r

•

x

x

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
•

•

TRUONG DAI HOC CAN THO
•

•

A

NGO THANH VU

DA

DANG HOA SINH

KE

VA THU NHAP

•

•

CUA HO DAN TOC KHMER O
•

•

DONG BANG SONG CCU LONG

LITAN AN TIEN
NGANH KINH
X

Si

Tt NONG NGHIEP

MA SO: 62620115

NAM 2023


BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO
•

•

•


TRiroCNG DAI HOC CAN THO

NGO THANH VU

MA SO NCS: P0816006

DA

DANG HOA SINH

KE

VA THU NHAP

•

•

CUA HO DAN TOC KHMER O
•

•

DONG BANG SONG CUT LONG
H AN AN TIEN SI
NGANH KINH TE NONG NGHIEP
MASO: 62620115

CAN BO HI ONG DAN
PGS. TS. QUAN MINH NHCT


NAM 2023


LOI CAM ON

Trong suot qua trinh hoc tap, nghien ciru va thuc hien luan an nay, ban than toi da
nhan dirge nliieu sir dong vien. giup do chan thanh, quy bau cua quy Thay, Co, ban be,
dong nghiep va gia dinh.
Dac biet. toi xin bay to long biet cm sail sac, chan thanh den PGS.TS. Quan Minli
Nhirt. nguai Thay* luon tan tinh chi day, dinh huang va gop y cho toi hoan thanh luan

an. Thay cung da dong vien giup toi vugt qua nhung kho khan trong nghien ciru va thuc
hien luan an nay.
%

£
Toi chan thanh cam on quy Thay , Co cua Truong Kinh te

*

*
'

Tho

- Tnrang Dai hoc Can

^
'


r

#

da tan tinh tmyen dat kien thuc trong nhung nam toi hoc tap. Von kien thuc diroc

,

tiep thu trong qua trinli hoc tap kliong chi la nen tang cho qua trinh thuc hien nghien ciru
de hoan thanh luan an nay ma con la tri thuc quy bau giup toi trong nghien ciru va cong
tac thuc tien sau nay.

Toi xin gui loi cam on chan thanh den Ban lanh dao Vuon Quoc gia U Minh

Thirang tinh Kien Giang; Ban lanh dao Tning tarn Xuc tien Dau tu. Thirang mai va Du
lich tinh Kien Giang; Ban lanh dao So Du lich tinh Kien Giang, day la nhung noi toi da
va dang cong tac, da tao nhieu dieu kien thuan loi de toi dirge yen tarn hoc tap trong suot
thoi gian hoc tap. nghien ciru.
Toi xin cam on Tnrang Dai hoc Can Tho. dac biet la Klioa Sau Dai hoc da to chirc
va tao dieu kien ve moi tnrang hoc tap rat tot. Toi xin bay to long cam an den cac ban
hoc vien, nghien ci'm sinh Tnrang Kinh te

- Truang Dai hoc Can Tho da chia se nliieu

thong tin, tai lieu hoc tap va nghien cuu, ung ho toi trong qua trinli hoc tap, thuc hien
hoan thanh luan an.
r

'


Trong qua trinli thirc hien luan an klio tranli klioi tliieu sot, rat mong nhan dirge sir
gop y chan thanh cua quy Thay, Co va dong nghiep de giup toi hoan thanh tot nhat luan
an nay.
Tran trong• ./.
Can Tha, ngay 25 lhang 12 nam 2023
Nghien ciru sinh

/r

U

Ngo Thanh Vu


TOM TAT
Muc tieu nghien ciru ciia luan an la danh gia tlnrc trang, phan tich cac yeu
to anh hirong den da dang hoa sinh ke, moi quan he giira da dang hoa sinh ke den
thu nhap cua ho Khmer, tir do de xuat cac giai phap phu hofp giup ho dan toe
Klimer d DBSCL on dinh thu nhap trong giai doan hien nay. Ket qua nghien ciru
cho thay so lirong nghe binh quan cua ho Klimer trang binh la 2,166 nghe/ho trong
giai doan 2018-2020, nghien ciru cung chi ra rang co 14 bien doc lap co y nghia
thong' ke. trong do co 05 bien' tac dong ciing chieu' (trinh do hoc van', quy

mo gia dinh, plnrong tien san xuat, tham gia hiep hoi, moi quan he xa hoi) va

6 bien (tuoi chit ho, dao tao nghe, tiet kiem, ho trp cua chinh phu, tnrdng day
nghe va lirong nnra ) tac dong ngiroc chieu vdi bien phu thuoc da dang hoa sinh
ke ciia ho Khmer. Ben canh do, nghien ciru cung nhan thay rang co moi quan
he giira da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap cua ho Khmer, cac ho co mire do da


dang hoa sinh ke cang cao thi thu nliap cang tang trong giai doan 2018 - 2020.

