MODEL
TEST
6IREAOING
SECTION
421
39.
Directions
: Complete
the
table
by
matching
the
phrases on
the
left with the headings
on
the right. Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the advantages
or
dis-
advantages of group decision making.
TWO
01
the answer choices will
NOT
be
used. Thfs
questfon
Is
wot1h 4
poInt.

_
To
delete an answer choice, click on
it
To
see the passage,
dick
on View Text.
Answer
Choices
!AI
Sometimes a strong leader
will
dominate the group.
IBl
Sometimes personal objectives
dictate
the
outcome.
~
Most of
the
lime people are
happier
with the decision.
IDI
It
Is
usually possible
to gather

more
data.
lEI
It will probably lake much
longer
to arrive
at
a decision.
IE]
The group may tend to make
decisions
based
on
friendship.
IGi
Discussion is required belore
a
decision is made.
IBl
Implementation
Is
often much
easier after
the decision.
rn
A group member may disagree
with the majority opinion.
Advantages
•
•

•
D
isa
dvanlltges
•
•
•
•
ngh
eel
aler
4
22
MORE
M
OD
EL TESTS
PART
III
Readl., 4 "
Four
Stages
of
,,.,,.,.,
IIereftlflllllt"
Planetary
Develo
pment
-+
In

our
study
01
the planet Earth,
we
will find a
fo
ur-stage hlstOlY of planetary
develOpmen
t.
The moon and all the terrestrial planets have passed through
these stages, although differences
In
the way the planets were altered by these
stages have produced dramatically different worlds.
The moon, f
or
example, is
much like Earth, but its evolution has been dramatically altered by
its
smaller
size. As we e)(plore the
solar
system, we will
discover
not
entir
ely
new
processes but rather familiar effects working in slightly different ways.

The
Four
Stages
The lirst stage 01 planetary evolution is differentiation, the separation
of
malerlal accordlno 10 density. Earth now has a dense
co
re and a Iower-denslty
crust,
and that structure must have originated very early.
Differentiation
would have occurred easily II Earth were molten when it was
young. Two sources
01
heat could have heated Earth. First, heat of formallon
would
be
created
by
in-falling material. A meteodte hitting Earth at high velOcity
co
nverts most
of!tii
energy
of
motion into heat, and the in-falling of a large num-
ber of meteorites
could release
tr
emendous heat.

liiil
~
.may
liiii
be r~
A second source of heat requires
more time to develop. The
decay
of
radioactive elements trapped in the Earth
releases heat
gradually;
but
, as soon as Earth formed, thai heat would have
begun to accumulate and could have
helped melt Earth to facilitate differentia-
tion.
Mosl
of
Earth·s radioactive elements are
now
concentrated in the crust,
where th
ey
continue to
warm
and soften the rock layers.
Earth formed
by
male

rial falling together, but meteoriles could have
le
ft no
trace untit a crust solidified. Once Ea
r1h
had a hard surface, the meteorites
co
uld lorm craters. This second stage in planetary evolution,
cm
tering, was vio-
lent. The heavy bombardment was intense because the solar nebula was filled
wilh rocky and icy debris, and the young Earth was battered
by
meteodtes that
'Mei:iZifSl
; the newly lorming crust. The largest meteorites blasted out crat
er
basins hundreds
01
kilometers in diameter. As the solar nebula cleared, the
amount of debris decreased, and the
level
of
craterlng fell to its present
low
level. Although meteorites still occasionally strike Earth and dig craters, craler-
ing is
no longer the
ijQffi!iJIm
in

fluence on Earth's geology.
As
we compare
other
worlds with Earth,
we
will discover \faces 01 this intense period
01
crater-
ing, the heavy bombardment, on every
old surface
in
the solar system.
)pyngh!ed
maken
11
424
MORE
M
OD
EL
TESTS
4t
,
The
word
its
In the passage refers to
CD
meteorite

<D Earth
<:t>
velocity
<D
motion
42. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement
in
the
possogo?
Tho
other cholcos chnngo tho moaning
Of
Ioavo
out
Impoflantlnformalion.
CD The Earth was probably liquid because the heat collected faster than it disSipated if
the formation took place quickly.
<D Because of the rapid formation
of
the Earth, the crust
took
a long time to cool befClfe it
became a solid.
<:t>
The liquid core of the Earth was created when the planet first formed because the heat
was so high
and there
was
little cooling.
IJt)

The
cooling caused the Earth
10
form much more quickly as It met with the Inlense
heat 01 the new planet.
43.
The
word pulverized In Ihe passage
Is
closest In meaning
10
CD
melted Inlo liquid
<J)
broken inlo small parts
<D
frozen very hard
<D
washed very clean
44
. What can be inferred about radioactive matter?
CD
It is revealed by later activity.
<J)
It generates Intense heat.
<:t>
It
is
an important stage.
<D

