<span class="text_page_counter">Trang 1</span><div class="page_container" data-page="1">

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ENGLISH

Topic: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GOOGLE

TRANSLATE IN ENGLISH- VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION PROCESS,SENIOR BUSINESS ENGLISH MAJORS,NEU

Hanoi, November, 2022

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 2</span><div class="page_container" data-page="2">

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ENGLISH

Topic: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

PROCESS,SENIOR BUSINESS ENGLISH MAJORS,NEU

Supervisor : Le Thuy Linh, MA

Hanoi, November, 2022

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 3</span><div class="page_container" data-page="3">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

I would like to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to the teachers at the National Economics University, especially the teachers in the school's English department for creating conditions for me to study in the department and have plenty of time to graduate. And I also sincerely thank to Ms. Le Thuy Linh enthusiastically guided me to complete the internship topic

In the process of doing the internship, due to limited knowledge and practical experience, the report cannot avoid its shortcomings. Therefore, I look

forward to receiving comments from teachers so that I can learn more skills and experience and will better complete this graduation assignment.

Sincerely

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 4</span><div class="page_container" data-page="4">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 5</span><div class="page_container" data-page="5">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

LIST OF FIGURES, CHART

Figure 1.1. Conceptual FrareWOK...-. .-- -- s + 11 19311911 91111911 11 vn ng 4

Figure 2.1. Translation as a continuum by Larson (1984: 17)... -- 11

Figure 2.2.Translation process by Larson ( 1984::4)...-- - sec 15 Figure 2.3. Translation process by Nida and Taber (1982: 33) ... 15

Figure 2.4. The Strategies of Using Google Translate (Nida and Taber ,1969)... 17

Chart 4.1: Percentage of people who have used Google 'Translafe... 22

Chart 4.2: Percentage of how often people use Google Translate... 23

Chart 4.3: Percentage of things they like best about Google Translate ... 24

Chart 4.4: Percentage of documents users use Google Translate to translate ...25

Chart 4.5: Percentage of queries Google Translate can help users except for I0) 10100... ... 26

Chart 4.6: Percentage of places where users can use Google Translate ... 27

Chart 4.7: Percentage of difficulties when users use Google Translate to translate from English to Vietnamese ...c:cccsscessseeeseeeeneceseeceseeeeeeesaeeeseeeaes 28 Chart 4.8: How often do Google Translate translations cost you time to edit? ... 29 Chart 4.9: Percentage of possible Google Translate ©TTOTS...-- s5 «+ «+++ 30 Chart 4.10: Percentage of cases where Google Translate often makes mistakes 31

<small>1H</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 6</span><div class="page_container" data-page="6">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF ABBREVIA TIONS... HH HH HH HH HH HH Hàng il LIST OF FIGURES, CHARÌT...- 5 2G 3 19T TH HH HH Hà HH 11 IV.):0-19)099)0000011... iv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...-- 7G ng ng ng nh ưưn 1

1.1. Rationale of the Stud 2 ... 1 1.2. Objectives of the Study... eee esessesseeseesecsecseseceeceseeseesecsessecsessesseeeseaseaeeaeeaeeaes 2 1.3. Research QU€SẨIOTNS...-- .-- c1 HH HH nh re 2 1.4. Scope of the Study ...- --- HH1 TT HT TH HH HH nh 3 1.5.Singnificant of the Study ... .-- Ác 1112111 1119 1119 11H TH HH ng kh 3 2.1.4. The importance of trarnSÏafIOTI...- .-- <2 331133113911 3911 9 11 8 11 11 1g ng ngư 11 2.1.5. The Problem in Translation Process ... ..- G2. S3 S*Sv kệ, 12 2.2. Machine frannsÏafIOT...-- --- 5 «+ + 31x 9 TT TH ng HH 13 2.2.1.The history/development of machine transÏat1OH...-- -- 5 55+ +5 s*++s£++eessx 13 "€0 0n... ... 14 2.2.3. Google translation DFOC€SS...- - --- Ăn TT HH HH 14 2.2.4. The Strategies of Using Google 'TransÌafe...- - --- s + x*sxn ggrưy 15 2.2.5. The Problem of Using Google TransÏate...- --- 5 5 5+ + rireerrrrke 16 2.2.6. The relationship between translation and google transÏation... --- ---‹ 16

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 7</span><div class="page_container" data-page="7">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