Dong thdi, nghien ciru cung chi ra rang ket qua iroc lirong trong ca 3 mo
hinh 2SLS, GMM va GMM - REM deu cho thay nn'rc do da dang hoa co anh
hirong den thu nhap ciia ho dan toe Klimer viing DBSCL vdi 05 bien doc lap co

y nghia thong ke, trong do co 04 bien tac dong ciing chieu (SID. nam phong van.
trinh do hoc van va dien tich dat san xuat) va 01 bien ( moi quan he xa hoi) tac
dong ngiroc chieu vdi bien phu thuoc thu nhap cua ho Klimer. Ddi vdi bien thdi

gian ( so nam phdng van 2018 va 2020) thi co y nghia thong ke d nn'rc 5% trong
mo hinh GMM - REM , dieu nay cho thay nam 2020 cac ho Klimer da co sir
^

*

thay ddi thu nliap dang ke hon so vdi nam 2018. Ngoai ra, nghien ciru da chi ra
rang vdi mo hinh 2SLS, GMM-REM cho thay kliong co sir
kliac biet ve thu
.
doi vdi mo hinh
nhap ciia cac ho Khmer tai cac tinh nghien ciru. The nhirng
GMM cho thay cac ho Klimer tinh Soc Trang co nn'rc thu nliap nhieu nhat, ke
den la tinh Tra Vinh va cuoi ciing la tinli Kien Giang.

Tren co so cac ket qua nghien ciru, tac gia de xuat mot so bien phap nham
cai thien klia nang da dang hoa sinh ke dam bao ddi song on dinh cua ho dan
toe Klnner d DBSCL nlnr sau:


Thir nhat, nha nirdc can quan tarn nang cao trinh do giao due va trinh do
chuyen mon ky thuat cho ho dan toe Klimer tai dia plnrong. Thu hai, co chinli


sach tao dieu kien cho thi tnrong lao dong a kliu virc co dong dongS bao dan
A

**

\

>

toe

JS

Khmer phat trien. Thu ba, chinli sach mo rong cac co so va chirong trinh tin dung

-

va don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinli de cac ho gia dinh Khmer de tiep can.
w

r

Thu tu, chinli quyen dia phuang thuc hien cac chinli sach kliuyen kliich thu hut cac
ho dan toe Klimer tham gia vao cac hiep hoi, doan the, co quan. to chvrc chinli tri

-


xa hoi tren dia ban. Cuoi ciing, cac cap, cac nganli chuc nang can quan tarn day
manh phat trien co so ha tang giao thong, nliat la he thong giao

thong dirbng bo. dubng thuy.
Ket qua nghien ciru cua luan an con co mot so y nghia ve mat hoc thuat,
dong gop phong phu them cho tu lieu nghien ciru thirc nghiem trong do hrdng va

phan tich cac yeu to tac dong den da dang hoa sinli ke. anil hirong cua da dang
hoa sinh ke den thu nliap. Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien ciru va cac giai phap de xuat

giup hieu ro dac diem ho Klimer va cac nguon lire deni den thu nhap
cua ho Klimer. Dieu nay se giup cac co quan chuyen 111611 co the tham kliao

van dung xay dung chinli sach trong viec quan ly phat trien doi voi dong bao
dan toe Klimer.

111


ABSTRACT

The research objectives of the thesis are to assess the current situation, analyze
the factors affecting livelihood diversification and the relationship between livelihood
diversification and income of Khmer households , thereby proposing suitable solutions to

help Khmer ethnic households in the Mekong Delta stabilize their income in the current
period. The research results show that the average number of occupations Khmer
households had 2.166 occupations per household in the period between 2018 and 2020,
the study also shows that there are 14 independent variables with statistical


significance, of which five variables have the same direction (education level, family
size, means of production, association membership, social relationships) and six variables
(

the age of householder, vocational training, savings, government support, vocational

schools, and rainfall) have negative effects on the dependent variable of livelihood
diversification of Khmer households. In addition, the study has also found that there is a

relationship between livelihood diversification and the income of Khmer households, the
higher the level of livelihood diversification, the higher the income increases in the period
2018 - 2020.
At the same time, the study has also shown that the estimation results in all three
models of 2SLS, GMM and GMM

- REM which indicate that the degree of

diversification affects the income of Khmer ethnic households in the Mekong Delta with
05 independent variables, in which there are 04 variables that have the same direction
(SID.

year of interview, education level and production area); and 01 variable ( social

relationship) has a negative impact on the dependent variable on the income of Khmer
households. The time variable (the number of interview years 2018 and 2020) has
statistically significant at the 5% level in the GMM - REM model, which shows that in
2020 Khmer households have had a more significant change in income compared with
2018. Furthermore, the study has shown that there is no difference in the income of
Khmer households in the studied provinces with the 2SLS and GMM-REM models.


