, IM
Hepatitis B (Engerix B or
Recombivax): standard schedule
3 doses at 0, 1,
and 6 months, IM
None required
Immune globulin
(hepatitis A prevention)
1 dose IM Intervals of 3–
5
months, depending on
initial dose
Japanese encephalitis
(JEV, Biken)
3 doses, 1 week
apart, SC
12–
18 months
(first booster), then 4
years
Meningococcus,
quadrivalent [Menimmune
(polysaccharide), Menactra
(conjugate)]
1 dose SC
>3 years
(optimum booster
schedule not yet
determined)
Rabies (HDCV), rabies
vaccine absorbed (RVA), or
purified chick embryo cell
3 doses at 0, 7,
and 21 or 28 days, IM
None required
except with exposure
vaccine (PCEC)
Typhoid Ty21a, or
al live
attenuated (Vivotif)
1 capsule every
other day x 4 doses
5 years
Typhoid Vi capsular
polysaccharide, injectable
(Typhim Vi)
1 dose IM 2 years
Yellow fever 1 dose SC 10 years
reactions occur only rarely. The vaccine is recommended for persons
staying >1 month in rural endemic areas or for shorter periods if their activities
(e.g., camping, bicycling, hiking) in these areas will increase exposure risk. A
Vero cell vaccine may be licensed in the United States within the next 2 years.
Cholera
The risk of cholera (Chap. 149) is extremely low, with ~1 case per 500,000
journeys to endemic areas. Cholera vaccine, no longer available in the United
States, was rarely recommended but was considered for aid and health care
workers in refugee camps or in disaster-stricken/war-torn areas. A more effective
oral cholera vaccine is available in other countries.