3.4. Data collection DTOC€CUTS,...- -- 5G 13 TH HH HH 21 CHAPTER 4. FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS...- Ăn, 22 4.1. Be student’s advantages in using google traSÏaf€...-- - ---+ssssssssseeseersseers 24 CHAPTER 5. RECOMMENDA TION... -- LH HH HH HH Hnrkt 32 5.1. The strategies related to language cormpef€ïIC€...- -.- 5 <6 + + kskkseesseessre 32 5.1.1. Prior to practicing the pronunciation, repeat the speaker's speech and

comprehend the word COTIf€XÍS...-. -- 5G 1119930119911 9 11 91011101 TH HH 32 5.1.2. Reading dictionary phonetic trafISCTIDẨIOTNS...- 5 5 5 1E + EEsseeeeeeereereee 32 5.1.3 recognizing the text's primary idea while reading...--- «+ cscseceeecee 33 5.1.4 Reviewing the original language before translating ...-.---«--«c+ce<c<«+ 33 5.1.5 Examining the grammar translation's results ... ..- 5 55+ +++x++erseeeereeeeee 34 5.2.The Google Translate Technology-Related Strategies ...- -- «+ +ss sex 34 5.2.1. Using headset to get clear listening... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.2.Setting the accent speaker's website address (British or American).Error! Bookmark not

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 8</span><div class="page_container" data-page="8">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Rationale of the study

It is popularly admitted that Language is an essential component of our society's cultural richness, as well as the world's in general. However, in order to stay up with the global standards in today's world, also known as the worldwide community, we must grasp English, an international language. Today, English is often regarded as the most widely used language for exchanging information and ideas among many nations and cultures. Countries can have mutual understanding and a sense of global citizenship in this multilingual environment thanks to their English translated versions. It is regarded as an effective method of learning to understand diverse cultures, communities, and people." People can get insight into their own culture and civilization by making comparisons, as well as mutually trade countries' beauty of cultural values. Furthermore, in today's period when countries are integrating for overall growth, English translated version helps induviduals comprehend each other better in the process of diplomatic relations, economic cooperation, and other fields. Therefore, English translation has steadily become a necessary and pressing tool that lays the groundwork for the global success of individuals, organizations, and even corporations in today's more developed society and fierce competition. When a result, as Vietnam becomes a member of the World Trade Organization,

Vietnamese students of English must have excellent translation skills so that they can meet the demand for integration into the global economy and cultural exchange with other nations. As a result, mastering translation skills is unquestionably advantageous for Vietnamese students seeking in the future

In the era of integration, universities are also paying special attention to training English majors with intensive translation skills as well as other English skills so that they can contribute their competence. its true language for the development of society. To accomplish this task well, understanding the difficulties of Vietnamese students when studying translation, Vietnamese -English translation is considered by National Economics University as a subject of practical significance for Vietnamese students. English majors begin their second year of interpreting courses. Understanding the importance of learning

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 9</span><div class="page_container" data-page="9">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

Vietnamese - English translation, students always want to improve their translation skills .

However, translation is an art that requires a lot of practice, expertise in both source language and target language. According to Searls-Ridge (2000), “Good translation skills are not born from birth, but from diligent practice. Every foreign language learner can become excellent translators if they go through the

process of studying and practicing translation constantly”. With the explosion of

scientific and technological achievements today, choosing a useful online translation tool is not too difficult for foreign language learners in general and students of spoken language in particular . However, to best support their foreign language translation practice, learners should also equip themselves with reliable translation tools. The “Google Translate” tool is one of the popular online

translation tools. “Google Translate provides one billion translations every day to

more than 200 million users” (Shankland, 2013). Just with an electronic device with an internet connection such as a computer, iPad, smartphone, etc., users can access the translation immediately and without any cost (Anazawa et al, 2013). So, does "Google Translate" really bring the best utilities for language major students? Is “Google Translate” really the most reliable tool for translating from English to Vietnamese for language students? In this article, the rearcher wants to mention the advantages and disadvantages in using the "Google Translate" tool to support English to Vietnamese translation for senior year language major students at National Economic university in the process of translation process .

1.2. Objectives of the Study

The study is aimed at advantages and disadvantages of using Google translate in English Vietnamese translation process, focusing on senior of BE major at NEU. The objective of study are:

a) Analyze the advantages of google translate in the translation process

b) Analyze the disadvantages of google translate in the translation process

1.3. Research questions

To conduct the study: "Advantages and disadvantages of using google translate in English — Vietnamese translation process, Senior English Majors, NEU", the researcher needed to complete the following two research questions:

- What advantages when senior Business English majors use Google Translate to translate from English to Vietnamese?

