INDEX OF NAMES
1032
Wood, Henry 341
Wood, Henry A.Wise 676
Woolf, Arthur 279
Woolley, Sir Leonard 57, 69
Woolrich, J.S. 357–8
Worcester, Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquis of
33, 273
Worsdell, T.W. 582
Wren, Christopher 860, 867, 881–2
Wright, Orville and Wilbur 39, 622–4
Wyatt, John 824–5, 828, 830

Yost, Paul E. 613
Young, James 211
Young, L.C. 729
Zahn, Johann 731
Zède, Gustave 537
Zeiger, Herbert 737
Zeiss, Carl 417
Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von 617
Zisman 220
Zizka, John 978
Zonca 265, 266
Zuccato, Eugenio de 683
Zuse, Konrad 702
Zworykin, Vladimir K. 745
Zyl, van 251
1033
Aaron Manby (ship) 164

abacus 686, 697–8
Aberdeen (ship) 286
Aberdeen: granite construction 860
abrasives 407–8
accumulator 353–4
acoustic coupler 710
acrylic fibres 850
acrylic plastics 219
adhesives 220
adobe 856
advertising, radio 727
adzes copper 49 stone 11
aerofoil sails (ships) 526
aeronautical alloys 116, 122, 143
aeronautics see balloons; aircraft
Africa, early technology 6, 9, 10
Aga cooker 941–2
Agamemnon (ship) 715
Agenoria (locomotive) 562
Agricultural Revolution 802
agriculture 761–802 alternate husbandry 779
animal husbandry 765 animal power in
267, 765 arable farming 767–87
archaeologists’ view 761–2 canals
benefiting 512–13 crop rotation 21, 779
crop storage 799–800 dairy farming 791–6
farm traction 787–91 fertilizers 170, 223–4,
774–5 pest control 775–7 weed control 777–8
air, compressed 469, 553, 962
air defence missiles 1008

air warfare 994–5, 998–1000 see also aircraft,
military
aircraft 609–47 cantilever wing 628 convertible
and hybrid 644 engines: gas turbines 39,
330, 333, 335–8, 634–40; piston 39, 319–
20; supercharged 316 jet-propelled 39, 634–
40 jet-supported 639–40 man-powered
646–7 military 628, 630, 632–3, 634, 990,
995, 998 petrol-engined 622–34
recreational 644–6 rocket-propelled 634,
635 ‘spy’ 1010 steam-powered 619–21
supersonic 39–40, 638–9 wing covering
(cellulose acetate) 218 wing shapes 635,
636 Wright brothers’ 39, 622–4 see also
airliners; airships; biplanes; gliders
aircraft carriers 535–6, 1002
aircraft detectors 995
airliners 629, 630–31, 634 jet 636–9 supersonic
39–40, 638–9
airships 614–17
Aisne-Marne Canal 488
Albati see nickel silver
alcohol 801
Aldine Press 671
Alecto (ship) 528
Alexandria: Pharos 542
alizarin 202
Alkali Act (1863) (UK) 222
Allegheny Portage Railroad 512
alloy steel 172–5

alloys aeronautical 116, 122, 143 age-hardening
121–3, 124, 126 brazing 80, 87, 96 cutlery
97, 98, 174–5 gilding metal 74 high-
temperature 124–8, 144 magnetic 137
single crystal 128 sintered 135–7
superconducting 144–5 see also under names of
metals
alphabet, evolution 667
Altair calculator kit 706
INDEX OF TOPICS
INDEX OF TOPICS
1034
alternate husbandry 779
alternating current 370–71, 372, 960 generators
362 motors 383 waveforms 377
alum 199–200
alumina 102
aluminium 102–113, 115 production: by
carbon reduction 106; by electrolysis 105,
107–11, 112–13, 224; by magnesium
reduction 106; by sodium reduction 104–
106, 109
aluminium alloys 106, 122–3, 418
American Civil War 533, 988–9, 992, 996–7
American System 407 see also mass production
Amerindians copper artefacts 48 platinum
artefacts 129
amino acids, selective herbicides 778
ammeter 375
ammonia manufacture 5, 223–4

