DAI HOC QUOC GIA THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE - LUAT

NGUYfcN VAN TH AM

CAC YEU TO ANH HUONG DEN Y DINH TIEP TUC
••

THAM GIA BAO HIEM XA HOI TU NGUYEN TREN
•••

DIA BAN HUYEN BA TRI TINH BEN TRE
••

Nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh
Ma so: 8340101

LUAN V AN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

NGUOI HUONG DAN KHOA HQC: PGS.TS. NGUYEN HAI QUANG

TP. lid CIII MINH - NAM 2021


LCXI CAM DOAN
Toi xin can) doan cong trinh nghicn ciru “Cac ycu id anh Inrang den y djnh tiep tuc
tham gia bao hiem xa hoi tur nguycn tren dja ban huycn Ba Tri linh Ben Tre" chinh la cong
trinh nghien ecru cua tdi . Cac so lieu, ket qua neu trong luan van la
•
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(rung thirc va chira timg dupe ai cong bo trong bat ky cong trinh nao khac

TAC GIA

NGUYEN VAN THAM


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DANH MVC CAC TU VIET TAT
ASXII: An sinh x3 hoi
BHXH: Bao hiem xa hoi
BIIYT: Bao hiemyte
EFA (Exploration Factor Analysis): Phan tfch nhan to kham pha
UBND: Uy ban nhan dan
NLD: Ngudi lao dyng
SPSS: (Statistical Package for Social Sciences): Phan mem xir ly thong ke
dung trong c3c ngilnh khoa hoc x3 hpi


Ill

I)ANH MVC CAC BANG
Bang 3.1 Thang do Nhyn tln'rc ve link an sinh x3 hgicua BIIXH Ur nguy^n....................33
Bang 3.2 Thang do Thai do.................................................................................................34
Bang 3.3 Thang do Hieu biet ve BIIXH..............................................................................34
Bang 3.4 Thang do Anh huang xa hoi.................................................................................35
Bang 3.5 Thang do Thu nhap..............................................................................................36
Bang 3.6 Thang do Truycn thong........................................................................................37
Bang 3.7 Thang do y dinh tiep tuc tham gia BIIXH hr nguyen...........................................37
Bang 3.8 Bang phan sd lugng mau thco don vj hinh

chinh.......................................39
Bang 4.1 Thong tin nguoi lao dong dirge phong van..........................................................45
Bang 4.2 H$ so Cronbach’s Alpha cua cac thang do..........................................................48
Bang 4.3 Tong hgp ket qua kiem dinh cac thang do...........................................................49
Bang 4.4 Ket qua KMO va kiem dinh Bartlett’s Test cua cac bicn doc lap........................50
Bang 4.5 Tong phirong sai trich cua cic bicn doe lyp.........................................................51
Bang 4.6 Ket qua phan tich nhan to cac bicn doc lap sau khi xoay.....................................52
Bang 4.7 Ket qua KMO va kiem djnh Bartlett’s Test cua bicn phy thugc..........................53
Bang 4.8 Tong phirong sai trich cua cac bicn phu thuoc.....................................................53
Bang 4.9 Ket qua phan tich nhan to cac bien cua thanh phan phy thugc............................54
Bang 4.10 Ma trim tuong quan cua 6 yeu to doc l$p va I you to phu thuoc.......................57
Bang 4.11 Bang tom tat ket qua phan tich hoi quy..............................................................58
Bang 4.12 Phan tich phirong sai Anovaa.............................................................................59
Bang 4.13 He so hoi qui......................................................................................................59
Bang 4.14 Thong ke gidi tinh nguoi lao dgng.....................................................................63


Bang 4.15 Ket qua kiem dinh trung binh nguoi lao dong nam va nu..................................63
Bang 4.16 Kiem tra tinh dong nhai ctia cac phucmg sai.....................................................64
Bang 4.17 Kct qua phan tich phucmg sai giua cac do tudi..................................................64
Bang 4.1X Ket qua kiem dinh phucmg sai theo bien Trinh dp hoc van............................64
Bang 4.19 Ket qua phan tich phucmg sai giua cac nhom trinh do hoc van.......................65
Bang 4.20 Kct qua kiem dinh theo bien Thu nhap..............................................................65
Bang 4.21 Kct qua phan tich phucmg sai giua cic muc thu nhup........................................66
Bang 5.1 Thong ke mo ta cac bien quan sat........................................................................72


DANH MVC CAC HINH
Ilinh 2.1. Mo hinh hanh vi cua ngirdi mua sSm..................................................................13
Hinh 2.2: Mo hinh Hoc thuyct hanh dong hop ly cua Ajzcn va Fishbcin............................19