II
fractures the planet's crust.
45. The word dominant In the passage is closest In meaning to
CD
most limited
<J)
most likely
<:t>
most rapid
<lD
most important
)pynghlOO
maier I
"28
MORE
MOOEL
TESTS
52.
DIrectIons
:
An
introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete
the summary by selecting the THREE answer
choices that mention the most important
points in the passage. Some sentences
do
not belong in the summary because they
express ideas
thaI are not included in the passage
Of

are minor points from the passage.
This
que'tlon
I,
worth 2 points.
There
are
four
stages
of
development
for
the
terrestrial
pia
fleW.
•
•
•
Answer
ChoIces
IaJ
All rocky planets go t
hrough
different
stages in their evolution because of
vari·
ations in composition.
[Ill About three quarters
01

the surface 01 the
Earth is submerged
by
the water in lIs
oceans.
IBl
In
spite of several unique features, the
Earth
is
a good example of
how
a planet
proceeds through the stages.
~
Fewer meteorites fall to Earth
now
than
in
the
ea
rlier stages
01
the planet's evolu·
tiemary history.
Rad/",5
""ch

trrttl.,"
lEI

DlHerentla\lon and cratering are early
stag
es
that are
in
fluenced by in-falling
meteorites.
lEI
Flooding includes
bol
h lava and waler,
while slow surface evolution causes
shifting
In
the crust.
II
is
a widely held misconception that writing
is
more perfect than speech. To
many people, writing somehow seems more
correct and more stable, whereas
speech
can be careless. corrupted,
and
susceplible
10
change.
Some
people

even
go
so far
as
to identity language with writing and to regard speech as a
secondary form of language used
imperfectly to
~
the ideals of the
written
language.
-+
One
of the basic assumptions of modern linguistics, however, is that
speech is
primary and writing Is secondary. The most immeaiate manitestation
of language
is
speech and not writing. Writing is simply the representation of
speech In another physical medium. Spoken language encodes thought Into a
physically transmittable form,
while writing, in tum, encodes spoken language
into a physically
pr
eservable form. Writing
is
a two-stage process. All units of
writing, whether letters or characters, are based on units
01
speech,

i.e., words,
sounds,
or
syllables. When linguists study language, they take the spoken Ian·
MODEL TEST 6IREAOING SECTION 421
57.
TIle
word deliberation in the passage is closest in meaning to
CD
wor1l.
<I>
thought
CO
time
<J) intelligence
58
. Why does Ihe author mention Mark Twain and John Sieinbeck
in
paragraph 7?
a:>
To
demonstrate that speech cannot
be
transcribed
<I>
To
provide examples
of
two good writing styles
<X'>

To
prove that a nonstandard variety can
be
written
(l1)
To
conlrast varieties of speech l
or
their characters
Paragraph 7 is
mar1l.ed
with an arrow [
-+
).
59. The word transient
in
the
pa
ssage is closesl in meaning to
a:>
unimportant
<I>
temporary
<0
Interesting
(l1)
clear
60
. According
10

paragraph 7, whal is true about spelling?
Q)
Spelling does not change from one geographical region to another.
<I>
Brit
is
h and American spellings are more similar than pronunciation.
<0
Pronunciation in English is not related to spelling changes.
(l1)
Changes in spelling are occasionally Initiated because of speech.
Paragraph 71s marked with
an
arrow
1-+
1.
61
.
The
phrase this possib
ili
ty in the passage refers to
Q)
writing could also change
<I>
the changes of speech
<0
people try to carry out
<n>
spelling relonns Illustrate

62. Which of the following statements most closely represents the author's opinion?
<D
Speech and writing have historical similarities.
<I>
Standard speech is the best model
lor
writing.
(D
Writing is not more perfect than speech.
~
Writing shoukl
nol
c
hange
like sptM;l1 does.
MODEL
TEST
M.ISTENING S
ECTION
431
LISTENING
SECTION
•
(}
Model Test 6,
listening
Section,
CD
8, Track 5, continued on
CD

9, Track 1
The
Listening section tests
your
ability to understand spoken English
that
is
typical
of
interac-
tions
and
academic
speech
on
college campuses_
O1 lring
the
test,
you
wi
ll
r
espond
to
conver-
sations
and
lectures_
This

Is
the
short format
for
the
listening section.
On
the
short
format,
you
will
respond
to
two
conversations
and
fou
r lectu
res
. After
each
liste
n
ing
passage,
yoo
will
answer 5-6 questions
about

it.
You
will
hear each conversation or lecture
one
time.
You
may
take
ootes while
you
listen,
bu
t
notes are
oot
graded.
You
may
use
your
notes 10 answer
the
questions.
Choose
the
best answer lor multiple-choice
quesUons.
Follow
the directions

on
the
page or
on
the
screen
lor
compu
ter-assisted questions. Click
on
Next
and
OK
to
go
to th
e next question.
You
cannot
re
l
um
to previous questions.
You
have
20-30 minutes to answer all
01
the
ques-
tions. A clock

on
the
screen
will
show
you
how
much
t
ime
you
have to complete
your
answers
lor
the
section.
The
clock does not count
the
time
you
are
listening
to
the
conversations
and
lectures.
)pynghled

maken
II
432
MORE
MOOEL
TESTS
PART!
'
1. Why does the man go to see his professor?
<l)
To
borrow some books
for
his project
(J)
To
hand In the
fi
rst book report
<0
To
ask about the professor's requirements
<D
To
talk about literary movements
2, H
ow
Is the second part of
the
reading list different from the first part?

<l)
More minority authors are represented.
(])
All of the w
ri
ters are from North America.
<D
\I
includes books from the Post Modem Period.
<D
In additi
on
to novels, soma plays are on the list.
3. What does the man mean when he says this: 0
CD
He does n
ot
understand the term.
(])
He is interested in the
klea
.
<0
He is not sure how to pronounce
it
<D
He thinks that the word
is
humorous.
r h a r