GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
D.P: 6/3/2010 Period: 5,6,7,8
D.T: 9, 10, 11 /3/2010
PASSIVE VOICE OF VERB TENSES
Objective: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the passive voice of verb tenses and do
relevant exercises correctly.
A. Presentation and Form:
- T gives the general form from an example.
Ex: Mary wrote the report in the room yesterday. (A)
S V O Adv of Place Adverb of Time
S BE V3 Adv of Place BY O Adv of Time
The report was written in the room by Mary yesterday. (P)
1 2 3 5 4 5
- T gives examples.
- T asks Ss to give the form of verbs tenses in the passive.
Eg: Tom gives me a new book.
A new book is given me by Tom.
I am given a new book by Tom.
1. HT Đ (Simple present)
S + V/S/ES + O
S + BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PP + (BY+O)
- T asks Ss to give more egs.
Eg: He is taking his brother to the zoo.
His brother is being taken to the zoo (by him).
2. HTTĐ (Present continuous tense)
S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) +VING+ O
S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING +PP + (BY +O)
Eg: They have watched this film.
This film has watched by them.
3. HTHT (Present perfect)
S+HAS/HAVE+PP+O

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN +PP + (BY+O)
Eg: My mother has been buying some flowers.
Some flowers have being bought by my mother.
4. HTHTTD (Present perfect continuous)
S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN+Ving+O
S+HAS/HAVE+BEING+PP + (BY+O)
Eg: I planted some trees in the garden yesterday.
Some trees were planted in the garden yesterday (by me).
5. QKD (Simple past)
S+Ved/I + O
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
S+WAS/WERE+PP+ (BY+O)
Eg: They were playing football/
Football was being played by them.

6. QKTD (Past continuous)
S+WAS/WERE+ Ving + O.
S+ WAS/WERE+BEING+PP+ (BY+O)
Eg: She had bought a new hat yestreday.
A new hat had been bought yesterday by her.
7. QKHT (Past perfect)
S+HAD +PP+O
S+HAD BEEN +PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: My friends had been learning English.
English had being learnt by my friends.
8. QKHTTD (Past perfect continuous)
S+HAD BEEN+ Ving+O
S+HAD +BEING+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: We will take our children to the zoo tomorrow.
Our children will be taken to the zoo tomorrow by us.
9. TLĐ (Simple future)
S+WILL +V+O
S+WILL BE+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: She would give me money if she had much.
I would be given money by her if she had much.
10. TLTQK: (Future in the past)
S+WOULD +V + O
S+WOULD BE + PP + (BY+O)
Eg: They are going to do their homework.
Their homework is going to be done (by them).
11. TLG (the near future)
S + BE GOING TO + V + O
S + BE GOING TO + BE + PP + (BY+O)
Eg: He can play piano.
Piano can be played by him
12. DTKT (model verb)
S+MODEL VERB+V+O
S+MODEL VERB+BE+PP+ (BY+O)
B. Practice:
Ex 1: Change these sentences into Passive voice.
1. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
2. I’ll go by train and my friend will meet me at the station.
……………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………
3. We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
4. The teacher is going to explain this problem to us.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
5. How much did they pay you?
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
6. The police are following the suspects.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
7. A woman I know has just told me about it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
8. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
9. Nobody knows anything about Brenda’s family.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
10. Many people believe that air pollution is going to be much worse in the next decade.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
Ex 2: Use the active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets.
1. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s
oxygen (produce) __________ there.
2. The game (win / probably) __________ by the other team tomorrow. They are a lot better than we are.
3. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) __________it,

including my friend, who (interview) __________ by the police.
4. The first fish (appear) __________ on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000
kinds of fish (name) __________ and (describe) __________ by the scientists. New species (discover)
__________ every year, so the total increases continually.
5. The government used to support the school. Today it (support) __________ by private funds as well as by
the tuition the students pay.
Ex 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice.
They are sending him abroad on business.
- …
You must do your homework before class.
- …
He has just sent me a greeting card.
- …
Did people see the thieves run past the shop?

They don’t let workers use the office phone for personal calls.
- …
They say that she is the best singer in town.
- …
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
Nobody has used this room for ages.
- …
You must clean the wall before you paint it.
- …
Don’t speak until someone asks you.
- …
Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely.

Ex 5: Turn into the active voice.

This school was built thirty years ago.
- …
The results of the contest are going to be announced.
- …
The patients were examined by the doctor.
- …
The books are arranged into sections by the librarian.

