DAI HOC QUOC GIA THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE - LUAT

TRUO’NG VAN CUONG

CAC YEU TO TAG DQNG DEN
Y DINH UNG TUYEN TRV’C TUYEN CUA
NGUOI TIM VIEC
Ngdnh: Quan tri kinh doanh
Ma so: 8340101

LU AN VAN TH AC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TSKH PHAM DIJC CHINH

TP.HO CHI MINH - NAM 2021
LOI CAM DOAN
Tot xin cam doan luan v5n “Cue yeu tic dong den y dinh umg tuyen true tuyen cua
ngiriri tim vife” la cong trinh nghicn cun cua rieng loi. Cac so lieu trong luan van nay la
trung thuc. Ket qua nghien ciru cua luan van nay clnra dune cong bo er bat ky tai li?u nao.


Tac gia

Truong Van Cirong


I)ANH MVC CAC CHU VIET TAT VA KY HI £ V

e-HRM : Quan tri nguon nhan lire dicn tu (electronics Human Resource
Managerment)

TRA : Ly thuyct hanh dong hop ly Theory of Reasoned Action)
TAM : M6 hinh chap nhan cong nghc (Technology Acceptance Model)
IB : Y djnh irng tuycn (ri»rc tuyen (Behavioural Intention)
PU : Nhan thi'rc sir huu ich (Perceived Usefulness)
PEOU : Nh$n thi'rc tinh de sir dyng (Perceived Ease of Use)
PE : Nhan thi'rc hirong thu (Perceived Enjoyment)
PC : Nhan thuc s\r tin cay (Perceived Credibility)
LDPT : Lao dong pho thong


DANH MV'C HINH ANH

Hinh 2.1 Quy trinh tuycn dung true tuycn cua Holm A.B (2012) Hinh 2.2 Mo hinh
nghien cuu
Hinh 3.1 Quy trinh nghien cuu
Hinh 4.1 Ket qua CFA mo hinh do luong tai han (chuan h6a)
Hinh 4.2 Ket qua SEM doi vdi mo hinh ly thuyct chuan hoa
Hinh 4.3 Mo hinh kha bien
Hinh 4.4 Mo hinh bat bien
•
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Hinh 4.5 Ket qua SEM kha bien - bat bien theo gidi tmh
Hinh 4.6 Ket qua SEM kha bien - bat bien theo do tuoi
Hinh 4.7 Ket qua SEM kha bien - bat bien theo trinh do
Hinh 4.8 Ket qua SEM kha bien bat bien theo kinh nghicm


I)ANH MV'C BANG BIEU


Bang 1.1 Bang xcp hang cac trang web tuycn dung true tuycn
Bang 3.1: Thang do nghien cuu
Bang 4 1 Mo la mau nghien cuu (N = 350)
Biing 4.2 Thong kc mo ta cac bien
Bang 4.3 Ket qua phan tich Cronbach’s Alpha cua cdc thang do
Bang 4.4 Ket qua EFA cua cac thang do sau khi loai bien
Bang 4.5 Ket qua kiem djnh gid tri phan biBang 4.6 Ket qua kiem dinh do tin cay tong hop va phirong sai Inch
Bang 4.7 Ket qua udc luong bing Bootstrap vdi N = 700
Bang 4.8 Tac dong true tiep. gian tiep giua cac khai ni$m trong mo hinh nghien cuu
Bang 4.9 Su khiic bict cac chi tieu tuong thich theo gioi tinh
Biing 4 10 Moi quan h$ giua cac khai niem theo gioi tinh
Bang 4.11 Su khiic biet cac chi tieu tuong thich theo do luoi
Bang 4.12 Moi quan hy gitta cdc khai ni$m theo do tuoi
Biing 4.13 Sir khiic bicl cac chi tieu tuong thich theo trinh do
Bang 4.14 Moi quan he giQa cdc khdi ni£m theo trinh do
Biing 4.15 Su khiic bi?l cac chi tieu tuong thich theo kinh nghiem
Bang 4.16 Moi quan he gitta cac khiii niem theo kinh nghiem


MIC LVC
LOI CAM DOAN
DANH MUC CAC CHl’JVlfcT TAT VA KY HlEU
DANII MVC HINH ANU
DANH MUC BANG BlfcL
•
MVC LVC....................................................................................................................Trang
CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN VE DE TAI NGHIEN CUU...............................................1
1.1. Ly do chon de tai......................................................................................................1

