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[HHCÙT€DCTBO OỐIteFO H IpO(€CCHOHd7bBHOTO OOpazxoBanna Poccuiickoii Pegepannu

| KA3AHCKHA FOCVHAPCFBEHHbLI YHEIBEPCHTET

Creumanbuocre - 12.00.02 - KoHCTHTYUHOHHOe mpaBo, rocyHapcruenuoe ynipaBrlenne,

<small>2KMIHHIHICTDG4THBHOC MpaBO, MYHHHLI111421611Oè HpuaBo1</small>

<small>at i¬ l</small>

~-= ) ; TR¯ỜNG ẠI HỌC LUẬT HÀ NOImo Ha COHCKAHHE YUCHON CTeMeHi KALE PHANG GV _. `

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eA Số s.-...s... 3

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VER 1.1.1.6. S(CPPB... 38

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B YCJIOBHAX DbIHOHHBIX OTHOII€HHIÍ...-.--.-<-<- 47$1. KOHCTHTYLUIOHHbIS OCHOBBI NpaBoBoro NonoxKeHHa IIpapnrenbcTBa CPB...47

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Bey Re PM Me PeO TONE SKOHOMEKM...c..5ccscde-.cicasceosesencessescceserseccesesenccesenans 97

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B cHcreM€ TOCyHADCTBEHHBIX ODFAHOB COHlHaHcTndecKol Pecny6nnki

Bb€THAMÌ saxknoe mecro 3AHHMaET l[Ïlpantrelibcrno. tịepe3 [ÏpaBHMT€JIbCTBO

<small>FOCYAAPCTBO OCYHIECTBJHIẾT B 3HAHHT€JIbHOÍÍ Mepe CBOH (ÙVIIKIIHIH, B TOM HHC/I€ H</small>

TaKY!1O BAKHEHUIYEO KAK DYKOBOJICTBO HAPOHLIM XO3AHCTBOM. CHOXKHOCTE JlAHHOii

<small>CIONUHIH€ HÈSH TOCYHACTBOM HO COB€DHICHCTBOBAHHIO IIABOBOI CHCT€MDI,</small>

<small>MCTOHOB PYKOBOACTBA HADOHHbIM XO3HHCTBOM, MO COB€DII€ICTBOBAIHIO AfI1ADdTä</small>

YHABJICHH1 SKOHOMHKOH. B 3HANHT€JIBHỌÍ Mepe 2TH 341411 HNOJDKHbI D€HIATbCS[ [DABIHT€IECTBOM. Or Toro HACKOJIbKO 3(Ù€KTIBHA J€LT€/IbHOCTb ÏÏpabHT€JIbCTba

<small>10 PYKOBOACTBY 3KOHOMHKOÍ 3aBHCHT ypOBeHb COLMHYIbHO-3KOHOMH4eCKOrO</small>

A43BHTH1 CTpAItbl. 2T0M COCTOHT TeopeTHu4ecKaN HH IpakKTHUeCKAA AKTYAIbHOCTL

Yenexu [ÍDABIT€IbCTBA B YIIDAB/ICHHH HAPOJMbIM XO3HiICTBOM 3aBlICAT HeTOJIbKO OT OOLEKTHBHLIX YCHIOBHÌ ~~ COIHUIbHO-3KOHOMH-CKỌÍ CHTVAHIHH B

CTPAH€, HAHA 34KOHOHAT6IbHOH Oa3bl, HO H CyOLeKTHBNLIX (bakTOpoB —

IIPABOBOFO cTaryca ripandnen eens: NOSBOJIMIOLUErO eMy 3(ÙÊKTHBHO D€LIAfb

BO3JIOCKCHHbIC Ha HErO 34)13HHWH HIIH, HA TOBODII, (}ÿYHKLIHH. OCYLH€CTRJIEHH€

|B nanbHeliieM CPB, ecu He YKA3aHO HHOG.,

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<small>YHPABICHH€CKHX (YHKHH ở" cOCTaABJI3@T COHI€D)KAHH€ /I€ST€JIbHOCTH</small>

[[paBHT€IbCTBA. CêHOBATGIbHO, AHAJM3 J€AT€JIbHOCTH [(ÏDABHT€JIECTBA

H€OỐXOHHMO IIDOBO/IHTb NyTeM HCCJI6IOBAHH1I ero PyHKUHA.

ITpoOnema nearenbHocTu Ilpapwrenscrsa CPB no YHDABJICHHIO IK OHOMHKOL

<small>B YCHOBHAX PbIHOYHbIX OTHOUHIHH B aNMHHHCIATHBHO-IA4BOBOM ACIICKTe BHAYHHOM IIHIAHÊ€ MpakTHYeckKH He HCCJI€HOBA/ACb., [lDaBa, ÕbUla HrHTepecHas</small>

HHCC€PTaHHx /JÍHH Ban May, rIOCB8lieHHasi COB€PLHCHCTBOBAHHIO ODFAHI34LIHH H

<small>H€HT€JIbHOCTH l[paBuTenbcTea CPB. Ho ona ỐbUD1a HanHcana CIE LO APHHATHA</small>

KoHcTHTyuunu CPB 1992 roga u HoBoro 3aKona 06 OpraHH3aunn Í [IbaBWT€/IbCTBA H

<small>BOHPOCBI YIIDABI€HH 3KOHOMHKO B Heil CH€HIHAHbHO He DA4CCMATDHBAJHCE. !</small>

KOCB€HHbIM o6pa3om 344TPATHBA€TC4 H6äT€IbHOCTb llbanHrenpcrea CPB BAuccepTaunH HryeH Kanb Xona, nocsauennoti HanuHoHabHoMy Co6panuro

CPB.2 Ha nberHaMCKOM #3bIK€ 3HAHHT€IbBHO ÕOJIbII€ HCTOHHHKOB, HO OHH, B

<small>OCHOBHOM, HO BOIIDOCAM 3KOHOMHKH.3 B TeODeTHu€CKỌÍi uacTH HHCC€PT</small>_{ALIHH aBTOp}<small>OUHPAGICS Ha AƠOTbI COBETCKHX H€HbIX-TOCYHACTBOB@JIOB, HOCBSLI€HHbIXBOHPOCAM IABOBOFO HOJIO2K€HHS FOCYHAPCTBIHOFO Oprana, OCOỐÊHHOCTSM</small>

cratyca ÏÏpaBHT€/IbCTBa, YIDpABJIEH1€CKHM (YHKHHäM, HX K/IaCCHÙHKaALHH.3

' Anu Ban May. CopepulieicraopnaHue OPFAHH3ALIMH H AeATeNbHOCTH TIpaBurenbcrBa CPB(C yyeTom 3apy6exHoro onpita). JiCC€PTaHM4 Ha CONICKAHH€ yq€HO CreneHH KaHAMMaTa

<small>topugd. HayK. M., 1992,</small>

? HryeH Kaub Xon. Haynonansuoe co6panue CPB. J[ucceprauua Hà couckanne yqeHoili

<small>CT€IEHH KAHH. topug. HayK. M., 1995,</small>

3 HelcTrBue pbiHOHHOB 3KOHOMHKH H POIIb rocynapctsBa. - ['OCIOJIHTH3naT, XaHOli, 1992,Ha BbeTH. 43.; Hryen Un 3wne. Ponb TOCyHAPCTBA B p43BHTHH 2KOHOMHKH B CTpaHaxACEAH. Xanộ, 1993; Hryen /lanr 3ynr,Byl Cyan /lbik. Konctutyunonnoe Hpano

<small>KAHHTAJIICTHW€CKHX CTpAH, XâHOlCKHHrOC. yHHBepcwTeT. 1994, n Ap.</small>

* Cm. AnexnH A.II, Kapmonnuxni A.A,, Koson IO.M. AAMHHKCTpaTHBHOe IPdBO

Poccniickoli ®enepauun. M., 1996; ATawaiuyk T.B. I['OcynapcTBHHOe yHpaBIeHHe:IPOỐJ€MbBL M€TOHO/IOTHH IPABOBROFO HCCIenOBaHHq. M., 1975; Bauwnno VI. (RVyHKUHHH

<small>Opranop ynpanneuna. M., 1276; Baxpax JH. Agmuuncrparupnoe đnpano. M., 1993;</small>

LaØpnannae B.H. Koncruryynonnpiii CTATYC opraHos Conetckoro rOocynapcrBa. M.,1982; Kosnos IO.M. Vnpapnenue HapOnHbIM xo3aiicrsom CCCP. dacrb I. M., 1969;J[asapen B.M. Komnerenyna oprauos ynpapilenua. M., 1972; Mykcuuou H.LU. Coser

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[€1 H 3ana4H HCCJl€1OpanHH, l[€JILIO AỐOTbL 8BJIS8€TCH KOMTUIEKCHO€

<small>HCCJ161OBAHH€ NPABOBbIX OCHOBAHHH H CO/€Ð2KHHZ DesTenbHOCTH ÍÏÍpaBHT€/IbCTBa</small>

CPB no yHpABI€HHO 2KOHOMHKOI B YCJIOBHSX fepexoga x DbIHOHHbIMOTHOHICHHSM. TÊOHKP€THBI€ 34/1411 COCTOXT B TOM, 1TOỐPBI:

— O0Ka3aTb OCOỐ€HHOCTH Dpd3BHTI DBIHOHHbIX OTHOWeHH B CPB uOPTFA4HH38HWOHHO- MpaBoBEle NpOONemMbI COBEPLICHCTBOBAHHA TOCYTADCTB€HIOTOYIIDA4BJIEHH 2KOHOMHKOÍÍ; (

<small>—— HCCJIEHOBATb OCHOBHBI€ ()yHKHHH [lbaBWreibcrea CPB no pyKOBO/ICTBÿ</small>

HAPOHHbIM XO3/ÏÍCTBOM H ODTAHH381H1O11H1VIO CTDYKTYY YIDAB)I€HH” 3KOHOMHKOIÍ

<small>— aH1471H3HDOBATEb OCHOBIIBI© HA4TIDAB2ICHIHGL J©2ET€JIbHOCPFH lÏpaBHT€7IbCTBa</small>

CPB i pe3yJ1LT@Tbl sro J@#T€/IbHOE€TH,

BO BCC /HHCC€DTAHHH aBTop crpemutcs HIKPHHECKH = OCMBICJIHTb

<small>CYIHCCTBYIOIHYIO CHCTEMY YHAB/ICHHW HapOsLHbIM XO3SHCTBOM HỆ BHOCHT CBOHD€KOM€HJI411H111 MO €€ COBEPIUEHCTBOBAHHIO,</small>

Merojosiormueckoit, TeoperHuecKoil H HH(PODMAHHOHHOR 6a30H HCCHeQOBAaHHA

<small>ABHIIMC> TPy/lbl POCCHHCKHX H BheTHAMCKHX YH€HBIX IKOHOMHCTOB, IDABOB€DOB,</small>

<small>HOKJHAHDI IIOJIHTHHCCKHX H€WT€I€Í, H€ÌÍCTBVIOIlee 3axoHomaTenpcTBo CPB,</small>

<small>MATCPHAJbI T€KyHt€FO apxuBa IÍpasHreJbcrpa CPB, 8 aniapaTe koTroporo aBrop</small>

padora:r. Hcnonb3yiorca M€TO/HbL CDABHHT€IbHOFO NIpaBOBeACHHA, PYHKUFOHAI_HbI H KOHKD€TIO-COHHOJIOFH€CKHÌI.

CHCTCMHO-HaydHaw HOBH3HA HHCC€DTALUIHH COCTOHT B TOM, ITO BHepBble HCCMEeLyercsAeaTemHocth [lpaputenpcraa CPB HM€HHO B THKOM acneKTe — DYKOBOJCTBO

Muline1pos coio3Họli pecny6mnku. M., 1969; TapHano/ocKHii P.EI. KOHCTHTYHHOIHIHbI€

<small>OCHOBbI fipaBosoro NonoxKennaA Copeta Munucrpos ACCP. Ka3anb, 1983.</small>

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3KOHOMHKOÍ B YCJIOBHäX TI€D€XOHIA K PbIHOUHbIM OTHOWeHHAM. ƠCHOBIble

<small>[IOJ10XX€HHX BhIHOCHMbIC Ha 34IH1HTY COCTOAT B €J16/1YIOLH€M:</small>

I. Ilebexon 3KOHOMHKH Bb€THAMA Ha DIHOMHbI OTHOHIHHS aABiaercaOỐb€KTHBHO H€OỐXO/HMOCTbIO. ÏOCYJADCTBO /10/2KHO AKTHBHO COACHCTBOBATh

<small>PasBHTHIO MHACTHOFO = MIPeANIPHHHMATEIBCTBA, O/HAKO pH COXpaHeHHHtPOCYAAPCTBEHHOTO PYKOBOACTBA H KOHTPO/ 3a pa3BHTHEM PbIHOYHBIX</small>

OTHOWeHHH. CBÕO/14 ID€HIDHHHMAT€/ILCTBA /10/11111 ÕbITb B 34KOHIIbIX DaMKaX,

B yCIOBH8X MHOFOYKJIANHOFO XO38CTBa TOCY/H/IDCTBE€HHBIIÍ CCKTOP COXpanAeT ChoH

<small>NO3HUHH B KJIIOW€BBIX OTPacsiax.</small>

2. CH€HY€T Gonee HGTKO DA3FDAHHMHTb 3d/qddH H dyukunn KIB H

<small>LOCYHAPCTB€HHbIX ODFAHOB HO BOHDOCAM PYKOBOACTBA A3BHTH€M 3KOHOMHKH</small>

CPB. Tlaprua BbipaÕØaTbiBaer NOJIHTHYECKYEO JIHHHIO, OFIPeslesINeT OCHOBHbI€

<small>HaMpaBICHHA PU3BHTHA 3KOHOMIKH, a TOCY/ADCTB€HHbI€ OpraHbl NpakTHYecKHOCYHI€CTBIIIOT PYKOBOACTBO HapODHLIM xXO3HiiCTBOM, HDHHHMậ 3aKOHbI,</small>