She has had some tea made by Ann.
- …
Nothing had been found before the police arrived.
- …
Nam was said to be a clever pupil.
- …
Has the work been finished by Tom?
- …
How was the lost man found by the police?
- …
This room may be used for the classroom.
- …
Ex 6: Choose the best word, phrase or sentence.
“He got a terrible punishment from his father” means ……
A. He punished terribly from his father. B. He was terribly punished by his father.
C. His father was got a terrible punishment from him D. A, B, and C are correct.
Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered.
A. had used B. has been used C. are used D. had been used
“They will build a new hospital in our town” means ……
A. A new hospital will be built in our town. B. Our town will build a new hospital.
C. A new hospital is built in our town. D. Our town will be built a new hospital.
“The laser beam can remove bone” means ……

A. They can remove the laser beam. B. Bone can be removed by the laser beam.
C. Bone can remove the laser beam. D. Bone can remove by the laser beam.
They had to post the football match because of the rain.
A. The football match had to be postponed because of the rain.
B. The football match had been postponed because of the rain.
C. The football match had been to be postponed because of the rain.
D. The football match had postponed because of the rain.
No one has used this machine for 3 years.
A. This machine has been used for 3 years by anyone.
B. This machine has not been used for 3 years.
C. This machine has not to be used 3 years.
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
D. This machine has not used for 3 years.
They are building a bridge across that river.
A. A bridge is built across that river.
B. A bridge is built across that river.
C. A bridge is being builted across that river.
D. A bridge is being built across that river.
You cannot wash this dress; you must dry-clean it.
A. This dress cannot being washed; it must being dry-cleaned.
B. This dress cannot wash; it must dry-clean.
C. This dress cannot be washed; it must be dry-cleaned.
D. All are correct
D.P: 6/3/2010 Period: 5,6,7,8
D.T: 9, 10, 11 /3/2010
PASSIVE VOICE OF VERB TENSES
Objective: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the passive voice of verb tenses and do
relevant exercises correctly.
A. Presentation and Form:

- T gives the general form from an example.
Ex: Mary wrote the report in the room yesterday. (A)
S V O Adv of Place Adverb of Time
S BE V3 Adv of Place BY O Adv of Time
The report was written in the room by Mary yesterday. (P)
1 2 3 5 4 5
- T gives examples.
- T asks Ss to give the form of verbs tenses in the passive.
Eg: Tom gives me a new book.
A new book is given me by Tom.
I am given a new book by Tom.
1. HT Đ (Simple present)
S + V/S/ES + O
S + BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PP + (BY+O)
- T asks Ss to give more egs.
Eg: He is taking his brother to the zoo.
His brother is being taken to the zoo (by him).
5
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
2. HTTĐ (Present continuous tense)
S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) +VING+ O
S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING +PP + (BY +O)
Eg: They have watched this film.
This film has watched by them.
3. HTHT (Present perfect)
S+HAS/HAVE+PP+O
S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN +PP + (BY+O)
Eg: My mother has been buying some flowers.
Some flowers have being bought by my mother.
4. HTHTTD (Present perfect continuous)

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN+Ving+O
S+HAS/HAVE+BEING+PP + (BY+O)
Eg: I planted some trees in the garden yesterday.
Some trees were planted in the garden yesterday (by me).
5. QKD (Simple past)
S+Ved/I + O
S+WAS/WERE+PP+ (BY+O)
Eg: They were playing football/
Football was being played by them.

6. QKTD (Past continuous)
S+WAS/WERE+ Ving + O.
S+ WAS/WERE+BEING+PP+ (BY+O)
Eg: She had bought a new hat yestreday.
A new hat had been bought yesterday by her.
7. QKHT (Past perfect)
S+HAD +PP+O
S+HAD BEEN +PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: My friends had been learning English.
English had being learnt by my friends.
8. QKHTTD (Past perfect continuous)
S+HAD BEEN+ Ving+O
S+HAD +BEING+PP+ (BY+O)
Eg: We will take our children to the zoo tomorrow.
Our children will be taken to the zoo tomorrow by us.
9. TLĐ (Simple future)
S+WILL +V+O
S+WILL BE+PP+ (BY+O)


Eg: She would give me money if she had much.
I would be given money by her if she had much.
10. TLTQK: (Future in the past)
S+WOULD +V + O
6
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
S+WOULD BE + PP + (BY+O)
Eg: They are going to do their homework.
Their homework is going to be done (by them).
11. TLG (the near future)
S + BE GOING TO + V + O
S + BE GOING TO + BE + PP + (BY+O)
Eg: He can play piano.
Piano can be played by him
12. DTKT (model verb)
S+MODEL VERB+V+O
S+MODEL VERB+BE+PP+ (BY+O)
B. Practice:
Ex 1: Change these sentences into Passive voice.
1. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
2. I’ll go by train and my friend will meet me at the station.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
3. We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
4. The teacher is going to explain this problem to us.
……………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………
5. How much did they pay you?
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
6. The police are following the suspects.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
7. A woman I know has just told me about it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
8. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
9. Nobody knows anything about Brenda’s family.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
10. Many people believe that air pollution is going to be much worse in the next decade.
……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………
Ex 2: Use the active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets.
1. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s
oxygen (produce) __________ there.
7
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
2. The game (win / probably) __________ by the other team tomorrow. They are a lot better than we are.
3. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) __________it,
including my friend, who (interview) __________ by the police.
4. The first fish (appear) __________ on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000
kinds of fish (name) __________ and (describe) __________ by the scientists. New species (discover)
__________ every year, so the total increases continually.