1.2. Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuuve y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen....................3
1.3. Tong quan thuc tc ve tuyen dung true tuyen tr Viet Nani....................................5
1.4. Myc tieu nghien cuu.................................................................................................7
1.4.1. Muc tieu chung..........................................................................................................7
1.4.2. Muc tieu cu the..........................................................................................................7
1.4.3. Cdu hoi nghien cuu...................................................................................................7
1.5. Doi tuong nghien cuu...............................................................................................8
1.5.1. Doi tut mg nghien cuu...............................................................................................8
1.5.2. Doi tuang khdo sat....................................................................................................8
1.6. Pham vi nghien cuu..................................................................................................8
1.6.1. Khong gian................................................................................................................8
1.6.2. Thai gian....................................................................................................................8
1.7. Phuong phap nghien cuu.........................................................................................8
1.7.1. Phuong phap dinh tinh..............................................................................................8
1.7.2. Phuong phap dinh luang...........................................................................................9
1.8. Y nghia thuc tien va khoa hoc cua de tai...............................................................9
1.9. Kct cau de tAi...........................................................................................................9
CHUONG 2: CO SO LY LUAN VA MO HINH NGHIEN CUU..................................11
2.1. Tong quan ly thuyet ve tuyendyng true tuyen....................................................11
2.1.1. Tuyen dyng true tuyen.............................................................................................11
2.1.2. Ly thuyet ve y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen................................................................12
2.1.3. Quy trinh tuyen dung true tuyen.............................................................................13
2.2.
Cac gia thuyet........................................................................................................16
2.2.1. Y (tinli ung tuyen true tuyen (Hl)............................................................................16
2.2.2. Nhdn thwc tinh de su dung (PEOU).......................................................................17
2.2.3. Nhdn thi’rc syhiru ich (PU)....................................................................................18
2.2.4. Nhdn thuc hiring thu (PE).......................................................................................20
2.2.5. Nhdn thuc s{r tin cqy (PC).....................................................................................22
2.3.

Mo hinh nghien cuu..............................................................................................24
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Tom tat chirong 2...............................................................................................................25
CHU’GNG 3: THIET KE QUY TRINH NGHIEN CUU...............................................26
3.1.
Thiet ke nghien curu.............................................................................................26
3.1.1..................................................................................................................................... Ph
uong phdp nghien cuu.........................................................................................................26
3.1.2. Quy trinh nghien cuu...............................................................................................27


3.2.
Xay dung thang do cho nghien cuu.....................................................................30
3.3.
Danh gii str bo thang do.......................................................................................32
3.3.1. Nhdn thuc tinh de su dung.......................................................................................32
3.3.2. Nhdn thuc su huu ich...............................................................................................33
3.3.3. Nhdn thuc hiring thu...............................................................................................33
3.3.4. Nhdn thuc su tin cdy................................................................................................33
3.3.5. Y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen.....................................................................................33
3.4.
Thuc hien nghien ciru chinh thuc........................................................................34
Tom tat chiro'ng 3.............................................................................................................35
CHUONG 4: THAO LUAN KET QUA NGHIEN CUU................................................36
4.1.
Phan tich mo ta.....................................................................................................36
4.1.1. Thong tin nhdn khdu hoc.........................................................................................36
4.1.1.1. Giri tinh................................................................................................................36
4.1.1.2. Ddtutii..................................................................................................................37

4.1.1.3. Trinh d<> hpc van...............................................................................................38
4.1.1.4. Nghe nghiep.........................................................................................................38
4.1.1.5. Kinh nghiem.........................................................................................................38
4.1.1.6. Mire thu nhqp mong muon...................................................................................38
4.1.2. Plum rich mb rd cdc bien nghien am.........................................................................39
4.1.2.1. Nhqn thirc tfnh de sir dung (PEOU)....................................................................39
4.1.2.2.................................................................................................................................. Nh
qn thirc sir him (ch (PU).....................................................................................................40
4.1.2.3.................................................................................................................................. Nh
dn th Ac hiring thu (PE)......................................................................................................40
4.1.2.4. Nhqn thirc sir tin cdy (PC).........................................................................40
4.1.2.5. Y dinh ling tuyen trirc tuyen (Bl)..........................................................................40
4.2.
Danh gia so bo thang do.......................................................................................41
4.2.1. Ddnh gid do tin cay ata thang do Cron bach's Alpha............................................41
4.2.2. Ph An itch phcin to khdm phd EFA........................................................................42
4.2.3. Kian dinh thang do bang CFA...............................................................................44
4.3.
Kiem dinh mo hinh nghien cun b£ng SEM........................................................47
4.3.1. Kiem dinh mb hinh ly thuyet.......................................................................47
4.3.2. Kiem dinh gid thuyet...............................................................................................48
4.3.3. Kiem dinh irt'rc lir/mg mb hinh ly thuyet bang Bootstrap.....................................49
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4.3.4. Ddnh gid tdc dong true tiep. gidn tiep va tong hop giiia cdc khdi niem trong
mb hinh nghien am...............................................................................................................50
4.4.
Kiem dinh mo hinh cau true da nhom................................................................51
4.4.1. Phtrmig phdp kiem dinh mb hinh cdu true da nhbm.............................................51

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4.4.2. Ket qud kiem dinh mb hinh da nhbm ..........................................................53
4.4.2.1. Kiem dinh sirkhde biet theo gicri tfnh..............................................................53
4.4.2.2. Kiem dinh sirkhde bigt theo do tubi.................................................................56
4.4.2.3. Kiem dinh su khde biet theo trinh do................................................................58
4.4.2.4. Kiem dinh sirkhde bigt theo kinh nghiem.........................................................61
Tom tat chirong 4...............................................................................................................64
CIIU’ONG 5: KET QUA VA HAM Y QUAN TR|.........................................................65
5.1.
Ket qua va dong gop cua nghien ciru.................................................................65


5.1.1. Ket qud va dong gop ve phircmg phdp nghien cim................................................65
5.1.2. Ket qua va dong gbp ve miit by thuyet....................................................................66
5.2.