Hinh 2.3. Mo hinh hanh vi dyrdinh (TPB)...........................................................................19
1 linh 2.4. Mo hinh nghicn cuu cac nhan to anh huong y dinh ticp tuc thani gia Bl IXII
tir nguycn cua nguoi lao dong tai huycn Ba Tri...................................................................28
Hinh 3.1. Quy trinh nghicn curu..........................................................................................31
Hinh 4.1. Mo hinh nghien cuu hieu chinh...........................................................................55
Hinh 4.2. Mo hinh hoi qui....................................................................................................60


MyC LVC
LO’I CAM DOAN................................................................................................................i
DANH MVC CAC Tlf VIET TAT....................................................................................ii
DANH MyC CAC BANG..................................................................................................iii
DANH MyC CAC HINH....................................................................................................v
Myc Lyc...............................................................................................................................vi
CHUONG I TONG QUAN VE NGHIEN CtfU................................................................1
1.1 Ly do chon de tai..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Tong quan cac nghien ciru co lien quan....................................................................2
1.3 Muc tieu nghien ciru....................................................................................................4
1.3.1 Muc tieu chung...........................................................................................................4
1.3.2 Myc tieu cy the..........................................................................................................5
1.4 Cau hoi nghien ciru.....................................................................................................5
1.5 Doi tuiyng va pham vi nghien cun.............................................................................5
1.5.1 Doi tuong nghien cuu..................................................................................................5
1.5.2 Pham vi nghien ciru....................................................................................................5
1.6 Phuong phap nghien cuu............................................................................................6
1.7 Y nghia thuc tien ciia nghien cuu...............................................................................6
1.8 Ket cau de tai nghien cuu............................................................................................7
CHUONG 2 CO SO LY IHUYET VA MO HINII NGHIEN CUU................................8
2.1 Ly thuyet ve an sinh xa hyi va bao hie in xa hoi tu nguyyn....................................8
2.1.1 An sinh xa hyi............................................................................................................8

2.1.1.1 Khai niem ve an sinh x3 hoi....................................................................................8


vi i

2.1.1.2 Ban chat cua An sinh xa hoi....................................................................................9
2.1.1.3 Vai trd cua An sinh xa hyi......................................................................................9
2.1.2 Bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn.....................................................................................11
2.1.2.1 Khai ni$m...............................................................................................................II
2.1.2.2 Doi tuyng, phuong thurc dong va muc dong Bl 1X11 tu nguycn........................11
2.1.2.3 Quycn loi khi tham gia.........................................................................................11
2.2 Ly thuyet ve hanh vi nguoi tieu dung......................................................................12
2.2.1 Hanh vi ngudi tieu dung..........................................................................................12
2.2.1.1 Khai ni^m hanh vi nguoi tieu dung.......................................................................12
2.2.1.2 Y nghia cua vice nghicn cuu hanh vi nguoi tieu dung..........................................14
2.2.2
Ly thuyet thai dp...................................................................................................15
2.2.2.1 Mo hinh thai do ba lhanh phan (tricomponent attitude model).............................16
2.2.2.2 Mo hinh thai do da thuoc tinh (multi-attitude model)...........................................17
2.2.2.3 Mo hinh hyc thuyet hanh dyng hyp ly (TRA - Theory of reasoned action
model)..................................................................................................................................18
2.2.2.4 Mo hinh hanh vi dy djnh (TPB - Theory of planned behaviour)..........................19
*••»
2.2.3 Mot so nghicn cuu dicn hinh lien quan den de tai nghicn cuu.................................20
2.2.3.1.................................................................................................................................. Mo
hinh nghien cuu ngoii nude.................................................................................................20
2.2.3.2.................................................................................................................................. Mo
hinh nghicn cuu trong nude.................................................................................................20
2.3
Gia thuyet vi ino hinh nghien cuu.........................................................................21

2.3 I CAc nhan to anh hudng den quyet djnh tham gia Bl 1X11 ty nguycn vi gia thuyet
.............................................................................................................................................22
2.3.1.1 Nhyn tln'rc ve tinh An sinh x3 hyi cua Bl IXII tv nguycn anh hudng den y djnh
tiep tuc tham gia BHXH tu nguycn.....................................................................................22


