12 measurement for flatness and levelness and equipment
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Equipment Training
PREMIER CONCRETE EQUIPMENT Pty Ltd
12. MEASUREMENT FOR FLATNESS AND LEVELNESS AND
EQUIPMENT
Presenter: Viet Nguyen
1
TERMS AND DISPUTES
Do you mean superflat?
OR just a flat floor?
I want to do a
superflat floor…
I can do a
superflat floor…
But your floor is not
level enough…
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The spec says 3mm gap under
3m straightedge…
Straightedge?
SR2? FM2?
2
WHAT IS FLATNESS?
Flatness relates to the bumpiness of the floor.
WHAT IS LEVELNESS?
Levelness (FL) relates to the tilt or slope of the floor.
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3
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOOR PROFILES
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Levelness
Flatness
Levelness
Flatness
Levelness
Flatness
Levelness
Flatness
Your floor profile
readings will look
like this…
THE HIGHER
THE NUMBER
THE BETTER
THE FLOOR
PROFILE….
4
WHY IS FLOOR MEASUREMENT NEEDED?
To ensure floor specifications
are met so that lift-trucks can
operate smoothly &
efficiently
Flooring contractor need to
do daily checks to ensure
works carried out meet their
objectives.
Check whether existing floor
can cater for higher racking
or to upgrade lift-trucks.
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Avoid disputes.
5
FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE
1. Knowing the types of floor patterns
Random Traffic / Free Movement
Defined Movement / Defined Traffic
2. Types of floor specification
Straightedge
F-Numbers (American Standard)
TR34 (British Standard)
DIN (European Standard)
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TYPES OF FLOOR PATTERN
Random Traffic / Free Movement
Material Handling Equipment (MHE) are free to roam in any direction.
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TYPES OF FLOOR PATTERN
Defined Movement / Defined Traffic
For Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) warehouse. MHE moves along an
exact path only guided by a concealed wire or side rail.
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TYPES OF FLOOR SPECIFICATIONS
Straightedge
TR34 (British Standard)
Free Movement (FM)
Defined Movement (DM)
F-Numbers (American Standard)
Random Traffic (FF & FL)
Defined Traffic (F-min)
DIN & Others (European Standard)
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9
BS STANDARD (BS8204-1:2002) – PART 1
MEASURING FLOOR SURFACE REGULARITY (SR)
- Table 6 –
Classification of surface regularity of direct finished base slab or levelling screed
Class
Maximum permissible departure from the
underside of a 3m straightedge resting in contact
with the floor, mm.
SR1
3
SR2
5
SR3
10
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10
BS STANDARD (BS8204) – PART 2
MEASURING FLOOR SURFACE REGULARITY (SR)
CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE REGULARITY
Class
Maximum permissible departure
from a 2 meter straightedge laid in
contact with the floor
SR1
3mm
Application
High Standard
Special floors. Special warehouse floors, e.g. high bay racking
and use by turret trucks.
SR2
5mm
Normal Standard
Normal commercial and industrial floors.
SR3
10mm
Utility Standard
Other floors, the surface regularity of which is not critical.
British Standards Institution, In-situ floorings, Part 2 Code of practice for concrete wearing surfaces. BS 8204
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11
STRAIGHTEDGE METHOD
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12
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Straightedge
2
1
3
4
3m
1
3m
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Straightedge
1
3
2
3m
1
3m
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15
The Straightedge thinks these two floors are the same…
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STRAIGHTEDGE: DISADVANTAGES
o Method of measurement subject to dispute and
uncertainty.
o Measures only flatness; does not measure levelness.
o Does not measure the wavelength (bumpiness) of the
floor.
o Unable to define whether it meets floor specification
– washboard effect.
o Any failure allowed and how many?
o Extremely difficult to measure – so difficult that on
each floor, only a few places are tested.
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17
Technical Report 34 (TR34)
British Standard
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TR34 SYSTEM
Editions
Consists 2 types of floor
1st Edition, 1988
Free Movement (FM)
2nd Edition, 1994
Defined Movement (DM)
Supplement, 1997
3rd Edition, 2003
FOCUS
4th Edition, 2013
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19
4 PROPERTIES IN FLOOR PROFILE
Floor Profile – Property I (3rd Ed)
B
Property I
A
300mm
•
•
•
The difference in elevation between 2 points 300mm apart, measured in the direction of vehicle traffic.
This is a flatness tolerance.
Property II is known as Property F in the 4th Edition
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4 PROPERTIES IN FLOOR PROFILE
Floor Profile – Property II (3rd Ed)
B
C
Property II
A
300mm
•
•
600mm
The difference in elevation between 2 points 300mm apart, measured in the direction of vehicle traffic.
This is a flatness tolerance.
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4 PROPERTIES IN FLOOR PROFILE
Floor Profile – Property III (3rd Ed)
Wheels
Property III
•
•
The difference in elevation between opposite points in the left and right wheel part, measured
perpendicular to the direction of vehicle traffic.
This is a transverse levelness tolerance.
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4 PROPERTIES IN FLOOR PROFILE
Floor Profile – Property IV (3rd Ed)
•
•
•
Property IV is known as Property E in 4th Edition
To control levelness, the elevational difference in millimetres between fixed points 3m apart.
This is a levelness tolerance.
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FREE MOVEMENT TRAFFIC
Property II / Property F – what does it mean?
FLATNESS READING COLLECTION
B
C
Property F
A
300mm
600mm
o Property F (4th ed) – since 2013
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FREE MOVEMENT TRAFFIC
Property IV / Property E – what does it mean?
LEVELNESS READING COLLECTION
o Property IV (3rd ed.)
o Property E (4th ed.) – since 2013
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