Hani y quan tri......................................................................................................68

5.2.1. Gia fang nhqn thirc ti'nh de sir dung bang each dim gidn boa each thirc van
bank mot trang web tuyen dung Ina' tuyen..........................................................................69
•

F

%

5.2.2. Gia King nhqn thirc sir hint (ch cua trang web tuyen dung true tuyen bang each
tap trung cung cap thong tin cd lai cho ngudi tint viec.......................................................69
%


z

5.2.5. Gia King nhqn thirc sir tin cqy being each cung cap nhung thong tin chinh xdc tren
cdc trang web tuyen dung true tuyen...................................................................................70
5.2.4. Gia lang nhqn thirc hui'mg thu cua img vien bring each xdy dung trang web
••
tuyen dung true tuyen theo hiring than thien vdi ngudi ditng.............................................71
5.3.
Han che va hiring nghien ciru (rung luong lai...................................................72
KET LU AN.......................................................................................................................74
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
PHU LUC


I

CI IU ONG 1
TONG QUAN VE DE TAI NGHIEN CUU
1.1. Ly do chon de tai
Ngay nay. cdng nghy ngay cang phat trien. Nd anh hudng den tai ca cac linh vyc va
quan tri nguon nhan lye cung khdng phai la ngoai lc. Cong nghc da lhay doi each thuc van
hanh trong quan tri nguon nhan lire va nd dinh hinh chicn lune thu hut. tuyen dyng. giu chan vi
quan ly nhan vicn Marler & Fisher (2013) cho rang, quan tri nguon nhan luc dien tu (e-HRM)
la mot hudng nghien ci'ru moi trong linh vuc nay. d$c biyt la tuyen dyng tryc tuyen (eRecruitmcnt).
•*•*
Rat nhicu to chirc. cong ty su dung internet nhu mot nguon tuyen dung (Avinash et al,
2012). I Io thudng xuyen dang tin quang cao tuyen dyng tren cac trang web do ho ty tao hoac
thong qua cac trang web chuyen vc tuyen dung cua cac cong ty sSn dau ngiroi. Hon nfta. ho
cung su dung cong nghc de quan ly qua trinh tuyen dyng cua cong ty duyc hiyu qua horn.

Melanthiou & cong su (2015) da cho rang, cac to chirc da su dung mang xa hyi nlnr
myt cong cy tuyen dyng tryc tuyen Tac gia da khao sat 117 cong ty thuyc nhicu nganh nghc
khac nhau nhu thuc pham va du lich, cong nghc thong tin. quan tri va tai chinh ngan hang,
truyen thdng va marketing, vien thong, ...thi co han 50% trong so do da sir dung hinh thuc
tuyen dung tryc tuyen tren mang xa hoi. Mol trong sau trang mang xii hoi pho bion nhat hicn
nay la Facebook, Linked In, Twitter. Instagram. Printers! vi Google+ (Facebook Key
Facts.2013; Unites Census Bureau, 2014). Va vice tuyen dung tren cac trang mang xa hoi nay
da trcr thanh xu hudng mdi (Allden & Harris., 2013) Th$t vyy, so liyu thong ke trong Mo cao
Digital Marketing
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tai Viet Nam nam 2019 cung cap cho chung ta nhimg con so dang bat ngd. Theo do. dan so
Viet Nam nSm 2019 han 97 trieu nguai, vdi ty ltrieu nguai sir dyng internet, lang 28% so vdi nam 2017. Theo so liyu thong ke cua Internet
World Starts (2019). tinh den thang 12 nam 2018. Viet Nam co tdi 58 tri?u nguai dung myng
xa hyi tren thiel bj di dyng. Con so nay tang han 8 trieu ngudi dung so vdi dau nam 2018. Su
phat trien vugl bac cua cong nghe da giiip cho


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cac nha tuyen dung cd the de dang tiep can thong tin qua cac hoat dong cua urng vien tren cic
trang myng xa hyi Viyc loi da hda thong tin umg vien giup quyet djnh tuyen
•J
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dung dugc de dang han. Nguon cung cua ting vien cung da dang va phong phu han cho nha
tuyen dung nhieu danh gia, I ya chon.
Vi tuyen dyng thong qua internet, thong qua mang xa hoi dang la xu hudng. cho nen.

ncu cac cong ty d Viet Nam khdng urng dung cong nghc vao edng tac tuyen dyng se de dang
trd nen lye hyu. Dicu do sc anh hirdng rat km den hi$u qua cong viyc cua cac cong ty cung
nhu cua ngirdi true tiep lam cong tac tuyen dung. Hien nay. chung ta dang song va lam viyc
trong ky nguyen cua the gidi phAng, mgt cong ty co
*•**
the co rat nhieu chi nhanh hay van phong dai dicn d nhieu qudc gia khac nhau. do do. vituyen chgn nhan vien thong qua internet va phong van trao ddi qua cac thiet bi.