5. The government used to support the school. Today it (support) __________ by private funds as well as by
the tuition the students pay.
Ex 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice.
They are sending him abroad on business.
- …
You must do your homework before class.
- …
He has just sent me a greeting card.
- …
Did people see the thieves run past the shop?

They don’t let workers use the office phone for personal calls.
- …
They say that she is the best singer in town.
- …
Nobody has used this room for ages.
- …
You must clean the wall before you paint it.
- …
Don’t speak until someone asks you.
- …
Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely.

Ex 5: Turn into the active voice.
This school was built thirty years ago.
- …
The results of the contest are going to be announced.
- …
The patients were examined by the doctor.
- …

The books are arranged into sections by the librarian.

She has had some tea made by Ann.
- …
Nothing had been found before the police arrived.
- …
Nam was said to be a clever pupil.
- …
Has the work been finished by Tom?
- …
How was the lost man found by the police?
- …
This room may be used for the classroom.
- …
Ex 6: Choose the best word, phrase or sentence.
“He got a terrible punishment from his father” means ……
A. He punished terribly from his father. B. He was terribly punished by his father.
8
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
C. His father was got a terrible punishment from him D. A, B, and C are correct.
Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered.
A. had used B. has been used C. are used D. had been used
“They will build a new hospital in our town” means ……
A. A new hospital will be built in our town. B. Our town will build a new hospital.
C. A new hospital is built in our town. D. Our town will be built a new hospital.
“The laser beam can remove bone” means ……
A. They can remove the laser beam. B. Bone can be removed by the laser beam.
C. Bone can remove the laser beam. D. Bone can remove by the laser beam.
They had to post the football match because of the rain.
A. The football match had to be postponed because of the rain.

B. The football match had been postponed because of the rain.
C. The football match had been to be postponed because of the rain.
D. The football match had postponed because of the rain.
No one has used this machine for 3 years.
A. This machine has been used for 3 years by anyone.
B. This machine has not been used for 3 years.
C. This machine has not to be used 3 years.
D. This machine has not used for 3 years.
They are building a bridge across that river.
A. A bridge is built across that river.
B. A bridge is built across that river.
C. A bridge is being builted across that river.
D. A bridge is being built across that river.
You cannot wash this dress; you must dry-clean it.
A. This dress cannot being washed; it must being dry-cleaned.
B. This dress cannot wash; it must dry-clean.
C. This dress cannot be washed; it must be dry-cleaned.
D. All are correct
Ex 2: Use the active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets.
1. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s
oxygen (produce) __________ there.
2. The game (win / probably) __________ by the other team tomorrow. They are a lot better than we are.
3. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) __________it,
including my friend, who (interview) __________ by the police.
4. The first fish (appear) __________ on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000
kinds of fish (name) __________ and (describe) __________ by the scientists. New species (discover)
__________ every year, so the total increases continually.
5. The government used to support the school. Today it (support) __________ by private funds as well as by
the tuition the students pay.
Ex 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice.

They are sending him abroad on business.
9
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
- …
You must do your homework before class.
- …
He has just sent me a greeting card.
- …
Did people see the thieves run past the shop?

They don’t let workers use the office phone for personal calls.
- …
They say that she is the best singer in town.
- …
Nobody has used this room for ages.
- …
You must clean the wall before you paint it.
- …
Don’t speak until someone asks you.
- …
Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely.

Ex 5: Turn into the active voice.
This school was built thirty years ago.
- …
The results of the contest are going to be announced.
- …
The patients were examined by the doctor.
- …
The books are arranged into sections by the librarian.


She has had some tea made by Ann.
- …
Nothing had been found before the police arrived.
- …
Nam was said to be a clever pupil.
- …
Has the work been finished by Tom?
- …
How was the lost man found by the police?
- …
This room may be used for the classroom.
- …
Ex 6: Choose the best word, phrase or sentence.
“He got a terrible punishment from his father” means ……
A. He punished terribly from his father. B. He was terribly punished by his father.
C. His father was got a terrible punishment from him D. A, B, and C are correct.
Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered.
A. had used B. has been used C. are used D. had been used
“They will build a new hospital in our town” means ……
A. A new hospital will be built in our town. B. Our town will build a new hospital.
C. A new hospital is built in our town. D. Our town will be built a new hospital.
“The laser beam can remove bone” means ……
A. They can remove the laser beam. B. Bone can be removed by the laser beam.
C. Bone can remove the laser beam. D. Bone can remove by the laser beam.
10
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
They had to post the football match because of the rain.
A. The football match had to be postponed because of the rain.
B. The football match had been postponed because of the rain.