BbIpabaTbiBad IUJTAHbI, PerysIMpyA KOHKPEeTHbIe IKOHOMHYECKHE OTHOUIEHHA,

3. IlpanwTenpcrpo CPB, spJamcs no | OICTHTYLHH HCTIONIHHT€JIbHbIMODFAHOM FÏaHHOHANbBHOFO COỐPpAHHW H BbICHItM âđMHHHCTATHBHbIM ODFAHOM

CPB, oÕnanaeT BCeMH HH3HAKAMH, TIO3BOJIIIOHU_IMH CHHTATbB ero ()aKTHu€CKH

BbICLUHM OpFAHOM MHCHOJIHHT€NbHOÍ BhactrH CPB. B pyKax IlpapHTenbCTBa

<small>COCP€HOTOM€HbI BCC HHTH PyKOBOACTBA CHCT€MỌ ODFAHOB rocymapcTBeHHOroyHPABICHH3 CTPAHBI Yepe3 KOTOpbIe OH DYKOBO/HHT XO3SÌÍCTB€HHbIMCTDOHT€IIbCTBOM.</small>

4. jenrenebHocrb [IlpapHTeibcrea CPB no PYKOBOACTBY HHDO/HHDbIMXO34ÍÍCTBOM COCTOHT H3 TâKHX OCHOBHbIX (ÙYHKHHÍI Kak TUIAHHDOBAHH€,

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<small>HOPMATHBHOE D€PYyJIHOBAHH€, KOOD/IH11141H1 H KOITDOJIb. B ycnoBusx nepexoya KDBIHOWHHbIM OTHOLICHHAM XapakTep 93THX (ÙYHKHH CyILeCTBeHHO MeHHeTCH.</small>

OcoOeHHO 3TO KacaeTCA M€TO/IOB MIAHHPOBAHHA H HODMATHBHOFO D€TYJIHDOBAHH1.C yH€IOM BO3pOCHIE camocTosTenbHOCTH XO3⁄ÏÍCTBYIOHUX CyØb€KTOB

<small>HPAHHTCJIbCTBO HỆ MOMYCKACT BM€LIAT€IbCTBA B HX XO3/1ÏÍCTB€HHO-HHAHCOBYIOJ€f#T€/IbHOCTb.</small>

3.Ilpano ABJIACTCA OCHOBHLIM HHCTPYMeCHTOM ( perysIHpoBanna

<small>3KOHOMHM€CKHX OTHOLICHHA. Fa COBDEM€HHOM 2TaiI€ BO3PacTaeT pOJIb MpaBOBBIX</small>

akToB I papurenbcTBa, HOCKOJIbKY Haunonaspioe Co6paiune mo OỐb€KTHBHbIM

<small>MPHYHHAM HỆ B COCTOAHHH HOCHE€Tb 38 PaSBUTHEM IKOHOMILYECKOH 2KH3HH. OnHaKO</small>

B HDHHHHIC BC€ OJ€€ HOJIDKHA BOBPACTAaTL OJb 34KOHOHMT€IbHOrO

<small>peryIHPOB4HHA IKOHOMHYCCKHX OTHOII€HHII.</small>

6. Hamenenne 3anaq 1 yHkHuii LOCYJAIDCTBA B CBI3H C H€D€XO/HOM K

BIHOHHỌÍ 3KOHOMHK€_ TpeOyer H€p€CTpIKH alrapaTa YIIDABJI€HHZE HapPOAHbIMXO3ÏÍCTBOM, €FO IIDHCHOCOỐJIEHHS K EHI€HHO HOBbIX 30/4. T]pouecc

<small>COBCPINCHCTBOBAHHA CHCTEMbI OpraHOB YHDABJICHHS TOCTOSHHO OCYHI€CTBJI€TCS,</small>

HO €HI€ ECTb pay IOƠ/IEM.

7. PaccmaTpuBaeMble OCHOBHbIe HaNnpaByeHHA TeATeMbHOCTH l TpaputenbcrsaB OỐJIACTH CTYKTYPHỌÏ MepecipoiikH 3KOHOMHKH, D€OpMDI FOCYH4DCTB€HIbIX

NpeANpHATHH, B cjepe (HHAHCOBỌÍI HH KD€/ITHO-H€H€)KHOII TOJIHTHKH,

<small>BHEIUHEIKOHOMHMCCKOH TOJIHPHKH, COHHAJIbHOI 3@HỤITbE HaceneHisa HO TLL</small>

[IO3BO7UHOT CyANTh ÕOJI€€ KOHKPD€THO O COMeEPKANHH /161T€/1SHOCTH [1paBurenLcrsaCPB no pyKOBO€TBY 3KOHOMHKỌI B YCJIOBHAX PLIHOYHBIX OTHOLIEHHII,

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[nasa I. IIPABOBBIE OCHOBbI 2KOHOMMWECKOTO

ÕØHoBneHH€e 2koHOMHKH BbeTHaMa HW HCCXOI K MO/LCIH DBIHOHHO

<small>SKOHOMHKH IP€HCTABJIIOT COƠOl H€H3Ơ€2KHbili đIpoIecc. Jlonroe BpeM1 Bb€eTHaM</small>

<small>HPHMCHAI = MOACIb H€HTPAJIH3OBAIHHOFTO HUIAHHOBAHHH HH YyHDABI€HH</small>

3KOHOMHKO. Ota 3KOHOMHW€CKA'1 MOJIG/Ib Oba 3Q)€KTHBHỌÍ B BOEHHOe BD€MII.KOMAHNHO-AIMHHHCTDATHBHA CHCTeMA ChIrpasia =CBOIO posh B ƠbICTOM

<small>COCPEAOTOMCHHH TYHOBBIX H MAT€DHAIBHbIX PeCypCOB B YCNOBHAX BOHHBI, B</small>

<small>CO3TAHHH CIABHbIX HOỐ€H HaUHH. Ơ/HAKO BO€HHbI€ OỐCTOST€/IbCTBA CKPbIBaJIHHEMOCTATKH STOH 3KOHOMHKHM.</small>

Tlocne poiintt ( c 1975 r.) BbeTrHaM nagar NONHTHKY BOCCTAHOBJICHHA H

<small>Pa3BUTHA CTPHHbI, H30aBIeHHA CTpAHbI OT Ố@/HOCTH H OTrcTasocru. Ho nonnruka</small>

<small>HHAYCTPHA/H3AHHH CTPAHbI HỆ MOCTHIIa )K€/IA€MbIX D€3ÿJIbTATOB. Jleno B TOM, 4TO</small>

BbeTHAM Haya) pa3BHTHe 2KOHOMHKI OT O4€Hb HH3KOÌÏ OTMPaBHOK TOHKH:

<small>OCHOBHBIM B HADOHHOM XO3WÍCTB€ ỐbUIO M€JIKOC NDOH3BOHCTBO, WIA</small>

2KOIOMHH€CKOÍ CTDYKTYDbL ỐBUIH XapakTepHbi OCOỐCHHOCTH OTCTA/OlÍCOIbCKOXO3AHCTBEHHOH cTrpanhnl, 3K€JIaHH€ mpespaTuTh CTPAHY c M€IKHM

<small>TOBaPHbIM HDOH3BOHCTBOM B CTPAHY CC KDYHHBbIM COLHJHCTHH€CKHM</small>

<small>NPOH3BOACTBOM BbINOJIHAJIOCh IOCH€ILLIHbBIMH H cyObeKTHBHBIMH waramu.!</small>

| Cm. Tlocranosnenne 6 cpe3na KIIB 1986 r.

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DKOHOMHKA CC LECH TPpasiH30BaHHLIM KOM4H/IHO-AMHHHCTATHBHBbIM

M€XIHH3MOM_ Y[IDA4BJ€HH*1 TDOWHBHJIA CBOH H€/IOCTATKH, OCOO€HHO Cc KOHHA 70-X

rooB. B 3TOT H€PHOH 3KOHOMMK CTD@HBI IIO(14714 B COCTOSHH€ T8)K€JIOPFO KDH3HCd:3ACTOÍ B HIDOH3B0/ICTB, /I€(HIIHT TOBAPOB, HH(JDI1H9, CHHKCHI€ YPOBHA )KH3HII

<small>HCHD4B)1CHEDI HEJOCTATKOB B KOJLICKTHBIH3LH, HH/JTYCTH/113311HH, TOCT€IEHHO</small>

CT4J14 H3MCHSTbCS 32KOHOMHW€CKdS HO2H1THK¿A. [Llocroe HIOcraHonJienne LcnouKomaLK KIIB %erBepTroro co3bisa 1979r. OIID€JI€IHUIIO MyTH H3M€GHEHH“” MeXaHH3MaYNPaBIEHHA IKOHOMHKOH C L[CIbIO MOALEMA IIDOH3BO/ICTBAd, Pa3BHTHA JIEHEXKHO-

TOBAPHbIX OTHOII€HH. Maen OOHOBIEHHA M€XAHI3M YIDABJICHHSE 32KOHOMHKOIÍ

IIDOBC/NUIHCb CHAMA/1A B (ODM€ IKCHEPHMEHTOR, HOCIUIH JIOKd/IBHIÍ XapakTep HHe CTA elle CHCT€MHDIMH, Tonbko K 1986 F., KOEHd HOJIHOCTbIO ` IOSBEHJIHCb€HLIOCbUIKH HH YCHOBHH JVI OỐHOBIEHHI 2KOHOMHKH, ỐbIIO HDHHHTO

OKOH"ATCJIDHOE €II€HH€ OỐ HIMCHEHHH 2KOHOMIITICCKỌÍ CHCT€MBI.

C 1986 1. BheTHAMCKad 2KOHOMHKA HEHCIBUTEIbHO Hauasia OỐHOBJHITbCA,

STOT POH MOXHO CHHTATb HAUA4IOM TIOIECCA 3KOHOMHIECKOFO OỐIIOBJIEHH1.llaprmu =o [ocynapcreo HbeTHaMA HO/BCPTHYB cTporoli KpHTHKE

UCHTpatH30BaHHYIO = KOMAH/HO-äAMHHHCTDATHBIHYVIO CHCT€MY, YTB€P/HIUIHHeOOXOMMMOCTh HI€D€XOH Ha MIHOLVOCEKTODHYIO (MHOFOYKJ4HHYIO) TOBADHYIO

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“`. .— `... ae

3KOHOMHKY H TEM CAMbIM CO3HaTb HEOOXOAHMbIC NpeANOCLUIKH DJIA H€P€XOHA K

PbIHOYHOK IKOHOMHKE.

Yepe3 HecKOMbKO eT B Ciepe 2KOHOMHKH IIDOM3OLLIH PaAHKasIbHble

H3MCHEHHA: Oba OCTAHOB/I€HA HHỦJ181M3, NPCOMONEH CT1 NPOW3BOACTBA.

B 1991 r. CenbMoli Cbe3n KITB yTBEDHHI €HHHOTJIACHO nepexoy Ha

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ÊHHbI, OTKPbITbIN, BXOAXLIHA B MHPOBOH PbIHOK.!

B reyenne 10 ner (c 1986 r.) 3kKOHOMHUeCKOe OỐHOBJI€HH€ BO BbeTHaMe€Pa3BHBaIOCh JOBONbHO YCH€HIHO, OHO FMOATBEPAHJIO H€H3Õ€KHOCTb HIPOH€CCanepexoOfa K PbIHOYHOH 3KOHOMHK€. 34 KODOTKO€ BPeMA B CTpaHe IIDOH3OHILTIO

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yTBepxKAeHHbIA HaHHOHaAJIbBHbBIM COỐpAHH€M - 5,5 % - 6 %, ỐO/IbHI€ H€M B 2 pasa

MO CDABH€HHIO € TeMIIOM pA3BHTHäS np€nbUtyIlntax 5 eT - 1986 -1990 rr. - 3,9%"2

“B 1995 roxy pocr NOHYKHHH B CẴ€IbCKOM XO34lCTB€E /HOCTHr 4,7 %, B

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(Cm. llocranosnenue 7 che3na KIIB 1991 r.

2 CM. ra3ery “3aKOH Ốn3Hec” No 7, 1996 r. c.3 (Ha BbeTHAMCKOM aspiKe).

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HHOCTDAHHbIC HMHB€CTHHHH BO BbeTHamMe HIOBbICHIHCb Ha 85,4%, m03aperCTpHPOBAaHHbIM KâfIITA/1O8J102K€HHSM Ha 33,3 % no cpabHeHHw c 1994.” |

Camoe 3AM€1AT€/IbHO€ MOCTHOKEHHE B IDOLLI€HILI€€ BPeMA - STO TO, HTO CTAJIO

Pa3BHBATbCA CEJIbCKOXO3AHCTBEHHOE TIDOH3BO/CTBO. Tenepb BbeTHaM MO3K€T He

TONMbKO CAaMOCTOATeNbHO OỐ€CH€GHHTb ceOX TIDOHOBO/IbCTBHỀM, HO H

2KcopTwposarb ero. B 1996 rony BbeTHam 3sKCNOpTHpoBall 3 MHJUIHOHA TOHH

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pacuIMpxeTcaA CAMOPEryJINPOBAHHE PLINKA,

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QKOHOMHKH H O/HOBD€M€HIHO OCHOBHbIM ÿCJIOBHCM JUIN DACHIHDCHHSE BIHOHHOTO

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DBIHOI TOBAPOB H YyCJIYT, PbIHOK BA/HOT H HHB€CTHIHH, PbIHOK Tpy/la, PBIHOK

HHT€JIICKTd (DBIHOK HAÿWHO-T€XHOJIOTHM€CKOÍ H HH}ODMALHHOHHOÍÍ IIDOTYKHHH).| Cm. JJokian [IpaBHT€IbcTrBa Hà /Jeb1TOB ceccuH TÍaHHOHA1bHOFO CoOpanna 71£B4TOTO

CO3bIBì B MapTe 1996 r.