Him ntta. chung ta dang lam vice trong moi trudng cong nghc 4.0. No tac dong rat
den each there van hanh cua cac nganh khac. tham chi cd nganh khdng the ton tai ncu khdng
co sir tac dong cua cong nghe va quan tri nguon nhan luc cung khdng dung ngoai xu hirdng
niy. Sy phat tricn cua cong nghe lam thay ddi quy each tiep cun.
quan ly va sir dung lao dong. Cac nha quan tri dang dung trudc nhimg ca hoi cung thdeh tln'rc
khdng nho tir cuoc edeh mang cong nghe 4.0 do la viec dp dung cong nghe trong tuyen dung.
Tuyen dung gdn lien vdi cong nghc hay noi each khac tuyen dung true tuyen ngay cang
dugc iru chuyng. Thanh edng cua cac trang web tuyen dung dang la xu
••»•**
hudng cua hien tai. Thye tc cho thay tren the gidi da xuat hien nhieu ly thuyct. mo hinh nghien
cuu ve tuyen dung tryc tuyen cung nhu cac yeu to tac dong den nd Dya tren co sd du lieu dugc
tim kiem bdi tac gia thi cac nghien cuu tnrdc chii you tap trung vao cdc yeu to anh hudng den
viec chap nhan edng nghe thong tin va Internet.
nhu: Davis & cgng sy (1989), Taylor & Told (1995).
Trong nhimg nam gan day, tuyen dung true tuyen cung trd thanh de tai dugc nhieu nha
khoa hgc tren the gidi quan tain nghien cuu Cy the nhu Brahmana & Brahmana (2013) nghien
cuu ve cac yeu to thuc day thai do cua ung vien trong viec su dung tuyen dung true tuyen de
tim viec tai Malaysia. Hay Mahmood (2017) va Selvanathan & epng sy (2019) cGng dang dua


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ra ly thuyet ve tuyen dyng tryc tuyen va tin rang tuyen dung true tuyen co y nghia rat quan
trong trong qua trinh tim kiem vipc lam cua ting vien cung nhu tim kiem nguon nhan tai cua to
chiic.
Tit thuc lien ncu trcn. lac gia kc thira nghicn cuu cua Selvanathan & cong sy (2019)de
xay dyng ncn de tai nghien cuu "Cueyen to tac dong deny dinh ung tuyen true tuyen cua nguoi
tim viec **.
1.2.

Tong quan tinh hinh nghicn ciru ve dinh ung tuyen true tuyen
Sy phat trien cua cong nghp thong tin, c6ng nghy web da thuc day sy phiit tricn

»
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y
cua phuung thuc tuyen dung tryc tuyen. Trcn the gidi co rat nhicu nha khoa hoc da nghien ciru
ve van de nay. Trong so do. cac nghien cuu dien hinh bao gom:
•z_r

Tong (2009) da kcl hup mo hinh chap nhan cong nghc (TAM) va mo hinh chap nhan
thuung mai dien tu (e-CAM) phan tich y dinh ting tuyen tryc tuyen. Tac gia khao sat 262
nguui, bao gom 136 nam (51.1%). 130 nir (48.9%) vui nhom tuoi tir 21 den hem 50 tuoi va sir
dung thang do Likert 5 diem. Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, phan Ion cac yeu to cua TAM va
e-CAM cd tic dpng tich eye den y dinh ung tuyen cua ngirdi tim vice trcn cac trang web tuyen
dung true tuyen. nhu: nhan thuc sir huu ich (PU), nhan thuc tinh de sir dung (PEOU), rui ro
trong nhan thuc rieng tu va hieu qua ban than danh rieng cho tuyen dung. Trong do. nhan thuc
sy huu ich (PU) cua mot trang web tuyen dung true tuven tac dong manh den y dinh ling tuyen
(IB) cua nguui tim vipc. Tuy nhien. yeu to nhyn thuc tinh de sir dyng (PEOU) lyi tic dpng

khong dang kc den nhan thuc sy huu ich (PU).
Lin (2010) di mu rpng ly thuyet hinh vi dy dinh (TPB) de giai thich y dinh sir
»•••
dung cac trang web de tim kiem vice lam tai Dai Loan. Kct qua cho thay. yeu to nhan thuc sy
In'ru ich (PU) va yeu to nhan thuc tinh de su dung (PEOU) co tac dong tich
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eye, anh huung den vice hinh thanh thiii dp cua nguui tim vipc. Qua do. hai yeu to nay tac
dong gian tiep den y dinh su dung (IB) cac trang web nhu mot cong cu de tim kiem vipc lam.
Brahmana & Brahmana (2013) dura ra mo hinh nghien cuu ve moi quan he giira ba
ycu to nh|n thirc sy hiru ich (PU), nh$n thuc tinh de su dyng (PEOU) va nhyn thuc huong thu


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(PE) cung nhau tac dong len y dinh su dung (IB) phuong thirc tuycn dung tryc tuyen de tim
kiem vice lam. 'lacgiasurdyng 18 cau hoi va thangdo l.ikert

true tuycn. Kct qua cho thay ring, tat ca cac gia thuyct dcu dune chap nhan.
Alsultanny & Alotaibi (2015) cung da chimg minh rang mo hinh chap nh$n cong nghe
TAM la mo hinh cue ki hiru dung trong viec nghien cuu ve y dinh su dung tuycn dung tryc
tuycn. Tuy nhicn, khac voi Brahmana & Brahmana (2013), tac gia
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—
da dat giai thuyct rang: ba ycu to gom nhan thuc su huu ich (PU). nhan thuc tinh de su dyng
(PEOU) va nhan thirc huong thy (PE) tac dong len bien (rung gian (thai do sir dung), thai do
sir dung tac dong trirc tiep den y dinh sir dung (Bl) tuycn dung trirc tuycn. Kct qua nghien cuu
cho thay: Nhan thirc tinh de sir dung (PEOU) co anh huong dang kc den nhan thirc sy him ich

