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Luận văn bảo vệ quyền lợi người tiêu dùng trong giao dịch mua sắm trực tuyến theo hợp đồng giao kết từ xa
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LOI CAM DOAN
Tdi ten la Huynh Nhir, m3 so hoc vien la 08610209. 13 hoc viSn ldp Cao hoc Lu$t Kinh tc
Khoa 2018. Truong Dai hoc Kinh tc - Lu?t, Dai hoc Quoc gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. 13 tdc gia
cua Luan van thac si vcri de tai: "Bao vc quycn loi ngiroi tieu dung trong giao dich mua sam
true tuyen theo hop dong giao ket tir xa" (Sau day goi tat la “Luan van").
Tdi xin cam doan tat ca cdc ngi dung dirge trinh b3y trong luan v3n nay la ket qua cua qua
trinh nghicn cuu cua tdi duoi sir hirong dan cua giang vicn hudng dan khoa hgc - PGS . I S Nguyen
Ngpc Dicn. Trong luan v3n co trich dan nhieu dicu liqlt hi$n hanh; sir dyng mgt so y kicn, quan
dicm khoa hgc cua mgt so tac gia cung nhu tong hgp tn thuc tir nhung cong trinh nghien cuu da cong
bo. Cac thong tin nay deu dugc trich dan nguon cy the. chinh xac va c6 the kiem chirng C3c (hong
tin dugc sir dung trong Luan van la hoan loan khach quan va trung thuc.
TAC GIA
I)ANH MVC CAC CHtT VIET TAT
CHtJ VI£T TAT
CVM TU DUOC VlfeT TAT
BLDS
Bp lu$t dan s\r
HDGKTX
Hpp dong giao ket tir xa
Lu$l BVQLNTD
Lu$t Bao vp quyen Ipi nguoi lieu dung
NTD
Nguoi tieu dung
Nghi dinh so 99/2011/ND-CP
Nghi dinh sd 99/2010/ND-CP ngiy 27 thdng 10
r
nam 2011 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tict va hurong
dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua Luat Bao vc quyen Ipi
nguoi lieu dung.
Nghi dinh so 52/2013/ND-CP
Nghj dinh sd 52/2013/ND-CP ngay 16 thang 5 nam
2013 cua Chinh phu quy dinh vc thinmg mai dipn tir.
Nghj dinh so 98/2020/ND-CP ngay 26 thiing 8 nam
2020 cua Chinh phu quy djnh xir phat vi pham hanh
Nghi dinh so 98/2020/ND-CP
chinh trong boat dong thuong mai, san xuat, buon
ban hang gia. hang earn va bao vp quyen Ipi nguoi
tieu dung.
Thong tu so 59/2015/TT-BCT ngay 31 thang 12 nSm
Thong tir sd 59/2015/TT-BCT
2015 cua BQ Cong Thuong quy djnh ve quan ly hoat
dpng thuong mai dicn tir qua img dung tren thiet bi
di dong.
MVC LVC
PHAN MO DAU...................................................................................................................1
CHUONG 1: MOT SO LV LUAN CHUNG VE BAO VE QUYEN LQI NGUdl TIEU DUNG
TRONG GIAO DfCH MUA SAM TRtfC TUYEN THEO HOP DdNG GIAO KET TU XA 8
1.1.
Khai quat chung vc nguui tieu dung va van de bao vc nguui tieu dung trong
giao djeh mua sam trgc luycn.................................................................................................8
1.1.1. Khai niem ngudri lieu dung..............................................................................8
1.1.2. Van de bao vg nguui lieu diing......................................................................10
1.1.2.1. Sa luge vc phap luat bao vc nguui lieu dung tai Vigt Nam....................10
1.1.2.2. Nguyen tic bao vg quyen Igi nguixi tieu dung........................................11
1.1.2 3. Cac quyen cor ban cua ngudi lieu dung....................................................13
1.1.3. Khai nient, die diem vc giaodich mua sSm true tuycn...................................15
1.2.
Khai quat chung vc hgp dong giao ket tir xa..........................................................17
1.2.1. Khai niem hop dong giao ket tir xa................................................................17
1.2.2. Nhttng d$c tnrng cua hgp dong giao ket tir xa...............................................18
•*
1.2.2.1. Chti the tham gia giao ket hop dong.......................................................19
1.2.2.2. Doi lirgng, hinh thirc hup dong, phuung ticn giao ket hgp dong...........19
1.2.2.3....................................................................................................................
Trinh tu
giao ket hop dong................................................................................................................20
1.3.
Sir can thiet bao ve quyen Igi nguui tieu diing trong giao dich mua sam true
luyen lheo hgp dong giao k«3l tir xa....................................................................................25
1.4.
