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<b>Ha Noi University of Science and Technology </b>

<b>School of Applied Mathematics and lnformatics </b>

<b>REPORT </b>

<b>MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS </b>

<b>Full names and Students ID</b>: Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến 20227274 (Leader) Dương Anh Vũ 20227187

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1._{What is Management Information System? ... 4}

2. Components of the Management Information System. ... 5

3. Objectives of the Management Information System. ... 6

4. Characteristics of the Management Information System. ... 7

<b>Part III - Overview of Career Path Management Information System ... 9 </b>

1._{ERP system: ... 9}

2._{Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence Systems ... 11}

3._{CRM system: ... 14}

4._{Supply Chain Management (SCM) ... 16}

<b>Part IV - Job Location and Job Opportunity Market ... 18 </b>

1._{System Consulting Career Path. ... 18}

2._{System Implementation Career Path. ... 19}

3._{System Operation Career Path. ... 20}

4. Career path to exploit the system. ... 21

5. Information Systems Auditing Career Path. ... 21

<b>Part V - Is Computer and Information Systems Management the right career path for you? ... 23 </b>

1. What skills are required for Computer and Information Systems Managers? ... 23

2. What knowledge is needed to be a Computer and Information Systems Manager? ... 25

3. Work Styles ... 26

<b>Part VI - Regular Education Program of Management of System in Hanoi University of Science and Technology ... 28 </b>

<b>Part VII - Summary ... 32 </b>

<b>Part VIII - MIS Graduate Salary ... 34 </b>

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<b>Part I - PREFACE </b>

In today's technologically developed society, along with rapid economic development and increasingly fierce competition between businesses, a business's sustainability depends on many factors both internal and external. One of the most important factors mentioned is how to manage business data and how to determine business goals and reasonable solutions to bring maximum benefits to businesses. Therefore, the role of information systems in enterprises is increasingly important, not only to support some office activities but also play a strategic role to in the business. It related each stage is toof organizing, operating and arrangingthe policies and regulations of an organization in the most accurate way. Functional management information system is designed to collect, process, provide information, and support decision-making by function, including production and business management information system, financial - accounting information systems, marketing information systems, human resource management information systems, leadership and decision support information systems.

Thus, we realize that the role of management information systems in business is extremely important. In the report, we will delve deeper into the concepts related to management information systems, career orientation as well as the labor market and job opportunities, the knowledge and skills required in the industry.

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<b>Part II - Management Information System - The intersection of Technology and Business. 1. What is Management Information System?</b>

A management information system, or MIS, is a data-driven field that focuses on organizing a company's data and using it to make informed decisions. The more complex a company's operations are, the more complex itsMIS likely tois be. An MIS is used to significantly improve the efficiency of report generation and data analysis by taking the information gathered by various members of staff and storing it in a uniform and accessible manner.

A management information system is used to monitor real-time results, changes in productivity over time and even to answer questions or provide data as a reaction to current needs. Although decision-making professionals are more likely to regularly make use of an MIS, it is common for most employees provide data or access reports tofrom an MIS. IT professionals typically maintaining these systems is sincethey operate using cloud technology.

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<b>2. Components of the Management Information System.</b>

A management information system is made up of five major components namely people, business processes, data, hardware, and software. All of these components must work together to achieve business objects.

People these are the users who use the information system to record the day to day –business transactions. The users are usually qualified professionals such as accountants, human resource managers, etc. The ICT department usually has the support staff who ensure that the system is running properly.

Business Procedures – these are agreed upon best practices that guide the users and all other components on how to work efficiently. Business procedures are developed by the people i.e. users, consultants, etc.

Data – the recorded day to day business transactions. For a bank, data is collected from activities such as deposits, withdrawals, etc.

Hardware – hardware is made up of the computers, printers, networking devices, etc. The hardware provides the computing power for processing data. It also provides networking and printing capabilities. The hardware speeds up the processing of data into information.

Software – these are programs that run on hardware. The software is broken down into two major categories, namely system software and applications software. System software refers to the operating system i.e., Windows, Mac OS, and Ubuntu, etc. Applications software refers to specialized software for accomplishing business tasks such as a payroll program, banking system, point of sale system, etc.

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Data Capturing

Storage of Information

Dissemination of Information

<b>3. Objectives of the Management Information System.</b>

MIS capture data from various internal and external sources of the organization. Data capturing may be manual or through computer terminals.

The captured data is processed to convert into the required information. Processing of data is done by such activities as calculating, sorting, classifying, and summarizing.

MIS stores the processed or unprocessed data for future use. If any information is not immediately required, it is saved as an organization record, for later use.

MIS retrieves information from its stores as and when required by various users.

Information, which is a finished product of MIS, is disseminated to the users in the organization. It is periodic or online through a computer terminal.