2.3.1.2 Thai do cua nguoi lao dong anh huong den y dinh tiep tuc tham gia BI 1X11 tu
nguy^n..................................................................................................................................24
2.3.1.3 Hieu biet ve Bao hicm xii hoi anh huong den y dinh tiep tuc tham gia BHXH
t\r nguycn.............................................................................................................................24
2.3.1.4 Anh huong xa hoi anh huong den y dinh tiep tuc tham gia BHXH tu nguycn
.............................................................................................................................................25
2.3.1.5 Thu nh$p cua ngudi lao d$ng anh hirong den y djnh tiep tyc tham gia BIIXII
tu nguyen..............................................................................................................................26
2.3.1.6 Truycn thong anh huong den y djnh tiep r\ic tham gia BllXll ty nguycn... 27
2.3.2 Mo hinh nghicn cuu de xuat.....................................................................................28
TOM TAT CHVONG 2.....................................................................................................29
CHUONG 3 THIET KE NGHIEN CL U........................................................................30
3.1 Quy trinh nghicn cuu.................................................................................................30
3.1.1 So luge quy trinh nghicn cuu....................................................................................30
3.1.2.................................................................................................................................... So
do quy trinh nghicn cuu......................................................................................................31
3.2
Nghicn cuu so- bo dinh tinh...................................................................................32
3.2.1 Myc dich cua nghicn cuu dinh tinh..........................................................................32
3.2.2 Phuong phap nghicn cuu dinh tinh..........................................................................32
3.2.3 Doi tuyng tham gia thao lu£n...................................................................................32
3.2.4 Xay dung thang do...................................................................................................33
3.3 Nghien cuu djnh luong..............................................................................................38
3.3.1 Xac dinh cd mau. quy each chon mau......................................................................38

3.3.2 Phuong phap chon mau............................................................................................39
3.3.3 Phuong phap phan tich du lieu.................................................................................40
3.3.3.1 Phan tich do tin cay - Cronbach’s ?\lpha...............................................................40
3.3.3.2................................................................................................................................. Ph
an tich nhan to kh&m pha - EFA........................................................................................40
3.3.3.3................................................................................................................................. Ph
an tich hoi quy tuycn tinh...................................................................................................41
3.3.3.4 Kiem dinh s\r khac bi$t bing T- test vii Anova.....................................................42
T6M TAT CH U ONG 3...................................................................................................43
CIIU'ONG 4 KET QUA NGHIEN CU’U VA THAO LUAN........................................44
4.1 Phan tich cac dac diem mau......................................................................................44
♦
4.2 Danh gia do tin cay cua thang do Cronbach’s Alpha.............................................47
4.3 Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA............................................................................50
4.3.1 Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA cho cac bien doc l^p...........................................50
4.3.2 Phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA bicn phu thuoc....................................................53
4.3.3 Dicn giai kct qua......................................................................................................54
4.4 Mo hinh hi$u chinh vi c£c gia thuyet.......................................................................55
4.5 Phan tich tiro*ng quan Pearson...............................................................................56
4.6 Phan tich hoi quy.......................................................................................................58
4.7 Kiem dinh gia thuyet.................................................................................................61


4.8 Kiem dinh danh gia sir khac biet giua cac nhom ngirdi tham gia........................62
4.8.1 Kiem dinh y dinh khac biet cua ngiroi lao dong theo
gidi tinh.........................63
4.8.2 Kiem djnh y djnh khic bi?t cua ngirdi lao dpng theo do tuoi...................................64
4.8.3 Kiem dinh y dinh khac biet cua ngirdi lao dong theo
trinh do hoc van............64
4.8.4 Kiem dinh y djnh khic bi
thu nh^p........................65
4.9 Thao luan ket qua va so sanh voi cac nghien ciru trinre day................................66
4.9.1 Thao luan kct qua nghien cuu...................................................................................66
4.9.2 So sanh ket qua vdi cac nghien cun trudc...........................................................67
TOM TAT CH U ONG 4..................................................................................................69
CHU'O’NG 5 KET LU AN VA HAM Y QUAN TRI.....................................................70
5.1 Ket luan nghien curu.................................................................................................70
5.2 Ham y qusin tri..........................................................................................................73
5.3 Cac han che ciia de tAi vA hirdng nghien cuu trong hromg lai............................78
5.3.1 H^n chc cua nghien cuu.........................................................................................78
5.3.2 Huong nghien cuu liep thco...................................................................................79
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
PHU LUC


I

CHIT0NG 1
TONG QUAN VE NGHIEN CUU
1.1

I.v do chon de tai
Trong quA trinh cong nghiep hda, hi^n
kinh te the gioi th! he thong an sinh xa hgi nhal la bao hiem xa hoi phai dirge phat tricn va
hoan thicn, dap ling nhu cau cua ngudi dan. Bao dam nhu cau ve an sinh xa hgi, la myc lieu
the hign tinh uu vigt cua x3 hpi van rninh, phu hgp vdi xu the chung cua cong dong quoc te.
Mat khac. mire do dam bao quyen an sinh la mot lieu chi rat quan trgng danh gia trinh dg
phiit tricn cua mgt quoc gia. Ben cynh vige ban hiinh cik chinh sach thuc day san xuat kinh
doanh, Nha nude luon coi trong thuc hicn cac chinh sdeh x3 hoi doi vdi ngudi lao dong.