However, the GMM model shows that the Khmer households in Soc Trang province
have the highest income level, followed by Tra Vinh province and finally in Kien Giang

province.
On the basis of the research results, the author proposes a number of measures to

improve the ability to diversify livelihoods to ensure a stable life for ethnic minority
households in the Mekong Delta as follows:
IV


Firstly, the state should pay attention to improvin the education levels and technical

qualifications for local Khmer ethnic households. Secondly, there are policies to create
favorable conditions for the labor market where there are a large number of Khmer
ethnic people to develop. Thirdly, the policy of expanding credit facilities and

programs, and simplifying administrative procedures that are easy to access for rural
households. Fourthly, the local authorities implement policies to encourage the ethnic
minority households to participate in associations, unions, agencies and socio-political
organizations in the area. Finally, all levels and functional sectors need to pay attention
to promote the development of transport infrastructure, especially the road and

waterway transport system.
The research results of the thesis also have some academic significance and
contribute enriching empirical research materials in measuring and analyzing factors
affecting livelihood diversification and the influence of livelihood diversification on
income. In addition, the research results and proposed solutions help to understand the


characteristics of Khmer households and the sources of income of Khmer households.
This will help the professional agencies be able to refer to the application of policy
development in the management and development of Khmer ethnic people.

v


CAM DOAN KET QUA NGHIEN ClJtJ
Toi xin cam ket luan an nay dirge hoan thanh dira tren cac ket qua nghien cira cua toi
va cac ket qua nghien ciru nay chira dirge dung cho bat cir luan an cung cap nao kliac.
Can Tha, ngay 25 lhang 12 nam 2023
Can bo hirdng dan

Nghien ciru sinh

/Vlc^
Ngo Thanh Vu

PGS. TS Quan Minh Nhirt

vi


MI• C Ll• C
i

LOI CAM ON
TOM TAT

••

11

ABSTRACT

iv

CAM DOAN KET QUA

VI

NGHlfcN CUU

••

Myc Lye

\ii

\i

DANH MyC BANG
DANH MyC

HiNH

\lll
•••

DANH MUC TU VIET


xiv

TAT

CHUONG 1 GIO I THIEU

1

1.1 Ly do chon de tai

1

1.1.1 Tmh cap thiet ve mat ly thuyet .

1

1.1.2 Tmh cap thiet ve mat thuc tien

9

’

.

1.2 Muc tieu nghien ciru

3

1.2.1 Muc tieu chung cua nghien ciru


3

*

3

1.2.2 Muc tieu cu the cua nghien ciru
1.3 Cau hoi nghien ciru
1.4 Pham vi nghien ciru

4
4

W

4

1.4.1 Doi tirgng nghien ciru
1.4.2 Kliong gian nghien cim

5

1.4.3 Thai gian thu thap so lieu

6

1.5 Dong gop cua luan an

6


1.5.1 Ve ly luan

6

1.5.2 Ve thuc tien

6

1.6 Cau true cua luan an

7

CHUONG 2 TONG QUAN TAI LIEU

9

2.1 Co so ly luan

9
••

Vll


9

2.1.1 Cac kliai niem
f

/


12

2.1.2 Cac chi so do hrdng da dang hoa sinh ke

15

2.1.3 Cach tiep can khung phan tich sinh ke
r

99

r

2.1.4 Cac yeu to anh hirong den da dang hoa sinh ke
9

9

2.1.5 Moi quan he giira da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap
2.2 Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciru
9