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a) Pomounsie OMHOuULenuUA bopmuposanuce a“ paseoucaronicn 6 VCAOCUAX

<small>HEBbICOKOZ0 0R 20111124 MOCAPHOZO npouzcoodcmea.</small>

J[onroe spema BbeTHaM yxe MPHMCHAJL MOHJb

<small>L€HTDA/H3OBHHO-[UIâHHPYÊMO 3KOHOMHKH. B 3TOT H€pHO), TOB4PHO-EHEXHbIE OTHOHIEHHIIHEHOPHPOBA/IHCb. CJI6J1OBAT€JIbHO HE CYUI€CTBOBiJ1O H TOBADHOFO IIDOH3BOHNCTBd B</small>

<small>€rO TOHHOM HOHHMAHHH. TonbKO c 1986 ‘. B [IDOHCC€ mpeoOpa</small>_3sonanns<small>SKOHOMHKH IIOCJI€HOBAT€IbHO OCYLIECTBIIAETCA MONTHKA Pa3BHTHA TOBApHoii3KOHOMHIKH.</small>

Takum o6pa30m, CeFOHHI BbeTHamM HAXOHHTCH Ha 32raNe nepexoma kPbINOYHOH SKOHOMHKe. PBIHOHHBIE OTHOWCHHA @OpMHpyrwoTca H BC€ ỐO/iee

<small>YKPCIVIAIOTCA HAP8HY C Pa3IBHTHEM TOBADHOFO IIDOH3B0/CTBA. MOxKHO CKa3aTb, 1TO</small>

BO BbeTHaMe pbIHOUNBIe OTHOHIHHW NOABHIHCh HOMTH OMHOBPeMeHHO Cc

<small>TOBAPHBIM MPOH3BOACTBOM. ÏÏDOTHBOP€WHT JIH ITO TEOPHH PbIHOUHOH IKOHOMHKH,</small>

<small>cormacHo KOTOpỌÍ - “pbIHO“HaN SKOHOMHKa CCTb TOBapHad 9KOHOMHKA Ha</small>

<small>OIP€HCHCHHOM yPOBH€ pa3BuTHa?”! [lo HaUleMY MH€HHIO, B C€OBDEM€HHBIX</small>

<small>YCHOBHAX, KOIHA HET Mpouecc ỐYDHOTO A43BHTHIE HayKH H T€XHOIOTH, Korg</small>

| QÕHOB/ITb, YJIYWUH1ATb [IOIHTHKY A MÊXâHH3M YIDABIEHWä 3KOHOMMKO BO BbeTHaMe.

['OcnonwTM3naT - XaHoii, 1993, c.74,

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<small>PbIHOUNaA IKOHOMHKA Pa3BHTa BO MHOCHX CTpaHax MHDA, PbIHOYHbIC OTHOLICHHS</small>

BO3MOKHO POPMHPYIOTCA H PASBHBAIOTCA OANOBPeMeHHO Cc ODMHDOBAdIHEM H

<small>Pa3sBUTHEM TOBAPHOFO NPOH3BOACTBA, a HE MOCHeEAYIOT 34 HHM, T.€. BO3MO)XKHAPBIHOHHA1 2KOIOMHKA B YCIOBHAX HEPpasBHTOFO TOBAPHOLO MpOH3BOCTBA, KaK BO</small>

6) Pomounoie omnomenun dopmupywmen 1 paseucaimcnr ở npouecce

<small>NepexoHa OT MEXXHH3MA LH€HTDAJH3OBA111OFO, KOMAHHHO-ATMHHIICTDATIBIOFO</small>

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<small>HOBOTO M€XaHH3Ma NpaBOBOTO €TYJIHDOBAHHH, H B TOKE BPEMA JHIIKBHJHA4LHIHHOTCTMIOCTH, 3ACTOS CTAPOFO IKOHOMHYECKOrO M€XAHH3MA. 2THX YCIOBHSX,</small>

<small>PBIHOSHA 3KOHOMHKA BO b€THAM€ eile HOCHT OCOỐ€HHOCTH II€DEXOHHOFTO</small>

HICHC/4: B OỐb€KTHBHOM [UIAH€ 9TO CTHXHỈHHOCTb, H€ODFAHH3OBAHHOCTbB HH€CTHUIbHOCTb. DBHIOWIIbIX OTHOHICHHỈÍ; B CyYOLEKTHBHOM TUIAH€ 31O O3HaAa€T,

<small>ITO PeryYIHPYIOLUNE 3akOllbl TOCYHADCTBI HỆ VCI€BAIOT 3a H3MeHeEHHAMHSKOHOMIIMECKHX OTHOWECHHH, UIA IHX XdpakTepia JIOKAILHOCTh p€FYIHDORAHII3.</small>

ITH 34KOIIbI HEAOCTATOUHLI H HE HOHOCTLIO OCBOGOMMHCL OT BANANA cTaporo

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<small>PA3BHBATb HOJTO)KHT€JIbHBI€, OTDAHHMHBATb OTPHIIAT€/IbHBIE CTOPOHbI DBIHOHỌH</small>

3KOHOMWKH C H€IbIO HTOCTH)K€HHS ỐOFATCTBA HApOHA, MOTYLHI€CTBA FOCYHADCTBA,CIDAB€/UIHBOCTH H KYJIbTYDbI OỐII€CTBa. (

B MHD€ CYLECTBYIOT Pa3Hble MOMEH PbIHOYHO! IKOHOMUKH:- AMepHkKanckasa MOJIb;

- AnoucKas Nh° n:

- LB€ncKẫ MORGIIb;

- Kutratickaa Mogesib;

- CounanbHoe DBIHOHHO€ XO3iÌicTpo PPL!

Kakqad H3 H€D€HHCI€HHBIX BBII© MO/JIICÏÍ IKONOMHKH HM€ẾT CBOI

<small>AOCTONHCTBA, H€HOCTATKH H OCOƠ€HHOCTH, HO O/IHO3HA111O, UTO NeT HH ONHỌ</small>

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<small>IKOHOMHUCCKHX, MOJUMTHYECKHX, COIHAJIbHBIX OCOỐ€HHOCT€Ỉ BBIỐHA€T CBOIO</small>

MO/JICJIb bIHOHHOH IKOHOMHKH. B71HK€ B€ePO juin Beernama, HO2KAIYB, KHTalicKan

MOHGIb. KuTatO YHAJIOCb YCIIEHIHO HỆ€ÌTH OF L€HTAJI3OBAHHỌI đ1aHOBOÍÏÍ

<small>2KOHOMHKR K PbIHOUHOH, MaKCHMdJIBHO CHIISIIB COLIHJIbHY1O Weny ITHX</small>

npeoOpasopannit.2 CYULIHOCTbE HBIH€IHIHHX IID€OỐPA3OBAHHÍ KHTalicKoli

IKOHOMHKH, KaK POBOPHTCH Bˆ O(ÙHHH(UIbHDIX /IOKYMEHLMX, COCTOHT B MONbITKE“TIPHBEJCHHA XO38ÏCTB€HHOFO MeXaHH3Ma B COOTBETCTBHE C CYHI€CTBYIOLIIM

LCM. Oxonomuka. YueOunk. Wan-so BEK, Mockbpa, 1995, c.13.

? CM. Beesonog Osynnunkos. “HeMY MOxKHO TIOYHHTbCE y KOMMYHHCTOB. ECIIH He yOTCYECTBCHHBbIX, TO y KHTafickHx.” - Poccnickaa ra3era”, 1S mapta 1997,

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YPOBHCM pa3BHTHA HDOH3BO/HT€JIbHDIX CH I” CC TM, MTOODbEL DA3ЀIHHTbIIOTHBOD€MH€ M€XKHY (ODMAJBHBM HỆ D€A/IbHbIM — OÔOỐIHI€CTBJIEHH€M

NpOH3BOACTBA.! Pa3pewienue 2TOFO HOTHBOP€MHS. BH-HTCI ÕOJbIHHHCTBY

KHTAHCKHX 3KOHOMIICTOB Ha TYTIX BHIID€HHS” DA3/HHHBX HO XapakTepyCOỐCTBÊ€HHOCTH (ÙODM XO3IÍÍCTBOBAHHi, BO3OX/ICHHS MHOTOYKJIANHOCTH3KOHOMIHKH. TIÏD€IHOJIAFTAIOTCH anbneituive DACHIHDEHH€ paMOK HACTHOFO[ID€HIDHHHMAT€JIbCTBA B FODOH€ H H€D€BIH€, Õ3IDYIOIIeFOCä MA COOCTBEHHOM

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HAHHOHAJIbHOI YypXYA3HH, (ÙODMHDOBAHHC HOBOFO,

<small>rocyapcTBeHHO-KANHTAIHCTHYECKOPO YKJIAHA MYTeM CO3aHHA COBMECTHLIX C MHOCTPaHHbim (a</small>

TaKKE HAWHOHATIDHDIM) KâHHTAJIOM TDEHHIDHSTHÍI OHOBpeMeHHO pa3yaloTca

<small>IIPH3BIBbI K CYHIỆCTBCHHOMY pa3BHTHIO KOJUI€KTHBHOFO CeKTOpa (B KOTODOM</small>

SHANHTCALUOE MECTO 3AHHMA€T OỐOCOÔJI€HHIO€ Wt bIIOMHO€ M€JIKOTOBdHOC

PbiHOWHA#8 3KOHOMHKA C COIIH8JIHCTH1€CKOl OPH€HTAL(el BO BbeTHaMe, mo

IiAUIMY MIICHHIO, HM€€T CJI6H1ÿ1OUHIH€ OCOÔ€HHOCTI:

- Dro 3KOHOMHH€CKH MỀXAHH3M, KOTODBIÏ /TA€T CâMOCTOST€IbBHbIM

CyOLEKTAM BIHOHIbIX OTHOWEHHI HABO CBOỐO/HO 3AHHMAIbBCH ỐH3H€COM B

<small>PaMKax 3akONa;</small>

- PBIHOHHBIÏ M€XâAHH3M C rocyfapcrBenHbiM YHABIICHHEM CTAHOBHTCS

<small>DYKOBOJHHLHIIM TDHHLIHHIOM Pa3BHTHS! 2KOHOMIIKIHH;</small>

LM.;: llocraloplenne WK KK o pedopme xO3niicTbeHHOIÍ cHcrembt. - 2JK2HbMHHb»nØao, 1984, 23 OKT.

‡ Pembira B.H. Pa3nHTHe xO3#lCTneHHOTO MexaHH3Ma 6 KHP// CoBercKOe rocygaperso itpaBo, 1985, No 10, c.71.

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- ÏM€€T mecro MHOFOOỐPA3H1 (ÙODM COỐCTB€HHOCTH, MHOTOOỐp431€

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- Yeped 3AKOHbI H 3KOHOMHM€CKH€ CD€HICTBA, FOCY/IADCTBO D€TY/IHDYET

3KOIOMHKY [UIA TOrO, MTOƠbi TADMOHHWHO COBM€IHIATb IKOHOMHNCCKHA DOCT H

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<small>Ce HHIHHIIH3OBAHHOCTb B OTIHUH€ OT CTHXHAHOH, DXAHMHHỌI DBIHOHHOIÍIKOHOMHKH.</small>

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|. PosJib NpaBa B PbIHOUHOM 2KOHOMHIKG,

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TH T, TR¯ NG DAI HOC LUAT HẠ NỌI |

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B TaKOM CJIY1A€ HDABO HTDA€T B€CbMd B@)KHYIO PONb B HDOHE€CC€ DA3B8I1TH8

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[D83KHAH, DaBHOIDABH€ Nepes 3AKOHOM NPE/AIPHATHH. HH/H1BH/OB...., H, HAKOHCH,

IP€/JYHD€)K/I€HH€ H€/IOCTATKOB, OTPHIIAT€/IbHBIX 8B/IÊHHII PbIHOUHOH 3KOHOMIHKH.

A OỐII€CTBECHHO€C 3HAH4€HH€ IIDAB 34K/HOHA€TCGI B TOM, 4TO OHO EADAHTHPY€T

ODFAIHH3OBAHIOCTb, OIIDEH€JI€HHYIO YIOD1SJIOH€HHOCTb BIHOHHỌÍ 3KOHOMHKH HOỐÈCIIÈ1111B€T CHDAB€JUIHBOCTb B OỐUHI€CTB©€.

2. 3aKOHO/IT6TIbHO€ OỐ€CI€4©HH€ PbIHOUHOH IKOHOMHKH BO

PedopmMa mpaBoBoli -CHCTeMbI /UH Pa3BHTHA PbIHOUHOH 2KOHOMIKH BO

Bb€THaM€ JOJDKHA D€IHATb CNeAYIOWINE OCHOBHbIe MPOOEMbI:

- IPOỐ/I€MbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH, OTHOHI€HHðE M©€SKJTY POPMAMH COOCTBEHHOCTH I1

<small>BHAaMH ODFAHH3HHH HD€IHIPMSTHS;</small>

- H3M€H€HH€ CTDYKTYDbL 2KOHOMHKH, CO3/AHH€ HOBOH 3KOHOMHW€CKOÍ

B HoBhix ycIoBuax KoHcTruTryuna CPB 1980 r. H Apyrue MpaBoBble 8KTbI Y3K€

HỆ OTB€Wa/IH TpeOoBaHHAM CTAHOBJICHHA H Pa3BHTHA PbIHOYNOH 3KOHOMIKH,

CBASAHNOM C YCTAHOBJICHHEM HOBbIX OTHOWCHH COỐCTB€HHOCTH H MexallH3Ma

ynpasnenus. Tlosromy HpnHaTH€ Koucruryunn 1992 FT. ỐbHIO BỊ10/11638KOHOM€DHbIM H OỐb€KTHBHO H€OỐXO/HIMbIM. Hopan ÍTOHCTHTYHHH cTasa

OCHOBEỌÍ fIbaBOBOlÍ 6a30H ANA 3KOHOMH1€CKỌI €(ODMbLI BO BbeTHae. [locze

lConcrrrynin 1992 roga TÍaHHOH4/1SH0€ COODAIHC ÿ)KC HDHHUIO MHOFO 38KOIIOB,

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IIpapuTensctso CPB roxe HHHSHO MHOLO MOA3AKOHHbIX AKTOB, KOTODBI€ HFDAIOT

<small>BWKHYIO pOJIb B OỐ€CI€GH€HHH DBIHOWHỌÍ 3KOHOMUKH B CPB.</small>

Ha ocHoBe “Crparernu Pa3BHTHA IKOHOMHKH, OỐIII€CTBA AQ 2000 roga”,NpHHATOK 7 che3sgqom KIIB s 1991 r., Koucrutyyus 1992 rona perlaMeHTHp_oBasia

<small>3TY HOJIHTHKY B 4 rylaBHbIX Te3Hcax, KOTOPBI€ ABIAIOTCA K</small>_{OHCTHTYLMOHHBIMH}<small>OCHOBAMH HH1 DÊHICHHS BbILICYKa3aHHbIX OCHOBHbIX npo</small>_{Osiem B AeMax pbiHOwHOli}

peopMbi Bo BbeTHaMe. Mu, no HALI€MY MH€HHIO, ABIALOTCA:

<small>- 3KOHOMMH€CK11 NONMTHKA H LEM 3KOHOMH1€CKOFO pPA3BHTH1;</small>

- OPMbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH Hi IDABOBOÍÍ CTaTyc Kd)KHOlÍ H3 HX;

<small>~ POKHM TPYHA H IDOH3B0/ICTBA, DAẴ€TD€/€7ICHH4 H noTpebsenua;</small>

<small>- POKHM YNPaBeHHA 3KOHOMHKỌI.</small>

PaCCMOTPHM 9TH TJIABHbI€ T€3HCbI Ionpo6kee.

a). DKonomuneckar NONUMUKA U Melt IKONOMUNECKOZO Ppasoumun.