Chinh sikh bao hiem xa hoi (BHXH) la mot trong nhung chinh sach quan trong
trong he thong chinh sach an sinh xa hoi cua ciic quoc gia tren the gidi. Nd la mgt trong
nhOrng cong cy huu ich cua nha nude trong vice thyc hign cac myc lieu tang trudng. on
dinh va cong bang trong quan ly kinh te vi mo. O Viet Nam. Dang v3 Nha nude het sue
quan tam tdi Hnh vyc an sinh x3 hgi ndi chung v3 linh vyc BHXH ndi rieng. Cac chinh sach
BHXH luon dugc doi mdi phu hgp vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hgi cua dat nude, gdp phan
dam bao ddi song cua ngudi lao dgng. on djnh xa hoi. thuc day kinh te phat tricn.
Chinh sach BHXH gdp phan dam bao ve mat thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong, khi hg
tym thdi hoyc vinh vicn mat kha nang lao dgng. Chinh sach BHXH ciing cd tac dung dong
vicn cong nhan. vicn chuc. quan nhan va ngudi lao dong thuoc cac thilnh phan kinh te khac
yen tarn edng tik san xuat, chicn dau gdp phan thing Igi v3o cong cuoc xay dung va bao ve
to quoc.
l.uat Bao hiem x3 hoi ra ddi cd higu lye thi hinh tir n3m 2007. Che do bao hiem xa
hoi tir nguycn dugc ap dyng tir nam 2008. Ngudi lao dong d moi khu vyc cd quyen Igi trong
tham gia bao hiem xa hoi va thu huong chinh sach bao hiem xa hoi. Vige tricn khai bao
hiem xa hgi ty nguygn rat thuyn Igi giup ngudi lao dgng cd the
tiep can de tham gia. Tuy nhien cho den nay theo so lieu long hop ihu lai BHXH tinh
Ben Tre th! so hnyng ngudi lao dyng (ham gia bao hicm x5 hpi tv nguycn cbn rat thap,
»
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chua dap img duoc nhu cau cua nganh BHXH noi cluing va BHXH tinh Ben Trc noi rieng.


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T?i huycn Ba Tri. lir khi tricn khai thirc hicn bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn nam 2007,
tinh den cuoi nam 20IX huycn Ba Tri cd 395 ngudi tham gia (Theo Mo eao long hvp ihu BHXH huycn Ba Tri), chii ycu nhung ngudi da cd thdi gian cong tic tham gia bao hiem xa
hoi bat buoc muon dong them de du dieu kien hudng che do Inm tri. So niy ebn qui (hap so
vdi tiem ning va ky vpng cua ngiinh chuc nang.

•
> ? ♦
r
Nguyen nhan lien quan den nhicu van de nhir trinh do hoc van. nhan thirc xa hoi. vice lam
bap benh, thu nhap thap. Tir do ngudi dan chua xem bao hiem xa hoi la mot nhu cau cap
thick
Mat khac. vdi chinh sach xa hoi mdi. khuyen khich tinh tu nguyen cua tat ca cic doi
tuvng tham gia bao hiem xa hpi trong khi chua quen vdi vi$c tich luy, tiet kiem. dir phong
cho tuong lai. Ngoai ra, cong lac chi dao. tuyen truycn van dong nhan dan tham gia Bao
hicm x2 hoi tv nguycn cua nganh cung la mpt ycu to quan trong.
••**
Chinh vi vay. vice tim hicn you to anh hirdng den y dinh tiep tuc tham gia Bao hicm x3 hoi
tv nguycn cua ngudi lao dpng can thiet va quan trong de lam co sd ban hilnh
*••
va thuc thi chinh sach. Do la ly do thuc hicn de tai "Cdc yen to (inh hirdng y (tinh tiep tuc
tham gia bao hiem xa hoi tu iiguyfn tai huyfn Ba Tri tinh Ben Tre”.
1.2 Tong quan cac nghien cuu co lien quan
Theo Lin (2006) nghien cuu xac dinh nhan id anh hudng den y dinh tham gia
*—9*
bao hicm xii hqi t\r nguycn tyi Trang Quoc la “nh$n thirc ve tinh an sinh x2 htham gia bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn” va "hicu biot ve bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn”.
Min-Sun Homg & Yung-Wang Chang (2007), chirng minh ring nhan to "thu nhap”
co anh hudng den y dinh (ham gia bao hicm xa hqi tu nguyyn.
Tai Viet Nam co c4c nghien cuu nhu:
Tran Quoc Toan & Le Truong Giang (2001). nghien ci'ru giai phap thirc hien bao
hicm xa hpi tv nguyen doi vdi lao dpng (huyc khu vyc nong, ngu va ticu thu cong f
nghicp trcn dia ban ca nude. Cong trinh cd y nghia khoa hoc va xa hoi rat Idn. phu hop vdi
xu the md rdng doi tuong tham gia bao hiem xa hoi, cy the tac gia xac dinh cac nhan to anh
htrdng den vice to chuc ihuc hien bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn nhu diic diem lao dong va tieu
thu san pham lain co sd cho cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach nghien ci'ru, xSy dyng co che.