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 10</span><div class="page_container" data-page="10">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

- What disadvantages when senior Business English majors use Google Translate to translate from English to Vietnamese?

1.4. Scope of the Study

Content scope: The research focused on advantages and disadvantages of using Google translate in English Vietnamese translation process,120 senior Business English majors, NEU

Geographical scope: The research is based on National Economics University

Time scope: The research was conducted from September 2022 to October, 2022 1.5.Singnificant of the study

The results of this research are expected to be beneficial for:

1) Google Translate’s users

The author hopes that the study's findings will help users to know about google translate's advantages and disadvantages so the users will use Google Translate more wisely

2) The Linguists

The result of the study is with the hope that it will be very useful for the linguist to be succeed in general and making new conclusion in particular.

3) Other researchers

The author expects that this study will be utilized as a reference and will inspire future academics to continue researching and drawing fresh conclusions to the previously stated topic.

1.6. Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for the research is shown in Figure 1. The constructivism theory and the personal learning environment are the two theories that the study uses as its guiding principles. The first theory is constructivism, which emphasizes the creation of new knowledge based on previous knowledge with various perspectives (Reeves, 1992) .Hency, This theory enables the learner to construct new knowledge using his or her past information by employing web-based tools (GT tools), (Koohang et al. 2009)

The second idea, known as the "personal learning environment hypothesis," supports lifelong, informal education where students with various learning preferences can profit from the classroom setting (the Web and GT) (Attwell, 2007). Thus, this idea makes it easier for learners—those with various learning preferences—to use GT for informal, individual translation of various texts in

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 11</span><div class="page_container" data-page="11">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

and out of the classroom. The study addressed the problems with GT and the value of GT based on the principles of these theories. The study also aims to pointout the flaws and shortcomings of machine learning.

Machine Leaming

Gough Transte

Contacts Personalleaming

theory Eweemerit theory Drawhatks and mistakes of Google

Figure 1.1. Conceptual Framework

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 12</span><div class="page_container" data-page="12">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

CHAPTER II. LITERUATURE REVIEW

2.1. Translation theory

2.1.1. Definition of translation

Translation has been characterized in a variety of ways by various writers in the discipline. Based on how the interpreter comprehend translation and language, According to Choliludin (2007: 3), “Translation is a process that converts a written source language text into a text in the target language that is

optimally equivalent to the source language”, which mean this process requires

the translator to be aware of the syntactic, semantic, stylistic, and text pragmatic components of the original text.

Beside, Nida, E.A. and Taber.C.R.(1974) also claimed “Translation involves re-creating the message's closest natural counterpart of the target language, first in terms of meaning and subsequently in terms of style. Both of the aforementioned definitions imply that translation needs the use of two languages: the target or receptor language (TL or RL) and the source language (SL). Translation is the process of transferring the meaning of a text written in SL into a text written in TL.

Another definition introduced by Foster (1958:1) , he said that “Translation is a mental process that entails transferring the meaning of a certain linguistic conversation from one language to another". It entails translating linguistic notions from one language into equivalents in the other. The process of translating entails transferring the content of a text from its originating language into the target language. The source language (SL) is the language that must be translated, whereas the target language (TL) is the language into which the translation must be made. To accurately and faithfully communicate the author's objectives, original thoughts, and opinions in the translated version, the translator must have high linguistic sensitivity as well as deep knowledge of the source and target languages.

Translation is considered as a process and a product by Catford (1995:20), he defined translation as the substitution of text in one language (SL) with equivalent text in another language (TL). With regard to being an activity, this definition demonstrates that translation is a process. performed by people throughout time when complex phrases in a language are converted to simpler

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 13</span><div class="page_container" data-page="13">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

ones (Rewording and para-phrasing). Additionally, it is possible to translate words from one language into another. On the other hand, translation is a product since, when the translated writings reach us, they provide us with other civilizations, old societies, and civilized life (Yowell and Mutfah, 1999)

Similar definition is also mentioned by Larson (1984: 3). Translation, according to him, entails transferring the meaning of the source language into the target language. This is accomplished by using semantic structure to transition from a first language's form to a second language's form. It is meaning that is being transferred, and this meaning must be maintained. Just the format varies.

