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1
SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 23Chapter 23
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL
Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu
Sep. 2011
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Introduction to microbial metabolismIntroduction to microbial metabolism
CONTENTSCONTENTS
Carbon and energy sources for Carbon and energy sources for
microbial growthmicrobial growth
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Nutrient and growth factor requirementsNutrient and growth factor requirements
IS IT IMPORTANT?IS IT IMPORTANT?
Basic to design or to select type of Basic to design or to select type of
biological process is understanding of biological process is understanding of
the biochemical activitiesthe biochemical activities
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Different microorganism use a wide Different microorganism use a wide
range of electron acceptorsrange of electron acceptors
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
To continue to reproduce and function To continue to reproduce and function
properlyproperly
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Energy and Energy and
carboncarbon
Inorganic elements Inorganic elements
SubstratesSubstrates
nutrients and trace nutrients and trace
elementselements
Growth factor (organic nutrients)
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
SynthesisSynthesis
NutrientsNutrients
New cellsNew cells
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Or
g
anic Or
g
anic
compoundscompounds
BacteriaBacteria
EnergyEnergy
OO
22
New
cellsNew
cells
COCO
22
+ H+ H
22
OO
Bacteria metabolism: aerobic, heterotrophicBacteria metabolism: aerobic, heterotrophic
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
SynthesisSynthesis
NutrientsNutrients
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Bacteria metabolism: anaerobic, heterotrophicBacteria metabolism: anaerobic, heterotrophic
Organic Organic
compoundscompounds
SynthesisSynthesis
BacteriaBacteria
EnergyEnergy
New cellsNew cells
CHCH
44
& CO& CO
22
2
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
COCO
22
SynthesisSynthesis
NutrientsNutrients
New cellsNew cells
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Bacteria metabolism: aerobic, autotrophicBacteria metabolism: aerobic, autotrophic
22
BacteriaBacteria
EnergyEnergy
OO
22
New
cellsNew
cells
NONO
22
or NOor NO
33
__
NHNH
44
++
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
Carbon sources?Carbon sources?
Organic matterOrganic matter Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Organisms use organic
carbon for the
formation of new
biomass = heterotrophs
Organisms derive cell
carbon from CO
2
=
autotrophs
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
Energy sources?Energy sources?
Supplied by lightSupplied by light By a chemical By a chemical
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oxidation reactionoxidation reaction
Organisms use light as
an energy source =
phototrophs
Organisms derive their
energy from chemical
reactions =
chemotrophs
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
Energy sources?Energy sources?
Heterotrophic (sulfur-
di bti)
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Phototro
p
hic
organisms
re
d
uc
i
n
g
b
ac
t
er
i
a
)
Autotrophic (alage &
photosynthetic bacteria)
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
Energy sources?Energy sources?
Ph t t h
Heterotrophic (protozoa, fungi
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Ph
o
t
o
t
ro
ph
s
Chemotrophs
& most bacteria)
Autotrophic (nitrifying
bacteria)
CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR CARBON AND ENERGY SOURCES FOR
MICROBIAL GROWTHMICROBIAL GROWTH
Energy sources?Energy sources?
Chemoautrophs Chemoheterotrophs
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
Obtain energy from the
oxidation of reduced inorganic
compounds as NH
3
, NO
2
-
, NO
3
-
,
Fe
2+
, S
2-
Derive energy
from oxidation of
organic
compounds
3
NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
The principal inorganic nutrients needed?The principal inorganic nutrients needed?
N S P K Mg Ca Fe Na and Cl
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N
,
S
,
P
,
K
,
Mg
,
Ca
,
Fe
,
Na
and
Cl
Minor nutrients of importance?Minor nutrients of importance?
Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu and Ni
NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
Growth factors Growth factors
(1) Amino acid
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
(1)
Amino
acid
(2) Nitrogen bases
(3) Vitamins