I
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I

chi'nh sfich.
Dang Thi Ngoc Diem (2010), nghien ci'ru ve cac yeu to tac dong den viec tiep cyn
v& str dyng bao hicm y tc ly nguyyn cua ngudi dan nong ihon hien nay. Tdc gia
«
z z
f
r
khang dinh vai tro cua yeu to tarn ly cua ngudi dan tac dong den vice tiep can va tham gia
Bl IYT ty nguycn Neu ngudi dan dune ngiinh bao hiem xa hoi, co sd y te vh chinh
* » quycn dia phirong quan tarn cung cap day du
thong tin, nam rd cac che do quy dinh ve chi tra BHYT thi rat co the ho se tham gia mua
bao hiem nay tich cue him.
Luu Thj Thu Thuy (2011). tac gia kel luyn rang phan dong ngudi lao dyng mong
muon tham gia bao hicm xa hoi. bao hicm y tc tu nguycn nhung khong the tham gia vi dicu
kitjn i;)i chinh cua ho Kha nSng tham gia con phy thuyc v;)o nlucu
z z
r
r
*
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r
you to nhu: trinh do hoc van. tinh chat nghc nghicp. hinh thuc lam vice, hicu bict. thu nhap
va muc do on dinh ve thu nhap.
Nguycn Xuan Cudng el al (2014) nghien cuu mot so nhan to anh htrdng den su quan

tarn tham gia bao hiem xa hoi tu nguyen cua ngudi lao dong buon ban nho le tyi tinh Ngh?
An Kel qua nghien cuu chi ra rang cd 7 bicn tac dyng co y nghia
z
•
*
•
thong kc len su quan tarn tham gia bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn vdi lam quan trong lan lirot
la: Tuyen truycn ve bao hicm xa hyi ty nguycn, Y thuc sue khde, Kicn thuc ve bao hicm xa
hoi tu nguycn. Thai do, Ky vong gia dinh. Trach nhiem dao ly va Kicm soil hanh vi. Tir
day, tac gia de xuat cac ham y ung dung nhim gia t3ng sy quan tarn cua nhung ngudi buon
ban nho Ic Iren dja ban tinh Nghc An doi vdi bao hicm xa hyi tu nguyen.
Nguyen Tien Dung el al (2015). nghien ciru tien hanh xac dinh cac yeu to anh
huong den y djnh mua bao hicm Inru tri tv nguycn cua cu dan Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh. Bao
hicm him tri tu nguycn la san pham moi giup dam bao thu nhap cua ngiroi hiru tri va giam
ap Ivc ngan sach. Mo hinh nghien ciru dya tren ly thuyet hanh vi hoach djnh cua Ajzcn va
xct them hai yeu to tarn ly la tinh phong xa va mire do chap nhan rui ro tai chinh. Phuong
phap PLS-SEM dune dung de phan lich dir lieu khao sat tren dja ban Thanh Pho 116 Chi


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Minh vdi kich thirdc m6u 323. Ket qua nghien ciru da xac dinh cac yeu to tac dong den y
dinh mua bao hiem him tri tu nguyen. Prong do. thii dty nguycn, chuan chu quan. kiem soat hanh vi cam nhan. tinh phong xa co tac dong tich cue
va muc do chap nhan rui ro tai chinh tac dqng tieu eye den y dinh.
Hoang Thu thiiy & Bui Hoang Minh Thu (2018). nghien ciru cac nhan to anh huong
den y dinh tham gia bao hiem xa hoi tu nguyen tren dia ban tinh Phu Yen. Tac gia khang
djnh 5 bien: “ I lieu biel ve chinh siich bao hiem xa hqi ty nguycn, Thii dy voi vice diam
gia. Cam nhan rui ro. Thu tuc tham gia bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn. Triich nhiem dao ly ’ cd

yeu to anh huong den y djnh tham gia bao hicm xS hqi ty nguycn cua nong dan.
Qua nghien ciru tong quan ve cdc nghien ciru lien quan den de tai cho thay
tuc tham gia bao hiem xa hoi, cac nghien ciru nay giup luan van bo sung them ccr so ly
thuyet vii Um co sir xay dyng mo hinh nghien ciru MJl khac qua nghien ciru cho thay chua
cd nghien cim nao tai tinh Ben Trc. Day chinh la khoang trong cho de tai. Vi vyy de liii $5
nghien cim Clic yeu to anh huong den y dinh tiep tyc tham gia bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn
cua ngudi lao dong tai dia ban huycn Ba Tri tinh Ben Trc
1.3 Myc tieu nghien ciru
1.3.1 Muc tieu chung
Xac dinh cac yeu to anh huong den quyet dinh tiep tuc tham gia bao hiem xa hyi ty
nguyyn cua ngudi lao dqng tyi huy£n Ba Tri.
1.3.2 Muc tieu cu the
Xcua nguoi lao dong lai huycn Ba Tri.
Do luong tac dong cua c£c yeu to anh huong y dinh tiep tyc tham gia bao hiem xa
hyi tu nguycn cua nguoi lao dong tai huycn Ba Tri
Xac dinh muc do anh huong y dinh ticp tuc tham gia bao hiem xa hoi tu nguycn vi
de xuat kien nghj nham phat trien doi tuyng tham gia bao hiem xa hyi ty nguyyn tai huyen
Ba Tn.