C. The football match had been to be postponed because of the rain.
D. The football match had postponed because of the rain.
No one has used this machine for 3 years.
A. This machine has been used for 3 years by anyone.
B. This machine has not been used for 3 years.
C. This machine has not to be used 3 years.
D. This machine has not used for 3 years.
They are building a bridge across that river.
A. A bridge is built across that river.
B. A bridge is built across that river.
C. A bridge is being builted across that river.
D. A bridge is being built across that river.
You cannot wash this dress; you must dry-clean it.
A. This dress cannot being washed; it must being dry-cleaned.
B. This dress cannot wash; it must dry-clean.
C. This dress cannot be washed; it must be dry-cleaned.
D. All are correct
D.P: 12/3/2010 Period: 9, 10, 11, 12
D.T: 16, 17, 18/3/2010
Conditional sentences-Câu điều kiện
Các trợ động từ hình thái như will, would, can, could thường xuất hiện trong các câu điều kiện. Các
câu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu). Có hai loại câu điều kiện là điều kiện có thực và điều kiện không có
thực.
I/ Điều kiện cóthể thực hiện được (điều kiện có thực hay điều kiện dạng I)
Câu điều kiện có thực là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tình huống
thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đều chính được thoả mãn.
Nếu nói về tương lai, dạng câu này được sử dụng khi nói đến một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được hoặc có
thể xảy ra.
TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)
If he tries much more, he will improve his English.

If I have money, I will buy a new car.
THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL)
if + S + simple present tense + simple present tense
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon.
I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND)
If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb +
If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
II/Điều kiện không thể thực hiện được (điều kiện không có thực hay điều kiện dạng II, III)
Câu điều kiện không có thực dùng để diễn tả một hành động hoặc một trạng thái sẽ xảy ra hoặc đã có
thể xảy ra nếu như tình huống được đặt ra trong câu khác với thực tế đang xảy ra hoặc đã xảy ra. Câu điều
kiện không có thực thường gây nhầm lẫn vì sự thực về sự kiện mà câu thể hiện lại trái ngược với cách thể
hiện của câu: nếu động từ của câu là khẳng định thì ý nghĩa thực của câu lại là phủ định và ngược lại.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
(I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world)
If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident.
(I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)
*Điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại (dạng II)
PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME
If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
He would tell you about it if he were here.
If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quicky) (You can’t understand him)
Động từ "to be" phải chia là "were" ở tất cả các ngôi.
If I were you, I wouldn't go to that movie.
*Điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ (dạng III)
PAST TIME

If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didn’t know ) (We didn’t write you a letter)
If we hadn’t lost our way, we would have arrived sooner.
If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Chú ý rằng cũng có thể thể hiện một điều kiện không có thực mà không dùng if. Trong trường hợp
đó, trợ động từ had được đưa lên đầu câu, đứng trước chủ ngữ. Mệnh đề điều kiện sẽ đứng trước mệnh đề
chính.
12
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.
Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo qui luật trên. Trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt,
một vế của điều kiện là quá khứ nhưng vế còn lại có thể ở hiện tại (do thời gian qui định).
If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.
*Cách sử dụng will, would, could, should trong một số trường hợp khác
Thông thường các trợ động từ này không được sử dụng với "if" trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều
kiện, tuy nhiên vẫn có một số ngoại lệ như sau:
If you (will/would): Nếu vui lòng. Thường được dùng trong các yêu cầu lịch sự. Would lịch sự hơn will.
If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here.
If + Subject + Will/Would: Nếu Chịu. Để diễn đạt ý tự nguyện.
If he will listen to me, I can help him.
Will còn được dùng theo mẫu câu này để diễn đạt sự ngoan cố: Nếu nhất định, Nếu cứ.
If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain.
If you could: Xin vui lòng. Diễn đạt lịch sự 1 yêu cầu mà người nói cho rằng người kia sẽ đồng ý như là một
lẽ đương nhiên.
If you could open your book, please.
If + Subject + should + + command: Ví phỏng như. Diễn đạt một tình huống dù có thể xảy ra được song
rất khó.
If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.
Có thể đảo should lên trên chủ ngữ và bỏ if

Should you find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me.
*Cách sử dụng if trong một số trường hợp khác
If then: Nếu thì
If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her.
If dùng trong dạng câu suy diễn logic (không phải câu điều kiện): Động từ ở các mệnh đề diễn biến bình
thường theo thời gian của chính nó.
If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.
If you did not do much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand.
If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello.
If should = If happen to = If should happen to diễn đạt sự không chắc chắn (Xem thêm phần sử
dụng should ở trên)
If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs.
(Ngộ nhỡ mà anh có tình cờ ghé qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em ít trứng)
If Was/were to Diễn đạt điều kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng. Nó gần giống câu điều kiện không
có thật ở hiện tại.
If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble.
What would we do if I was/were to lose my job?
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GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân
Hoặc có thể diễn đạt một ý lịch sự khi đưa ra đề nghị
If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.
(Nếu anh vui lòng dịch ghế của anh ra một chút thì chúng ta có thể cùng ngồi được)
Note: Cấu trúc này tuyệt đối không được dùng với các động từ tĩnh tại hoặc chỉ trạng thái tư duy
Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you.
Incorrect: If I was/were to know
If it + to be + not + for: Nếu không vì, nếu không nhờ vào.
Thời hiện tại:
If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about.
(Nếu không vì những đứa con thì vợ chồng nhà ấy chả có chuyện gì mà nói)
Thời quá khứ:

If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what to do.
(Nếu không nhờ vào sự giúp đỡ của anh thì tôi cũng không biết phải làm gì đây).
Có thể đảo lại:
Had it not been for your help, I don’t know what to to.
"Not" đôi khi được thêm vào những động từ sau "if" để bày tỏ sự nghi ngờ, không chắc chắn. (Có nên
Hay không )
I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary.
It would if + subject + would (Sẽ là nếu – không được dùng trong văn viết)
It would be better if they would tell every body in advance.
(Sẽ là tốt hơn nếu họ kể cho mọi người từ trước)
How would we feel if this would happen to our family!
(Ta sẽ cảm thấy thế nào nếu điều này xảy ra đối với gia đình chúng ta!)
If ’d have will have: Dùng trong văn nói, không dùng trong văn viết, diễn đạt điều kiện không thể xảy ra
ở quá khứ
If I’d have known, I’d have told you.
If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny.
If + preposition + noun/verb (Subject + be bị lược bỏ)
If in doubt, ask for help. (= If you are in doubt )
If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night sleep. (= If you are about to go on )
If dùng với một số từ như any/anything/ever/not để diễn đạt phủ định
There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers.
(There is little evidence, if there is any at all, for flying saucers)
(Có rất ít bằng chứng về đĩa bay, nếu quả là có thực)
I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.
(Tôi không giận dữ đâu. Mà có chăng tôi cảm thấy hơi ngạc nhiên)
Cách nói này còn diễn đạt ý kiến ướm thử: Nếu có
I’d say he was more like a father, if anything
(Tôi xin nói rằng ông ấy còn hơn cả một người cha, nếu có thể nói thế.)
He seldom if ever travels abroad.
(Anh ta chả mấy khi đi ra nước ngoài)


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Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word
(Thông thường, nhưng không phải là luôn luôn )
If + Adjective = although (cho dù là)
Nghĩa không mạnh bằng although - Dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng hoặc vấn đề gì đó không quan trọng.
His style, if simple, is pleasant to read.
(Văn phong của ông ta, cho dù là đơn giản, thì đọc cũng thú)
The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy
(Lợi nhuận, cho dù là có thấp hơn năm qua một chút, thì vẫn là rất lớn.)
Cấu trúc này có thể thay bằng may , but
His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read.
III/ Practice:
Ex 1: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in brackets.
1. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone! (Unless)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
2. I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet. (If)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
3. You press this button to stop the machine. (If)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
4. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00. (Should)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
5. Provided that you leave an address we will be able to contact you. (Unless)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
6. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table. (If)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
7. He would have lent you his car if you’d asked him. (Had)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
8. If you changed your mind, you’d be welcome to join us. (Were)

……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
9. They are having a row because she borrowed his tennis racket and lost it. (If)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
10. Unless you save some money, you will never be able to buy a car. (Provided)
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
Answers:
1. Unless you leave me alone, I’ll call the police.
2. If I had had an umbrella with me, I wouldn’t have got wet.
3. If you press this button, the machine stops.
4. Should you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00.
5. Unless you leave an address we will not be able to contact you.
6. If Jack hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.
7. Had you asked him, he would have lent you his car.
8. Were you to change your mind, you’d be welcome to join us.
9. If she hadn’t lost his tennis racket, they wouldn’t be having a row.
10. Provided that you save some money, you will be able to buy a car.
Ex 2: Supply the correct tenses of verbs given in these sentences.
1. We don’t go out unless it (STOP) __________ raining.
2. We (CALL) __________ the police now if he didn’t give me back the bike.
3. You would not be able to do this test well if your English (BE) __________ not good.
4. If we (NOT HAVE) __________ enough rain last year, we (NOT GROW) __________ rice well.
5. The men could not have caught those fish unless they (HAVE) __________ good nets.
6. He (NOT LEARN) __________ much if he did not work harder.
7. If you read this book carefully, you (UNDERSTAND) __________ it.
8. He (WRITE) __________ to you if he heard some news.
9. We really help him if he really (NEED) __________ us.
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10. If he (NOT HAVE) __________ an accident last night, he (NOT BE) __________ in hospital now.
Answers:

1. Stops 2. Would call 3. Were 4. Hadn’t had / wouldn’t have grown 5. Had had
6. Wouldn’t learn 7. Can understand 8. Would write 9. Needs 10. Hadn’t had / wouldn’t be
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho phù hợp:
1. I (be) _________ angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
2. If he (finish) __________ with the computer, I will put it away.
3. If you leave now, you (be) _________ home in 2 hours.
4. You (have to) ___________ finish writing it if you want to leave now.
5. If it (not rain) __________ we will have the party outside.
6. If I (live) __________ out of town, I would take up the garden.
7. I (not mind) ____________ living in Sapa if the weather were better.
8. If Mr. Hai (be) _________ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior.
9. We would be fine if we (leave) _________ in the next ten minutes.
10. I’m homeless. If I (have) _________ money now, I (buy)__________ a big house.
11. If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ____________ late for the meeting.
12. It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) _______if you hadn’t reminded me.
13. The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)______________.
14. The view was wonderful. If I (have) _____________ a camera, I would have taken some photographs.
15. If you had told me you needed money, I (lend) _____________ you some.
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho những câu dưới đây:
1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed
2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive
3. If I make some coffee, _____ the cake?
A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut
4. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let
5. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
6. ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.