ammunition anti-tank 994 chain-shot 981–2
conical 986–7 fin-stabilized 1009 grapeshot
982 hollow charge 1004 incendiary 995
rifle (Minié) ball 983–4 roundshot 981
shrapnel shell 986 tank-gun 1003 tracer 995
World War I 990
ampere balance 374
Amsterdam-Rhine Canal 491
Amtrak 598
analysis, chemical 179, 188, 189
Analytical Engine (Babbage) 31, 699–701
Anatolia copper artefacts 48, 50 lead
artefacts 68
anchors 540–41
Anderton lift 486
anglesite 68
aniline dyes 201–202, 907
animal husbandry 765 see also dairy farming
animal power 13, 260–69, 614, 765, 787–8,
870, 939–40
annealing, bronze 66
anodizing, titanium and titanium alloys 144
antifreeze 212
Antikythera gearing mechanism 17
Antoing-Pommeroeil Canal 493
Apollo space project 653–4, 661–2
aqua regia 220
aqualung 553
aquatints 678
aqueducts 19, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 485,

4 87, 4 97, 9 1 8
arable farming 767–87
arc lamps 362–5, 914
arc welding 418–19
arch 872–4 see also arcuated construction
arch bridges 462–3, 464–5
archaeological ages 5–6
Archimedean screw 19
architectural orders 858
Architecture Hydraulique (Bélidor) 233
arcuated construction 859
ard 769
Argentan see nickel silver
Argosy airliner 629
Ariane rocket 662, 748
armour early 968–9 Greek 970 half 978 horse
974 mediaeval 973 Norman 972 plate 973
World War I 991–2
armoured vehicles 978, 993, 1003, 1004
Aron meter 376
arquebus 977
arrows 968 fire 970 obsidian-headed 195 stone-
headed 11
arsenical copper 56–8, 61–2
Art du Tourneur, L’ (Plumier) 394
artificial intelligence 43
artificial silk 849
artillery 977–8, 980–81 anti-aircraft 995 friction
tube ignition 986 predicted fire 990 rifled
987, 988 role in World War I 989–91 self-

propelled 1004 sound ranging 990–91
ASCC (computer) 41, 702
ASCII codes 709
ashlar 860
asphalt 211
assembly line (cars) 413–14 see also mass
production
Assyrians chemical tablets 187 glass 16 pottery
glazes 191 pulley 18 warfare 969
astrolabe 694
astronomical instruments 24 see also telescopes
Athens: Parthenon 858, 859
atmospheric engine 33, 305
atmospheric rail traction 570–71
atomic clock 697
atomic energy 212–16
INDEX OF TOPICS
1035
atomic number 213
atomic structure 213
atomic theory 189, 212–13
atomic weapons 214, 1005–1008
atomic weights 213
Austin 7 car 452–3
Australopithecus 6
autobahns 437
autogiro 642
automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) 425, 426–8
automation 181, 425, 426–8, 796
automotive engines 453–6 see also internal

combustion engines; steam engines
aviation see aircraft
aviation fuel 317
axes copper 48, 50–51 Cretan double 62
Frankish weapon 972 stone 10, 967
axle 13, 16
azo dyes 202
Aztecs, use of rubber 216
azurite 52

Baie Verte Canal 509
Bakelite 218
balance beam 18
ball bearings, mass production 410
ball-point pen 669
ballistic missiles 1007
ballistics 982
ballistite 988
‘balloon barrage’ 613
balloons 609–14
band saw 418
barges 514–15
Barker’s Mill 243
barley 12, 764
Baroque architecture 880
barque 526
barrel vault 875, 879
BASIC computer language 706
basket grate 916
basketwork 15