V

1.4 Cau hoi nghien cuu
r#
r
Nhung you to nao tac dong va anh huong y dinh tham ticp tuc gia bao hiem xa hot
ty nguyyn cua nguoi lao dong tai huyen Ba Tri?
De tang so luyng doi tuyng tham gia Bao hiem xa hoi ty nguycn tai huyyn Ba Tn thi
can co nhung giai phap gi?

1.5

Doi tirong va pham vi nghien cuu
1.5.1 Doi tutrng nghien cuu
Doi tuyng nghien cuu: Bao hiem xa hyi ty nguyyn cua nguoi lao dyng tyi huycn Ba

Tri.
Doi tuyng khao sit: Nguoi lao dyng dang tham gia bao hiem xa hyi ty nguyyn tyi
huycn Ba Tri.
1.5.2 Pham vi nghien cuu
Khong gian: De tai duyc thyc hiyn Iren co so Ihu thyp cic thong tin thong qua phicu
khao sat nguoi lao dong tren dia ban huycn Ba Tri.
Thoi gian: Cic so liyu ihu cap thu thyp trong khoang thoi gian tu nSm 2015 den nam
2018 va nguon tai lieu so cap dicu tra nguoi lao dong duyc thuc hicn trong nSm 2019.
Noi dung: De tai la lap trung xac dinh cac nhan to anh hudng quyet dinh tham gia
bao hiem xii hpi ty nguypn cua ngirdi lao dpng iron dja bin huypn Ba Tri,
1.6 Phuong ph£p nghien cuu
Nghien cuu so bo dinh tfnh:
Su dung phuong phap thao luan tay doi va phuong phap thao luan nhom giup cho
vice xay dung cac bien tiem an (Latent Variable), bien quan sat (Observed Variable) lam co
so cho vigc hinh thanh bang cau hoi vi thiei ke mo hinh nghien
Nghien cuu dinh luong:
Dirge ticn hinh thong qua bang cau hoi khao sit chinh thurc. Kct qui khao sat sc
dupe ma hoa va xir ly dir lieu bang phan mem thong kc chuycn nganh (SPSS). Thang do
dirge danh gia so bg qua h

V
I

EFA. Ticp theo. kiem djnh sir phii hop cua mo hinh nghien cuu thong qua phan tfch hoi
tuyen tfnh, ANOVA.
1.7 Y nghia thuc tien cua nghien ctru
Kct qua khao sat va nghien cuu trong de tai nay. de NLD co y dinh ticp tuc
(ham gia BHXH ty nguygn thi can cd nhttng giai phip phii hyp, hitricn va nang cao vai tro cua cac ycu to anh hirong nhu da ncu tren cu the:
Doi vdi yeu to " Thai dp" can neu cao tmh than trich nhigm. minh vi moi ngudi. moi
ngudi vi minh vi muc dich chung la an sinh xa hoi.
can phat trien. nang cao chat luong cic hinh

Doi vdi nhiin to “truyen thong"

thuc truyen thong (kenh truyen thdng).
Doi vdi nhiin to “Anh huong xa hoi" can ho tro kinh tc de cai thicn thu nhap. on
djnh cugc song NLD (u dd hp cd co hpi dirge gia nh^p vao ludi ASXH.
Doi vdi cac nhan to “Nhan thuc vc tfnh ASXH cua BHXH tu nguycn", “Thai
dp*can nangcao nhiin thuc cua NLD thdng qua tingcudng cong tac tuyen truyen ve
BHXH ly nguycn
Doi ven nhan id “I lieu biet ve BHXH tu nguyen” ve (hi$n mat luat phap la hoan
chfnh stfch ph;ip lu£c ve chc d<> BHXIi ur nguyen.
1.8

Ket cau de tai nghien cuu
Chuang I: Tong quan ve nghien cuu
Chuang 2: Co sd ly thuycl va mo hinh nghien cuu
Chuang 3: Thict kc nghien cuu
Chuang 4: Ket qua nghien cuu va thao luyn
Chuang 5: Ket luan va ham £ quan tri