2.2.1 Mot so nghien ciru thirc nghiem ve do hrdng da dang hoa

2.2.2 Danh gia tong quan tai lieu nghien ciru
9

27
29

32

32
44
45

2.3 Mo hinli nghien ciru va gia thuyet nghien ciru

2.3.1 Mo hinh nahien ciru

45

2.3.2 Gia thuyet nghien ciru

49

CHlTONG 3 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

55

3.1 Phiromg phap thu thap dfr lieu

55

3.1.1 Dfr lieu thir cap

55

3.1.2 Dfr lieu so cap


55

3.2 Phirong phap phan tich

57

3.2.1 Thong ke mo ta

57

%

/

57

3.2.2 Phan tich hoi quy da bien
3.2.3 Phan tich hoi quy bien cong cu

61

CHUONG 4 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

65

4.1 Tong quan ve vung DBSCL

65

4.1.1 Dac diem tu nhien


65

4.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi

67

4.1.3 Thirc trang trien kliai thirc hien cac clnrong trinh, dir an va chinh sach dan toe tai vung

DBSCL

71

4.2 Thirc trang doi song kinh te

4.2.1

9

- xa hoi cua cong dong ngiroi Klmier 6 Viet Nam va DBSCL
75
75

9

Co cau dan so va quy mo ho gia dinh
Vlll


77


4.2.2 Cac van de ve kinh te - xa hoi
*

80

4.2.3 Trinh do hoc van va thu nhap cua ho dan toe Khmer
/

/

82

4.3 Thirc trang von sinh ke cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL
'

9

82

4.3.1 Nguon von con ngirai cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL
4.3.2 Thong tin ve von vat chat cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL

89

4.3.3 Thona tin ve von tai chinh cua ho Khmer viina DBSCL

92

4.3.4 Thong tin ve von tir nhien cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL


95

4.3.5 Thong tin ve von xa hoi

98

A

102

4.3.6 Thong tin ve dac diem khu virc
A

X

103

4.4 Thirc trang nguon thu nliap cua ho Klimer vung DBSCL

103

4.4.1 Thu nhap cua ngirai dan Khmer
4.4.2 Ty le cac nguon thu nliap
f

105

106


'

4.4.3 Co cau cac nguon thu nliap

^

108

4.5 Mire do da dang hoa sinh ke tac dong thu nhap cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL
t

*

108

4.5.1 Mire do da dang hoa sinh ke theo cac chi so do hrdng

.

4.5.2 Mire do da dang hoa sinh ke theo phan loai ho ngheo
\

r

r

ho can ngheo va ho kliong ngheo
109
r


r

4.5.3 Tac dong cua cac nguon von sinh ke de mire do da dang hoa sinh ke cua ho Kluner
vning DBSCL
110
114
4.5.4 Da dang hoa sinh ke tac dong den thu nhap
115
4.6 Da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap cua ho dan toe Klimer vung DBSCL
9

r

4.6. 1 Cac yeu to anh hirang den da dang hoa sinh ke ciia ho dan toe Klimer vung DBSCL .115
f

*

t

4.6.2 Anh hirang cua da dang hoa sinh ke den thu nhap cua ho dan toe Klimer vung DBSCL
120
f

'

4.7 Mot so giai phap lam tang mire do da dang hoa sinh ke cua ho Klimer vung DBSCL ... 127
127
4.7.1 Nhom giai phap ve cai thien va nang cao cac nguon von sinh ke ho Klimer
'


\

r

r

4.7.2 Nhom giai phap ve cai thien kha nang da dang hoa sinh ke dam bao ddi song on dinli
130

thu nhap ciia ho dan toe Klimer a DBSCL
IX


A
*

r\

*

4.7.3 Nhom giai phap ve phat trien sinli ke ben virng cua ho Khmer vung DBSCL
4.7.4 Nhom giai phap ve irng dung tien bo klioa hoc ky thuat nham day manh da dang hoa
sinh ke phu hop voi van hoa cua ngiroi Kluner hing DBSCL

132
133

\


CHUONG 5 KET LUAN

135

VA KIEN NGHI
•

•

5.1 Ket luan
5.2 Kien nghi

135
136
136

.

5.2 1 Doi vai Chinli phu

136

5.2.2 Doi voi Uy ban Dan toe
*

,

*

t


5.2.3 Doi voi chinli quyen cac tinh thanh pho d DBSCL

5.2.4

'

'

Doi voi cong dong dan

cir (
*

137
,

)

"

ke ca ngiroi Kluner

cac tinh

t

1

thanh pho co dong dong bao


dan toe Kluner sinh song tai vung DBSCL

140

5.2.5 Kien nghi nhung hirbng nghien ciru tiep theo

140

DANH Myc

CAC BAI BAO DA CONG BO

146

PHU LUC 1 BANG CAU HOI HO KHMER
•

•

•

2

PHUC LUC : BANG CAU
•

•

PHUC LUC

•

3:

HOI

CHUYEN GIA

DANH SACH CHUYEN GIA

•

KET QUA PHAN TIC H CAC YEU TO ANH HlTONG DEN DA DANG
HOA SINH KE VA THU NHAP
PHUC LUC 4:

PHUC LUC 5: DANH SACH HO KHMER PHONG VAN

x


DANH MI C BANG
39

Bang 2.1 Cac nghien ciru khac co lien quan den da dang hoa sinh ke
Bang 3.1 Chi tiet ve co mau dieu tra

57

Bang 4.1 Dan so Klimer va ty le tang binh quan/nam


75

f

'

'

f

76

Bang 4.2 Thong tin ve co cau dan so
Bang 4.3 Thong tin ve so ho dan toe Klnner DBSCL so voi quy mo ho cua ca niroc ..76
Bang 4.4 So xa dac biet kho khan a 9 tinh vung DBSCL
Bang 4.5 Ty le ho co nha o theo mire do kien co

77
78

Bang 4.6 Ty le co nha a theo hinh thirc so him

79

Bang 4.7 Ty le ho ngheo va can ngheo ciia dong bao dan toe Khmer .