A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been
7. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.”
A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get
8. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were
9. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit
10. “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he_____ me with him.”
A. told/ would go B. told/ might have gone
C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone
11. “My car broke down when I was leaving Tan Chau”. – “_____, we’d _____ you up.”
A. if we had known/ pick B. had we known/ had picked
C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick
12. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it.”
A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take
C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take
13. “You look tired”- “well, if you ____ me up in the middle of the night, I _____ so tired.”
A. didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be
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C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be
14. ____ resigned, we would have been force to sack him.
A. Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had
15. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told C. hadn’t told D. had told
16. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____ tomorrow,
too.
A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel
17. If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you______ in this mess right now.
A. listen/ won’t be B. listened/ wouldn’t have been

C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be
18. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.
A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask
19. When winter comes, I ____ a new coat.
A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys
20. What would Tom do if he ____ the truth?
A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew
21. If I ____ you, I wouldn’t do that.
A. be B. were C. was D. had been
22. If I had money now, I _____ a car.
A. will buy B. buy C. would buy D. had bought
23. It would have been a much more accident if she _____ fast at the time.
A. was driving B. had driven C. drove D. drive
24. If I had been absent from class yesterday, I____ the math test
A. would missed B. would have missed C. will miss D. miss
25. If you _____ here earlier, you _____ her.
A. had come/ would have met B. come /meet
C. came/would meet D. comes will meet
26. If I _____ a millionaire, I ______ a Civic Honda.
A. am/ will buy B. was/ would buy C. was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy
27. “Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _______ you a call if I _____ some help.”
A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed C. will give/ need D. give/ need
28. If I _____ wings, I _____ take an airplane to fly home.
A. have/ won’t have to B. had/ wouldn’t have to C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn’t have to
29. I think you should stop smoking.
A. if I am you, I will stop smoking. B. if I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. if I were you, I would stop smoking. D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking.
30. If I were you, I would work harder.
A. you would rather not work so hard B. you should work harder
C. you should work with me D. do not work so hard.

31. We did not visit the museum because we had no time.
A. If we have time, we will visit the museum.
B. If we had time, we would visit the museum.
C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum.
32. He looked frightened as if he ______ a ghost.
A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. had seen
33. Doctor, I feel as if my head _______ on fire at the moment.
A. is B. were C. had been D. be
34. ______You work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
35. Unless you _____ quiet, I’ll scream.
A. don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep
36. I won’t wake unless I ______ the alarm.
A. don’t hear B. heard C. hear D. didn’t hear
37. ______, he would have been able to pass the exam.
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A. If he studied more B. If he were studying more
C. studying more D. had he studied more
38. Had I had some more money, I _______ that book.
A. Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct
39. ______ if I take a map.
A. I will get lost B. I will not get lost C. I would get lost D. I would not get lost
40. If cauliflowers ______ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.
A. will not be protected B. are not protected
C. were not protected D. are not being protected
Exercise 3: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau:
1. (A)Unless there (B) had been a (C) heavy storm, the climber (D) will not have died.
2. He (A) spend money (B) carelessly (C) as if he (D) was a millionaire.

3. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich.
4. (A)What (B) would you have do (D) if you (D) were in my position?
5. (A)If I (B )had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you.
6. If (A) had I known you (B) were (C) in financial difficulty, I (D) would have helped you.
7. (A)If she (B) had listened (C) to my direction she (D) will not turn down the wrong street.
8. My children (A) won’t go to bed (B) unless they (C) don’t have (D) some money.
9. If you (A) keep on (B) playing games (C) on the computer, I (D) would sell it.
10. (A) Unless it (B) rains, we (C) will stay (D) at home.

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D.P: 20/3/2010 Period: 13,14,15,16
D.T: 22, 23, 24 / 3 /2010
COMPARISIONS
(SO SÁNH TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ)
OBJECTIVE: By the end of this review, Ss will be able to use the structures Comparison of Adjectives and
Adverbs correctly.
A. REVIEW THE STRUCTURES (Groups)
I. Phân loại tính từ/ trạng từ theo âm tiết:
a. Tính từ (adj) / trạng từ (adv) ngắn : có 1 âm tiết và 2 âm tiết tận cùng bằng: -Y, -LE, -OW, -ER
EX: big, cheap, young, new, wide……; “happy, busy, early, clever, gentle, narrow”………
b. Tính từ (adj) / trạng từ (adv) dài : có 2 âm tiết trở lên
EX: quickly, careful, famous……; difficult, important, intelligent, dangerous………
• Note:
- Early (sớm) là loại ngắn vì đây chính là từ ngun gốc
- Quickly (nhanh) là loại dài vì đây là sự kết hợp của: QUICK + LY

