272 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide
The overall upgrade process is as follows:
Step 1. Open the Upgrade tool.
Step 2. In the IP File field, select the button (this button is called an ellipsis and
looks like three dots), select the APList.txt file, and click Open, as demon-
strated in Figure 14-8.
Step 3. In the Upgrade Options field, choose any options that apply. These pertain to
how to handle the upgrade. Are the APs being upgraded over a WAN link?
Should the AP be converted to DHCP after the upgrade? Should they keep
their existing hostname after the upgrade? Select the check box to indicate
your choice based on your preferences and network situation. In Figure 14-9,
the APs are going to retain their hostnames.
Step 4. In the LWAPP Recovery Image section shown in Figure 14-9, select the
method of TFTP you want to use, whether it is internal to the Upgrade tool or
using an external application such as Tftpd32. Then select the LWAPP Recov-
ery image. Choose how many APs can upgrade at once in the Max. AP at run
field.
Figure 14-8 Selecting the APList.txt File
Key
Topi
c
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Chapter 14: Migrating Standalone APs to LWAPP 273
Figure 14-9 Upgrade Options
Step 5. In the Controller Details section, define the controllers management IP ad-
dress, username, and password.
Step 6. In the Time Details section, select the User Controller Time radio button.
Step 7. If resolving by DNS, enter the DNS address and domain name. Optionally,
change the logging level if you want to see more verbose information.
Step 8. Click the Start button to begin the process.
The upgrade process verifies each parameter you have entered and errors out if inconsis-

tencies are noted. After the conversion, the AP reboots. After the reboot, the AP behaves
like any lightweight AP and tries to find a controller.
Note: During the upgrade process to the lightweight code, a self-signed certificate is gen-
erated for each AP and sent to the WLC if the AP is an older AP without a Cisco signed cer-
tificate. It is important that all the controllers that the AP may associate with have this
certificate. In this case, if the CUWN has a WCS server, you would import the self-signed
certificate to WCS from the controller the AP is currently associated with. You would do
this by refreshing the controller config to WCS from the controller the AP is associated to
and then push it to all other controllers.
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274 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide
This is an important note for those who are upgrading from older APs that support the
upgrade path from autonomous APs to the lightweight code for the CUWN, but it is not
so important for those looking to take the CCNA Wireless Exam.
You can read more about it in the article “Self-Signed Certificate Manual Addition to the
Controller for LWAPP-Converted APs” at />If you want to convert an AP from lightweight to standalone, you can do so via the com-
mand-line interface (CLI) or by resetting the AP to factory defaults. If you do it from the
CLI, you use the following command:
ccoonnffiigg aapp ttffttpp ddoowwnnggrraaddee
tftp-server-ip-address filename apname
If you are resetting to factory defaults, use the mode button by holding it down until the
LED turns red. This causes the AP to reboot, ignoring its lightweight code, apply an IP ad-
dress of 10.0.0.1, and broadcast for an IOS file. This means you need a TFTP server on that
subnet and a default file on there with the naming convention cplatform_name-k9w7-
tar.default. This is what the AP looks for. If the file can be found, the downgrade will take
place. You probably will not be doing this unless you plan to move a lightweight AP out of
the lightweight deployment and place it somewhere else as a standalone AP.
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Chapter 14: Migrating Standalone APs to LWAPP 275
Table 14-2 Key Topics for Chapter 14

Key Topic Item Description Page Number
Paragraph/list in the section “Ac-
cessing the AP in Autonomous
Mode”
List of methods used to access
the AP
264
Paragraph/list in the section “Us-
ing the Express Setup and Express
Security for Basic Configuration”
List of requirements for Ex-
press Setup
265
Paragraph/list in the section “Con-
verting to LWAPP
List of requirements to meet
before upgrading to light-
weight mode
269
List in the section “Converting to
LWAPP
Steps to perform the upgrade
using the Upgrade tool
272
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Concepts
Review the most important topics from this chapter, noted with the Key Topics icon in the
outer margin of the page. Table 14-2 lists a reference of these key topics and the page
number where you can find each one.
Definition of Key Terms

Define the following key terms from this chapter, and check your answers in the Glossary:
Upgrade tool, IP Setup Utility
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This chapter covers the following subjects:
Overview of the Small Business Communica-
tion System: An introduction to the Small Busi-
ness Communication System, its components, and
how mobility fits in.
Configuring the 521 AP and 526 Controller: A
look at three methods used to configure the Cisco
Mobility Express solution.
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CHAPTER 15
Cisco Mobility Express
Table 15-1 “Do I Know This Already?” Section-to-Question Mapping
Foundation Topics Section Questions
Overview of the Small Business Communication System 1–5
Configuring the 521 AP and 526 Controller 6–10
Cisco Mobility Express was designed to offer wireless services to small businesses in a
form factor similar to the lightweight architecture. It is not the full Lightweight Access
Point Protocol (LWAPP) but rather a subset of LWAPP functionality. This means that al-
though the 521 AP runs the subset of LWAPP, it cannot communicate with enterprise con-
trollers. The Cisco Mobility Express solution delivers best-in-class wireless capabilities
that until recently had been reserved for enterprises. The solution is sold at a premium ac-
cessible to small to medium-sized business (SMB) customers who are seeking to gain a
competitive edge without having to compromise between price and sophistication. SMBs
now have an alternative to consumer-grade products and can benefit from the latest enter-
prise-class services available over Wi-Fi. Also of noteworthiness is that Linksys offers an
upgrade program for businesses that want to get enterprise-class devices into the network.
This is a key type of business to see this in.