80

Bang 4.8 Ty trong lao dong ciia ngiroi Khmer nam 2015 den 2019 ....


81

Bang 4.9 Ty le ngiroi Klnner tir 15 tuoi trb len theo trinh do giao due

81

Bang 4.10 Trinh do lao dong ngiroi Klnner tir 15 tuoi tro len

82

Bang 4.11 Thong tin dap vien

84

Bang 4.12 Thong tin ngiroi song chung

86

Bang 4.13 Thong tin ve von vat chat ciia nong ho nam 2018 va 2020

89

Bang 4.14 Dien tich san binh quan ciia ho Klnner theo mire do thu nhap vimg DBSCL
91

Bang 4.15 So sanh dien tich san binh quan theo mire thu nhap ba tinh vung DBSCL .91
Bang 4.16 So sanh von tai chinh ciia nong ho gifra nam 2018 va 2020

Bang 4.17 Von vay binh quan ciia ho Khmer theo mire do thu nhap viing DBSCL


92
93

Bang 4.18 So sanh von vay binh quan theo mire thu nhap ba tinh viing DBSCL ...

94

Bang 4.19 Thong tin ve nguon von tir nhien ciia nong ho nam 2018 va 2020

95

Bang 4.20 Dien tich sir dung dat binh quan ciia ho Klimer theo mire do thu nhap vung
DBSCL

96

Bang 4.21 So sanh dien tich dat sir dung binh quan theo mire thu nhap ba tinh vung
DBSCL
Bang 4.22 Co cau co tham gia hiep hoi ciia ho Klimer theo mire do thu nhap

xi

97
100


102

Bang 4.23 So sanh von tai tro cua nong ho gitra nam 2018 va 2020


Bang 4.24 Sac diem khoang each tir nha den thi trail cua ho Klimer vung BBSCL ..103
Bang 4.25 Ty le cac nguon thu nhap cua ho Khmer vung kliao sat giai doan 2018 - 2020
104
Bang 4.26 Ty le cac nguonJ thu nhap cua ho Khmer vung kliao sat giai doan 2018 - 2020 105

107
Bang 4.27 Co cau thu nhap cua ho Khmer vung kliao sat giai doan 2018 - 2020
Bang 4.28 Mire do da dang hoa sinli ke'
theo cac chi so do ltrong cua ho Klimer vung
DBSCL
108
9

9

Bang 4.29 Mire do da dang hoa sinli ke phan loai ho ngheo, ho can ngheo va ho kliong
109
ngheo cua ho Klimer vung BBSCL
r

r

r

Bang 4.30 Trinh do hoc van cua ho Klimer tac dong den mire do da dang hoa sinli ke
110
9

f


Bang 4.31 Plnrong tien san xuat cua ho Klimer tac dong den mire do da dang hoa sinli
111
ke
112
Bang 4.32 Von vay cua ho Kluner tac dong den mire do da dang hoa sinli ke
'

9

'

Bang 4.33 Bien tich dat san xuat cua ho Kluner tac dong den mire do da dang hoa sinli
113
ke
r

'

Bang 4.34 Tham gia hiep hoi cua ho Kluner tac dong den nitre do da dang hoa sinli ke
f

Bang 4.35 Thu nhap binh quan cua ho Kluner theo nitre do da dang hoa sinli ke

114
114

^

Bang 4.36 Cac yeu to anh htrong den da dang hoa sinli ke (SIB) cua ho Klimer vung

BBSCL
Bang 4.37 Kiem dinh cac gia dinh cua mo hinh

116
121

Bang 4.38 Anh htrong cua sir da dang hoa sinli ke (SIB) den thu nhap cua ho Kluner
123

vung BBSCL

Xll


DANH MI C HINH
^

*

*

r

5

Hinh 1.1 Ban <36 vi tri dia diem phong van
Hinli 2.1 Phan tich killing sinh ke ciia nong ho

15


Hinh 2.2 Killing phan tich sinh ke ben virng UNDP

23

Hinli 2.3 Killing phan tich sinh ke ben vung CARE

24

Hinh 2.4

Killing phan tich da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap ciia ho dan toe Khmer 6

DBSCL

48

Hinli 4.1 Ban do hanh chinh vung DBSCL

66

Hinli 4.2

r

Co cau lao dong theo gioi tinh cua tinh Kien Giang
Hinli 4.3 Co cau lao dong theo gioi tinh cua tinh Tra Vinh

Hinh 4.4
Hinli 4.5


*

C o cau lao dong theo gioi tinh cua tinh Soc Trang
r

Co cau tham gia hiep hoi hai nam ciia tinh Kien Giang

87

88
88
98

Hinli 4.6 Co cau tham gia hiep hoi hai nam ciia tinh Tra Vinh ....

