MIMO SYSTEMS,
THEORY AND
APPLICATIONS
Edited by H. Khaleghi Bizaki
MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications
Edited by H. Khaleghi Bizaki
Published by InTech
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Part 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Part 2
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Preface IX
Introduction, Detection
and Channel Estimation Strategies 1
Advanced MIMO Techniques:
Polarization Diversity and Antenna Selection 3
Kosai Raoof, Maha Ben Zid,
Nuttapol Prayongpun and Ammar Bouallegue
Geometrical Detection Algorithm
for MIMO Systems 57
Z. Y. Shao, S. W. Cheung and T. I. Yuk
Joint LS Estimation and ML Detection
for Flat Fading MIMO Channels 69
Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam and Hossein Saremi
Semi-Deterministic Single
Interaction MIMO Channel Model 87

Arghavan Emami-Forooshani and Sima Noghanian
Information Theory Aspects 113
Another Interpretation
of Diversity Gain of MIMO Systems 115
Shuichi Ohno and Kok Ann Donny Teo
Rate-Adaptive Information
Transmission over MIMO Channels 133
Marco Zoffoli, Jerry D. Gibson and Marco Chiani
Analysis of MIMO Systems in the Presence
of Co-channel Interference and Spatial Correlation 155
Dian-Wu Yue and Qian Wang
Contents
Contents
VI
Cellular MIMO Systems 187
Wei Peng
Pre-processing and Post-processing in MIMO Systems 203
MIMO-THP System with Imperfect CSI 205
H. Khaleghi Bizaki
Analysis and Design of Tomlinson-Harashima
Precoding for Multiuser MIMO Systems 237
Xiang Chen, Min Huang,Ming Zhao, Shidong Zhou and Jing Wang
Iterative Optimization Algorithms to Determine Transmit
and Receive Weights for MIMO Systems 265
Osamu Muta, Takayuki Tominaga, Daiki Fujii, and Yoshihiko Akaiwa
Beamforming Based on Finite-Rate Feedback 285
Pengcheng Zhu, Lan Tang, YanWang and Xiaohu You
Computationally Efficient Symbol Detection
Schemes in Multi-Device STBC-MIMO Systems 315
Daniel C. Lee and Muhammad Naeem

Application and Case Studies 333
Analysis and Mitigation of Phase Noise
in Centralized/De-centralized MIMO Systems 335
Wei Zhang, Xiujun Zhang, Shidong Zhou and Jing Wang
A List Based Detection Technique
for MIMO Systems 351
SaiRamesh Nammi
Narrowband Interference Suppression
in MIMO Systems 367
Vladimir Poulkov, Miglen Ovtcharov,
Georgi Iliev and Zlatka Nikolova
Fundamentals for a Pragmatic MIMO
Performance Evaluation 395
Shirook M. Ali
Implementation and Experimental Evaluation 413
MIMO Beamforming Network
Having Polarization Diversity 415
Kadir M.F. A., Suaidi M.K. and Aziz M. Z. A.
Chapter 8
Part 3
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Part 4
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17

Part 5
Chapter 18
Contents
VII
VLSI Implementation of Least Square Channel Estimation
and QPSK Modulation Technique for 2×2 MIMO System 421
Sudhakar Reddy Penubolu and Ramachandra Reddy Gudheti
Efficient Implementation of MIMO Decoders 439
Muhammad S. Khairy, Mohamed M. Abdallah and S. E D. Habib
MIMO System Implementation
for WSN Using Xilinx Tools 455
Wael M El-Medany
Experimental Evaluation of MIMO Coded
Modulation Systems: are Space-Time
Block Codes Really Necessary? 463
Francisco J. Vázquez Araújo, José A. García-Naya,
Miguel González-López, Luis Castedo and Javier Garcia-Frias
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22