-ƯKOHOMH1€CKa4 [IQOJIHTHKA ABIACTCA OCHOBOH, (YH/AM€HTOM H OTNpaBHoli

TOMKOÍÍ JULA ONPeseENeHHA NPHHUMNOB 3KOHOMH1€CKoli CHCTEMbI H 9KOHOMHYeCKOLO

Me€XaHH3MA. OKOHOMHYECKad HOJIHTHKq [IPCJICTABJII€T coool Hanpasnenns,

KẾ sức BCCOXBATbIBAIOLHI€€ H €LHIAIOLHI€C 3HAEHHE IA A3BHTHH 3KOHOMHKK

CTPA3HBI. -ƯKOHOMHW€CKậ IIOJIHTHKA, €IHJIAM€HTHDOBAHHa41 B KOHCTHTYUHH,

<small>CTAHOBHTCH KOHCTHTYLIHOHHbIM HDHHH,HHOM, OXBATBIBdIOIHEHM BCIO</small>

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2KOHOMHH€CKYIO CHCT€MY. Ona 8B/HICTCS OCHOBOII WI OHID€JIGJI€HH“ Apyrux

<small>KOHCTHTYHHOHHBIX NPHHUMAOB IKOHOMHYECKOLO Pa3sBHTHA.</small>

OKOHOMHYECKAaA IOJIHTHKA, YrBeprxKTeHHad B Konetutyunn CPB 1992 roa,

<small>COCTOHT B TOM, HTO FOCYHAPCTBO DA3BIBI€T MHOLOIIEMEHTHYIO (MIHOFOYKJIATHYEO)</small>

<small>TOBIPHYIO 3KOHOMHKY NO PbIHOUHbIM 3aKOHUM, C FOCYAPCTBCHHLIM YIIDABJI€HIIEM</small>

H CONMMATIHCTHYECKYIO NO CBOCH HaNpaBNeHHOCTH.! ITO pagukKaIbHOe H3M€H€I B2KOHOMHI€CKO HOIHTHK€ BaeTHama: H3 I/IAHHDYEMỌI, LISHTPAJIH3OB¿IHHGÏÍ

<small>3KOHOMHKä CTAHOBHTCI MHOTOYKJIAHHOI, TOBADHOH, DA3BHBAIOIIEICS no</small>

PBIHOHHBIM 3AKOHAM. ƯTO D€BOJTIOIHOHHHIÍ IIC€HOM, YTB€DMỢIHH€ HOBOFTO

<small>HaNpaBICHHA B IKOHOMHYECKOM Pa3BHTHH, ONPEEENHe IKOHOMHYECKON MOJGJH,</small>

COOTBETCTBYIOLICH OỐb€KTHBHBIM 3AKOHOMEPHOCTAM COBDEM€HIHOFO IIDPOH3BO/ICTBA.Pa3BHITIt€ MHIOTOYKJIaTHOiÍ TOBAPHOH 3KOHOMIIKH - Kak I[€JIb 3KOHOMHt€CKOÍ

<small>[IOJIHTHKH, ABILICTCA TJIIABHBIM TP€ỐOBAHH€M 2KOHIOMHIGCKOFO OGHOBACHHA H03HAHA€T, HTO HY)KHO H3M€HHTb CTDYKTYDY 9KOHOMHKH. [ÏDHH€M Ka3KHBIl 31ÊM€HT</small>

(yKHAH, C€KTOP) HOJDK€H J€ÌCTBOBATb HapaBHe C TDYTHMH Ha BCeX DBIHKAX.VÏ3MÈH€HH€ SKOHOMHMECKOM CTPyKTypbI 03HA186T Mepexo OT LI€HTP¿IH3OBäHHOlÍ

<small>3KOHOMIIKH C ABYMA TJIABHbIMH IKOHOMMYECKHMH C€KTODAMH - FOCY/ADCTBEHHbIM H</small>

KOOIEDSTWBHbIM - K TOBAPHO-HIPOH3BOHCTB€HHOÍ 23KOHOMHK€ C D43HBIMI

C€KTODAMH, Pa3HbIMH CyObeKTAMH XO3#1ÏÍCTBOBAHHHI, a HM€IIHO: “TOCYADCTB€HH-IÏÍ

<small>CCKTOP, KOOMepaTHBHbIH CEKTOP, “aCTHbIil CeKTOP, “ACTHO-KANHTAaIHCTHUeCKHI H</small>

<small>rocyMap-1BeHHO-KanHTanHuCTHUECKHH CEKTOPbI IKOHOMHKH. 2</small>

B craTbe 4 “3akoHa o-KomMnannn CPB” 1990 roga u B craroe 3 “3aKoHa 06HHAHBHAYAIbHOM IID€NfIpHaTnH CPB” 1990 roga 3axpenmsaetca, WTO FOCYApCTBO

| Koucteryuna CPB 1992 rona. Cratbs 15.? Konetrryuns CPB 1992 roga. Crarbậ l6,

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<small>m me</small>

OPHUHaANbHO HDH3HA€T CTAỐIUIbHOCTb CYII€CTBOBAHH1 HỆ DA3BHTHä

<small>HHHHBHHYAJIEHBIX IP€HIPHATH H KOMNAHHH, DABHOIDABH HX Tepe 34KOHOM €</small>

<small>HPYLMMH IIP€HIHDHSTHSMH, [IDH3HA€T 3AKOHHYIO NPHOBLIb I€HHDHHHMaT€JIbcKOif</small>

<small>H€ã8T€JIbHOCTH. !</small>

t[aCTHbIlÏÍ H 4aCTHO-KATHTAJTHCTHdeCKHÌÍ C€KTODPbI 3KOHOMHKH HM€IOT IDaBO

CBOỐOJHBI IID€IIDHHHMAT€IECTBA, MOFYT BLIOUpaTh (ODMDL ODFAHH3ALHH

<small>HPCHHPHHHMAT€JIBCTBA, MPOH3BOACTBA, HM€IOT IIDABO CO3/11B4Tb IIPEHIPHATH1 Ge3</small>

OrpaHH4eHH No MacuiTaby /€8T€IbHOCTH B OTDACJIIX H npodeccuax, NO/I63HbIX

<small>II TOCYHAPCTB€HHOFO MMaHa H )KH3HH Haposa.</small>

“EAHHHUbI npOM3BOHCTBA, HDEHIDpHHHMAT€HbCrBA Bcex CÊKTOPOB

<small>SKOHOMHKH ... PaBHbI [I€D€H 3aKOHOM’? H B€HYT KOIKYP€HIHIO MO YCTAHOBJIEHHSM</small>

Cpo6ona [ID€NHIDHHHMaAT€JIbCTBA, PaBeHCTBO H KOHKYP€HIHI,

<small>8HTHMOHOHOHNH3M - Bâ3KH€ÌHH€ IpHHHHIBLI PbIMOUHOH 2KOHOMEIIKH. Be3 cBoOosbI[IPCRHPHHHMAT€/IbCTBA, O€3 KOHKYD€HLILIH H€JIb351 HA3BATb IKOHOMHKY DbIHOHHOiÌI.</small>

KoHcrHTyuHs 1992 rona B rape 06 OCHOBHbIX mpapax H_ OOaA3aHHOCTHAX[PA3KHAH 3AHKCHPOBAHA mpaso Ha CBOỐO/HY TI€HIIpHIHHMaAT6/IbCTBA TpA?KHAH.3[loH#Tue COỐObi ID6RIDHHHMAT€JIbCTBA Kak CIO3KHOE NOHATHE BKJIIO48€T B CEOsCBOỔOJXY COB€DLHIEHHR HHBeCTHpoBaHua, CBOỐOHY HOHCKA pbIHKA, CBOỐONy

<small>YCTAHOBJICHHA LEH, CBOỐONY 3AKJIOH€HHHI HOFOBOPOB (XO38ÏÍCTBGHHbIX,</small>

<small>FPA)KHIAHCKHX, 1DYHOBbIX, CTPAXOBbIX HOFOBOPOB) H T.H.</small>

LCM. 3aKOH O KOMIaHri CPB 1990 roga, CT.4; 3aKOH O HHANBHAYabHOM NpeANPHATHHCPB 1990), cr.3.

? Koncrutyyna CPB 1992 rona, cratbs 22.3 Cm.Kouctutuna CPB 1992 rona. Cratba 57.

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ChOƠOHA IIDEITIDHHHMAT€JIbCTBA B DBIHOHHOI 3KOHOMIK€ He O3HA1A€1abcouMOTHOH CBOƠO/HbLI J€ÌCTBHH. Lom Tak HOIHHMATb CBOƠO/NY B IKOHOMHKe, TO

210 IHBG/ICT K AHAPXHH. Bleck /1O/2KHA OLITL €FYJEHDYIOH1 O2Ib TOCYJIDCLB4,

[IOCKOJIbKY H CBOỐƠO/ HM€€T FAHHIUI.L CBOƠO/1A HD€/JHHHHM¿IT€JIbCTBd LOJDKHA

ỐbiTb B 33KOHHbIX PaMKax. 3aKOH He OFDAHHHHB4€T BHAbI IO(€CCHỈ, MaACHITaƠbI HM€CTO COBCPLUCHHA HD€/IIDHHHMAT€JIbCTB. C)JIH@KO, B JH06ØO0ÌÍ CTAH€ C PBIHOMHOÍÍIKOHOMHKOH HMELOTCA TAKHE OTPACJIN, B KOTODBIX HACTHO€ IDGJIDHHHMAT€/IbCTBOOƠblHHO HỆ HOHYCKACTCH H I OEDAHHHEHO. Hanpumep, B_ O0Ố0pOHHOÍ

ECIH CHHTATb, YTO PbIHOYHaA IKOHOMHKA O3HANAer HOJIHYIO CBOỐO/IY, TO 3TO

COBEPIHI€HHO H€HDABHJIbHO€ MOHHMAHHE PbIHOYHOH IKOHOMHKH. B TakoM ciy4uaeLOCyHAPCTBO TepseT OJIb YHDABJIHOIIEFO H JEMCTBUTEbIHO CO3/14IOTCf8 yCAOBHA

Wid TOPO, 'TOObI DA3BHBJIHCb HerAaTHBHbIE ACTI€KTbI PbIHOYUHOH 2KOHOMHKH KODYHHH5I, KOHTAƠAHA, AHAPXHA, MOHONONHA H HCTD€ƠHT€JISCKA8 KOHKYD€HIHH1I[losromy KOHCTHTYUHHS H 3AKOHbI 34KD€TIUBUIOT H TADAHTHDVIOT cBo6ony

<small>-I€IIDHHHMAT€JIbCTBA, HO OHH TAKX€ 34KD€IUIHOT, HTO CBÕO0Ha[ID€JIIDHHHIMAT€JISCTBA OCYLI€CTBJII€TC B PAMKAX 3aKOHA.</small>

Ha MexKAYHapOAHOH KOHÙ€D€HHHH NOW Ha3sBanHem “Pos rocyapcrBa B

<small>CTAHOBJICHHH H D€TYJIHOBAHHH PbINOUHOH 2KOIOMIKH”, KOTODd COCTOMIACh B</small>

ampene 1997 r. 8B Mockse, IIpencenatenh Conera Menepauun E.CTpO€B ormerust,

sat “MbI 3 PbIHOK, HO B C4MOM PBIHKE MOJDKHbI ỐbITb NOpAMOK, IABMJIA HFBL H

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| “PbIHOHHẫ8 3KOHOMHKA C FOCY/ADCTB€HHBIM YIIDABJICHH€M” O3HaYae;r 3N€Cb,

<small>4TO HaO COXpaHHTb YIIDABJIIOIHYIO DOJIb POCYHApCTBAd. PbIHOUHad 3KOHOMHKAHM€ẾT MHOFO JOCTOMHCTB, HO TâK)K€ H OIID€H€JICHHbIC H€/HIOCTATKI. JH Toro,</small>

HTOỔbI CHH3HTb JO MHHHMyMa €€ H€TATHBHOCTb, H€OỐXOHHMO 38KD€IHTb pOsIb

<small>LOCYHAPCTBA - Kak YHABJI8IOLHI€TO - B YCTAHOBJICHHH FIDABLUI, ONPeMeJICHHbIX [UIA</small>

YIPABII€HHA. OTO €CTb MAKPpO3KOHOMHHCCKAS ponb rocymapcTsa. Kak se

LHanannap - riapybii HHCII€KTOp Mpanyun CKA3A1: “Jia Toro, giroƠbl HM€Tb

<small>PBIHOHHYIO 3KOHOMHKY, LTOCYHAPCTBO 10J2KHO CIHHTb mpoOsembt: ỐOpbÕa IIDOTHB</small>

MOHOHO/IHI, YBAKCHHE KOHKYPCHUHH JUIA 34LIHTbIL HOTPp€ỐHT€JI€I, HaÏTH

IIOXO/ILI€€ PELICHHE KOTHA MOHOHOJIH8 HEOOXOAMMA H €IIG BaxKHaa FIDOỐJ€MA 3T0 OXpaHa OKpyarouleH cpenLi.” |

-B PoccHu, -B nepHox npo-Bexenna peOpM, ID€-BAJIIDO-BAJ14 MPICJIb O NOMHOIICBÒOH€ cyObekTOB PbIHOUHOM IKOHOMUKH OT rocyHapcTBa: MONHOM OTKa3e OT

<small>POC3aKa30B, [TOCYHAPCTB€HHỌ HOHH€KKHI C€IbCKOFO xO3AafiCTBa, oT</small>

(PHHAHCHPOBAHHA BbICUIWX yUeOHbIX 3AB€I€HHÌÍ H T.n. [lo/no6noe HanpaBJIeHHe CO

<small>BPEMCHEM Bbl3BA/IO D€3KYIO KDHTHKY CO CTOPOHbI MHOFHX YH€HbIX, MPaKTHKOB H</small>

IIOJIHTHI€CKHX H€ST€I€H. TÍÏDHBOHTHM, HAHDHM€P, MH€HH€ Anpextopa Mxcrutyta

<small>MÊ)KHYHADPOHHbIX 3KOHOMMI€CKHX H TIOJIHTHI€CKHX HCCJ1€1OBaHHH POCccHlickO</small>

AKan€eMIWH HayK Onera Boromososa.