99

Hinh 4.7 Co cau tham gia hiep hoi hai nam ciia tinh Soc Trang..

100

Hinh 4.8 Hoi quy Kinky so voi hoi quy bien cong cu

122

t

Hinh 4.9 Kiem dinh rang buoc loai trir cho cac bien cong cu

xm


122


CSDT

DANH MI C Tlf VIET TAT
Chinh sach dan toe

DFID

Department for International Development

DTTS

Dan toe thieu so
Dons

DBDT
DBSCL

*
\

W

•

*'


bao dan toe
*

DLC
ICES

Dong bang Song Cim Long
Do lech chuan
International Credential Evaluation Service

IFAD

International Fund for Agricultural Development

-

KT XH
LN

Kinli te - xa hoi
Lon nliat

NN

Nho nliat

TB

Trung binh


UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

VHLSS

Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey

WB

World Bank

xiv


CHUONG 1 GIOI THIEU
Chucmg 1 giai thieii khdi qudt ve ly do nghien ciru 1am ca so' hinh thanh muc tieu
nghien cuu, noi dung nghien cum, phqm vi nghien cuu va phicomg phcip nghien cum.
\

Dong thd'i, chucmg nay neu y nghia va nhung dong gop mai cua hiqn an.
1.1 Ly do chon de tai

1.1.1 Tinh cap thiet ve mat ly thuvet
Cac nghien cuu ve da dang hoa sinh ke dang ngay cang duoc chu y tren toan the giai,
cac nha nghien cuu da dua ra cac tieu chi kliac nhau de do lubng muc do da dang hoa sinh
ke' nhu: chuyen tir cac hoat dong nong nghiep sang cac hoat dong phi nong nghiep
(Woldehamia. 2000; Abdulai & CroleRees, 2001; Davis, 2003); tang so hrpng nguon thu
nhap va su can bang giira cac nguon kliac nhau (Ersado, 2003; Schwarze &
2005


Zeller
,

)

tir tao viec lam phi nong nghiep la nguon thu tao ra thu nhap cao nhat so

;

Sarah , 2011

1

voi cac nguon thu kliac

•

(

la nhung thudc do noi bat. Ben canli do

)

cac nghien

,

cuu trong va ngoai nude cung da chi ra cac yeu to co anil hudng den da dang hoa cua
ho gia dinh nhu: dac diem ban than cua chu ho nhu gidi tinh , tuoi hoc v a n ..


d a c diem

,

,
cua ho gia dinh nhu quy mo ho

nha
,

r

0

*

,

,

,

,

thu nhap nong nghiep. dien tich dat canh tac, quan he xa hoi, ho trq tir ngudi than, ho trq
tir chinli phu, vay, tiet kiem.v.v. .. va nhung yeu to ve cong dong noi ho gia dinli sinh
r

r


r
song nhu klioang each tir lang xa den trung tarn thanh pho

,

klia nang tiep can tin dung,

,

rui ro sinh ke...Ngoai ra cac nghien ciru tnrdc day cung chi ra rang viec phan tich cac
yeu to anil hudng den da dang hoa sinh ke cua nong ho dupe tiep can bang chi so
Simpson index of diversity ( SID) se tot lion so vdi cac chi so kliac vi tinh manh me, don
gian va dupe chap nhan rong rai (Khatun & Roy, 2012).
J

9

W

9

r

<

9

Nghien ciru ve da dang hoa sinh ke co tinh cap thiet ve mat ly thuyet vi cung cap
cai nhin tong quan ve nidi quan he giira da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap ciia ho gia dinh

trong mot cong dong. Tuy nhien, cac nghien ciru tai vung DBSCL chua dira ra ro nidi quan
he cu the giira da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap ciia ho gia dinh tai vung DBSCL. Nghien
cim nidi quan he nay la cap thiet de hieu ro lion ve tac dong cua da dang hoa sinh ke den thu

nliap ciia ho gia dinh va xac dinh cac yeu to anh hudng den mire do da dang hoa sinh ke.
Dieu nay se giup dua ra cac chinli sach va bien phap phu hop nham

thuc day sir phat trien va tang cudng da dang hoa sinh ke trong vung DBSCL. Dong thdi,

nghien cim xac dinh nidi quan he tuong quan giira da dang hoa sinh ke va cac yeu to
kliac nhu giao due, sire klioe, va co hoi viec lam, tir do lam ro nidi quan he nay se dong
1


gop vao viec hieu ro han ve ca che va qua trinh ma da dang hoa sinli ke anh hudng den
thu nhap va sir phat trien cua ho gia dinh tai vung DBSCL. De thuc hien dirge nghien
nay, can sir dung cac phirong phap nghien ciru phii hop nhir khao sat. phan tich
thong ke va mo hinli hoa. Cac cong cu va chi so do hrdng da dang hoa sinli ke cung can
ciru