bathing 917, 919
battering rams 969–70
battery (electrical) 41, 352–4 for vehicles 455,
458, 459
battery (hollow ware) 82
battle cruisers 535
battleships 534, 535, 996 pocket 324
bauxite 104 purification 111–12
bayonet 979
beam engine 275, 280–81
bearings ball, mass production 410 roller 413
sintered bronze 137
bell 65
Bellifortis (Kyeser) 648
bellows 13, 18
‘bends’ (compression sickness) 553
benzene 201, 208
beryllium and beryllium alloys 123–4
bevel gear 17
bibliographic databases 756
bicycles 37, 217, 442–7 mass production 409–10
biological pest control 777
biological warfare 1009
biplane 624, 626–8, 629, 632
bitumen 211, 220
Biwako Canal 506
Black Arrow rocket 662
Black Country 156
black powder see gunpowder
blacksmithing 17

blade tools copper 48, 62 stone 10
blankets, raising pile 818
blast furnace iron 149–51, 153, 154, 157–8,
160, 162–3, 178 zinc 94
blast furnace gas, engine fuel 314
blasting gelatine 190, 223
bleaching 205, 835
bleaching powder 205, 222, 835
bleu de Deck (glaze) 194
‘Blimp’ 615
Blitzkrieg concept 1002
block (pulley) 522 mass production 30, 398,
404–405
block printing 669 textiles 835 wallpaper 903
bloomery 149, 151
blowpipe 13
Blücher (locomotive) 560
‘blue whiteners’ 205
boat, electric 378, 380
Boeing 707 airliner 637
Boeing 747 airliner 637–8
Bombardier Français, Le (Bélidor) 982
INDEX OF TOPICS
1036
bombards 975 see also cannon
bomber aircraft 632–3
bombs 980, 1000
bone china 194
bone tools 9
boneshaker (bicycle) 443, 445

books illustration 673–4, 678–9 printing 671–2,
676–7 technological and practical 187, 232,
235–6, 242, 251, 265–6, 672
Boolean algebra 701
boot-making 854
Bordeaux mixture 777
boring machines 155–6, 396–7, 403, 415
boron 102
bottle 198
bottle jack 940
bow 9, 967–8, 969, 972 see also crossbow
bow-drill 9, 389
bow drives 389, 392
bowstring girder bridge 463
box girder bridge 464
brace, carpenter’s 26
braiding 820
braking systems coach 439 motor car 452
railway 580–81
Brandtaucher (ship) 537
brass 72–6, 79, 80, 81, 82–3, 84, 85–92 coinage
alloy 66 gears 17, 23
Brayton cycle 329
brazing alloys 80, 87, 96
breakwater 548
breech-loading gun 984, 987
brewing, fuels used in 207
brickmaking 868, 869–70
bricks 873 flooring 904 sun-dried 856
brickwork 866–9

bridges 462–7 arch 463–4, 464–5 bowstring
girder 463 box girder 464 cantilever 463–4,
883 clam 462 clapper 462, 859 glossary of
terms 466 iron 156, 463, 465, 893, 895
reinforced concrete 890–91 Roman 19,
462–3 suspension 465–6 transporter 496,
518
Bridgewater Canal 477, 482
brig 525
Brightray C alloys 125
Bristol: soap industry 204
Britannia (Ogilvy) 461
British plate see nickel silver
broaching machines 414
broadcloth 817, 818, 821
Brooklyn Bridge 465
bronze 57–66 aluminium 106, 109 Chinese 59,
63–5, 73, 79 gears 17 Grecian 62–3, 65–6
lead in 64–5, 76 patina 65 Roman 66, 67
sintered bearings 137
Bronze Age 57–63, 67, 69, 73 bridges 462 tools
388–9 weapons 388–9, 968
Browning automatic rifle 992
Brussels-Charleroi Canal 493
Brussels lace 848
brutalist architecture 891–2
bubble-car 449
bucket wheel excavator 471
building and architecture 22, 855–901
building materials bricks 856, 868, 869–70,