“HIOpa3HT€TbHO, € KaKOH I€TKOCTbIO Halle FOCY/APCTBO H36aBsIAeTCA HYT€M

8#Rta vin Tuy fM OT HAHƠO/JI€€ HOXOHHỌÍÍ 1ACTH FOCY/ACTB€HHỌÌi CoOcTBeHHOCTH. LÍ

TEM IIOHDbIBAET 2KOHOMHH€CKYIO OCHOBY CBO€FO CYHIECTBOBAHHA. ITO pacXOAHTcs CONbITOM PbIHOUHbIX 2KOHOMHK 3anana. l[ÏlaxO/UICb nocne BoliHbl B COCTOAHIH

! CM.J[@liCTBH€ DbIHOHHỌÍ 3KOHOMHKH H pOsib rocyAaperua, Pocnonnru3yat: XaHO,1993.- C.30-32. (Ha BbeTHaMCKOM 83bIK€).

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KPA3HCa H pA3DyXH, rOCyHAapcTaa 3ananHÍ EBDOIbI He IIO3BO/IHIH CeÕ€ TakH4JIEKO 3ẠÏÍTH B H€D€TYJSLIHH 2KOHOMHM€CKOII JKH3HH, KaK 2TO CH€HIIHH MBI.Haooopot, OHH YCHIHBAJM TOCYHADCTB€HHBIÏ KOHTPOJIb H BM€LIAT€IbCTBO BHHAHCOBO-KP€HIHTHO, BAIOTHỌÍ H Apyrux ciepax. LÍ ae B o6nacTHLI€HOOỐDA3OBAHH, MPOMBILWICHHOM HOJIHTHKH. ẸeCMOTPpS Ha BC€ 7IƠ€PAJIbHbI€

<small>T€ODPHII, H CCFOAHA B BEAYINHX 3âI1AHbIX MepoxKawax 6e3 D€PYJIIDYIOLHIETO BIH8HH1TOCy/HIIPCTBA PBbIHOHHA8 SKOHOMHKA H TPASU/LAHCKOC OỐII€CTBO £YHI€CTBOBATb He</small>

MOFTYT”. (“He3apucumas rasera”),!

‘Llenb 32KOHOMHM€CKỌ HOJIHTHKH TOCY/ADCTBA COCTOHT B TOM, 4TOObIHapog Obit OoraTbiM, TOCY/J4PCTBO ObIO CHJIBHBIM, YJIOBJIETBODSUIHCb BCE JIY4LI€

<small>MAT€PH¿UIbHBI€ H HYXOBHBI€ NOTPEOHOCTH HADO/1 Ha OCHOBAHHH OCBOỐO3K/IÊHHäI</small>

<small>BCCX IIDOH3BOJIIT€IbHBIX CHI, Pa3BHTHA HOT€HHHAII BCeX 2IÊM€HTOB</small>

3KOHOMHKH... `?

ÌOCYTAPpCTBO OCYLI€CTBJISGT €/UIHO€ YIDABJIHH€ BH€HIH€3KOHOMH€CKOli

<small>HCST€JI5HOCTbIO, PAIBHBACT 3KOHOMHW€CKH€ OTHOWICHHA CO BC€MI TOCYJADCTBAMHHa THPHHHHIIAX YBaxKeHHA HE3AaBHCHMOCTH, CYB€D€CHHTGTA H D38HMOBPIFO/bi,</small>

cnoco€crayeT OT€H€CTB€HHOMY IDOH380/ICTRY. ÏOCYyJLADCTBO co3maer yCJIOBH4 UIA

Toro, HTOObl “H€HHPHWTH3 BC€X C€KTODOB 3KOHOMIKH COTPYMHHYaIU €(PH3H4ECKHMH JIHILAMH, XO3AMCTBEHHLIMH ODFHH301118MH BHYTPH CTPpAHbL H 3aTPpAHHL€lÍ Wa OCHOBAHHH 3aKona.”3 Ono NOOLUpPHeT HHOCTDAHHBIX ()13H11€CKHX JIL

H ODF£HH3ALHHH, KOTOPbI€ HHB€CTHDYIOT KAảIHTAI H T€XHO/IOTHI BO BbetHame

<small>COI7JIAC1O BhCTHAMCKOMY 3aKOHO/HAT€JIbCTBY, MỀ?KHYH14DO/IHOMY TIDABY kí ỊbIHaaM.!3</small>

¡ Ka3aKon A.IL., Munaesa H.B. Skonomuka. Kype nexunii, M., 1996, c.215,? Konemryyua CPB 1992 rona. CTaTrba 16.

} Koncetatyuna CPB 1992 roma. Crates 22.+ Tam we. Crarba 25,

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Takada BH€LIH€2KOHOMHU€CKää IIO/1ITHKA tÍM€€T CTDAT€LTHH€CKO€ 3HA€HH€ H

ABIACTCA BAXKHbIM 3B€HOM DbIHOWHO peÙODMbI BO Bb€THaAM€ B HaCTOALIee BpeMaA.HeoØxoHNMMO OTKA3ATbCH OT CTADO NONHTHKH, KOTOPd4E ỐbHId 34KD€HI€HA B

KoHcrnryuun CPB 1980 roma H rđacula: “ ['OCYHADCTBY HHHA/71©KHT

MOHOIIOJIHWH BH€HIH€Í TODFOBJIH H BC€X ApyrHxX 2KOHOMHW€CKHX OTHOIH€HHI C

3ADYỐ@KHBIMH CTDAHAMH.”! Ceflyac HyXKHO OCYHICTBIITb OTKPBITYEO3KOHOMHH€CKYIO HO/IHTHKY JUIA MPHBNCYEHHA KATIHTAJ10B110)K€HHÍÍ 3-38 rpAHHIbl

H Pa3BHBaTb BC€ IDHDO/HHBI€ H TDYHOBbI€ pecypebl BHYTH CTPAHBI,

Ta, 9KOHOMH4ECKAA HOIIHTHKA H H€JIb 232KOHOMHH€CKOTO pa3BHTHA,

3aKpenIleHHbie B oHcTuTryunn CPB 1992 rona HW KONKPETH3HPOBaHAbIe B

H€KOTODbIX JIPyrHX 3aKOHAX, ABIIAIOTCA CaMbIMH THABHbIMH TIDABOBbIMI

fIDHHHHI1AMH JU18 IKOHOMHMYECKOLO OOHOBNeHHA BLeTHaMa.

6). Dopmes co6cmeennocmu u ux npasosve novooicenue.

[lpaBOBỌÍ pexum COỐCTB€HHOCTH ABJIAETCA ()ÿIIAM€HTOM 3KOHOMHU€CKỌf

CHCT€MBI. IlosTOMy PH€PEXOH kK pBIHOUHO 3KOHOMHK€ B MepBylO OH€P€Jb

npemnonaraer pedopmy pexuma CcOỐCTB€HHOCTH. 3aKOH H€ÕXOHHMO

permaMeHTupyeT (OpMbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH tí 34111M1113€T MpaBO COOCTBEHHOCTH.

Kouctrutyyuna JjemoxpatTnueckoi Pecny6nmuxH BbeTHaM 1959 roma

3aKperi1ana 4 PopMbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH: OOUIEHAPOMHYIO, KOJUICKTHBHYIO, YACTHYIO

COỐCTB€HHOCTb H COOCTBEHHOCTh HAIHOHAIbHbBIX KAIHTAJIHCTOB? OTO Obit

nepnon, Korna /PB OCYLICTBII8IA mnocTeneHHblii nepexox OT HaDOHHOfÍI

WEMOKpaTHH K COUIHAJH3MY HYT€M O3OPOBMeHHA HAPOHHOFO xO3HHCTBa H ero

p43BHTHãS HO COUNAIHCTHYCCKOMY nyTH. B 9To BpeMA TOCYHA4DCTBO 34HIMIH“7I1O

+ Koncrutyyna CPB 1980 rona. Crates 21.

+ Cm. Koncrutyuna APB 1959r,, cr.1 1.

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HIABO COỐCTB€HHOCTH Ha 3€MJHO H AIPyrHe CpesCTBa IIDOIH3BOHICTBA KD€CTbSH,IIDABO COỐCTB€HHOCTH Ha CD€JICTBA MNpPON3BOACTBA PeMECCHHHKOB HỆ Apyrux

M€JIKHIX YaCTHbIX COOCTBEHHHKOB, MpaBO COOCTBeEHHOCTH Ha CD€HCTBq

NPOH3BOACTBa H APyroe HMYLI€CTBO HaLlHOH@JIbHbIX KAM TAJIHCTOB.,!

Koncruryuna CPB 1980 roga YCTaH4BJ1184/141 TOKO {Be OCHOBHbIe ODMBICOOCTBEHHOCTH - 3TO ObmeHaApOANad HỆ KOJUI€KTHBHA COỐCTB€HHOCTb.

Kouctutyuna 1980 roga sR1griacb KOHCIITYyHHeÍ NEPEXOAHELO HepHOoa KCOHHJHI3MY, KOFHA TOCYHADCTBO OCYIH€CTBJI1UJIO D€BOJHOIIHO B_ OỐHTACTHIIDOH3BO/ICTBCHHbIX OTHOHIHH, HCIOJIb3VI HH TỊD€OOPA43OBBIBARH BC€

<small>HECOMMUIHCTHYCCKHE 2KOHOMHI€CKH€ CeEKTOPbl, YTBEPKAAIO HỆ YKp€HIIRHO</small>

COUMAIHCTHUECKYIO COÔCTB€HHOCTb Hi CpeACTBRA MPOH3BOACTBA B H€JIX CO3/11HHHaWHOHQWIbHOH 3KOHOMHKH, HM€BHI€ÏI B OCHOBIIOM J1B C€KTODA: FOCYJADCTB€HHDIïÍ

CEKTOP 2KOHOMHKH, HAXO/UIHIHHÍCH B OOHICHAdDOHHOI COOCTBeEHHOCTH, H

KOONepaTHBHbI C€KTOP 2KOHOMIHKH, HAXO/JJHHHÍCI B KOJUICKTHBHOHCOOCTBEHHOCTH TpyHOBOrO Haposia.

PbIHOWHA8 IKOHOMHKA - 3TO IKOHOMHKA Pa3HbIX (OPM COỐCTB€HHOCTH. ECIHCYII€CTBYIOT TOJIbKO ABE (ODMPIL COỐCTB€HHOCTH (rocymapcTBeHHad H

KOJUICKTHBHAaA COOCTBEHHOCTL), TO 2TO, MO HALI€MV MH€HHIO, He blHIOJHA33KOHOMHKa. HUTOOb! pe@OpMHPOBATbh SKOHOMHKY, Pa3BHBATbh MHOPOYKJIaIHOeTOBaPHOe XO38CTBO HO DBIHOHHbIM 3aKOHAM, HYKHO ỐbUIO pedOpMHpoBaTb3aKOHbi O COÔCTB€HHOCTH, YTO H ỐbUIO CH€JIAHO B OHCTHTYHHH H B HYLHX

CM. TìM e, cT.9,14, 15,

2 CM. Kouctutyuua CPB 1980 r., cr.18.

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B43KHBbIX 3AKOHAX, Kak Í[DA3#GI2HCKHÍ KOH€KC, 3aKOH O KOMHaHHH, 3aKOH `

<small>HH7IIBHJYA7IbHOM IIDGHIDHSTHIU.</small>

Koncrutyuna 1992 roma ycT1AHABJIHBA€T C7I671YEOLIH€ (ÙODMbi -_ b2 000%

OƠII€HAPONHAd3 COỐCTBEHHOCTb, KOJUIÊKTHBHAd COỐCTB€HHOCTb, wactuas

COOCTBEHHOCTb, H4CTHOKAIHTAJIHCTHH€CKA4 COOCTBEHHOCTh H KâHHTAJIHCTHH€CKA COỐCTB€HHOCTb. ÌÏpHU€M oOmenaposNad A KO/UIEKTHBHAH

COỐCTB€HHOCTb ABAAETCA FJIABHIMII. ‘

FOCY7APCTB€HHO-Ï OCyHaApCTB€HHEII CekTOp 3KOHOMHKH ÿKD€IUIS€TCW H p33bBHBA€TCđ OcoØ€HHO

<small>B KJHOH©BHIX, MEAIOIHHX rlaBH yO POJIb B S9KOHOMHKE, OTpaciiAx. 3necb YKP€IITIÊHH©</small>

<small>H PA3BHTH€ HE O3HAHAIOT pACHIHP€HH€ TOCY/ADCTB€HHOFO CÊKTODA IKOHOMUKH,</small>

<small>OPOCYHAPCTBCHHA 3KOHOMHKH, a HM€ỆT B BHNY D€ODFAHH3AHHIO, Hepecrpoiixy</small>

TOCYHADCTB€HHbIX`HD€/IIDHSTH IA OBbIHIEHHS 3KOHOMHUeCKOlI 3()€KTHBHOCTII

<small>H COCP€HOTOM€HHOFO pA3BHTH4 KHIO4€BBIX OTDACH€Ï, HTAIOLHIHX BAKHYEO pon B</small>

<small>HAPOHHOM XO34ÏÍCTB€. Ï'OCY/IADCTB€HHbI€ IP€HIDHWTHW, HIOJIYHHBLIH€ KANHTAI OT</small>

<small>[OCYHAPCTBA, HM€IOT MpaBO HOIHOFO XO38ÌÍCTBOBAHHAHI, CaMH OTB€HAIOT 3a</small>

HHAHCbl, OỐ€CI€iBator 3€KTHBHOCTb XO38ÏÍCTBOBAHH1.3

['OCYHAPCTBO HM€ET mporpaMMy aKUMOHHpOBaHHA HH H3MeHeHHA topCOOCTBEHHOCTH B OTHOLI€HHH M©€JIKHX H CD€/IHHX FOCYHADCTB€HHbIX ID€NIpH1TH1AKUHMOHMpOBaHHe AM H3M€H€HH€ (ÙOpMBI COỐCTB€HHOCTH FOCYAPCTB€HHbIXIP€HIpHãTH( OCYINCCTBIIAIOTCA HOCTENCHHO H OCTOPOXHO C WEJIbIO YNOPANOUHTh,

LCM. PpaxgancKni kogexc CPB 1995 r., cr.205-240.; 3aKoH ư komnaHHH CPB 1990 [atCT.5; 34KOH O HHAMBAAYasIbHOM đ1penipaarau CPB 1990 r., cT.4.