%

dirge ap dung va dieu chinh phu hgp vdi vung DBSCL de danh gia dung mire do da dang

hoa sinli ke va tac dong cua no den thu nhap cua ho gia dinh. Tom lai. nghien ciru ve da

dang hoa sinli ke tai vung DBSCL la cap thiet ve mat ly thuyet va thuc tien de hieu ro
lion ve moi quan he gifra da dang hoa sinli ke va thu nhap cua ho gia dinh, xac dinh yeu
to anh lurdng va dira ra cac chinh sach va bien phap phii hgp nham thuc day sir phat trien
ben vung trong vung. Dong thdi, cung nhu cac nghien cini trong va ngoai nude , cac

nghien ciru tai DBSCL clnra lam ro dirge moi quan he gifra da dang hoa sinli ke doi vdi
thu nliap cua ho gia dinh va chira chi ra dirge da dang hoa sinli ke co anh lurdng nhu the

r

/

nao den thu nliap cua ho gia dinh tai vung DBSCL.
1.1.2 Tinh cap thiet ve mat thuc tien

Dong bang song Ciru Long ( DBSCL ) la vung dat rong ldn vdi nhieu dan toe sinli
song, dan so toan vung la 17.367.169 ngudi (Tong cue Thong ke, 2020). 6 day co 44 toe
ngudi cu tru. trong do toe ngudi Kinh. Khmer, Cham, Hoa la 4 toe ngudi dong nhat,
•

'

'

cu the: ngudi Kinh chiem 92%, ngudi Klimer chiem 6,59%, ngudi Hoa chiem 0,86% va
ngudi Cham chiem 0,075% tong dan so DBSCL (Tong cue Thong ke, 2020). Sau ngudi
Kinh thi ngudi Klimer la dan toe dong nhat d DBSCL, dia ban cu tru cua ho d kliap 13

tinh, thanh pho thuoc DBSCL nhung tap tiling dong dao nhat la d 3 tinh Soc Trang, Tra
Vinh va Kien Giang. Sinli ke cua ngudi dan toe Khmer chu yeu tap trung vao hoat dong

san xuat nong nghiep ( trong lua, hoa niau va chan nuoi,...). Ben canh do cung co cac

nghe thu cong tniyen thong nhu dan lat, gom, det ( Huy & Nghiem, 2008; Loc, 2015;
Viet, 2020).

Viec tap tiling vao san xuat nong nghiep lam cho thu nliap cua hp chiu tac dong rat

ldn tir cac yeu to thien tai. dich benh. bien doi kill hau, gia ban kliong on dinh,... tir do
kliien hg phai chap nhan nguon thu nhap bi de dga va da phan ho kliong co them cac
hoat dong san xuat kliac de ho trg tang thu nhap va giam mi ro klii hoat dong nong
nghiep cua hg bi that thu. Day la van de rat ldn kliien cong dong ngudi Klimer tai
'

r

y

r

y

r

DBSCL co ty le ho ngheo rat cao. Toan vung co 278.290 ho ngheo

256.420 ho can

,

ngheo trong do so ho ngheo la ngudi Khmer chiem den 19
,

41% so vdi tong so ho ngheo

,


toan vung ( Hue, 2020a; Nghi & Trinh, 2011a; Trang et al , 2013). Klioang each giau

ngheo gifra ngudi Khmer va cac dan toe kliac van la van de ldn va dirge du bao se tiep


tiic

gia tang ( De & Be, 2005; Loc, 2015; Trang etal., 2013). Mac dii ganday da co nhieu

chnomg trinh ho trg dirge Chinh phu trien kliai. dac biet trong do la chirong trinh 135 de
trg giiip ngiroi ngheo doi vdi cac xa klio khan thong qua giao dat, cap dat, day nghe

nham cai thien doi song, xoa doi giam ngheo nhung van can phai duy tri trong thoi gian
tdi de cac ho dona bao dan toe thieu so co the tien tbi tir tao viec lam cho chinh minh va

.