873, 904 concrete 886–8, 889; pre-cast 891;
pre-stressed 466, 891–3; reinforced 466,
859, 885, 889–91 earth 855–6 flint 856–7
iron 893–6 masonry 859–61 plastics 900
steel 859, 896–9 tiles 870–71, 885; floor 904
wood 856, 857, 861–6, 905, 906
bulldozer 471
Bunsen burner 210, 914
Bunsen cell 353
buoys mooring 541 navigational markers 542–
3
bureaufax 744
buses 457–8
butter churning machines 262, 269
butter-making 794
buttons 852
buttresses 876–9
Bydgoszcz Canal 505
Byzantine Empire 971 architecture 880

cables power transmission 371–2 ships’ 541
submarine telegraphy 715, 965
CAD (computer aided design) 425
calamine 75, 80, 81, 82, 83
calcium carbide 112
calculating devices 31, 398, 697–701, 702, 707
electronic 706 see also Analytical Engine,
Babbage, computers, Difference Engine
INDEX OF TOPICS
1037

Calder Hall nuclear power station 215
Caledonian (Great Glen) Canal 480–81
calico-printing machine 835
calipers 391, 417 gunner’s 25
calotype process 732
cam 25
CAM (computer aided manufacture) 425
camera obscura 730, 731
camouflage 991
Campbell Diagram 299
can opener 937
canal and river craft 514–15
Canal de Bourgogne 487
Canal de Briare 483
Canal de l’Est 488
Canal de Mons (Canal du Centre) 487, 493
Canal d’Entreroches 499–500
Canal des Houillères de la Sarre 488
Canal d’Orleans 486
Canal du Berry 517
Canal du Centre (Canal de Mons) 487, 493
Canal du Loing 486
Canal du Midi 484–5, 486, 516
Canal Lateral à la Garonne 485
canals 161, 439, 474–518 associated railway
construction 556 glossary of terms 517–18
irrigation 768 water power 241 see also
individual canal entries by location
candle-clock 22, 23
candles 912–13

canned food 798, 937
cannon 403
cannon borers 396–7
cantilever bridges 463–4, 883
cantilever construction 882–3
Cape Cod Canal 510
caracole (cavalry tactic) 977
carbide tools 135–7, 412, 417
carbine 979
carbon filament lamp 366, 368, 386
carbon paper 683
carburettor 310, 311, 454
carding 82, 809, 812
carding machines 830–31, 836–7
cargo handling 548, 549–50 see also
containerization
carnallite 114
Carnot cycle 343
carpenter’s tools 14–15, 17, 26
carpentum 438
carpet shampooer 927
carpet sweepers 924–5
carpets 905–906
weaving 812, 845–6, 905–906
carraca dormitoris 438
carrack 520
carriages 437–8, 440 steam-powered 35, 441–2
cartography 546
cartridges 979, 984
carving, cave 11

caschrom 13
casein plastics 218
cassiterite 58, 60
cast-iron 18, 85, 149–53, 168 gears 17 gun
barrels 987 millwork 238 rails 161, 556
water pipes 954
Castile Canal 505
casting bronze 61–2, 64–5 continuous 177, 179–
80 copper 49–51, 62, 67–8 ploughshares
771
castle 974
Catal Hüyük 50, 68
catalysts 222 Haber process 224 hydrochloric
acid oxidation 222 hydrogenation of oils
190 catalysts—cont petroleum re-forming
platforming 212 sulphur dioxide oxidation
222–3
catapult 969
caterpillar track 472
cathedrals 22 treadwheels 263–4
cathode ray tube 377, 744–5
cathodic protection 144
caustic soda, manufacture 225
cavalry 979, 988 Assyrian 969 Byzantine 971
caracole tactic 977 Hun 971
cave art 11, 686
CD see compact disc
ceilings 903
cells, electric 352–4
Celluloid 217

cellulose acetate 217–18
cellulose nitrate 217, 218
cement 466, 887, 888–9
central heating 917
INDEX OF TOPICS
1038
Central Pacific Railroad 574, 579–80
Centurion tank 1003
ceramics 190–95 tools 412
cereals cultivation 764, 769 harvesting 779–83
storage 799–801 yields 800
cerussite 69, 71
Chaff (radar jamming system) 1000
chain cable 541
chain mail 968
chain shot 981–2
Chalcolithic Age 48, 52
chalcopyrite 55, 70
Channel Tunnel 470
charcoal 206 use in smelting 52, 60, 149, 152,
153, 154, 155
chariots 438, 969
charka (spinning wheel) 813
Charlotte Dundas (ship) 527
charts 546
chauffeur (origin of term) 460
cheese-making 794–5
Chemical Essays (Watson) 88
chemical industry 189–90
Chemical Manipulation (Faraday) 352