Steiner and Meschonnic view that translation as a particularly consistent illustration of human awareness in the process of understanding through hermeneutic investigation in Hewson (1991:9). Hermeneutic translation is the process of encountering a discrepancy between two cultural expressions that

simultaneously prompts the translators to reflect on their own perspectives and absorb those that they discovers to be differed to himself.

It follows from the aforementioned ideas that translating entails the process of conveying meaning from the source text to the target text. Finding the corresponding meaning of the source language statement in the target language is the goal of translation. In translation, meaning is crucial and must be maintained. A literary work is also transformed into a new literary work in a different language when it is translated. A translation novel is one that retains the spirit of the original text despite using a different language than the original. It also elicits the same response from readers in both languages.

2.1.2. Translation methods

Newmark,Peter (1988) discuss the difference between translation methods and translation procedures. He said that, " While translation methods deal with entire texts, translation procedures deal with sentences and smaller pieces of language." He then goes on to mention the following translation methods:

Equivalence Techniques method

The equivalent translation will be used in cases when two languages depict the similarity of the situation but have different stylistic or structural means. That is, when the translators does their job, they will need to add extra words to the statement or choose a limited number of terms with the same meaning to match the translation versions. It is only because of this pairing that the method can lead

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 14</span><div class="page_container" data-page="14">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

to "strange" stories happening, causing some kind of misunderstanding or confusion. Sometimes it even creates humor, but the basics remain the same about the word order as well as the grammar of the original language unchanged.

For example:

“Ouch” - ối

“Của rẻ là của ôi” - The dearest is the cheapest.

Literal Technique method

Literal Technique translation method means that the translator will not make too big changes in thinking about words or sentences in the original language, the focus of the method is on how the translator can translate most accurately according to the original text. . Because of that, this method is sometimes difficult due to differences in grammar, syntax of words and idioms of English with a number of different original languages.

Because this method of English translation helps readers have the most direct view and sometimes requires the translator to need interlanguage. The text translator will not only be a carrier of the message, but also take the role of the reader of the target text to understand it. Therefore, the most effective method is

when applied to languages with the same genealogy and cultural similarities. For example:

“She is deaf to all his advice’’ : cô ta lờ đi tất cả lời khuyên của anh ấy đưa ra.”

Adaption technique method

If you want to make your translation more complete and easy to understand for learners, you should follow this method of escape translation. Pay special attention to areas such as marketing, slogans, advertising or product names, ... will often be used a lot compared to other industries. Because for those translations, when applied to marketing strategies, it will be more towards a more creative style. From that document, it convinces the reader to take an interest in using the product, buying or selling a certain product. Once the translation is made more attractive, the creativity in it will always be high. Or simply, through the form of rewriting the original text in this new translated language, it is also

applied to the translation of poetry, songs or plays. For example :

The film is beyond any words “° : Day là bộ phim không thé chê vào đâu được

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 15</span><div class="page_container" data-page="15">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

Modulation Technique method

Modulation is a method of creating a translation that has a consistent change in the message, a change in perspective, or you see a certain issue from a different perspective. This variable method is used appropriately when translating text verbatim or transposition to get a grammatically correct sentence without losing the naturalness of the translated language. Modulation method is also the best way to help translators specifically distinguish between optional free modulation and forced fixed modulation.

For example:

“the time, when” replaced as “That, The Moment”

“It is not difficult to show" replaced as "It is easy to show” :khó có thé diễn dat

Transposition Technique method

Word conversion means that the translator will replace a word of this type with another word, but does not replace the synonym of the message to be conveyed. Note that the most dominant mode of conversion of this type of word usually does not occur only between the two types of verbs and nouns, because sometimes it also occurs between different types of words themselves.

For example:

“Ledger” : số cái

“Staff” :là độ ngũ nhân sự

Borrowing Technique method

For the translator, the borrowed translation method will be directly related to the use of the same word or the same expressive state expressed in the original text to reach the target text. This method is used most often when applied to cases

with the purpose of filling some semantic gap. More specifically, for a new technique where the concept is not exactly known, the borrowed method will be used and it is simpler to translate this concept compared to other methods.