(r = 0.528), nhan thirc huong thy (r = 0.487). thai do sir dyng (r = 0.444) va y dinh su dung
(0.376). Nhan thirc su hiru ich (PU) co anh Inrong dang kc den nhan thirc Inrdng thy (r =
0.539), thai do sir dyng (r = 0.539) v£ y
* z
dinh sir dung (0.470). Nhan thuc huong thu (PE) co anh hircmg dang kc den thai do su dyng (r
= 0.620) va y dinh sir dung (r = 0.486). Thai do su dung anh huong dang kc den y dinh sir
dung cong ngh? tuyen dung true tuycn (r = 0.714).
Mahmood (2017) da kc thira nghien ciru ciia Gefcn & cong su (2003) vc vice met
ryng mo hinh chap nhyn cong nghy (TAM) trong mua sam tryc tuyen. Theo do.
•••**
ycu to niem tin dune xcm nhu mot phan mu rong ciia mo hinh chap nhan cong nghe.
Tac gia da dua ra ba nhan to gom nhyn thirc sy him ich (PU), nhyn thirc tinh de sir
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dung (PEOU) va niem tin (TRUST) co anh huong den y dinh sir dung cac trang web tuyen
dung tryc tuyen ciia nguoi tim viyc. Ket qua cho thay ca 3 nhan to tren deu tac dong den y
dinh sir dyng tuycn dung tryc tuycn. Dong then. Mahmood (2017) con cho r3ng, vice gia ting
cac trang web tuycn dung true tuycn sfi thuc day nguoi tim viyc co y djnh sir dyng phuong
thuc tuycn dyng nay de tim kiem viyc lam. Vi tuycn dung true tuyen giup ngudi tim viec ung
tuyen nhanh han va thong tin dirge bao mat vd an loan han.
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Sclvanathan & cong sir (2019) dirge cho la nghicn cim moi nhat vc y dinh su dung
tuyen dung irgc tuyen de tim kiem vice lam. Tac gia dua ra ba nhan to gom nhan thuc sg htru
ich (PU). nhan thuc tinh de sir dyng (PEOU) va nhyn thuc su tin cay (PC) co anh hudng den y
dinh sir dung cac trang web tuyen dung true tuyen cua ngudi tim vi$c. Tac gia da khao sat 114


V

nguiri va ket qua cho thay rang cd mgt moi quan he tfch cue dang ke giira cae y dinh sir dung

tuyen dung true tuyen (Bl) va nhan thuc tinh de su dung (PEOU). Tuy nhien, nhyn (hire tinh
hihi dung (PU) va nhyn thuc
true tuyen.

* • * su tin cay khong cd moi quan he vdi y dinh sir dung tuyen dung

0 Vigt Nam, cung da cd nghien ciru ve y dinh ung tuyen trgc tuyen dga tren mo hinh chap
nhan edng ngh?. Tuy nhien. vice ket hgp mo hinh chap nhap edng nghc (TAM) vdi yeu to
nhan thuc su tin cay va nhan thuc sir hudng thii khi sir dung cac (rang web de nghicn cun y
djnh ung tuyen tryc tuyen van chua dugc quan tarn va chua tim thay nghien cini hoc thuat ve
van de nay. Trong khi do. kho co the sir dung ket qua cua nhdng nghien ciru tren the gidi ap
dung vfto thj tnrdng tuyen dung tyi Vituyen cua ngudi tim vice cung khac nhau d moi quoc gia. Tir do cd the thay ring, viyc nghien
ciru cac nhan to nhan thuc sg huu ich (PU). nhan thuc tinh de sir dung (PEOU), nhan thuc
hudng thu (PE) va nhan thuc su tin cay (PC) dcu cd moi quan he den y dinh su dung tuyen
dung true truyen (BI) de tim kiem vi?c lam tyi Vi?t Nam la can thict.
1.3.

Tong quan thuc te vc tuyen dung true tuyen d Viet Nam
Internet d Vi$t Nam dang phôh tricn vdi tdc dg nhanh chdng m(it trong nhung

*
ã
r
nam gan day. Chi sau 10 nam kc tir 2007, so ngudi su dung internet o Viet Nam tang len 50.05
trieu ngudi. Vd hien nay (dau n5m 2020), so lirgng ngudi dung d Viet Nam
do quan tarn va kha ndng tiep can cong nghc thong tin cua ngudi dan Viet Nam la rat
cao
Hoa chung vao dong chay phat trien cua internet, cac doanh nghiep cung da va dang
khdng ngirng tim kiem cho minh nhirng cich (hue. phirong phap ho?t dyng hicu qua.

Phucrng thuc tuyen dung true tuycn da du nliap vao Viet Nam tir nhirng nam 90 cua the ki
trade, khi m;i internet dan pho hien nlnrng van edn bi han che va rat ft nguui dung. Mai den
dau nhirng nam 2000 thi tuycn dung true tuycn moi thuc sy phat trien. Theo thong kc tir
Similarweb cong bd hoi thang 2 nim 2020, Victnamwworks.com. Carccrbuildcr.com vn cimg
vdi Timviccnhanh.com. Vieclam24h.com.vn va Jobstreet.vn tao nen nhom 5 trang web tuyen
dung true tuven Idn nhat Vi$t Nam vdi so liyu nhu sau:


V
I

STT

Bang 1.1 Bang xep hang cac trang web tuycn clung true tuycn
Xep hang
So lirong truy eap/
Website
Nam thanh lap
website
thang