? CM. KoncTuTyuna CPB 1992 r., cr.15, 16.

) CM. 3AKOH O TOCYADCTBEHHOM IIDennipusrun CPB 1995 r., cT.].

+ YKa3anne [lÏbaBwTenbcraa CPB Ne 84 or mapra 1993 r. “O RDHM€PHOM 8KHIHOHHPOBAIH1

H H3M€H€HHH (pOpMbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH TO€y1ADCTB€HIIBIX TIp€TNTIDHSTHỈI.”

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PecIpyKTyPHpOBaTb TOCYHADCTB€HHbIC HP€HIPHAITHI He HOBbHHATb HXIKOHOMH NECK YIO 2()ÊKTHBHOCTb.

(TOỐbI MOBbICHTh POMb TOCY/IACTB€HIOFO CeKTOpa B MHOFOYKJIANHOH

TOBADHOÍÍ 9KOHOMHKe, HaHHOHA7IbHbIM coOpanuem 20 aiipelrd 1995 r. Obut IpHHAT

3aKOH O TOCY/ADCTB€HHOM IID€HHpHSTHH. B cT.Ì 3TOFO 3aKOHA yKa3bIBaeTCA, ITO

TOCY/ADCTBCHIIO€ IIDGHIIPHSTH€ €CTb IKOHOMHNECKAA ODEAHH3ALH, KOTOPAS

CO3/LCTCI, HHB€CTHDY€TCS HH YHABJHITCI TOCY/LADCTBOM. , Ì'OCYAPCTBEHHOè

NpeANpHATHE HM€€T IDABO YNpaBJICHHA, H HCIOJIb3OBAHHS KAHHTAJA, 3€MJIH H

HDYFOFO HMYIHI€CTBA, KOTODBI€ NepeMalorca TOCVYHDCTBOM, HTOƠbI OCYLLECTBIIATL

38/1a44H TOCYy/IADCTBa.' TÍÏpAKTHIKA COLHH¿UIHCTHI€CKOFO CTPpOHTEJIbCTBa B HDYPHXCTpaHax IHIOKA3BIBA€T, MTO CYUICCTBYIOT D(3/HHHBI€ CHOCOObI HOBBIH€HHä3€KTHBHOCTH D€4JIH3AHHH TOCYJIDCTB€HHỌÍ COOCTBEHHOCTH, B TOM HHCJI€ H [IHNOMOLUH (OPMHPOBaHHA DalHHOHIJIbHOFO COOTHOHICHHiE M€2KHY D43/TINWMUHDIMIHBH71AMH COỐCTB€HHOCTH. [ÍÏDHM€P TOMY — AKTHBHBI€ IDOLH€CCbL /IHB€DCH()HKAHHH

co6cTBeHHOCTH B KHralickoli Haponnoii PecnyOsuke. [(ÍpH3HaHn€ HeoOxOAHMOCTH

npeoOpa30BaTb TOCYHADCTB€HHYROO COOCTBEHHOCTb CTAJIO O/HỌÍ H3 CTAapTOBbIX[IO3HHH KHTaACKOH 2KOHOMHM€CKOl peOpMBI. [locTaHon/ileHHe TInenyma LIK

KIIK nBeHa/taTroro c03bIBa “O pedopme XO3sÏicTBeHHỌÍ cwcTreMBI” (1984 r.)

Ip€HYCMOTD€JIO O/IHOBD€M€HHO€ D(3BHTH€ TOCY/ADCTB€HHÍ, KO/UI€KTHBHOII HH

HHHHBHTYA/IbHI (OpM COỐCTB€HHOCTH, HH KOTOPOM OỐULI€HAPOHHHIÍ CeKTOP

3KOHOMHKH He JOJDKEH CTABHTb YCIOBHCM CBO€FO YKD€TUIHHZ OFDAHHH€HH€

IpyTHX (POpM XO3ãÏiCTBOBaHMI.?

LCM. 3aKOH O FOCY/1ADCTBEHHOM IIDennpuaTrnni CPB 1995 r., cr.6.

? Cw.I[ÏpaBO roCyAapCTBeHHO (OỐIH€HapOHOÍ) COỐCTB€HHOCTH B MepHOA NepecrpOuKH.(MaTepuanki “Kpyrnoro crona”)// Copetckoe rOCYy/U1DCTBO H đpano, 1988, Ne 6, c.20.

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B 3rnx ycnoBHax OpMA 0ỐIteHapopnHoii COỐCTB€HHOCTH, KOTOpaa COCTOHT, |

B OCHOBHOM, H3 TOCYHACTB€HHbIX ID€HIIDHSTHỈÌI, NO OIID€H€/I€HIHIO Koiicfityuuu|

1992 r. ete urpaer riaBuyto pOJb. |Yro KaCA€TCñ KOOI€DATHBHOFO CCKTODA 2KOHOMHMKH, TO TOCY/ADCTBO |CHIOCOỐGTBY€T yKP€ILIEHHIO H Dâ3BHTHIO KOOIICPATHBOB, OCOÔ€HHO Tex, KOTOpbi€

IPPeKTHBHO B€JIYT XO38ÏÍCTBO, IO3TOMY KOJUICKTHBHả COỐCTBÊHHOCTb BC€ eHte

<small>HLPA€T BA3KHYyIO pO7Ib B CTDYKTYP€ COỐCTB€HHOCTH HapOAHOrO XO3ÏicTBa.!</small>

Tocynapcrso HH3HA€T H€OỐXOHHMO€ H HO/IFOCDOHIIO€ CYIHI€CTBOBAHHe€

<small>HACTHOEO, HACTHO-KAHHTATHCTHM€CKOTO H FOCYyJIADCTB€HHO-KaTHTAIHCTH4€CKOFOCEKTOPOB 3KOHOMHKH. [ÏO3TOMY KOHCTHTYHH1 3akpensaer (}ODMbi COỐCTB€HIOCTI,CBISAHHbIC C YKA34HHbIMH CEKTOPaMH 3KOHOMHKH, HH 3411H1H11ÊT 34KOHHO€ paso</small>

COỐCTB€HHOCTIHI Ha CDp€HCTBa HOH3BOHCTBA, H /HDYFO€C HMVLI€CTBO

<small>HPOH3BOHCTB€HHbIX, XO3CTB€IHbIX €IHHHII BC©X CEKTOPOB 2KOHOMHKH, 3akKOHHOe</small>

HMYHICCTBO (ÙH3HW€CKHX JIHH H ODFAHH3A11HB He IIOTB€DTA€TCI HALIHOHJ1M33LIHH.2

Ï`paKJaHCKH oer CPB 1995 r. Takwe 3AKPCIUIS€T, HTO rocyfapcTBo

IDH3HA€GT H sauMUaer CHEAYOWHe BHAbl COOCTBEHHOCTH: OỐHI€HApONHV,

<small>KOJUICKTHBHYIO H YaCTHYIO COỐCTB€HHOCTb (B TOM HHCJI HMEETCA B BHAY YacTHo-KAHHTA/IHCTHM€CKAñ COỐCTB€HHOCTb) HuKTo He MOxeT ỐbITb H€3AKOHHOOfpaHH eH HI JIH_UI€H IDABäA COỐCTB€HHOCTH.3</small>

B ycnopuax II€D€XOHA K pbIHOuHO 2KOHOMHK€, KOHCTHTYLHH3 H HDYFH€

<small>34KOHbI ITOCYHAPCTB4 HOJIKHbIL 3akpenHtTh (ODMbI COỐCTB€HHOCTH, H€TKOOHP€HCIHTb HPABOBO€ HOJIOX€HH€ Ka3KHOl POPpMbI COỐCTBEHHOCTH B CTPYKTYp€3KOHOMHKMH H 3ALIHL-IATb 34KOHHO€ IIDABO COỐCTB€HHOCTH H€HHDHHHM¿aT€JI€.</small>

'Cm. Koncturyuus CPB 1992 r,, cr.E5, 20.7Cm. Konctutyuns CPB 1992 r., e†:22,23.

LỆM. [ba2KnaHcKHIi KoneKc CPB 1995 r., er.|[75, 179.

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TONbKO Tak IpeANPHHHMATeAN CIIOKOlHO BIOKAL KAHHTAJI Bo 3KOHOMHKY.

J[eHCTBHTEIBHOCTb 3KOHOMHM€CKOIÍ pePopMbl BO BLetHame B HPOLI€/IHH€ TO/BINOKa3aia, HTO NPH3HAHHE PFOCY/IDCTBOM (HOCD€/ICTBOM KOHCTHTYUHH H 3adKOHOB)H€OOXONHMOFO H HOJIFOCDONHOFO CYLUECCTBOBAHHA 1ACTHOEO C€KTODA 2KOHOMIIKH,3AKP€IUI€HHC H OXpalia 34KOIHHOFO IHIDABA COOCTBEHHOCTH Ha CPÈ€HCTBA

IDOH3BO/ICTBA (ÙH3HH€CKHX JIML WH HACTHBIX KHIIHTAIHCTOB CHOCOỐCTBOBU/H

3HAHHT€IbHOMY 2KOHOMHH€CKOMY HIDOFDCCCY. ITH C€KTODA 9KOHOMHKH HM©JH

YCNOBHA [UIA ƠbICTpOFO pasta (CÕP8B MHOFO pecypcoB CTPAHbI, OCOỐ€HHO

/IÊH€2KHbIX H TDYHOBBIX) H CO3/UHI ƠOJIbHIOE KONHH€CTBO MATEDHäd/IbBHBIX

H€HHOCT€IÍ Id OỐHleCTBA. Bee 3TO OM€Hb BwKUbIe MepBble VCHEXH,

[IOTB€P)KHAIOHIH€ NPaBHJIbHOCTh BBIOD@HHOFO KYDCA IKOHOMHYeCKOH MONHTHKH

BbeTHaMcKoro FOCY/IDCTBA.

B). Pescun npoussodcmea, DACHDCƠ€/LGHHUI H nompebaenan.

[lo Koncrnryuuu CPB 1992 roga “TpYN ecTb npaso H gonr EPpA)KJIHHHaq.Ï 'OCYA4DCTBO H OƠLI€CTBO HM€IOT NaH CO3/LHHG BC€ ỐOJ/EbHIEFO KOJHU€CTBA

padounx M€CT Wis TDYJg1LHHXCS.”! BbeTHaM ansiserca CTpAHOII, uMerouseit Gorarsie

TPYHOBBI€ pecypcbl. Odecneyenne 3aHATOCTH JUIN TDYHHLIHXCH TD€HCTABISETcoOoH OfHY H3 BA3KH€ÌÏHIHX 34H41 B HACTOSLI€€ BD€MS. Crparerua DA3BITHAMHOFPOYKJIAHHỌÍ TOBAPHOH 2KOHOMEHIKH B OCHOBE CBOeH IID€HHO/IAFA€T CO3/IAHFI€paØowHx M€CT {UIA TPYAALWIHXCA, HCMOJIL3SOBAHIIC BCErO TPYHOBOLVO NOTCHINATACTPAHbI. 3akOH MpH3HAeT /HOJFOCOHHOE CYHI€CTBOBAHH© HACTHOFO ceKTOpa

<small>3KOIOMHKH, IIDH3H€T H OXPAHAeT HHHNHBHJ1Y(UIbHO€ IIOII3BO/ICTRO, YTO CO3/A€T</small>

MHOLO pabounx MCCT AIH TDYAALUHXCSI, oOecne4HBaer TPYAAIMHMCA MpaBo Ha TpPyA.

| Koucruryuna CPB 1992 roga , cr.S5.

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Tpy1oBol Konekc CPB 3aKpeIIậ€T IDABO TDpAXGIA4H Ha TDYJH H CBOỐO/JHBIÌBBIỐOP pPOJHIA AMeATeEMbHOCTH H HIDĨ€CCHH, MpaBoO Ha HDO(€CCHOHA1TbHO(oOpa30BaHHe H TIOBbIHICHH€ KBAJ1Hä4KaLtni. 2€CTOKO€ OỐPAHI€HH€ K TPY)KÊ€HHKY H

IIDHHY/IHT€/IbHBIÍ TPYH 3anpeuenbl. TocygapcrBo CTHMYIHDY€T CO3/AIHt(

ð/IAaFOIIDHSTHbIX YCNOBHH TpYJa.