chemical milling 419
chemical weapons gas 992–3, 998, 1009 Greek
Fire 971
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal 510
Chesapeake and Raritan Canal 510
chimney crane 939
chimneys 22
China, Ancient bellows 18 bronze 59, 63–5, 73,
79 building and architecture 868 canals 475
cantilever bridges 463 cast iron 18 cereal
storage 799 clocks 392, 694, 695 fire 7
gunpowder 19 optical glass 197 paktong 80
paper 18–19, 667 plough mouldboard 770
pottery and porcelain 192 rockets 648
scythe 780 steel 18 terrace field systems 767
umbrella 853 voice reproduction 720
weapons 974 writing (ideograms) 15, 667
zinc 78–9, 80
‘china ware’ 194
chisel 146
chlorate match 912
chlorine manufacture 222 uses: in bleaching
205; in water treatment 953 weapon 992
chromium alloys high-temperature 125, 126–7
nichrome 386
chronometer 544, 696
chrysocolla 52
cider mill 260
cinematography film 218 see also motion
pictures

Cistercians 232
Citroën cars 452, 453
cladding materials 861, 900
clam bridges 462
clapper bridges 462, 859
clay 190–91
Clean Air Acts (US) 319
cleaning 922–8
Clermont (ship) 35, 527
clipper ships 524, 525
clocks 22–4, 392, 694–7 atomic 697 candle 22,
23 electric 696 gears 17 pendulum 23–4
water 16, 22–3, 392, 694 see also
chronometers
close stool 921
clothes press 931–2
clothing manufacture 850–51
coaches 438–9, 440, 562, 963–4
Coade stone 871–2
coal 207–208 canal transport 477 heating fuel
915–16 ships’ fuel 529 smelting and
refining fuel 83, 84, 153, 157
coal gas 40, 161, 208–10, 957–9
coal gas balloons 612
coal gas engines 305–307, 310, 314
coal mining 207–208, 555, 559, 560
coal tar 201, 208
Coalbrookdale 154, 155, 156, 157, 207, 465,
556, 559, 893
coastguard service 539–40

cobalt alloys high-temperature 127–8 magnetic
137
cobalt glazes 192
COBOL computer language 704
cochineal 200
code-breaking machines 422, 701–702, 1001
Codice Atlantico (Leonardo da Vinci) 390
coffer dams 19, 462–3
cog 520
cog and rung gears 269
INDEX OF TOPICS
1039
coinage metals brass 66, 75, 76 cupro-nickel 97,
99 nickel silver 98–9 paktong 97 zinc 78–9
coins 27–8, 71
coke 85, 153–4, 157, 207
collodion process 733
Colossus code-breaking machine 701–702
colour motion pictures 723, 742
colour photography 735–6
colour printing 681–2
colour television 745, 746
Columbian printing press 675
combine harvester 781, 786–7
combing (textile fibres) 809
combing machines 839–40
Comet (ship) 35, 537
Comet airliner 637
communications satellites 657, 746–8, 965–6
commutator 3 57

compact disc (CD) 725, 755–6
comparators 406, 421
compass gyro 545 magnetic 21, 350, 545
Complete Course of Lithography, A (Ackermann)
678
component interchangeability 29–30, 405–406,
771, 983
composite materials 138
compound steam engines 278–9, 284–5, 530,
581–2
compression ignition engines 310, 321–5, 454
marine 323–5, 531, 532 see also diesel
engines
compression sickness 553
computer aided design (CAD) 425
computer aided manufacture (CAM) 425
computer assisted learning (instruction) 754
computer graphics 702, 709
computer integrated manufacturing 427
computer languages 704, 705–706
computers 41–2, 701–703 applications: in
printing 681; in public services 966; in
steel-making 181–2; in war 1010 data
storage and retrieval systems 707, 751,
752–6 fifth generation 43 interactive
terminals 704 laptop 709–10 mainframe
703–705, 707; time-sharing 704–705
mainframe—micro communication 708–10
micro705–708 mini705 operation and
programming 703–705 precursor 31 remote