1

Viclnamworks.com

2002

416

1.8 tricu

2

Careerbuilder.com. vn
(Kiemviec.vn)

2004

445

2.1 tricu

3

Timviecnhanh.com

2007

622

1.2 tricu

4

Jobstreet, vn

2012

746

1.2 tricu

5

Vieclam24h.vn

2007

923

923 ngan

h\

'guon: Similarweb)

Vai nam trd lai day, xuat hien rat nhieu cac trang web tuyen dung true tuyen nhu
Carccrlink, TopCV, Mywork. Jobsgo. ITviec, Indeed, Ybox... sy da dang cua cac trang web
vice lam cung tao non nhieu sy lira chon cho cdc doanh nghiep moi khi muon tuyen dyng
nhan sy. Ngoiti ra. vdi sy xuat hi^n cac tinh nSng d3ng tuyen vi$c lam iron mang xa hoi nhu
Linked In. Facebook cung giup cho cac doanh nghiep va irng vicn co them nhieu kenh de
tuycn dung va tim kiem vice lam. Nam 2016, Linked
r •
*
In bat dau dupe ngudi dung Vi?t Nam quan (am vi sir dyng vdi myc dich trao doi thong tin
ve tuyen dung va tim kiem viec lam. Nam 2018. Facebook Viet Nam cung cho ra ddi tinh
nSng tim vice cd ten gyi la “Jobs" nham cynh tranh vdi Linked In Theo do. cac doanh nghiep
co the tu tao trang tuycn dung rieng va tu dang tuycn. Cac irng vien tim vice cung cd the
thoai mai irng tuyen Iren nen tang Facebook.
Tu do, co the thay rang, tuyen dung true tuyen dang phat trien mot each manh me tyi

ihj truting Vi£t Nam. Tuyen dyng tryc tuyen dan khang djnh duyc tfnh hOru dung va phu hop
vdi xu huting phat trien cua nganh quan tri nhan su.
1.4.

Myc tieu nghien cuu
1.4.1. Muc tieu chung
Muc tieu ehung cua nghien cuu nay la nghien cuu ve cac you to tac dong den y djnh

ung tuyen tryc tuyen cua ngutii tim viyc. Dya Iren co so phan tich thyc tryng sir dung mang xa
hoi. sir dung cac trang web tuyen dung de tim kiem viec lam va ung tuyen tyi Viyt Nam, xac
djnh diryc cac ycu to anil huting den y djnh ung tuyen tr\rc


V
I
I
»

*

*

/r

tuyen cua ung vicn. Dong thdi. danh gia dune muc do anh huting cua tung ycu to den y dinh
ung tuyen tryc tuyen cua ung vien de tim kiem vi$c torn. Qua do, ket qua nghien cuu sc la lien
de cho cac doanh nghiep xay dung, thict kc phuung an tuyen dung tryc tuyen phu hop, cat ticn
nham dap ung dune cac yeu cau cua ung vicn, tang
«

r

z

sue canh tranh trong moi tnrting tuyen dyng ngay cang khoc lict trong cutie chitin danh ngutii
tai ve cho doanh nghiep minh hien nay.
1.4.2. Muc tieu cu the
•
•
•
r
r
Xac dinh co so ly thuyct va mo hinh nghicn cuu vc cac ycu to tac dong den y dinh ung

tuyen true tuyen cua ngirdi tim viec.
•

z

z

Kiem dinh inti hinh ly thuyct trong thuc te tai Viet Nam.
Ham y chinh sach (quan tri) cho doanh nghiep su dung hinh thuc tuyen dung tryc tuyen
de tuyen chyn nhan sy myl cich hiyu qua him.
1.4.3. Cau hoi nghien cuu
Vtii myc lieu nghicn cuu da duyc trinh bay ti tren, luyn vSn sS tra ltii ba cau hoi
nghicn cuu nhu sau:
- Cac yeu to nao tac dong den y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen cua ung vien?
Muc dy tac dyng cua lirng yeu to den y djnh ung tuyen tryc tuyen de tim kiem
vice lam cua ung vien la nhu the nao?

- Giai phap nao duyc cho la phu hyp de gia tang y djnh ung tuyen tryc tuyen de tim kiem
viec lam cua ung vien tai Viet Nam hien nay?
1.5.

Doi turmg nghien cuu
1.5.1. Doi tuvng nghien cun
Doi tuong nghien cun ma de tai huang tai chinh la y dinh ung tuycn true tuycn de tim

kiem vi£c lam.
1.5.2. Doi tuvng khao sat
Doi tuong ma tac gia hudng den de khao sat la nam/nu sinh nSm i960 den 2002 (tir 18
Indi den duai 60 tuoi). day la nliimg nguoi nam trong dg tudi lao dgng va da hoac dang ung


V
I
I
I

tuyen true tuyen de tim kiem viec lam tai Viet Nam.
1.6.

Pham vi nghien cim

1.6.1. Khong gian
Tat ca nhdng nguoi str dung phuang thuc tuyen dung true tuyen de tim kiem vige lam
tai Viet Nam.
1.6.2. Th oi gian
De dam bao ti'nh c|p nh(it cua de tai. cac du ligu so cap dugc thu thap tir nam 2019 den
2020 va de xuat giai phap cho giai doan 2020 - 2025.

Thai gian nghien ciru cua de tai kco dai trong khoang thdi gian 07 thang. tir th^ng 01 nam
2020 den thang 07 nam 2020.
1.7.

