Peterson’s master toefl vocabulary part 2 pdf
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viii Before You Begin
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Bonus Information
As you work your way through the book, keep your eyes on the margins to find the following:
NOTE
Notes highlight critical information about improving your vocabulary.
TIP
Tips draw your attention to valuable concepts, advice, and shortcuts for tackling the
harder vocabulary words.
Summing It Up
The review chapter ends with a point-by-point summary that captures the most
important concepts. They are a convenient way to review the chapter’s key points.
Practice Tests
The three practice tests, including the diagnostic test, are designed to help you prepare
with little anxiety.
YOU’RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO SUCCESS
The TOEFL tests your vocabulary with “vocabulary-in-context” questions in which you
must determine the meaning of words as used in a specific sentence, as well as indirectly
through the use of reading comprehension passages and questions. The more words you
know, the better your chances of narrowing down the choices to the correct one.
Peterson’s Master TOEFL Vocabulary will help you to fine tune your vocabulary skills.
GIVE US YOUR FEEDBACK
Peterson’s publishes a full line of resources to help guide international students through
the college admission process.
We welcome any comments or suggestions you may have about this publication and
invite you to complete our online survey at www.petersons.com/booksurvey. Or you can
fill out the survey at the back of this book, tear it out, and mail it to us at:
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Your feedback will help us to provide personalized solutions for your educational
advancement.
00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 8/9/06, 10:138
Before You Begin ix
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TOP 10 STRATEGIES TO RAISE YOUR SCORE
1. As with other sections of the TOEFL, be familiar with the directions and examples
so you can begin work immediately.
2. For each passage, begin by briefly looking over the questions (but not the answer
choices). Try to keep these questions in mind during your reading.
3. Scan passages to find and highlight the important facts and information.
4. Read each passage at a comfortable speed.
5. Answer the questions, referring to the passage when necessary.
6. Eliminate answers that are clearly wrong or do not answer the question. If more
than one option remains, guess.
7. Mark difficult or time-consuming answers so that you can come back to them later
if you have time.
8. Timing is an important factor. Don't spend more than 10 minutes on any one reading
and the questions about it.
9. Concentration is another important factor. The reading section is one of the longer
sections of the test. Your practice and hard work will help you.
10. Relax the night before the exam.
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P
ART I
TOEFL VOCABULARY
BASICS
CHAPTER 1 All About TOEFL Vocabulary
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chapter 1
3
All About TOEFL
Vocabulary
OVERVIEW
• Vocabulary on the TOEFL
• Strategies for learning and remembering new words
• Summing it up
VOCABULARY ON THE TOEFL
TOEFL vobabulary questions ask you to identify the meanings of words and phrases
that appear in the reading passages. The words and phrases that are tested are
important to understanding the entire passage, and, for the most part, you will have
to figure out their meanings. On the TOEFL iBT, however, if there are technical or
unusual words in the passage, you will see the definition presented in a box.
STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING AND REMEMBERING NEW
WORDS
Read
Reading is probably the single best way to improve your vocabulary. When you’re
preparing for the TOEFL, read materials that contain the words that you are
most likely to encounter.
Use a Dictionary and Thesaurus
If you’re serious about improving your testworthy vocabulary, you must have
(and use!) a good dictionary. (A good thesaurus also helps a lot, but more on that
later.) A dictionary is an alphabetical reference list of the words in the language.
01_TOEFL Vocab,Ch1,1-18 8/4/06, 12:283
4PART I: TOEFL Vocabulary Basics
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A dictionary entry always includes the following components:
• Spelling
• Pronunciation
• Part(s) of speech
• Irregular forms of the word
• Definition
• Etymology (the derivation and development of words)
An entry may also contain synonyms and antonyms of the word; prefixes, suffixes, and
other elements in word formation; and abbreviations.
Most people think that all dictionaries are the same. After all, all dictionaries are chock
full of words listed in alphabetical order. They all have pronunciation guides, word
definitions, and word histories. However, all dictionaries are not the same. Different
types of dictionaries fit different needs.
For example, dictionaries have been written just for scholars who research the history
of language. The most famous scholarly dictionary is The Oxford English Dictionary. An
unabridged dictionary, the OED (as it’s often called) contains more than 500,000
entries. Don’t rush right out to buy one to stash in your bookcase, however, because the
OED now contains about 60 million words in 20 volumes. If shelf space is an issue and
you simply can’t live without an OED, however, online and CD-ROM versions are
available from www.oed.com.
Dictionaries have been created just for adults, college students, high school students,
and elementary school students, too. The following list includes the bestselling general
dictionaries and the Web addresses for the online versions, when available:
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Houghton Mifflin Co.:
www.bartleby.com/61)
• Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, Inc.: www.m-w.com/
dictionary.htm)
• Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
• The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford University Press, Inc.)
• The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, Inc.)
• Webster’s New World College Dictionary (Hungry Minds, Inc.)
Which dictionary should you purchase and use? Since more than 30,000 dictionaries are
currently offered for sale online, you’ve got some shopping to do. Here’s what you need:
• A dictionary that contains all the words that you are likely to encounter on
standardized tests. This will most likely be the same dictionary that you can use
in college, in your personal life, and in your professional life.
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