II. Các loại so sánh:
1. So sánh bằng (Positive form) là hình thức dùng Đối tượng 1 so vơi đối tượng 2
a. Câu khẳng đònh:
Ex: This picture is as beautiful as that one.
(Bức tranh này thì đẹp như bức tranh kia)
Mary draws as beautifully as Tom does.
(Mary vẽ đẹp như Tom vậy)
b. Câu phủ đònh
He isn’t so careful as his brother.(Anh ấy thì không cẩn thận bằng anh của anh ấy)
John doesn’t work so/as carefully as Mary does. (John không làm việc cẩn thận bằng Mary)
Lưu ý: Khi nói gấp bao nhiêu lần, ta dùng: twice as … as (gấp 2 lần), three times as … as (gấp 3 lần)
EX: Their house three times as big as our house. (Nhà họ lớn gấp 3 lần nhà chúng tôi)
2. So sánh hơn (Comparative form): là hình thức dùng Đối tượng 1 so vơi đối tượng 2
Tính Từ/ Trạng Từ Ngắn (Short Adj/ Adv) Tính Từ/Trạng Từ Dài (Long Adj/ Adv)
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S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun / clause
(Đối tượng 1) (Đối tượng 2)
Với “to be” → so sánh tính từ: beautiful,
Với Động từ thường (draws)
→ so sánh trạng từ: beautifully/ carefully
S + V (not) + as/so + adj/ adv + as + noun / pronoun / clause
(Đối tượng 1) (Đối tượng 2)
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT n Hân
a. Thêm “-ER” vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn (short adj/
adv)
EX:
big (lớn) → bigger (lớn hơn)
fast (nhanh)→ faster (nhanh hơn)
quiet (yên lặng) → quieter(yên lặng hơn)
happy(hạnh phúc) → happier (hạnhphúc hơn)

clever(thông minh) → cleverer(thôngminh hơn)
narrow(hẹp) → narrower (hẹp hơn)
simple (đơn giản) → simpler (đơngiản hơn)
:
 Nam is taller than his sister.
(Nam thì cao hơn chò anh ấy)
 He works harder than his friend.
(Anh ấy làm việc chăm chỉ hơn bạn mình)
b. Thêm “MORE” trước tính từ/trạng từ dài (long adj/
adv)
EX:
useful (hữu ích) → more useful (hữu ích hơn)
boring (tẻ nhạt) → more boring (tẻ nhạt hơn)
tired (mệt mỏi) → more tired (mệt mỏi hơn)
quickly (nhanh) → more quickly (nhanh hơn)
quietly (yên tónh) →more quietly (yên tónh hơn)
interesting (thú vò)→ more interesting (thú vò hơn)
• This picture is more beautiful than that one.
(Bức tranh này thì đẹp hơn bức tranh kia)
• She speaks English more fluently than I do.
(Cô ấy nói tiếng Anh lưu loát hơn tôi)
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S1 + V + short adj/adv_ER +THAN + S2
S1 + V + MORE -Long Adj/ Adv + THAN + S2
GV - Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT n Hân
Lưu ý: Ta có thể tăng hoặc giảm mức độ so sánh hơn bằng cách thêm “much/ far/ a lot (nhiều), a bit/
a little, rather/ slightly (một ít)” TRƯỚC dạng so sánh.
EX: Her boy friend is much/ far older than her. (Bạn trai của cô ấy lớn tuổi hơn cô ta nhiều)
Today I get up a little later than usual. (Hôm nay tôi thức dậy trễ hơn thường ngày một chút)
3. So sánh nhất (Superlative form): là hình thức dùng đối tượng 1 so với nhiều đối tượng khác.

Thường nhiều đối tượng khác được hiểu trong các cụm từ và mệnh đề như:
• IN + NƠI CHỐN/ TỔ CHỨC: in the world (trên thế giới) / in Vietnam (ở Việt nam)…
• OF + NHÓM NGƯỞI/VẬT (cụ thể): of the three students (trong 3 học sinh)…
• OF + THỜI GIAN: of the year (trong năm)
• (THAT) I’VE EVER SEEN / KNOWN…(mà tôi đã từng thấy/ biết)
Ex: - What is the longest river in the world? (Con sông nào dài nhất trên thế giới?)
Tính Từ/ Trạng Từ Ngắn (Short Adj/ Adv) Tính Từ/Trạng Từ Dài (Long Adj/ Adv)
a. Thêm “–EST” vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn (short
adj/ adv)
EX: hot (nóng) → hottest (nóng nhất)
cheap (rẻ) → cheapest (rẻ nhất)
busy (bận rộn) → busiest (bận rộn nhất)
happy (hạnh phúc)→ happiest (hạnh phúc nhất)
Ex: She types the fastest in the company. (Cô ấy đánh máy
nhanh nhất trong công ty)
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
(Hôm qua là ngày nóng nhất trong năm.)
b. Thêm “MOST” trước tính từ/ trạng từ dài (long adj/
adv)
EX: slowly (chậm) → most slowly (chậm nhất)
expensive (đắt) → most expensive (đắt nhất)
beautiful (đẹp) → most beautiful (đẹp nhất)
Ex: This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
(Đây là bộ phim thú vò nhất mà tôi đã từng xem)
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
(Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất trong lớp.)
4.So sánh kép:
a/ so sánh lũy tiến: là hình thức nói về 1 đối tượng nào đó đang thay đổi từng ngày
S + V + short adj/adv _er + and + short adj/adv _er
More and more + long adj/adv.