Retrieval of InformationProcessing of Data

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System Approach

Management Oriented

Need-Based

<b>4. Characteristics the Management Information System.of </b>

What is MIS Characteristic? MIS plays a very important role in every aspect of an organization. These characteristics are generic in nature.

Following are the characteristics of MIS:

The information system follows a System’s approach. The system’s approach implies a holistic approach to the study of system and its performance in the light for the objective for which it has been constituted.

The top-down approach must be followed while designing the MIS. The top-down approach suggests that the system development starts from the determination of management needs and overall business objectives.

The MIS development plan should be derived from the overall business plan. Management oriented characteristic of MIS also implies that the management actively directs the system development efforts.

MIS design and development should be as per the information needs of managers at different levels, strategic planning level, management control level and operational control level. In other words, MIS should cater to the specific needs of managers in an organization’s hierarchy.

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Besides exception-based reporting, MIS should also look at the future. In other words, MIS should not merely provide past or historical information; rather it should provide

information, on the basis of projections based on which actions may be initiated. Integration is a necessary characteristic of a management information system. Integration is significant because of its ability to produce more meaningful information.

For example, in order to develop an effective production scheduling system, it is necessary to balance such factors as setup costs, Workforce, Overtime rates, Production capacity, Inventory level, Capital requirements and Customer services.

MIS is developed over relatively long periods. Such a system does not develop overnight. A heavy element of planning is involved. The MIS designer must have the future objectives and needs of the company in mind.

The process of MIS development is quite complex and one is likely to lose insight frequently. Thus, the system, though viewed as a single entity, must be broken down into digestible sub-systems which are more meaningful at the planning stage.

A central database is a mortar that holds the functional systems together. Each system requires access to the master file of data covering inventory, personnel, vendors, customers, etc. It seems logical to gather data once, validate it properly and place it on a central storage medium, which can be accessed by any other subsystem.

Sub-System Concept Exception Based

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<b>1. ERP system:</b>

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a process used by companies to manage and integrate the important parts of their businesses. Many ERP software applications are important to companies because they help them implement resource planning by integrating all of the processes needed to run their companies with a single system. An ERP software system can also integrate planning, purchasing inventory, sales, marketing, finance, human resources, and more.

•<b>_Typesof ERP by implementation</b>

<b>On-premise ERP </b>

On-premise ERP is a traditional form of ERP deployed in your data center at your chosen locations.

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- Ideal for companies with multiple locations

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<b>Open-source ERP </b>

Open-source ERP refers to flexible ERP solutions like combining Magento extensions into an ERP software to:

- Customize to better fit your business

- Allow you to test, change, and enhance your ERP source code

<b>2. Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence Systems:</b>

•<b>_{What Is Data Warehousing?}</b>

Data warehousing is the secure electronic storage of information by a business or other organization. The goal of data warehousing is to create a trove of historical data that can be retrieved and analyzed to provide useful insight into the organization's operations.

Data warehousing is a vital component of business intelligence. That wider term encompasses the information infrastructure that modern businesses use to track their past successes and failures and inform their decisions for the future. Data warehousing is the storage of information over time by a business or other organization.

New data is periodically added by people in various key departments such as marketing and sales.

The warehouse becomes a library of historical data that can be retrieved and analyzed in order to inform decision-making in the business.

The key factors in building an effective data warehouse include defining the information that is critical to the organization and identifying the sources of the information.

A database is designed to supply real-time information. A data warehouse is designed as an archive of historical information.

•<b>_{How Data Warehousing Works}</b>

The need to warehouse data evolved as businesses began relying on computer systems to create, file, and retrieve important business documents. The concept of data warehousing was introduced in 1988 by IBM researchers Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy.

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Data warehousing is designed to enable the analysis of historical data. Comparing data consolidated from multiple heterogeneous sources can provide insight into the performance of a company. A data warehouse is designed to allow its users to run queries and analyses on historical data derived from transactional sources. Data added to the warehouse do not change and cannot be altered. The warehouse is the source that is used to run analytics on past events, with a focus on changes over time. Warehoused data must be stored in a manner that is secure, reliable, easy to retrieve, and easy to manage.

data extraction, which involves gathering large amounts of data from multiple source points. After a set of data has been compiled, it goes through data cleaning, the process of combing through it for errors and correcting or excluding any that are found.

format. Once stored in the warehouse, the data goes through sorting, consolidating, and summarizing, so that it will be easier to use. Over time, more data are added to the warehouse as the various data sources are updated.

Warehouse," a practical guide that was first published in 1990 and has been reprinted several times.

from companies including Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and Oracle, among others.

•<b>_{What Is Business Intelligence (BI)?}</b>

- Business intelligence (BI) refers to the procedural and technical infrastructure that collects, stores, and analyzes the data produced by a company’s activities.