job entry 704
Concorde aircraft 40, 639
concrete 886–8, 889 pre-cast 891 pre-stressed
466, 891–3 reinforced 466, 859, 885, 889–91
concrete bridges 466
concrete roads 437
Constellation airliner 634
contact materials (electrical) 133, 138
container ships 532
containerization 477, 550, 601
controls machine tool 421–3 steel strip
thickness 181
cooking 93 8–47 with electricity 373, 944–6
with gas 210, 942–4, 958 with microwaves
946–7 pressure 946 with solid fuel 940–42
Copernicus satellite 658
copper 12–13, 47–57, 68 arsenical 56–8, 61–2
cold-forged native 47–9 melted and cast
native 49–51 mining 51, 67, 79–80, 82
refining 84, 85 separation from nickel 100
ships’ hull protection 524 smelted 51–5
Copper Age 5, 48, 51–2, 55
copper alloys 123, 124 see also arsenical copper;
brass; bronze; cupro-nickel; gilding metal;
Monel metal; paktong
coppersmith’s tongs 15
copying machines 683–4, 736
corbelling 882–3
cordite 988
Corinth Canal 501

Corliss engines 282–3, 285
corn mills animal-powered 230, 262–3, 265,
266 automatic 30–31 drive mechanisms 26
gears 17 steam-powered 257 text-book 238
water-powered 233 wind-powered 245–8,
250–51
Cornish engines 277–8
Cornwall (locomotive) 569
Corporal missile 1007
corrosion prevention see cathodic protection;
galvanizing
corrugated iron 95–6, 180
corvette 536
Côteau du Lac Canal 506
cotton 804, 807–808, 833–4 bleaching 83 5
carding 836–7 cleaning and opening
INDEX OF TOPICS
1040
machines 835–6 combing 840 mercerized
849 sizing 842–3 spinning 824–5, 837–8
cotton mill, horse-driven 266
counting 686, 697–8
County of York (ship) 286
Coventry bicycle industry 445 motor cycle
industry 448
crane 19, 549 treadwheel 264
crank 25–6, 276, 390 bell 269
cream separator 794
creep (metals) 299
Crete bronze artefacts 62 building and

architecture 857–8
Crimean War 533
crimping devices 933
Crinan Canal 481
cristallo glass 196
crop rotation 21, 779
crossbow 25, 972–3
crucible furnace 50, 60
crucible steel 159–60, 397
crucibles, Bronze Age 60–61
cruck building 861–2
cruise missiles 1007–1008
cruisers 534, 536
cryolite 104, 105, 107–108, 109
Crystal Palace 895, 899
crystal radio sets 726
cubit 391
cuneiform script 15, 666
cuprite 52
cupro-nickel alloys 97, 98, 99, 101, 124
curfew 911
Curtis turbines 293–4
cutlery alloys 97, 98, 174–5
cutting tools sintered carbide 135–7 steel 159,
174, 412 tungsten alloy 412 water-powered
manufacture of 240 see also drills; lathes; etc.
cyclopean masonry construction 860
cylinder boring machine 397
Cyprus: copper artefacts 73