Pref ac e
In recent years, it was realized that the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) com-
munication systems seems to be inevitable in accelerated evolution of high data rates
applications. The MIMO systems, have received considerable a ention of researchers
and commercial companies due to their potential to dramatically increase the spectral
effi ciency and simultaneously sending individual information to the corresponding
users in wireless systems. Today, the main question is how to include multiple antennas
at transmi er and receiver side and, what are the appropriate methods of detection and signal

processing strategies for specifi c applications?
This book, intends to provide highlights of the current research topics in the fi eld of
MIMO system, to off er a snapshot of the recent advances in this area. This work is
mainly destined to cover an overview of the major issues faced today by researchers
in the MIMO related areas. Also, it is accessible to anyone with a scientifi c background
desiring to have an up-to-date overview of this domain.
The book is wri en by specialists working in universities and research centers all over
the world to cover the fundamental principles and main advanced topics on high data
rates wireless communications systems over MIMO channels. Various aspects of the-
ses systems are deeply discussed by emphasis of their recent applications in fi ve part
and twenty-two chapters. Moreover, the book has the advantage of providing a collec-
tion of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the in-
terested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity.
Each chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the subject area and terminates with
a rich list of references to provide an in-depth coverage of the application at hand.
The fi ve parts of the book is managed as follows:
Part 1 Introduction, Detection and Channel Estimation Strategies
The fi rst part contains four chapters that investigate an introduction to MIMO systems
models together with discussion about diversity, beam forming and, space time cod-
ing. The geometrical decoding in MIMO channels by name of la ice decoding, and
other type of decoding such as: LS, LMMSE, ML, MAP and joint LSML are considered,
too. Finally, the mathematical semi-deterministic MIMO channel model based on elec-
tromagnetic sca ering and refl ecting is developed and discussed in details.
Part 2 Information Theory Aspects
Part2 focus on information theory aspects of MIMO systems, including diversity-gain
of MIMO systems, which highlight the trade-off between capacity and bandwidth
X
Preface
effi ciency and rate adaptive source encoding, where the rate is adapted to follow the
slow variations of the MIMO channel. Then, the capacity of MIMO system is investi-

gated in the presence of both co-channel interference and spatial correlation. Finally,
theoretical analysis for both ergodic and outage capacities of downlink transmission
together with capacity analysis of uplink cellular MIMO systems by considering the
co-channel interference as well as the eff ect of transmit power control are presented.
Part 3 Pre-processing and Post-processing in MIMO Systems
The non-linear precoder by name of Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder and beamfom-
ing are the main core of this part. At fi rst, the capacity of MIMO- THP in perfect and
non-perfect CSI is obtained. In continue the conventional THP design is developed for
imperfect, correlated and channel estimator error as robust, improved and joint opti-
mization, respectively. Joint THP transceiver design for the multi-user MIMO down-
link system under both perfect and imperfect CSI is developed, too. Iterative optimi-
zation algorithm to determination of transmit and receive beam forming weights for
eigen-beam SDM in multi-user MIMO systems is discussed under constraint of both
total transmit power and the maximum transmit power. The recent advance in beam
forming based on fi nite-rate feedback from a communication-theoretic prespective is
addressed as ideal and non-ideal factors of feedback link. Finally, the problem of sym-
bol detection in Multi-Device STBC-MIMO systems is addressed. So, two evolutionary
optimization methods by names, Biogeography-Based Optimization and Estimation of
Distribution Algorithm are proposed to solve the problem of detection in a MD-STBC-
MIMO system.
Part 4 Application and Case Studies
This part contain some advanced application of MIMO systems and some main notes
in their implementations, which started by MIMO-OFDM technique that investigate
the eff ects of phase noise in centralized and distributed narrowband MIMO systems,
and discuss the feasibility of phase and frequency synchronization problem. In con-
tinue a novel threshold list subset detector that extends the List subset detector for an
iterative turbo-MIMO system is considered. Then, a narrowband interference suppres-
sion technique is discussed in MIMO systems. This part terminates with fundamentals
for pragmatic MIMO performance evaluation which consider some important notes in
implementation from antenna and propagation perspectives.

Part 5 Implementation and Experimental Evaluation
This part starts with some practical methods for capacity measurement and hardware
implementation of MIMO system with QPSK modulation. The implementation of the
MIMO system together with sphere decoding and space time coding is discussed, es-
pecially with emphasis on wireless sensor network perspective. The above hardware
implementation and practical measurement of MIMO system emphasis their potential
of dramatically increase of spectral effi ciency and their bo lenecks where should be
considered in practice.
Finally, the editor would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions
in the diff erent areas of MIMO systems and hopes that this book will be of valuable
help to the readers.
H. Khaleghi Bizaki
Iran