For example:

“Email’’ and ‘’Internet”’

“canteen” and “căng tin”

Calque Technique method

In fact, copying is also a borrowed translation method, but it will be more special with the usual Borrowing Technique method. When used in this method, the

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 16</span><div class="page_container" data-page="16">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

entire syntax is borrowed for interpretation, which will help the separate components to be translated more literally without being too comprehensive. Furthermore, with transcription translation, translators will often tend to create a new word in the target language while the meaning of the structure of the source language remains the same.

For example: “Heavy industry” :công nghiệp nang “showroom” :phong trung bay

There arre many different types of translation methods, , However, it can be classified into seven popular methods of translation above which are most used and the translators can apply easily

2.1.3. Types of translation

Catford (1965) classifies translation according to its breadth, depth, and rank. He divides translation into complete and partial translation depending on the extent. There are total and limited translation on the levels of translation, and rank bound

and unbounded translation on the ranks. In a full translation, the entire text is put through the translation process, meaning that all of the text from the source

language is replaced with text from the target language.Whereas in a partial translation , some of the text in the original language untranslated. They are merely translated into the text of the target language.

According to Brislins perspective on the classification of translation ( Choliludin, 2006), translation can be divided into the following types depending on the purpose of translation

a. Pragmatic Translation

It is the translation of a message with an emphasis on the correctness of the information intended to be transmitted in the source language form. It is uninterested in any other characteristics of the original language version.

b. Aesthetic-poetic Translation

This relates to translation in which the translator considers the affect, emotion, and feelings of an original agnate version, the original author's artistic form, as well as any information in the message. Translations of sonnets, rhymes, heroic couplets, dramatic dialogues, and novels are examples of this style.

c. Ethnographic Translation

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 17</span><div class="page_container" data-page="17">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

The goal of ethnographic translation is to explain the cultural context of the source and target language versions. Translators must be alert to how words are used and understand how words fit into cultures.

d. Linguistic Translation

This is concerned with the comparable meanings of the source language's constituent morphemes and grammatical form. The language in a computer program and machine translation are two examples.

According to Brislin, there are two sorts of translation dependent on the type of content to be translated: factual translations and literary translations. Factual translation refers to translating to express information precisely, without incorporating the translator's emotions or feelings, but only based on factual facts, such as translating scientific disciplines, reports, newspapers, and so on. Literary translation is the translation of works of art. This type of translation involves the translator's emotion or feeling and is often subjective, as in the

translation of poems, theatre, novels, and so on.

Larson (1984: 15) distinguishes two forms of translation: form-based translation and meaning-based translation. Form-based translation, often known

as literal translation, seeks to follow the form of the Source Language, whereas meaning-based translation strives to transfer the meaning of the SL text in the receptor language's natural forms. Idiomatic translation is the term for this style of translation. According to Larson (1984: 16), idiomatic translations exploit the natural forms of the receptor language in both grammatical constructions and lexical item selection. A really idiomatic translation does not sound like one. It appears to have been written in the receptor language at first. As a result, a professional translator will attempt idiomatic interpretation. However, it is difficult to consistently translate idiomatically or literally. These translations are frequently a blend of literal and colloquial language. Then translation falls on a continuum from very literal, to literal, to modified literal, to near idiomatic, to idiomatic, and may fall even further on the overly free, as shown below.

<small>10</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 18</span><div class="page_container" data-page="18">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

VETY modified inconsistent fear unduly

literal literal literal mix ture idomatic idiomatic free

(note: the word tra@aslatr's is replaced with fuerpreter 5)

(Larson 1984. p.17) Figure 2.1. Translation as a continuum by Larson (1984: 17)

Translation are categorized into diverse groups and many linguists or researchers have been trying to classify and confine a certain number of

translation based on different perspectives and research methods. 2.1.4.The importance of translation

We will never know how many languages exist today in the world, let alone how many languages have existed throughout human history, even with the most modern and sophisticated communication technology. According to some sources, the world possesses two or three thousand languages, while others suggest that the number might be as high as eight thousand. What a habit of man's to converse in multiple languages! As a result, he creates obstacles and difficulties for himself.