O6eciie1eHH€ HODMAJIbSHOTO Npoyecca OỐII€CTB€HHOTO TPY/A IIp€HIOJIAaraE1

B34HMOCBA3b IIDOH3BOJHCTBA, DäCTID€/€JI€HHS, OỐM€HA H IOTp€ƠJI€NHä. Co3manne

HOCTATOHHOTO KOJIHH€CTBA PAaOOUNX M€CT DIA TpyMAWIHXCA ABJIAETCA TOJIbKO Õâ30i{IIDOH3BOHCTB€HHOTO mpouecca. j/[J1ä TOFO, HTOƠbI APOH3BOACTBO DA3BHBAJOCb,

HY)KHO YCTAHOBHTb COOTB€TCTBYIOLIHÌ PexHM IIDOMH3BO/JICTBA, pacmpeyenenua,OƠM€H H IIOTDp€Ø/I€HH1.

3neCb TOCY/IADCTB€HHO€ ÿIDABICHH€ MaKpOSKOHOMHKOH HrpaeT BecLMa

BaxKHYy!O pOIIb. KOHCTHTyHH3 1992 F074 YCTAHABJIHBA€T, WTO FOCYJADCTBO H3/Aa€T

<small>3AKOHOHAT€JIBHBI€ âAKTbI, OXDAHSIOILH€ TPYA, OID€H€JTIIOIIH€ BPeMA TDY/A, DCSKHM</small>

34PIIATBI, pekHM OỐ€CI€WÊHH OTJbiXd HM COHHAIbHOFO CTDAXOBAHHS UIA

<small>[OCYJAPCTB€HHbIX CJIY3KALHIHX H JIM, OCHOBHOH OXON KOTOPbIX COCTOHT H3</small>

34DIUIATbIj IOOIIDS€T pa3BHTHe Apyrux POpM COHH8JIbHOFO CTpaxOBaHHA AIA

[IboH3BO/CTBO HM DäCIDEH€II€HH€ - 3TO WBE CTOPOHBI, Be CTâHHH IDOHecca

OỐII€CTBEHHOFTO TDYHA, MWM€IOLIH€ ODPFAHHH€CKH€ B33HMOCB3H,

PacIp€H€IHT€IbBHbIC OTHOII€HHI (OpMHDYIOTCI BHE IIDOH3BOJTCTB€HHOFOnpouecca, HO OIID€J€JISIOTCđ CAMHM NPOH3BOACTBEHHbIM IDOH€CCOM H HaO6ƠODOT,DACHD€HCI€HHC IIDONYKHHH IIDOH3BOHICTBA3 MHMCẾT AaAKTHBHOE BO3/I€fCTBH€ Ha

LCM. TpynoBOl kogexc CPB 1994 r., cT.2.? CM. KoHcrwryuina CPB 1992 r., cT. S6.

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IIDOH3BOJCTBO, cnocoOcTByer HH Ke C/ICXHBA€T HDOH3BO/ICTBO, XOTADA4CHP€J6JIHT€JIBHbI€ OTHOWIEHHA JOJ/DKHDI COOTBETCTBOBATh HDOH3BOHCTB€HIIbIMOTHOIICHHSM. PacnpefemeHHe OỐLI€CTB€HHOIÍ IIOHYKHHH CJI€HYET HHHHHIIY

“DAỐOTATb 10 CHOCOỐHOCTH, IIOJIYHATb NO TpyAy”, OỐ€CII€HHBILET CHIIPAB€JUIHBO€,

110 HEOMMHAKOBOE DACID€H€/I€HHE€.

PaHbuie BO BbeTHaMe Kak H B ÔbIBIHHX COL[HQJIHCTHUECKHX CTPAHAX H3-3a

OỐIHHOCTH COOCTBEHHOCTH, P@KHM DACHD€H€JICHIDE HOCHII VÐABHHT€IbBHBIHxapakrep, HTO He CTHMYJIMPOBasIO TROPYeCKHH TDYJ H 3KOHOMIIKA ObiIa B 3aCTOE,

He pasBHBaslacb. CerogHA PpbIHOUNad IKOHOMHK& C ee OTHOHICHHSMICOỐCTBCHHOCTH TpeOyer OT DACIP€H€JI€HH KOPpeKTHOrO OTpPwKeHHA OILIAIHITpYMAa. — TO/IbKO Tak TPYHAWHHCA — 343HHT€D€COB4H B [IOBbiHI€HHIIIDOH3BO/IHT€JIbHOCTH TDY/14, HOBBbILHICHHH 3)€KTHBHOCTH IIDOH3BO/ICTBä.

B cr.7 u 55 Tpynonoro KoneKca CPB yka3bipaeTca, WTO TDY/HLHfCS

IIOIYWAGT 34DIUIATY HO HOFOBODY Cc HAIHMAT€IM H COOTBETCTBEIIHO

IIDOH3BOHHT€/IbHOCTH, Ka4€CTBY H 2|()€KTHBHOCTH ero TDY/1A, HO 9Ta 3ApIUIATa HeJOJDKHA ỐbITb HH2K€ TOH MHHHMAJIbBHOÏ 34ÐIUIATbI KOTODYIO yka3blBacrfOCVJAPCTBO. HHAKO 8B DBIHOMHBIX YCJIOBHAX, POKHM DACHD€H€I€CHH1

yCTaHaBIHBaeTca HE TOJIbKO HO TDYNY, a HO BK/IAHY KANHTAIOB, HAHIDHM€P, HO

8KLIHØM B 8KIIHOH€DHOM OỐII€CTB€. !

Takum OỐPA430M, rapaHTHA MpaBa 34KJIOHACTCS B TOM, HTO OHO OIID€H/HICT

OCHOBY D€3KIMA DA€TID€H€/I€HH% - 3T0 pACHID€/€JI€IH€ No TpYNYy. CTHOBD€M€HHO,uTOObI TADAHTHDOBATb 2KH3H€HHBIÏ YPOBCHb TDY/EHH,HXCS TỊPABO TAKXC

YCTAHAB/IHIBA€T MHHHMAJIbBHYIO 38) fIATY.

LCM. 3a<oH O KommaHHH CPB 1990 r., cT.8.

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[ÍPaB/IAa, B YCIOBHSX PbIHOYHOM 3KOHOMHKH IIDOHCXOHHT paccnoenne HỐOTaTbiX H Ơ€HHBIX. 3j€Cb D€TYJIITHBHA8 pOJIb FOCYJTADCTBA COCTOHT B TOM, TOƠb

CHH3HTb TO MHHHMYMA 3TO DACCIO€HH€ OỐIII€CTBä NyTeM D€EYJIHDOBAHH4 AOXONOE

TEX JIHH, KOTODPbI€ HM€IOT BbICOKH€ JOXO/BI [VIA PCLUCHHA COLHWAJIBHbIX NpOOseM. |O nOTp€ƠHT©IbCKỌ mpo6seme, MOXHO CKA34Tb, 4TO B PbIHOUHOH

3KOHOMHK€ IOTP€ỐHT©JIb HIDA€T BAXKHYIO pOIb. Paccyxkaa MO JIOPHW€CKOFO KOLA,norpe6urenb (BbIDA3MT€Ib CIDOCA) OIP€H€IS€T HạDABJI€HHe€ (IPOH380/CTBA,

<small>IIO3TOMY YBAKCHHE KOHKYD€HIIHH MIA OXDAHbI IOTP€ỐI1T€JI€ÌÍ 4BJI8€TC8 OHHHM 113</small>

BỆCbMA BaXKHbIX HDHHHHHIOB DBIHOHHO IKOHOMHKH.!

Crarba 28 KoHcrnryunH CPB 1992 r. rnacmT: “I OCYHAPCTBO peer

<small>MONMTHKY OXPAHbI HHTepecow IPOH38OIHT€I€H nw notTpeOuteneii”. Bnepsbie</small>

KOHCTMTYHH1 3AKD€IUUIET OXDAHY HHTepeCOB IiorpeØmnrenel. Kopoue roBop4, bBIHOHHỌÍ 3KOHOMHK€ JIA OXDAHbI HHT€D€COB IIOTp€ỐI1T€/I€ HyKHO OỐecHedqiTb,

KOHKYP€HHHIO H ỐOPOTbC# IDOTHB MOHOHO/IHÍÍ.T). Pescum ynpasnenua 2KOHO.MWKOH.

['OCynapCTB€HHO€ YIPABJI€HH€ 9KOHOMHKOM sBsLAeTCH CaMODA3yM€IOUHIHMCä.

IIpoÕ2IeMa B YOM, Kak H KaKHM CIOCOƠOM POcyAPCTBO OCYLI€CTBJIICT yNpPaBMeHHeE.

Ilo 23KOHOMHM€CKOÌ MO/€IH ObIBLUHX COLHGJIHCTHH€CKHX CTPAH,

<small>[OCYHAPCTBO COCTABJISGT [UIAH, BbIHOCHT D€IHICHHfS, CBA3SAHHbIe C 2KOHOMHKO.</small>

Camo TOCYHAPCTBO OIID€H€JII€T KOJIHH€CTB€HHbIC HH KAU€CTBỂHHbI HIOKA3âT€IH

<small>IPOH3BOHCTBA, YCTAHABJHBA€T L€HY, 34ÐHIIATY, ïIpHỐbIIb... 31€Cb TOCY/ApCTBO</small>

BBICTYHA€T HE TOJIbKO COOCTBEHHHKOM, HO H H€HOCP€HCTB€HHBIM YNPaBJIAIOLWWHMIKOHOMHYECKOH DesTEMbHOCTHIO. CH€HH(HKỌÍ ynpaBseHHA IKOHOMHKOH B 9TO

(CM. /JelCTBH€ ppiHO“HO SKOHOMHKH H PO1Ib rOCYaDCTBa. - PocnonutTu3gaT: XaHO,1993, c.32 (Ha BheTHaMCKOM đ13bIK€).

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Bpema# bUIO IDABHIO - “[Ï'OCYHADCTBO VIIDABJIIET HAPpOJHHBIM XO3AHCTBOM HO€HHHOMY IUIAHY.”! “ƯTOT P€XKHM VHDAB/I€HHI HDHBGTI K HBYM CHI€HYIOIIHM

-CJIHHIKOM TIYỐOKO€ BM€HIAT€IbCTBO TOCYHADCTBAL B 2KOHOMHU€CKYIOJI€-T€JIbHOCTb HIOBJI€KJIO 3a COOOH OFOCYJICTBJIEHI 2KOHOMIIKH;

<small>- CHCT€Md NAHHPOBAHHA OT LWEHTpd {LO MỆCT C HOK3AT€JISMH, HOCALIHMH</small>

IIPHKA3HỌÍ XapakTep, CH€HAJ1A IKOHOMHKY HerHOKoH, H€yKJIO3€Efl. Dakruueckn,rocyHapCTBO YCTAHABJIHB7IO NOTPEOHOCTh 718 IIOTp€ƠHT€JI€H, a He YOB/IETBOD1IOHX NOTpeOHOCTH.

FỈ3M€H€HH€ peXxKHMa YIIDABII€HH1 39KOHOMHKOH (HHM€M LWeHTpasibublit

BOHDOC - M€X@aHH3M YMpaBJIEHHA 2KOHOMIHKOÍ) C€TOHHS ABJIAETCA O/NHO H3KJIOMH€BBIX HpOOJIEM 3KOHOMIHW€CKOFO OỐHOBJ/IenH# BberHaMa. Koucrutyunsa 1992roa HOBO3FJIaLHIA€T: “[‘'OCYHADCTBO OCVHI€CTBIIGT €HHHO€ YHDABJI€HH€

HAPOHHbIM XO3AHCTBOM HOCP€HCTBOM 3AKOHA, [LIAH, MOMMTHKH, DACHD€HN€I€HH€

<small>OTB€TCTBÊ€HHOCTH HM DA3FDAHHH€HH1 PyHKUNH yNpaBNeHHA MEXKAY OTpacnamMu H</small>

YPOBHAMH” 2

B yCTIOBH#X DbiHOHHO 3KOHOMWHKH HeMb3A IIDHM€HSTb CTapbili M€XAHH3M

<small>YIIPABJI€HHS C KOMAHHHO-AIMHHHCTDATHBHbIMH M€TOHIAMH, HYKHO YM€JIOWHCIIOJIb3OBTb IKOHOMHYECKHE M€TO/HbL H MpaBOBble CD€/TCTB DIA D€TYHPOBAHI1</small>

PbIHOYHO-9KOHOMHYCCKHX OTHOLWEHHH. xNDABI€HH€ 3KOHOMHKOH C MOMOLIbIO3âAKOHA ABJIAETCA B@2KH€ÌÍHHIHM HDHHHHHOM. 3akKOH YIODSHOHHBA€T CJIO)KHHI€,

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YIOỔHY'O HM HAảH€XKHYIO CDGHY la IIDHHDHHHMAT€IbCTBA H MpOH3BOACTBAa

<small>OHHOBPCM€CHHO =OCyKaeT HapyueHHA, OXxpaHad mpaBa H HHT€p€Ch|</small>

IIDOH3BOHHT€/I€Í, ID€/HIIDHHHMAT€/I€ÍÍ H rIOTpeÕwT€/1eli. |

CHIbHO€ mpaBpoBoe TOCYHADCTBO €CTb FOCYHAPCTBO, KOTOpoe ynpaBssaer

OƠII€CTBOM IIOCD€HCTBOM 3aKOHa, CTaBHT 3aKOH B I€HTP BC€X CP€HCTB

<small>LOCYHAPCTBCHHOFO YIIDABJI€HHH. j/[€CTBHT€IEHOCTb pa3BUTHA pbIHOUHoit</small>

SKOHOMHKH HOKA34A, MTO HDABO CTAIO B43KHbIM COCTABHbIM 3JIEMeHTOM

HAHTCTDOKH B YCNOBHAX PbIHOUHOH 3KOHOMHKH.

