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Nghiên cứu cơ chế hình thành các lớp bám cặn điển hình ở nhiệt độ thấp trong nồi hơi đốt sinh khối

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Nghiêm Minh Quân_21147222Trần Thùy Thanh Ngân_21147215Trần Tiểu Hào_21147184

Dương Đình Hóa_21147188

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH

<b>KHOA ĐÀO TẠO CHẤT LƯỢNG CAO</b>

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1. Giới thiệu

01

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• So với than đá, nhiên liệu sinh khối có độ ẩm cao và nhiều thành phần nhỏ như Cl, S, P và N cùng với nhiều loại kim loại tạo tro.

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<b>1. Giới thiệu</b>

Trong các nghiên cứu trước đây, NH4Cl được phát hiện trong cặn bao phủ các bề mặt gia nhiệt ở nhiệt độ thấp trong khí đi của nồi hơi đốt sinh khối. Các tài liệu đã suy luận rằng NH4Cl trong quá trình lắng đọng không được vận chuyển dưới dạng dịng khí thải mà được hình thành do phản ứng của NH3 và HCl khi nhiệt độ đủ thấp.

HCl(g) + NH3(g) NH4Cl(s) <sup>→</sup>

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04

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<b>2. Bố trí thí nghiệm</b>

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<b>2.1 Bộ máy thí nghiệm</b>

Dựa trên các nghiên cứu trước đây, sự lắng đọng tro và ăn mòn bao phủ bề mặt gia nhiệt ở nhiệt độ thấp chủ yếu liên quan đến nhiệt độ bề mặt. Nhiệt độ bề mặt giảm có thể dẫn đến sự hình thành lớp tro mạnh và sự ăn mịn có thể xảy ra do sự mất nước của muối hút ẩm và sự ngưng tụ axit/nước.

06

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<b>2.1 Bộ máy thí nghiệm</b>

Mơ phỏng nhiệt độ thành của bộ trao đổi nhiệt trong khí đi.

1 – Bể dầu dẫn nhiệt tĩnh nhiệt 2 – Bể nước tĩnh nhiệt

3 – Bơm dầu tuần hoàn4 – Bơm nước tuần hoàn5 – Lưu lượng kế chịu nhiệt6 – Lưu lượng kế

7 – Thu thập dữ liệu nhiệt độ8 – Ống nghiệm

9 – Bó làm mát

10 – Cầu đo nhiệt độ cặp nhiệt điện

07

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<b>2.1 Bộ máy thí nghiệm</b>

Sơ đồ cấu trúc để thu HCl hoặc NH3

1 – Lọc; 2 – Đầu dị lấy mẫu nhiệt độ khơng đổi; 3 – Tường ống khói; 4 – Máy lọc khí thải; 5 – Nước làm mát; 6 – Chất lỏng hấp thụ.

09

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<b>2.2 Phương pháp phân tích</b>

• Kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM) được trang bị quang phổ tia X phân tán năng lượng (EDS) và nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD) đã được áp dụng để phân biệt cơ chế hình thành của bốn mẫu ơ nhiễm điển hình.

• SEM-EDS được sử dụng để xác định các hình thái vi mơ và thành phần ngun tố ở các khu vực khác nhau, trong khi XRD được sử dụng để xác định các hợp chất và thành phần chính trong các mẫu cặn tro.

• Các mẫu tro xỉ được vận chuyển từ hiện trường đến phòng thí nghiệm bằng túi kín.

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—Someone Famous

“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired”

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A picture is worth a

thousand words

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A picture always

reinforces the concept

Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text. Your

audience will appreciate it

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Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

4,498,300,000

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9h 55m 23s

Jupiter’s rotation period

The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km

Distance between Earth and the Moon

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smallest of them all

Let’s use some percentages

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Computer mockup

You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace

image”

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You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace

Tablet mockup

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You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace

Phone mockup

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This is a map

Earth is the only planet known to harbor lifeDespite being red, Mars is

actually a cold place

Neptune is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System

Neptune

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You can use this graph

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.

<b>For more info, click here</b>

Saturn has a high number of moons, like Jupiter

Venus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and has lifeMercury is the closest planet

to the Sun

<b>50%</b>

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Let’s use some percentages

Saturn has a high number of moons, like JupiterVenus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures

Neptune is the largest planet in the Solar System

fourth-Neptune

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A timeline always works well

Venus has a

beautiful name<b>2XXX</b>

Mars is actually a very cold

Jupiter is a huge gas giant

Saturn has several rings

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Pyramid infographics

Earth is the only planet known to harbor lifeJupiter is a gas giant and has around eighty moons

Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place

Saturn is composed of hydrogen and heliumVenus has extremely high temperatures

Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

Neptune

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Infographics make your idea understandable

VenusVenus is the second planet from the Sun

JupiterJupiter doesn’t have

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From top to bottom

Mercury is a small planet

Jupiter is a huge gas giantIt has very high

Saturn has several rings

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You can use this graph

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.

<b>For more info, click here</b>

Saturn has a high number of moons, like Jupiter

Venus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures

Neptune is the largest planet in the Solar System

<b>50%</b>

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Let’s use some percentages

Saturn is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium

<b>3</b>

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Show some conclusions before wrapping up

It’s the closest planet to the Sun

Saturn

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—Someone Famous

“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get

inspired”

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