Because communication within a single community is limited, there are certain to be situations where some people are unable to understand the words or expressions of others. This phenomenon provides a barrier to understanding when man attempts to communicate across a huge distance of space or over a long period of time. To circumvent this constraint, something must be done. Individuals who are fluent in a foreign language can circumvent the ban. This, however, is not the final solution because no one person appears to be fluent in all of the languages in use. Even if the best polyglot only understands about twenty-five languages, people still want to read what others write and say. Translation and interpreting may be regarded as the most widely accepted method of overcoming the problem. As a result, experienced translators and interpreters are in high demand (Nababan, M.R. 2003)

Translation, according to Stuart, is the result of language learning projected onto an interlanguage framework. As a result, translation skills should be

<small>lãi</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 19</span><div class="page_container" data-page="19">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

evaluated in relation to the state of the learner's interlanguage at any level of development (Stuart Campbell, 1980).

Translation is a normal, everyday action that is becoming increasingly crucial in today's globalized world. Many students, whether in their own country or

abroad, must interpret language on a regular basis, both casually and professionally. This is especially important considering the growing importance of online information. Translation can aid in the writing process, especially at the lower levels. Acording to (Stuart Campbell, 1980) “ Learners tend to be able to obtain more information in their original language, which they can then translate”

Most the researchers completely support the arguments presented above. Translation becomes required and significant when the human language appears. When all countries throughout the world communicate and work in sectors such as culture, education, business, and so on, translation becomes increasingly important. The emergence of a common language is essential to meet the needs of the multilingual world's progress. English is currently widely used as the universal language around the world. English is becoming more important in our country's economic life. Contracts, communications, agreements, and conventions, for example, are all written in English and must be adequately translated when our government engages with international investors. As a result,

the significance of translation was linked to every aspect of society. 2.1.5. The Problem in Translation Process

There are bound to be numerous barriers or problems encountered by the translator during the translation process. According to Mathiew (2015), there are six translator issues that translators face. The first is the lexical seminal problem of analyzing the meaning of every vocabulary element in a language as a standalone unit, regardless of its position in sentence arrangement. The word context is still difficult to understand. The second issue is one of grammar. Many translators who frequently make grammar errors do so through both deliberate and unconscious usage of suitable grammar contexts. The third is a syntactic problem, which is concerned with the principles and procedures for creating

sentences in natural language. The fourth is a rhetorical difficulty, which is a form of language style. Rhetorical is the master of inquiries that don't really need to be answered. Because the statement is not direct, many translators continue to

<small>12</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 20</span><div class="page_container" data-page="20">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

misinterpret every sentence in rhetorical form. The fifth is a pragmatic problem, which is the problem of sentence position, and the last is a cultural problem. A translator must sometimes have a good understanding of the language context based on culture, such as when using regional languages.

2.2. Machine translation

2.2.1.The history/development of machine translation.

According to Bar Hillel (1960) "automated translation is a mix of human and machine to translate from one language to another." According to Kiibler (2007), he generalizes the process of formation and growth of automatic translation systems into four major stages:

- In the period of 50s-60s: Because of political and military reasons during WWII, the first true automatic translation system was born in 1954, with 49 phrases translated from English. Russian to English translation But for a long period after then, there were few fresh advancements in this field according to

the ALPC report in 1966.

- 1967-1976: Automatic translation was not created in the United States during this time period, but it was developed in Canada, Europe, and Japan, the countries stated above. At this moment, Canada's TAUM-meter system is a good example of the development of automatic translation (to translate meteorological events). This is the premise for numerous initiatives, such as SYSTRAN (of Grenoble, France), which was developed in 1976 and is still in use today. Can mention Logos, METAL (a SYSTRAN-developed automatic translation system), GETA, EUROTA, and others.

- The 80s: In this period, automatic translation made significant progress from this perio. Other automatic translation systems based on artificial intelligence are being developed as a result of ongoing research in this field. During this time, translation memory with much greater store capacity are built.

- 90s to present: Automated translation systems began to flood the market and gradually evolved into an excellent translation support tool, particularly in the disciplines of science and technology. These systems are increasingly investing in rich grammatical structures as well as vocabulary. Nowadays, the major types of automatic translation are statistical or based on sample cases. (However, Bar Hillel (1960) refered that “experimental automatic translation exists in addition

to automatic translation based on statistics”.)

<small>13</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 21</span><div class="page_container" data-page="21">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

Nowadays, Automatic translation can translate up to 200,000 words from the source language to the target language (Boilet, 2007). It is apparent that machine translation is rapidly evolving.