Thường là các động từ: GET = BECOME: trở nên

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S + V + THE + short adj/adv_EST + nhiều đối
tượng khác
S + V + THE MOST -Long Adj/ Adv + nhiều đối
tượng khác
: Ngày càng …… hơn
GV - Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT n Hân
Ex: Hoa becomes fatter and fatter. (Hoa ngày càng mập hơn)
Mr. Brown drives faster and faster. (Ông Brown lái xe ngày càng nhanh hơn)
Jane becomes more and more beautiful. (Jane càng trở nên xinh đẹp hơn)
b/ sosánh đồng tiến : là hình thức nói về 2 đối tượng nào đó cùng thay đổi – ảnh hưởng
lẫn nhau

Ex: The healthier I get, the happier I feel. (Càng khoẻ mạnh thì tôi càng thấy hạnh phúc)
The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try. (Bài học càng khó, thì tôi càng cố gắng)
The larger the house is, the more expensive it is. (Căn nhà càng lớn, thì nó càng đắt)
III. Lưu ý về tính từ/ trạng từ:
a. Qui tắc thêm _ER hoặc _EST vào adj/adv :

Large– larger – the largest (rộng/ lớn
nhất)
Dry – drier –the driest (khô nhất)
Hot – hotter –the hottest (nóng nhất)
Big – bigger – the biggest (lớn nhất)
New - newer - the newest (mới nhất)
Narrow – narrower – narrowest (hẹp
nhất)

B .Trường hợp ngoại lệ:
Good/well  better  the best
Bad/badly  worse  the
worst
Many/much  more  the most
Little  less  the least
Far  farther  the
farthest
Further the furthest
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: … càng… (Thì) càng…
THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V, the + COMPARATIVE + S + V
(So sánh hơn) (So sánh hơn)
GV- Dương Thị Thảo Trường THPT Yên Hân

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences. Use the comparison of the word in brackets.
1. Mary isn’t (pretty) __________________ as her sister.
2. The steak is (expensive) __________________ than fish.
3. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (well) __________________
4. Nobody is (happy) __________________ than Miss Snow.
5. It was an awful day. It was (bad) __________________ day of my life.
6. Thank to the progress of science, human life is (good and good)__________________ .
7. Mr. Brown is (delightful) __________________ person I have ever known.
8. The competition makes the price of goods (cheap and cheap) __________________
9. Sam’s conduct is (bad) __________________ than Paul’s.
10. These boys are (ill-prepared) __________________ for the employment than my children.
11. What is (popular) __________________ sport in your country?
12. They speak English (fluently) __________________ than we do.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, suing the structure …er and …er or more and more.
1. This subject gets harder and harder all the time. (hard)

2. I’m just getting more and more confused. (confused)
3. It’s becoming __________________ for me to keep up. (difficult)
4. The textbook just gets __________________(complicated)
5. I spend __________________ time on my work (much)
6. My list of things to do gets __________________ (long).
7. As I waited for my interview, I became __________________ (nervous).
8. My problem is getting __________________ (bad).
9. Since she has been in Britain, her English has got __________________ (good).
10. Traveling is becoming __________________ (expensive).
11. My bags seemed to get __________________ as I carried them (heavy)
12. The city is getting __________________ (big)
Exercise 3: Complete each sentence using information in brackets and the structure with two comparative.
1. (The rents are high.) The bigger a flat is, the higher the rent is.
2. (You learn quickly.) The younger you are
3. (The roads are quite.) The earlier you leave
4. (The choice is wide.) The bigger a supermarket is
5. (I get confused.) The more I tried to work this out,
6. (You can speak fluently.) The more you practise
7. (The beaches get crowded.) The better the weather is
8. (She became impatient.) The longer she waited,
9. (It’s hard to concentrate.) The more tired you are,
10. (The product is reliable.) The higher the price is,
Exercise 4:Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.
1. It was an awful day. It was the (bad) _____________ day of my life.
2. He was a bit depressed yesterday, but he looks (happy)____________today
3. John’s car runs (well) ________________ than Mary’s.
4. That’s the (far) _______________ way to the city center.
5. I feel (good) _________________ today than I did last week.
6. HCM City is the (big) ______________ city in Viet Nam.
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