Kpome npaBoBbix cpeacts Koucrutyuna 1992 rona 3AKD€TIJIIET TAKKE DOIb

<small>HIAHHOBAäHH1 B YIDAB/I€HHH (MAKDOYIIDABI€HHH) PbIHOUHOH 23KOHOMHKO.!</small>

OnHaKO, IpOỐJ€MA HJIAHHPOBAHHS B PbIHOMHOH 3KOHOMHK€ Õbllä H OCTA€TCä

CHOpHOH. B H€KOTODBIX CTpaHax, Takux Kak AHTIHS, CIUA, Me›1yHapOHNHLIX

<small>OPFAHH3AHHAX, TakHx Kak M©XIYHADOHHBIÍ BamorHbiii OHH, HeraTHBHOOTHOCATCA K IIOỐJ€M€ H/IAHHpOBaHHS; MexnyHapogublii ÕaHK D€KOHCTDYKHHH H</small>

<small>PasBUTHA HE HCIOJIb3Y€T NOHATHA “HIIAH4”, a IpHM€HS€T NOHATHE “fIpoeKT”. Ho BHYFHX CrpaHax, HaNPHMep, TaKHX Kak RDAHIL, MOMOKHTEIbHO OTHOCATCA K</small>

npoOseme HIaHHpoBanHa. Tlocne Bropoii MHpoBoH Bolinbt H B 1974 roylÏpaBwT€bcTrBo Mpanunn NPHHAO ABa BaxKHbIX MaHa - 3TO NaH DA3BHTHäAMEpHOH 3H€DT€THKH H HUIAH pa3sBHTHA CHCTeMbI TÈ€OHHỌÍ CBa3H, H HNOCTHTJIÕ0/IbInHX p€3ynbTaTOB. B Hacrosiujee Bpema BO (OPAHHHH CyIHecTByeT Komuter[OCIJIAHA, H pa3 B 4 r0na CDAaHHH HDHHHMA€T OỐIHHÌ HIAH 9KOHOMHUeCKOrOp43BHTHI. A B lOXHO Kopee H€CKOIbKO JIẾT HA3AI Obit HDHHST TUIAH3KOIIOMH€CKOFTO PasBUTHA (OH€Hb KOHKPeTHbIii [L7IAH).

LCM. Koucrutyyua CPB 1992 roga. Cratpa 26.

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MoxHO CKa3aTb, HTO B DBIHOHHỌI 3KOHOMHK€ H€OỐXOHHMO HM€Tb OỐLIH€

<small>HJIAHbI, IDO€KTbI 3KOHOMHH€CKOTO PasBHTHA HINH TUIAHbI B KOHKpeTHOH OTpACHH.</small>

HeoðxonHHMO B3AHMOH€CTBH€ M€)KHY HJIAHOM H DBIHKOM. ƠHH@KO 3TH HJIAHBbI

<small>CYLI€CTB€HHO OTIIHYALOTCH OT IJIAHOB L€HTDAJIH3OBAHHO 3KOHOMIIKH. B yCTOBHaIX</small>

PbIHOUHOH SKOHOMHKH H€JIb34 IDIHHHMATb OKECTKHA TB€PHBI Man, HYKHO

OƠ€CII€HHBATb CAMOCTOATCIbHOCTh IID6HIDISTH, HTOỐBI He ỐbUIO JIABJI€HHä

K€CTKHX IHIAHOB. OHD€HEHICHHOIÍ CT€IEIHI DDIHOHHỌI 3&OHOMHK€C HyXHO

<small>TOCYHAPCTB€HHO€ YIIDABJI€HH€ NOCpeACTBOM IIIAHHDOBAHH4I. | [poOmema COCTOHT B</small>

TOM, YTOObI CD€/CTB HJIAHHOBAHH3 /I€ÍCTBHT€JIBHO HOBbIIHAHH 3€KTHBHOCTb

LOCYHACTB€HHOFO YIIDABJI€HHS, CIIOCOỐCTBOBAJIH Pa3BHTHIO IDOH3BOJICTBA+ H

<small>[ID€JHHIDHHHMAT€JIbCTBA, a HE CJIÈP)KHBAJIH MX D3BHTHAI,</small>

Kak CHHTAIOT MHOTH€ KHTẠÍCKH€ 3KOHOMIHCTbI, YCII€IIHO€ B34IMO/EÍCTBHe

<small>pA3/IHHHbIX 32KOHOMHH€CKHX VKJIAHOB He MOKeT Obirh OỐ€CH€H€HO TOJIbKO</small>

CHCT€MỌÍÍ LIÊHTDPJIH3OBAHHOFO HWH€KTHBHOFO IUDIAHHDOBAaHMA. HBbiXONIN H3

<small>IOJIOXCHHAH HM BHIHTCA B OID€H€JI€HHOM Pa3BHTHH PbIHOYHbIX OTHOHIEHHII.</small>

[Ï[O3TOMY OHOH H3 OCHOBHBIX 3AH1A4 HbIH€IIHeH peopMbl XO38ÏiCTB€HHOFO

M€XaHH3MaA KHP spmaerca HAXOKI€HH€ ONTHMANBHOrO “COU€TAHHHS mana HDbIiHKA”. B CBOIO O4€P€Jb H3B€CTHA1 ODH€HTAIHS Ha PbIHOK B KâH€CTB€ aK1opa

IID€HIIO/Iara€T OIID€H€/I€HIIYIO 3KOHOMHH€CKYIO CaMOCTO#T€JIbHOCTb

NPOH3BONCTBCHHbIX €/HHHMIH. Pacuimpenue HX XO3HHCTBECHHbBIX MmpaB COCTaBIAeT

OTNpaBHOH MOM€HT HM TIABHO€ 3B€HO D€ÙODMbL XO3HiICTBEHHOrTO M€XAHH3MA

CTPAHbI.

! PeMuira B.H., yka3. pa6., c.72.

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KPOM€ HPABOBBIX, HUIAHOBBIX CP€HCTB, 3aKOH ele 3AKp€HHS€

<small>[OCYHAPCTB€HHO€ YNpaBJICHHe 3KOHOMHKỌ C HOMOLHIbRO HOJHTHKH.! on</small>

MâKDO3KOHOMHu€CKAä IOJIHTHKA TOCYHADCTBA, BbiDA?KaIloina

<small>Ì</small>

MaKPO3SKOHOMHHYECKYIO POJIb TOCYHADCTBA B PbIHOUHOH IKOHOMHKe. Ona cocron!

H3 IIOJIHTHKH WOH, H€H€)KHOI, HaOrOBOH, O1OWKeTHOH, KpEHHTHOH, COLIHA7IbHỌÌ

ee HY KHO PerulaMeHTHPOBATh 3aKOHOM. ITO 3Ha4UT TakKe, 4TO MmpaBOBYyIO CHCT€Mÿ

HEOOXOAMMO peopMupoBaTh B COOTBETCTBHH C H3MeHeHHeEM H DA3BHTH€M

BIHOMHHBIX OTHOLUCHHH.

Koucrutyunsa 1992 ro/a u APYCHE BAKHbIC 34KOHBI, O KOTOPbIX FOBODHJIOCb

<small>BhIHIC ABNAIOTCA OCHOBHBIM 3AKOHOMATENIbHbIM OỐ€CIIH€HH€M PbIHOUHOM p€ODMbI</small>

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Ceroas BbeTHaMCKd SKOHOMHKa HaXOMHTCA B HOIH€CC€ mepecTpoiiku.ƠnHAKO, antiapar YIDABIIHHH 2KOHOMHKOI CHỊC He €ODMIDOBi/1C3OKOH/T€/IBHO, HTOỐbI COOTBETCTBOBATL H3MEHCHHAM B 23KOHOMIII€CKOÍÍ CHCT€MG.Ï OCY/IACTB€HHBIC ODFAHbI, YHACTBYIOHIH€ B—- YHDABJICHHI 2KOHOMHKOH,OONOBINIOTCA M€/UI€HHO. HH ee MOABEPAKEHbI BJIHSHHIO Craporo MexaHH3MaynpaBienus, Orn CỸb€KTHBHBI HeAOCTATKH IHIDHBOJIT K TOMY, TO

3)ЀKTHBHOCTb YIPABJI€HH% 2KOHOMHKỌ HH3KA. \

|ÏO3TOMY IID€OỐDA3OBAdHH€ CHCT€MbI ODLAHOH HH COB€DHIEHCTBOBAIH€

<small>M€TOHOB YIIPaBJICHHA IKONOMHKOH ABJIACTCH HACYH,IbIM TP€ỐOBAHHM HB</small>

<small>TCOPETHMECKHX HCCHEAOBAHHAX H B IIDAKTHK€ yupapseunsa. Kak oTMeyan B CBO€</small>

8D€MSI LÍ.ÏÏHCH, HOBO€ B YHDABJICHHH HapOsbIM XO3HiicrBOM B CPB nonHoCOCTOfTb B OTKA3€ OT H3/IHHIH€ÌE €TJEAM€HTIHIHH B 1U)IHHJDOBAHHIT H CHAO KeHHH, B

<small>HOCJCHOBAäT©CIbBHOM OCYHI€CTBJIHHH HDHIHHLLHHIOB JMOKDA@THMW€CKOFO LỊCHTDATM3Ma,XO3pacueTa Ha OCHORE HPaBHJIbHOTO TIDPHMCHCHHH 2KOIIOMHUI€CKHX 3âKO!IIOB HMCTOHOB, B HCHOJB3OB8HHH COMMAIHCTHYECKHX TOBAPHO-JCHEKHbIX | PbIHOYHbIX</small>

OTHOLICHHH C YN€TOM PeaIbHO CYIHI€CTBVIOLHHX B 2KOHOMIIK€ 5 2KOIOMIHH€CKHX

<small>yKJ1AHOB; B YCTAHOBNECHHH 34BHCHMOCTH JOXOMOB IIDOH3BO/ICTBGHHbIX KOJUICKTHBOB</small>

OT 2KOHOMHH€CKO 23€KTHBHOCTH HH D€3YJIbTATOB UX XO38ÌiCTB€HHOlÍJ€58T€/IbHOCTH. !

COoBepII€ICThOBaAHne CHCTEMbI FOCYapCTBCHHbIX WCHTPasIbItbIX H M€CTHHIX

<small>OpranoB, ÿYHACTBYIOHIHX B YNPaBJIEHHH IKOHOMHKON BO b€THAM€ CerogqHa TeCHO</small>

<small>CBASAHbI C MOJMITHKOH “CTPOHTeILCTBAa H COBepuIeHCTBOBaHHA BbeTHamMcKoro</small>

<small>NPaBOBOrO FOCY/HADCTBA, OANHM H3 LEHTPAIbHbIX HOJIO)KEHHIÍ KOTOPOH ABIIAeETCA</small>

'Cm. PO/Ib 34KONNOCTH B XO3AHCTBEHHOM ne11e1sHOCTH (MaTepia2Ibl copenjanna)//Copetckoe FOCY/1ADCTBO H npaBo, 1987, No 6, c.142.

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peopma TOCYADCTBEHHO A1MHHHCTDALHH,”! THÊ neppocreneHHad H@Tb - 3TOp€ÙODpMA M€TOHOB YIIDABJI€HH, COB€DLICHCTBOBAHH€ CIPyKTypbl H (ÙYHKHHÍ

OPTAHOB, YACTBYFOHIHX B YIDABJI€HHH 2KOHOMHKỌI.

B H€payO OH€p€Hb, MbI /HOJDKHbL H€TKO OID€HN€IHfTb HOHSTH€

<small>TOCYHADCTB€HHbIX ODFAHOB, ÿyWACTBYIOLIHX B YIDABJIEHHI 2KOHOMHKỌI.</small>

YHpAB/I€HW€ SKOHOMHKOH ABIIACTCH OJIHHM H3 OCHOBHBIX HAIIDABI€HHH

[OCYHAPCTB€HHOTO YHDABJI€HHH. EÈCHH HOHHMATb VIDABJIÊHH€ BL KOHKDETHOM

<small>CMbICJI©, T.€. B 4ïMHHHCTDATHBHO-TIPAROBOM, TO ynpaBsIeHHe 2KOHOMHKỌ</small>

I[ID€HCTABJIW€T COOOH YHDAB/ICHH€CKYIO DeATEbUOCTh CHCT€MBL HCTIOJIHHT€JIbHbIXOTAHOB B OỔIACTH 3KOHOMHKH.

B HayK€ VIDABI€HHW, oco6eHHO B HAÿyK€ 3KOHOMHq€CKOFO YIP4BJI€HHã

CYHI€CTBYIOT TepMHHbI “OpraH 3KOHOMMH€CKOFO YIDABJI€HHH”” HN “opraH

3KOHOMIW€CKOTO DYKOBOHCTBA”. C TOUKH 3D€HH4 T€ODHH ÿIIDABJI€HH1 H IIDAKTHKH

<small>ODTâAHH2AHHH TOCYHAPpCTn€HHOrO annapara Bo Bb€THaM€ CHCT€MA opraHos3KOHOMHW€CKOFO YHABJI€HH4 HIM ODEAHOB 2KOIOMH€CKOTO PYKOBOACTBA OHO H</small>

TOX€. 2TO ODFAHbI HCHONHHT€IbBHỌ BHacTH - IÏpaBHT€IbcTBO, MeCTHbIeHicnonkombl H OpraHbl c H€IOCD€HCTBEHHOH (ÙYHKHH€Ï 3KOHOMHH€CKOTO

<small>ÿIPABI€HH1 - QSKOHOMHYECKHE MHHHCT€DCTBA HJIH MECTHbIC 3KOHOMHH€CKHỂYIIDABJICHH€CKH€ ODFAHLI.</small>

2. IlpoOnembr COB€DII€HCTBOBAHH ODFAHH3dHHH H JH€AT€IbHOCTH

TOCY/ADCTB€HHbIX ODTAHOB, yWACTBYIOLHIHX B YIDABII€HWH 3KOHOMHKO.

a) H meweunue nocnednux 10 vem, CC OỐHOBICHHEM 3KOHOMHKH,

TOCyHADpCTB€HHbIl anhapaT B HỆHOM H EOCYHADCTBCHHbIC OPraHbl, YYACTBYIOLUIHE B

! BocbMoe IIOCTaHOBJIeHHe€ FÍcnonkoMa LIK KIIB cenbMOFO €O3biBa 1995 r,

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