Phuang phap nghien cuu
De lai sir dung hai phuang phap nghien cuu: Nghien cuu djnh tinh va nghien cuu dinh

luang.
1.7.1. Phuong phap dinh tinh
Nghien cuu sa bo dirge thuc hicn thong qua phuang phap dinh tinh vai ky n3ng thio
lu£n tay ddi. Phong van 10 nha tuycn dung cd kinh nghigm tuycn dung true
•*
tuycn tir 3 nam trd len tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. Muc dich la de xac dinh cac ycu to tac
dong den y dinh ini tuyen true tuyen dugc liel ke trong mo hinh nghien ciru c6 phii hap vai
tinh hinh tuyen dung t?i Vigt Nam hay khong. Dong thin, thong qua phong van nhirng nguoi
co nhicu nSm kinh nghigm sS co the dicu chinh tir ngu trong thang do cho de hieu. phii hgp
vai dja ly nghien ciru ma khong mat di tinh chat bieu hien gia tri cua thang do mau.
1.7.2. Phuongphap dinh lutjng
NghiBn ciru chi'nh thirc dugc thyc hicn thong qua phuong phip nghien ciru dinh hrong
bang each phong van true tiep thong qua bang cau hoi. Noi dung bang cau hoi gdm hai phan
chfnh:
(1) Khao sat cac ycu to anh Inrong den y dinh ung tuycn true tuycn de tim kiem vice
lam tai Viet Nam va sir dung thang do Likert vdi 5 mire do.
(2) MQI SO cau hoi phy ve thong tin ca nhan nguoi tim vi^c.
Sir dung bang cau hoi thang do mau dugc ke thira tir nghien ciru cua Brahmana &
Brahmana (2013), Sclvanthan & cong sy (2019) va Alsultanny (2015).


I
X

**•
Thong tin dune thu thap sc dugc xir ly bang pham mem SPSS 20.0. Thang do sau khi
dune danh gia bang phuong phap h$ so tin cay Cronbach’s Alpha, phan tich nhan to kham pha
EFA va sir dung AMOS phan tich CFA/SEM va phan thich da nhom. Bai nghien cuu sS dugc
su dung phuong phap hoi quy boi de do ludng mire do lac dong cua tirng nhan to den quyct
dinh sir dyng phuong thuc tuycn dyng tryrc tuyen cua ung vien va kiem dinh gia thiet nghien
ciru.
1.8.

Y nghla thyc tien va khoa hue cua de tai
r r
r
Bai nghien cuu giup tim ra cac ycu to anh hudng den y dinh irng tuycn true tuyen cua

nguoi tim viec tai Viet Nam. Hr do la tien de cho cac doanh nghiep nhin nhan danh gia lai
kenh tuycn dung cua minh.
Dong that, cac doanh nghiep con co the tim hicu nhfrng thicu s6t va xay dung kenh
tuyen dyng tryc tuyen dap irng thoa man dugc nhu cau cua irng vien, nang cao nang lire canh
tranh cua doanh nghiep trong cuoc chicn thu hut va tim kiem nhan tai f
khoc li$t nhu hi$n nay.
1.9.

Ket cau de tai

I ren co so yeu cau va gidi han there hi?n ciing vdi muc dich. doi tuong pham
r #
vi va phuong phap nghien cuu da dirge xac dinh Bai nghien ciru dugc thiet ke 5 chuong di tir
ly thuyct den thyc tien.
•**

Chuong 1: Tong quan ve de lai nghien cuu
Trong clnrnng nay, bai nghien cuu trinh bay tfnh cap thiet cua de tai. muc tieu de ltd
hudng den. phym vi nghien cuu. long quan nghien ciru, bo eye cua de lAi.
Chuwng 2: Crrstrly lit an va mo hinh nghien cuu
Trong chuang hai, bai nghien cuu gidi thi£u co so ly thuyet ve tuyen dung tryc
•
* r
* *
»
tuyen. De xuat mo hinh nghien ciru cac ycu to anh hudng den y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen cua
ung vien va cac gia thuyet.
#•
Chuong 3: Thiet ke quy trinh nghien cun
Trong chucmg ba, trinh bay phuong phap nghien cuu va thuc hien xay dung thang do.
each danh gia va kiem djnh thang do cho cac khai ni?m trong mo hinh. Tien hanh kiem dinh
su phu hop cua mo hinh va kiem dinh cac gia thuyet de ra.


X

Chiro'ng 4: Thao luqn ket qua nghien ciru
Trong chuang 4 sc neu len ket qua thuc hien nghien ciru.
Kct qua thuc hien bao gom: Mo ta dir lieu thu thap dune, tien hanh danh gia, kiem dinh
thang do. sy phu hop cua mo hinh sau do thuc hi?n kiem djnh cac gia thuyet va mo hinh
nghien ciru.
Chirong 5: Ket qua nghien ciru va ham y quan tri
Chuang nay sc trinh bay tom tat lai kct quii chinh cua nghien ciru sau do dua ra cac de
xual cai lien he thong tuyen dung true tuyen. Nghien ciru cung neu len nhung dong gop cua de
tai va cac gidi h?n, hudng nghien ciru tiep thco.
Ket luqn.

CIIUONG 2
CO SO LY LUAN VA MO HINH NGHIEN CtfU
2.1.