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- Self-service BI is an approach to analytics that allows individuals without a technical background to access and explore data.

BI tools and software come in a wide variety of forms. Let's take a quick look at some common types of BI solutions.

- Spreadsheets: Spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel and Google Docs are some

- Reporting software: Reporting software is used to report, organize, filter, and display data.

- Data visualization software: Data visualization software translates datasets into easy-to-read, visually appealing graphical representations to quickly gain insights.

- <b>Data mining tools: </b>Data mining tools "mine" large amounts of data for patterns using things like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistics.

- Online analytical processing (OLAP): OLAP tools allow users to analyze datasets from a wide variety of angles based on different business perspectives.

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<b>3. CRM system:</b>

Customer relationship management (CRM) refers to the principles, practices, and guidelines that an organization follows when interacting with its customers. From the organization's point of view, this entire relationship encompasses direct interactions with customers, such as sales and service-related processes, forecasting, and the analysis of customer trends and behaviors. Ultimately, CRM serves to enhance the customer's overall experience.

- Customer relationship management includes the principles, practices, and guidelines an organization follows when interacting with its customers. - CRM is often used to refer to technology companies and systems that help

manage external interactions with customers.

- Major areas of growth in CRM technology include software, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence.

- Elements of CRM range from a company's website and emails to mass mailings and telephone calls. Social media is one-way companies adapt to trends that benefit their bottom line. The entire point of CRM is to build positive experiences with customers to keep them coming back so that a company can create a growing base of returning customers.

- Increasingly, the term CRM is being used to refer to the technology systems companies can engage manage their external to interactions with customers at all points during the customer lifecycle, from discovery to education, purchase, and post-purchase.

- With an estimated global market value of over $40 billion in 2018, CRM technology is widely cited as the fastest-growing enterprise-software category, which largely encompasses the broader software-as-a-service (SaaS) market.

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Five of the largest players in the CRM market today include cloud computing giant Salesforce, Microsoft, SAP, Oracle and Adobe Systems.

A CRM system ( Scoro CRM software)

•<b>Types of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Technology</b>

<b>CRM Software </b>

- Special CRM software aggregates customer information in one place to give businesses easy access to data, such as contact data, purchase history and any previous contact with customer service representatives. This data helps employees interact with clients, anticipate customer needs, recognize customer updates and track performance goals when it comes to sales.

- CRM software's main purpose is to make interactions more efficient and productive. Automated procedures within a CRM module include sending sales team marketing materials based on a customer's selection of a product or service. Programs also assess a customer's needs to reduce the time it takes to fulfill a request.

<b>CRM Cloud Solutions </b>

- Cloud-based systems provide real-time data to sales agents at the office and in the field as long as a computer, smartphone, laptop or tablet connects to the internet. Such systems boast heightened accessibility to customer information and eliminate the sometimes-complicated installation process involved with other CRM products or software.

- The convenience of this type of system, however, has a trade-off. If a company goes out of business or faces an acquisition, access to customer information may become compromised. A business might have compatibility issues when

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and if it migrates to a different vendor for this kind of software. Also, cloud- based CRM programs typically cost more than in-house programs.

<b>4. Supply Chain Management (SCM):</b>

•<b>What Is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? </b>

Supply chain management is the management of the flow of goods and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final products. It involves the active streamlining of a business's supply-side activities to maximize customer value and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

- Supply chain management (SCM) is the centralized management of the flow of goods and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final products.

from expensive recalls and lawsuits.

materials, production, distribution, and returns.

avoiding supply shortages.

•<b>_{5 Parts of SCM}</b>

In SCM, the supply chain manager coordinates the logistics of all aspects of the supply chain which consists of five parts:

- The plan or strategy

- The source (of raw materials or services)

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- Manufacturing (focused on productivity and efficiency) - Delivery and logistics

- The return system (for defective or unwanted products)

The supply chain manager tries to minimize shortages and keep costs down. The job is not only about logistics and purchasing inventory. According to Salary.com, supply chain managers “oversee and manage overall supply chain and logistic operations maximize to efficiency and minimize the cost of organization's supply chain.

Productivity and efficiency improvements can go straight to the bottom line of a company. Good supply chain management keeps companies out of the headlines and away from expensive recalls and lawsuits.

•

<b>Why Is Supply Chain Management Important?</b>

Supply chain management is important because it can help achieve several business objectives. For instance, controlling manufacturing processes can improve product quality, reducing the risk of recalls and lawsuits while helping to build a strong consumer brand. At the same time, controls over shipping procedures can improve customer service by avoiding costly shortages or periods of inventory oversupply. Overall, supply chain management provides several opportunities for companies to improve their profit margins and is especially important for companies with large and international operations.

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