You should do the “Do I Know This Already?” quiz” first. If you score 80 percent or
higher, you might want to skip to the section “Exam Preparation Tasks.” If you score be-
low 80 percent, you should spend the time reviewing the entire chapter. Refer to
Appendix A, “Answers to the ‘Do I Know This Already?’ Quizzes,” to confirm your an-
swers.
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
The “Do I Know This Already?” quiz helps you determine your level of knowledge of this
chapter’s topics before you begin. Table 15-1 details the major topics discussed in this
chapter and their corresponding quiz questions.
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278 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide
1. The Cisco Mobility Express solution is part of what system?
a. ACCID
b. SBCS
c. SAFE
d. IOS
2. Which of the following devices is not part of the Cisco Smart Business Communica-
tion System?
a. Cisco Unified Communications 500 Series for Small Businesses
b. Cisco Unified IP Phones
c. The Cisco 4402 Wireless LAN controller
d. The Cisco 521 Wireless Express Access Point
3. What protocol manages the Cisco 521 AP when operating in lightweight mode?
a. LWAPP
b. CDP
c. IP Discovery
d. A subset of LWAPP
4. The Cisco 521 AP supports which of the following protocols? (Choose all that apply.)
a. 802.11a
b. 802.11b

c. 802.11g
d. WPA2
5. The Cisco 526 Express Controller supports RRM. True or False?
a. True
b. False
6. The Cisco Mobility Express solution can be managed by which of the following?
(Choose all that apply.)
a. Cisco Security Manager
b. Command-line interface
c. Web interface
d. CCA
7. From the CLI, which is not a valid boot option?
a. Run the primary image (Version 4.2.61.8) (active).
b. Run the backup image (Version 4.1.154.22).
c. Manually upgrade the primary image.
d. Manually downgrade the primary image.
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Chapter 15: Cisco Mobility Express 279
e. Change the active boot image.
f. Clear the configuration.
8. The Cisco 526 Express Controller supports NTP. True or False?
a. True
b. False
9. Which of the following is the correct way to access the web interface of a Cisco 526
Express Controller if you have never performed CLI setup?
a. http://10.1.1.1
b. https://10.1.1.1
c. http://192.168.1.1
d. https://192.168.1.1
10. What is the PC application that manages the Cisco Mobility Express solution?

a. CCA
b. CSA
c. ACS
d. AAA
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280 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide
Application-based
Access points,
controllers, and
application servers
Adapt to your level
of sophistication
Grow with your
business
Offer a mobile
foundation for all
Controller-based
Access points and controllers
Standalone
Access points
Figure 15-1 Cisco Mobility Express Solution
Foundation Topics
Overview of the Small Business Communication
System
The Cisco Mobility Express solution, seen in Figure 15-1, is either a standalone or a con-
troller-based access point (AP) and a controller-based solution.
You manage the solution through a configuration assistant software application. The
Cisco Mobility Express solution is only a portion, however, of the Cisco Smart Business
Communication System (SBCS). This SBCS includes the following:
■ Cisco Unified Communications 500 Series for Small Businesses

This device can support up to 48 users and acts as a DHCP server. This DHCP func-
tionality is important because it is a requirement of the AP, and the controller does
not act as a DHCP server. Only the Cisco UC 500 series and the Cisco 870W router
support DHCP.
■ Cisco Unified IP Phones
■ Cisco Monitor Director
■ The Cisco Mobility Solution, including the following:
The Cisco 526 Wireless Express Controller
The Cisco 521 Wireless Express Access Point
The design of this solution is perfect for small businesses that want a controller-based AP
deployment but do not plan to grow to more than 12 APs, because the architecture al-
lows one controller to support six APs, with two controllers able to communicate with
each other. The devices are managed by a central application called the Cisco Configura-
tion Assistant (CCA), which is a Windows application that you can download from
Key
Topi
c
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Chapter 15: Cisco Mobility Express 281
Figure 15-2 The Cisco 521 AP
Cisco.com and install locally. Along with the Cisco Configuration Assistant and the Ra-
dio Resource Management (RRM) capabilities of the Cisco Mobility Solution, this net-
work is self-configuring, self-optimizing, and self-healing in the event of interference.
521 AP
The Cisco 521 AP has a form factor that is similar to the 1130 series AP. The Cisco 521 AP,
seen in Figure 15-2, has internal 802.11 b/g antennas.
When managed by the Cisco 526 controller, the Cisco 521 AP uses a protocol subset of
LWAPP. The Cisco 521 AP cannot communicate with the CUWN controllers because a
hardware check during the AP bootup process does not allow it to join any other con-
troller besides the 526.

Features of the Cisco 521 AP include the following:
■ 802.11g radio
■ Industry-leading radio design
■ Variable transmit power settings
■ Integrated antennas
■ Hardware-assisted Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption
■ IEEE 802.11i-compliant; WPA2 and WPA certified
■ Low-profile design
■ Multipurpose and lockable mounting bracket
■ Power over Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af and Cisco Inline Power)
■ Field-upgradeable from standalone to controller mode
■ Inclusion of Cisco Configuration Assistant management software
526 Wireless Express Controller
The Cisco 526 Wireless Express Mobility controller harnesses the power of Cisco
LWAPP technology, best-in-class automatic radio optimization, mobility performance, and
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