CHirONG 2
CO SO LY THUYET VA MO HINH NGHIEN CtfU
2.1

I.y thuyct ve an sinh xa hoi va bao hicm xa hoi tu nguycn
2.1.1 An sinh xa h$i
♦
2.1.1.1 Khai niem ve an sinh xa hoi
Theo quan mem cua To chuc Lao dong quoc tc (ILO): An sinh xa hoi (ASXH) la

hinh thuc bao vy ma xa hyi cung cap cho cac thanh vien cua minh thong qua myt so bien
phap dirge ap dung rang rai de duong dau voi nhung kho khan, cac cu soc ve kinh te v3 x3
hyi 13m mat ho$c suy giam nghiem tryng thu nhap do dm dau, thai san, tlnrcmg tat do lao
dong, mat sue iao dong hoac tir vong. cung cap cham soc y tc va try cap cho cac gia dinh
nan nhan cd tre em.
Hicp hoi An sinh quoc tc (ISSA) coi ASXH lii thanh to cua hy thong chi'nh sach
cong lien quan den su bao dam an toan cho tat ca cac thanh vien xa hoi cln'r khdng chi cd
cong nhan, Nhung van de m3 ISSA quan t3m nhieu trong hy thong ASXH la cham soc sue
khoc thong qua bao hicm y tc; he thong BHXH. cham soc tuoi gia; phdng chong tai nan lao
dyng, bynh nghc nghiyp; try giup x3 hyi.
0 Viet Nam: An sinh xa hoi la nhung can thiep cua Nha nude va xa hoi bang c3c
biyn phap kinh te de han che, phdng ngira v3 khfic phuc rui ro cho cac thanh vien
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trong cong dong do bi mat hoac giam thu nhap bdi cac nguycn nhan dm dau, thai san. tai
nan lao dong, that nghiep. thuong tat. tuoi gia va chet; dong thai, bao dam cham sdc y te v3

try cap cho cic gia dinh dong con.
Dua tren co sd nhung quan niem cua cac nghicn cuu tren. chung ta co the hicu
ASXH lii sv bao vy, try giup cua Nha nude va cyng dong ddi vdi nhfrng ngudi “You r
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the” trong xa hoi bang cac bien phap khac nhau nham ho try cho cac ddi tuyng khi ho bi suy
giam kha nSng lao dong, giam sut thu nhap ho3c lii bi rui ro. bat hanh, hoSc la trong tinh
trang nghco ddi. hofc la dm dau. thai san. lai nan lao dyng. bynh nghc nghiep. that nghiep,
mat sue lao dong, gia yeu... dong vien. khuyen khfch tu luc vuom len giai quyci van de cua


chfnh hy
2. /. 1.2 Ban chat cua An sinh xa hoi
Ban chat cua ASXH IA tao ra Itrdi an toan gom nhieu tang, nhieu lop cho tat ci cac
thanh vien trong tnrdng hop bi giam. bi mat thu nhap hay khi gap nhung rui ro xa hoi khac.
Chfnh sach ASXH la mot chfnh sach xa hoi co ban cua Nha nude nham ihyc hi?n cht'rc
nang phdng ngira. han che vi khac ph ye rui ro. bao dam an loan thu nhap va cuoc song cho
cac thanh vien trong xa hoi do do nd vira cd tfnh kinh le. vita cd tinh xa hyi va nhan vSn sau
sic, vi con ngudi. vi sy lien by vi edng bang xA h2.1.1.3 Vai trd ciia An sinh xa hoi
Kill danh gia ve vai lid cua ASXH. Ngan hing The gidi cho ring, mot hThong qua he thong ASXH. Nha nude tien hanh phan phoi lai thu nhap cho ngudi
ngheo vi nht'rng ngudi de bj ion ihuong. nhanh chdng tic dyng len ngheo ddi vi bal binh
dang xa hoi. Trcn co sd phan tfch vi tri cua ASXH trong he thong chfnh sach kinh tc - xi
hyi, chdng tdi cho ring ASXH cd nhihig vai trd co ban sau:
a. Doi vdi xa hoi
lie thong ASXH la mot trong nhihig cau phan quan trong trong cac chuong trinh xa
hoi cua mot quoc gia va la cong cy quan ly cua nha nude thong qua he ihong luat phap,

chinh sach va cac chuong trinh ASXH. Muc dich cua no la gift gin su on djnh ve xA hyi kinh le - chfnh trj cua dat nude, dye bi$l li on djnh xA hpi. giam bal binh dang, phan hoa
giau ngheo. phan tang xa hoi; tao non su dong ihuan giura cac giai tang, cic nhdm xA hyi
trong quA trinh ph.it tricn.
ASXH con la mol trong nhung tni cot co ban trong he thong chfnh sach xa hoi. Nd
hudng den bao dam muc song tdi thieu cho ngudi dan. bao v$ gid tri co ban vi la thudc do
trinh do phat tricn cua mQl nude Irong qui trinh phai tricn va hoi nhyp
ASXH la nen tang phat trien kinh le - xa hoi ctia dat nude. Thong qua viec ap dung
cac co che dicu tict. phan phoi lui thu nh$p giira cdc khu vyc kinh te. c$c vbng kinh tc va
cac nhom dan cu. ASXH co the dugc coi nhu la mot gia do dam bao thu nhap cho ngudi