2.2.2. Google Translate

Google Translate (GT) is a machine translation (MT) service provided by Google that translates numerous languages throughout the world. According to Bahri and Mahadi (2016), Google Translate is a free machine translation service provided by Google that is used to translate text from one language to another. According to Boitet, Herve, Mark, and Valérie et al. (2009), Google Translate is a Google-created automatic machine translation. This machine can help in the process of translating a source language into a target language. According to the above definition, GT is one of the automatic machine translation services offered by Google Company to deliver translation services from source languages to

destination languages.

Google Translate is a foreign language translating system designed by Google for internet users with the goal of making foreign languages easy to grasp. According to the Google Translate Community, GT is an open online group founded by Google to help improve their software, with over three million members and more than 90 million translations changed and enhanced (Google, 2016). As a result, there are many Google Translate users and translators who are eager to help their users.

2.2.3. Google translation process

When translating a text, based on the translator's purpose, according to Larson (1984: 3) , he refered that google translation process is an idiomatic translation in which they make every attempt to express their meaning of the SL text into the natural forms of the recipient language. Furthermore, he claims that translation is concerned with the analysis of the vocabulary, grammatical structure, communicative setting, and cultural context of the SL text in order to identify its meaning. The discovered meaning is subsequently

re-expressed or rebuilt utilizing the receptor language's and cultural context's vocabulary and grammatical structure. Larson depicts the translation process in the diagram below.

<small>14</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 22</span><div class="page_container" data-page="22">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

<small>SOURCE LANGUAGE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE</small>

Figure 2.2.Translation process by Larson ( 1984:4)

In additon, Nida and Taber (1982: 33) also classified translation process into three stages: (1) analysis, in which the surface structure is analyzed in terms of (a) grammatical relationships and (b) the meaning of words and word combinations, (2) transfer, in which the analyzed material is transferred from language A to language B in the translator's mind, and (3) restructuring, in which the transferred material is restructured to make the final message fully acceptable

in the receptor language. The translation process is depicted in the diagram

<small>Figure 3. Tronslition process hy Nida and Taber (1985: 33)</small>

Figure 2.3. Translation process by Nida and Taber (1982: 33)

There are many researchs and perpectives are mentioned , it can be noticed that the translation process is transfer from the source language to target language through many steps that are operated by google translate

2.2.4. The Strategies of Using Google Translate

The usage of GT in the learning process can be utilized as a tool to increase English learning ability. However, the GT translation could not be utilized as a

<small>15</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 23</span><div class="page_container" data-page="23">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

reliable reference because it is machine translation that is grammatically incorrect and cannot be compared to the outcomes of human translation. As a result, teachers’ roles in understanding the usage of GT and teaching students about

what principles they should follow while using GT in terms of first grammar and second language to develop students’ skills in their native language and foreign languages are critical (Alley, 2015).

Furthermore, Zanettin (2009) states that if students were aware of the inadequacies of the Google Translation results, they tended to closely evaluate the translation to assure the quality of the GT output. The metacognitive perspective method is vital for students if they want to be successful in using GT in the learning process with the goal of monitoring learning outcomes using GT. According to Pritchard (2008), using metacognitive methods and critically

checking the output of translations can lead to enhanced language proficiency.

According to Gracia (2010), the three tactics for adopting GT are first pre-editing, which ensures that the first language is effective in terms of grammar before being translated into the target language. The second step is post-editing, which involves revising the GT translation results by ensuring that the target language context matches the first language. The third is selective use, which is the selection of words that are appropriate for the context of the writing. All three have been shown to improve students’ grasp of reading and writing during the

learning process.

2.2.5. The Problem of Using Google Translate

According to Pujiati (2017), based on a survey, there are three issues that students have when using the Google Translate program. First, because Google Translate frequently translates word for word, students are frequently misled by the translation results. Second, there are structural differences between English grammar and Indonesian grammar. These two languages have differing grammatical patterns, which might be challenging for students who do not grasp the two languages. Third, students frequently do not hunt for the exact counterpart in the target language, resulting in ambiguous and unclear meaning.

2.2.6. The relationship between translation and google translation

Translation is defined as the act of mediating meaning from a source language into a target language (Zanettin, F. (2009). Furthermore, translation is a process of transferring meaning from source language to receptor language on a

<small>16</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 24</span><div class="page_container" data-page="24">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

structurally simple level, which 1s done stylistically and semantically to meet the equivalent expression in the receptor language (Shaheen, 1991). In general, translation entails duplicating the most natural, close equivalent of words from a source language to a target or receptor language while keeping the original meaning and style in mind. Taking this definition into account, the most important aspect of translation is transferring the same meaning from the source language or the original text into the target language while constantly changing the style to the current target language so that the result is accurate as well as natural. As a result, the three characteristics of source language text, target language text, and meaning are interwoven in the translation process. In general, the translation process consists of numerous steps. They are assessing the source text, transferring its meaning into the target text, and finally restructuring the text into the target language based on its modification. The translation process is depicted in figure 1, as adopted from Nida and Taber (Nida & Taber, 1969).