Tong quail ly thuyet ve tuyen dung true tuyen

2.1.1. Tuyen dung true tuyen
tuyen vao to chuc (Balasubramanian, 2014). Tuyen dung la hoat dong lien ket nhung
nhii tuyen dyng va nhung ngudi tim viyc voi nhau Hi£n nay. hinh (hire tuyen dyng truyen
thong dan dugc lhay the bang hinh thuc tuyen dung true tuyen.
Tuyen dung tryrc tuyen hay con dugc ggi bfing mgt csii ten khac la tuyen dung
• * dicn tu hoac tuyen dung dua tren ncn tang web la
vice sir dung cong nghc true tuyen de thu hut, tao nguon irng vien va ho tig qu£ trinh tuyen
dyng. Tuyen dyng tryrc tuyen la qua trinh tuyen dung nhan vien sir dyng non tang cong
ngh? web. ma chu ycu la internet (Kaur. 2015).
Ngiiy nay. quy trinh tuyen dung dirge cac cong ly. to chuc sir dung myt each kha
pho bien nham thu hut va bo sung nguon nhan lyre. Theo so lieu thong ke tir Bao cao thj
trudng tuyen dyng tryrc tuyen cua Vietnamworks vao giura n5m 2019 thi co
ô
ã
Z ằ
ằ
den 49% cac cong ty sir dung kenh tuyen dung tnre tuyen de tim kiem irng vien. Ho ur tao
trang web tuyen dung rieng cho c6ng ty cua ho ho$c tao tin khoan tuyen dung tren cac trang
web cua cong ly dich vy san dau ngudi. Ung vien tim vice ciing khong con phai den true
tiep cong ty mil cd the tim kiem thong tin tuyen dung tren cac trang web tuyen dyng tryrc
tuyen hoyc ciic trang myng xa hyi nlnr Facebook. Linked in...
»*

Rat nhicu cong ty Ion su dung internet nlnr mot cong cu tuyen dung. Ho dang thong
bao tuyen dyng tren cac trang web. Ung vien tim viy-c si irng tuyen bing edeh
*
%
r
giri ho so xin vice (bang email) den tai khoan nha tuyen dung. Ngoai ra. irng vien cd the tao
ho so tnre tuyen de cac nha tuyen dung tu tim den irng vien. Dieu nhy cho thay ring, tuyen
dyng true tuyen dii tao co hoi ket noi giua ngudi tim vi$c va cac to chuc tuyen dung. Mot so
tinh niing chinh cua tuyen dung tnre tuyen nhirdSng tuyen.
lyo ho so tryrc tuyen. phong van tryrc tuyen thong qua cac irng dyng giao tiep tryrc


12

tuyen nhur skype, zoom... hay yeu cau ung vien thuc hien cac bat kiem tra ve ky nang. kien
thuc lien quan den vj tri can tuyen.
Hicn nay. cac cong ty co hai each chinh de thu hut ung vien thong qua internet. Thu
nhat, ho ty tao trang tuyen dyng rieng cho edng ly. 0 day, ho c6 the thyc hi?n

tan dung trict de cic cong cu quang cio vice lam cua cac trang mang xa hoi nhu Facebook.
Linked in. Thu hai. cac cong ty co the mua djeh vy dang tuyen hoyc djeh vu dur lieu urng
vien thong qua cac cong ty san dau ngiroi (hay con goi la cac cong ty tuyen dyng diyn tir
ben thu ba). 0 Vj$t Nam hiy-n nay, myt so cong thong tin tuyen dung true tuyen noi tieng
nhu Victnamworks. CarccrBuildcr. Vicclam24h, Timviecnhanh va Jobstreet.
2.1.2. Ly thuyet vey dinh ling tuyen true tuyen
Ly thuyet ve y dinh ung tuyen true tuyen dugc xay dung dua tren mo hinh chap nhyn
cong nghc TAM Mo hinh chap nhyn cong nghc TAM dirge giai thicu lan dau tien boi Davis
vao nam 1986, dua tren co so cua y thuyet hanh vi du dinh TRA vi iy thuyet hinh dyng hyp
l}'r TPB vdi hai yeu to nhyn (hue sy hflru ich (PU) vi nhan thuc tinh de su dung (PEOU).
Mo hinh TAM dugc cho la mot trong nhirng cong cu hfru ich trong viec giai thich y dinh

chap nhan mot san pham mdi thong qua nen tang
%
___
z
thuong mai diyn tir. ma dye bicl la tren nen tang web. Mo hinh TAM cung cap goc nhin sau
sic de du doan cac die tinh he thong co anh hirong den thai do va hanh vi su dyng cong
ngh?.
»*
Nam 2003. Gcfcn & cong su da dua ra mot mo hinh nghicn ciru vc niem tin vi mo
hinh chap nhyn cong nghg trong mua sip tr\rc tuyen. Tic gia di dua ra mo hinh
**•
nghicn ciru vdi Niem tin nhu mot phan mo rong cua mo hinh chap nhan cong nghc TAM.
Mo hinh niy giai thich ve su tie dong cua niem tin den y dinh mua hing true tuyen cua
ngucri lieu dimg tren nen tang web. Cung giong nhu tuyen dyng tryc tuyen. irng vien chi
ung tuyen khi va chi khi ho tin tirong va nhttng thong tin dugc ding tai tren trang web vi sy
uy tin cua doanh nghigm dang tuyen dyng.