dan.
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He thong chinh sach ASXI1 dugc thiet kc tren co so cac nguyen lac cong bang, doan
ket d cac muc do khac nhau con the hicn gia tri va dinh hudng phat trien cua mgl qudc gia.
Cach thirc thiet kc h? Ihong ASXH chinh la sy the hi$n mo hinh phat trien xa hoi. quan
diem lira chon dau tu cho con ngudi.
Hg thong ASXH gdp phan tilde day tang tnrdng kinh tc nhanh vd ben vOng
* -• thong qua vice "dicu hoa” cac "mau thuan xa hoi", dam bao xa hoi
khong co su loai tru. dieu tiet tot han va han che cdc nguyen nhan nay sinh mau thuan vii
bat on dinh xa hgi.
Nha nude thong qua chinh sach ASXH de can doi. dieu chinh nguon luc cho cdc
viing ngheo. viing chum phat trien. tuo nen sy phat trien hai hda. giam bdt sy chcnh lech
giira cac viing; ma rong chinh sach trg giup cac doi tugng bao trg xa hoi. h?n che bat binh
dang giita cac nhom dan cir.

Thong qua vice hoach dinh va thirc hicn chinh sach ASXH. cho phep cac Chinh phu
tien hanh l\ra chon myc tieu tdng truong hi?u qua v& ben vttng. Mgt h? thong ASXH lau
dai. day du cd the thirc hicn moi muc lieu lai phan phoi cua xa hgi. giai phong cac nguon
lire trong dan cu.
b. Doi vdi cac gia dinh
r •
•
*
Neu mot he thong ASXH dune thiet kc hicu qua co the tao dicu kicn cho cac gia
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dinh dau tu tot han cho tuong lai. Trong vai trd nay, h$ thong ASXH co ban la khac phuc
cac riii ro trong tuong lai. cho phep cac gia dinh tiep can den dugc cac co hoi de phat trien.
He thong ASXH con gop phan ho trg cho cac gia dinh quan ly dirge rui ro.
Thong qua cic clurong trinh ASXH. it nhal nd cung giiip cho c&c gia dinh duong dau
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dugc vdi nhung giai doan kho khan trong cuoc song.
ASXH edn 13 mot yeu to bao hiem, cho phep cac gia dinh dirge lira chon sinh

hoi vira nang cao kha nang ton tai doe lap cua ho trong cuoc song.
2.1.2

Bao hiem xa hoi tir nguycn


2.1.2.1 Khdi niem
Bao hiem xA hpi tv nguycn la loyi hinh BHXH ma NLD tv nguycn tham gia. lira
chon mure dong va phirong thirc dong (phu hgp vdi thu nhap cua ngudi tham gia) de hudng

bao hiem xa hpi. I.uat Bao hiem xa hpi Vi£t Nam (2006) quy dinh BIIXII tir nguycn bao
gom hai chc dp hiru tri va tir tual.
2.1.2.2 Doi tirong. phirmig thirc dong va mire dimg BHXH tir nguyen
Doi tupng tham gia: Ngudi tham gia BHXH tv nguycn 13 cong dan Vipt Nam tir du
15 tuoi trd len. khong thuoc doi tirgng tham gia BHXH bat buoc.
Phirong thirc dong: Ngudi tham gia BHXH tv nguycn dupe chpn dong hAng
5
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thang. 3 thang. 6 thang. 12 thang hoac mot Ian cho nhicu nam vc sau nhimg khong qua 5
n3m I Ian. Ngudi tham gia BHXH tv nguycn dupe thay doi phirong thirc dong hoac mire thu
nh?p thang lam can cur dong BIIXII tv nguycn sau khi thpc hicn xong phuang thuc dong da
chpn trudc do.
Mire dong hang thang bang 22% mire thu nh(ip thang do ngudi tham gia BHXH tu
nguycn lua chon
2.1.2.3

Quyen h/i khi tham gia

Nguai tham gia BHXH tu nguycn dupe hudng cac chc do nlnr: Luang him va Bao
hiem y te, dieu chinh luong huu. hudng tig cap I Ian khi nghi huu, trp cap BIIXII
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1 Ian. chc dp inai tang phi va trp cap tuat mol Ian
2.2

Ly thuyct vc hanh vi ngudi ticu dung

2.2/ Hanh vi ngirai lieu dung
2.2.1.1 Khdi niem hanh vi ngirai lieu dilng

I lanh vi ngudi tieu dung D mot loat c4c quyet dinh ve vi£c mua cdi gi, tai sao,
J
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khi nao, nai nao. bao nhieu. Ngudi ticu dung phai cd quyet djnh qua thdi gian vc vice chon
dung san pham. dich vu, y tudng hoSc cac hoat dong (Wayne & Deborah 2008).
Hanh vi mua sam cua ngudi ticu dung the hi£n trong vi£c tim kiem. mua. su dung,