<small>SOURCE LANGUAGE AECEPTOR LANGUAGE</small>

<small>TEXT TRANSLATION</small>

<small>ANALYSIS RESTRUCTURING</small>

| TRANSFER |

Figure 2.4. The Strategies of Using Google Translate (Nida and Taber ,1969)

Furthermore, another stage that is supposed to be performed in a deeper translation process is testing the translation result. Testing the translation result is important in order to ensure that the translation result is accurate in meaning and style. Testing or re-analyzing the translation result is important since getting the meaning that is exactly the same as source language terms is tough. This is owing to the fact that both languages use distinct systems. Furthermore, a translator technique in delivering translation becomes one of the most important factors

influencing what equivalent word is used. The tendency of a translator to use foreignization and domestication in translating specific texts has a substantial

impact on the final text (Tuckman, Bruce W. (1972).

Equivalence is a condition in which the words used in the target language accurately represent the meaning of the terms used in the source language.

<small>17</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 25</span><div class="page_container" data-page="25">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

Equivalence is not the same as exact meaning, but it is the best substitute for the translated words. However, translation is not a straightforward operation that is completed once the equivalence is determined. Every translation result must meet the requirements of a good translation in order to be qualified. The translation result is excellent when it fits three criteria: correctness, clarity or readability, and naturalness (Murwantono, 2008). The meaning or idea of the source language text is translated and reproduced as accurately as feasible into the target language text. When the meaning of the source language text is given properly,

easily, and completely understandable by the intended target language text subject, translation is obvious. This is frequently referred to as communicative translation. Finally, translation is natural when the style or form utilized in the target language text is as natural and seamless as feasible while being relevant to the source content. This topic considers the role of equivalency.

Actually, addressing these ideal translation needs is a difficult task for a translator. As a result, translation may take some time to complete. However, due to the high need for translation, technologies that can aid human translation are being developed. The technology is expected to ease and simplify the translation process. Machine Translation is the name given to the most recent translation technology (MT, here after). MT is a subset of computational linguistics that employs specialized software to translate text from one language to another (AI-Tuwayrish, 2015). Using MT entails delegating the translation task to a machine For years, MT has gained popularity as processing power, linguistic data, and the growing need for automation have increased. Previously, sets of linguistic rules were manually inserted by linguists and translators for each language pair (Doherty, 2016). Because of the availability of human translation data, this translation machine produces a new kind of translation output, which influences the current translation trend. The rising need for translation in any industry as a result of trading, globalization of communication, global business, and so on

drives the advancement of machine translation. Actually, the general role of machine translation is to assist, and possibly completely assist, human translation in providing the target language content to match the ideal translation In this regard, MT is of considerable assistance because it provides a technological touch that is supposed to ease, simplify, and minimize the cost of translation. However, when MT is used as a full translator, it has a tough time modifying

<small>18</small>

</div><span class="text_page_counter">Trang 26</span><div class="page_container" data-page="26">

Nguyễn Thị Diễm Lộc — 11193128 - Business English 61B

meaning and determining equivalence because human language is a complicated system with many facets (Azer, 2015). Several prior studies on evaluations of machine translation have demonstrated that it is not as accurate as human translation (Al-Tuwayrish, 2015; Azer, 2015; Kadhim, Habeeb, Sapar, Hussin, & Abdullah, 2013). However, several studies have shown that MT translation results are valuable, particularly as a first assist in foreign language learning (Lin & Chien, 2009). This contentious circumstance implies that a more in-depth examination of the usage of MT is still required. This is also corroborated by the current scenario, in which the use of MT has recently increased dramatically, as evidenced by the rapid use of various applications that provide instant translation. The advancement of the internet has a significant impact on the growth of MT. Google Translate is one of the most developed machine translations of all time, and it is now known as the most popular machine translation since people prefer looking for it rather than the actual human translation (Bahri, 2016). It shown that machine translation plays an important role in the field of translation.

<small>19</small>

</div>