2,4-D 778
Dacron 220, 850
daguerreotypes 732–3, 735
dairy farming 791–6
Dalsland Canal 502
dams canal reservoir 484, 507 coffer 19, 462–3
river impoundment 951–2, 955
Daniell cell 353
Danube river, canalization 504
data storage and retrieval systems 707, 751,
752–6
database, bibliographic 756
Dataplatter system 750
davits 540
Daylight trains 597
daymarks 543
DDT 776–7
De Architectura (Vitruvius) 230, 864
De Magnete (Gilbert) 41, 350
De Motu Animalium (Borelli) 646
De Re Metallica (Agricola) 14, 196, 232, 233,
264–5
De Rerum Natura (Lucretius) 212
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (Copernicus)
672
Decca navigator 546
decimalization 401, 403
Delaware and Hudson Canal 511–12
delftware 192
demotic script 667

depth charge 535, 997–8, 1001
depth sounding 544–5
derrick 211, 549
desalination plant 955
destroyers 534–5, 536
detergents, synthetic 204–205
detonators 988
diamond drill bits 212
diamond mining 267
Dictionnaire de Chimie (Macquer) 129–31
diesel engines 310, 311–14 marine 531, 532 see
also under locomotives
Difference Engines (Babbage) 31, 699, 701
Differential Analyzer (Bush) 750
diffraction gratings 423
digital watches 697
‘dinanderie’ 81
diode valve 41, 720, 726
direct current 370, 372 generators 356–62
motors 383
directed energy weapons 1010
directional solidification (alloys) 127
INDEX OF TOPICS
1041
dishwashers 927–8
Dismal Swamp Canal 510
distaff 809
dividers 391
dividing engine 394, 395
diving 553

Dneiper river, canalization 503–504
dobby 844
docks dry 551–2 wet 548
dockyards, naval 552
dog grates 916
dog-powered treadmill 269
dog turnspit 939–40
Dolby noise reduction system 724
dolomite 119, 120, 170, 195
domes 879–82
donkey power 230
Dortmund-Ems Canal 496–7, 498
Doxford engine 325
dragline excavators 471
dragoons 979
drainage mills, wind-powered 249–50
drains sewage disposal 956–7 soil 771, 782
surface water 955–6
Draisine (bicycle) 442
draw boy loom 816
drawing frame 831–2
dreadnought 535
dredgers 550–51
drilling oilfield 211–12 ultrasonic 419
drilling machines, controls for 422, 424
drills bow 9 compressed air 469 rocking 389
tungsten steel 174
drive mechanisms 25
drop-valves 282
dry-cleaning 208, 854

dry-stone construction 859–60
drying (laundry) 931
ducted fan engines see turbofan engines
Duke of Argyle (ship) 35
dump truck 471
duplicator, stencil 683
Duralumin (alloy) 122
Dutch loom 820
dyers’ weed see weld dyestuffs 199–203,
907
dynamite 190, 223, 988

Eagle (ship) 537
ear trumpet 687
earth closet 922
earth construction 855–6
earthmoving machinery 470–72
Ebbw Vale 158, 163, 181
Echo I satellite 657, 747
echo-sounder (sonar) 536, 545, 998
EDVAC 702
Eddystone lighthouse 542, 888
Edison effect 720, 726
Eemskanaal 492
Egyptians, Ancient arch 462 armour 968 art
(profile convention) 15 boats 520 bronze
artefacts 59, 62 building and architecture
18, 856, 857, 872, 887 Egyptians, Ancient—
cont canals 474–5 chicken-rearing 796
cleansing agents 203 copper artefacts 12,

50, 56, 59, 62 copper smelting and refining
54 dairy farming 791 dyeing 199, 200 fuels
206 glass 16, 195 glues 220 iron artefacts
18 irrigation 767 lathe 389 lead artefacts 69
machines 17–18 obelisks 13 pottery glaze
191 river impoundment 952 silver artefacts
70 standards of length 18, 391 weapons 969
welding 417 writing 666–7
Eiffel Tower 894
Eisernen Wasserräder (Henne) 242
El Gobernador (locomotive) 580
elastic fabrics 853
Elbaski Canal 504
Elbe-Havel Canal 495
Elbe Seiten Canal 498
Elbe-Trave Canal 494
electric arc 352 see also arc lamps; arc welding
electric arc furnace 106, 176, 182
electric boats and ships 378, 380, 531
electric cells 352–4
electric clock 696
electric cookers 373, 944–6
electric current measurement 374–5 see also
alternating current; direct current
electric heating 916–17
electric iron 934
electric lighting 41, 358, 360, 369, 386–7, 914–
15, 959, 961