thoat klioi doi ngheo ben vihig ( De & Be, 2005; Huy & Nghiem 2008; Nghi & Trinh,
2011a; Xuan & Nam. 2011). Do do de on dinh thu nhap, dam bao cube song, nhieu ho

gia dinli ngiroi Khmer vung DBSCL buoc phai tim phiromg ke kliac de them vao thu
nhap tir san xuat nong nghiep. Ben canh do, ho dan toe Kluner dirge xac dinli la mot trong
32 dan toe con gap nhieu^ kho khan sinh song on dinh thanh cong dong^ tren dia ban
cac xa kliu virc III va cac thon dac biet klio klian thuoc vung dong bao dan toe thieu
f

**

r


so va mien nui giai doan 2021 - 2025, dirge phe duyet tai quyet dinh so 1227/QD-TTg
ngay 14 thang 7 nam 2021 cua Thu tirdng Chinh phu.
^

#

Thirc te tren cho thay, viec nghien cini ve da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nliap cua ho
\

r

r

\

dan toe Khmer o DBSCL la can thiet. Ket qua nghien ci'ru se la co so klioa hgc de de
xuat cac giai phap giiip dong bao dan toe Khmer on dinh thu nhap. dam bao doi song,
kliac phuc nhirng klio khan ma ho con gap phai. Dong thoi, gop phan vao thirc hien

thang lgi cong tac xoa doi, giam ngheo cua khu virc DBSCL noi rieng va cua Viet Nam
noi chung.
1.2 Muc tieu nghien chu

1.2.1 Muc tieu chung cua nghien cuu
Muc tieu cua luan an la phan tich cac yeu to tac dong da dang hoa sinh ke va sir
anli hirbng cua da dang hoa sinh ke den thu nhap de de xuat cac giai phap nham cai thien

doi song cua ho dan toe Khmer o DBSCL.
cuu

1.2.2 Muc tieu cu the cua o
•

•

nghien
'

( i) He

]

'

thong hoa co so ly thuyet ve da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap.

( ii) Danh gia thirc trang ve da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nliap cua ho Klimer tai

DBSCL.
(

iii) Phan tich cac nhan to tac dong den da dang hoa sinh ke. tir do danh gia sir anli

hirbng ciia da dang hoa sinh ke doi vbi thu nhap cua ho dan toe Khmer tai DBSCL.
(iv) De xuat

cac giai phap phu hgp giiip cai thien thu nliap cua ho dan toe Klimer

tai DBSCL.
3



1.3 Cau hoi nghien cihi
(i) Thili hinli kiiili te xa hoi cua ho dan toe Khmer o DBSCL thdi gian

qua nlnr the

nao?
r

ii) Cac yeu
DBSCL?
(

f

9

f

to nao anh huong den da dang sinli ke cua ho dan toe Klimer a
9

iii) Da dang hoa sinli ke co lam tang thu nhap cua ho dan toe Klimer \iing
DBSCL?
(

(iv) Giai phap nao giup ho dan toe Klimer d DBSCL cai thien thu nhap?

1.4 Pham vi nghien cihi


1.4.1 Doi tiro’ng nghien cuu
Doi tirqng nghien ciru cua luan an la da dang sinli ke cua ho dan toe Klimer 6

DBSCL. Vi vay. nghien ciru tap trung phan tich thirc trang da dang hoa sinli ke va thu
nhap cua ho Khmer. Ben canh do, nghien ciru con phan tich cac nhan to anh huong den
da dang sinh ke va tac dong cua da dang hoa sinli ke den thu nhap cua ho dan toe Klimer

a DBSCL. Noi duns nghien cuu

Trong pham vi nghien ciru nay, luan an tap trung chu yeu vao cac noi dung sau:
Noi dung 1: He thong hoa co so ly thuyet ve da clang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap o
DBSCL.
- Tong quan co so ly thuyet nghien ciru ve sinh ke va thu nhap;
- Tong quan cac nghien ciru thirc nghiem ve da dang hoa sinli ke va thu nliap:
- Tong quan plnrong phap nghien ciru da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap.
Noi dung 2: Phan tich thuc trang boat dong sinh ke va thu nhap cua ho Khmer o
DBSCL.
- Phan tich

tong quan ve DBSCL;

-

Phan tich thuc trang thu nhap cua ho dan toe Klimer tai DBSCL;

-

Phan tich thirc trang da dang sinli ke cua ho dan toe Khmer tai DBSCL.
'


r

/

r

Noi dung 3: Phan tich cac yeu to anh huong den da dang hoa sinh ke cua ho dan
toe Khmer o DBSCL.

- Xac dinh cac yeu to anh hirdng den da dang hoa sinli ke cua ho dan toe Khmer o
DBSCL;
4