Mot so quy dinh cua Lien minh Chau Au ve hgp dong giao ket tir xa..................26
Ket luan Chuo'ng 1............................................................................................................32
CIIUONG 2: PHAP LUAT BAO VE QUYEN LQ1 NGUOl TlfiU I)t)NG TRONG GIAO
DICH MUA SAM TRyC TUYEN THEO HOP DONG GIAO KET TL XA TAI VIET NAM
..............................................................................................................................................33
2.1. Thue trang bao v? quyen Ini nguoi lieu dung irong giao dich mua sim true
12
, dap ung nhu cau mua sim hiyn dai. mdi me. thuan lien cua ngudi ticu dung. Thong qua
hinh thuc giao djeh mua s3m tryc tuycn nay. nguoi tieu dung cd the de dsmg tim hicu duyc c£c
thong tin vc san pham 1. hang hoa3 minh muon mua va tiep can td nhicu nguon cung cap thong tin da
dang nhu: tivi; website thuong mai dien tu bin hang4, mang xa hoi (Facebook. Zalo. Instagram. Tik
11 Theo Bach khoa loan thxr mo Wikipedia, Internet (thuong dirge doc then khau am Heng Vi$t la "in-tu-nct’) let mdt lx- thing
thdng tin to&n cdu cd the dugc tniy nhap edng cong gdm cAc mang may tinh dirge lien kct vdi nhau lie thong nav truycn
thong tin then kicu noi chuycn goi du ligu (packet switching) dv«i tren mg< giao thuc lidn mang da dugc chuan hda (giao thuc
IP). He thong nay bao gdm hang nghn mang mdy tfnh nho hon cua cac doanh nehiep. cua cac vicn nghicn cini va cac tnrdng
d
ft img dich vu nhdm muc dich kinh doanh hogc lieu dimg".
3 Khoan 1. Dien 3 Lual Chat lugng san pham. hang boa 2007 quy djnh "Hang hoa id san pham duoc dua vdo ihi tracing. lieu
dimg ihdng qua trao dot. mua ban. St^p ihi \
4 Khoan 1. Dini 25. Nghj djnh so 52'2013'ND-CP quy djnh: "Website thirang mai dien fir ban han ft la website ihutmg mat
Tok....) hoac mua sam t?i website cung cap djeh vu thuong mai dien tu 5 thong qua cac san giao dich
thuong mai dien tu nhu: Lazada.vn, Shopee.vn. Scndo.vn, Tiki.vn.... Khong the phu nh?n nhOrng
iru dicm ma hinh thuc giao dich mua sam true tuycn nay mang lai cho nguoi ticu dung hicn nay vdi
nhieu sp ti$n loi nhu: tiet ki?m thdi gian, giao dich nhanh chdng. de dang tiep can thong tin cung
nhu tham khiio cac y kicn danh gia san pham trudc khi mua,...Vdi nhicu uu dicm tren. mua s3m true
tuycn da trd thanh hinh thuc mua sim
••*»*
nil pho bicn Iren the gioi va trong vai nim tro lai day. hinh thuc mua sam nay o Vigt Nam da co su
phat irien vugt bac. the hien a chat lugng dich vu cung nhir phircmg thirc giao djch ngay cang dugc
cai thign horn.
•»•*
Hop dong giao ket tir xa la hop dong dac tnrng trong giao ket giua to chirc.
c£ nhan kinh doanh (ben ban) vdi ngudi lieu dung (ben mua) cho cdc giao dich mua sam tryc tuycn.
dirge thict lap tir xa thong qua phuong lien dicn tur ho$c dicn tho?i Thue te, hien nay. mua sAm true
tuycn theo hop dong giao ket tir xa van con tiem an nhicu rui ro. anh hudng den quycn Igi ngudi ticu
dung vdi hinh thirc ngay cang
phirc tap hon nlnr: mua sam hang gia. hang nhai; hang khong dung vdi quang cao ve
*
f
f
9
9
%
9
hinh anh, mftu sSc, cam ket chat lugng. xuat xir hang h6a; c£c van de lien quan den
qua mang van con phirc tap vdi nhieu ngudi lieu dimg; viec doi tra san pham, hiing
hoa khi bi loi. hang hoa khong dung nhir thong tin da cung cap. .. van con gay nhicu
1. Tinh hinh nghien ciru de tai
Nham bao ve quycn va lgi ich hgp phap ciia ngudi ticu dimg; tang cudng hiyu qua quan ly
dien fir do cac tluarng nhdn. id chia , cd nhdn fir thief lap de phue vu haul dong sue lien thiamg mgi, ban hang hoa hogc cung
ung djeh v(i ctia minh "
5 Khoan 2. Di&i 25. Nghj djnh sd 52'2013/ND CP quy djnh. Website cung cdp dich vu thuong mat dien nr id website thtrong
mqi dien tir do thtrong nhdn. td chicc thief iqp de cung cap moi tnrdng cho cac thuong nhdn. td chut, cd nhdn khde tien hdnh
hoot dong thuong mat. Website cung cap dich vu thuong mai diyn tir bao gdm cac logi san: San giao dich fhirtmg mqi dien
tu:...
Nha nude, nang cao trrich nhigm cua to chuc, cNam da ban hanh van ban phap luat dau ticn de dieu chinh van de bao v£ ngudi lieu dung la Phap
lenh Bao v£ ngudi tieu dung so 13/1999/PL-UBTVQH10 ngtly 27/04/1999 (Phap lenh). Tuy nhicn.
ncn kinh t6 thi trudng ngay cang hoi nhap va phat trien. cac quy dinh trong Phap lenh va cac van ban
lien quan da dan bgc lg nhirng diem bat cap va chua thgc sg hiyu qua. Do dd.
Luat Bao ve quyen lgi ngudi tieu dung nam 2010 (Luat so 59/2010/QH12) da dirge Qudc hgi khda
XII, ky hop thu 8. (hong qua ngay 17 (hang 11 n5m 2010 va chinh thuc cd hicu Iuc (hi hanh tir ngay
01 (hang 7 nam 2011. Ngay 27 (hang 10 nam 2011, Chinh phu dii ban hanh Nghi dinh so
99/2011/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiet v«k hirdng dan thi hanh mol so dicu cua Luat Bao vc quyen lgi
ngudi (icu dung va cd hicu Iuc (hi hanh ke (ir ngtty 15 (hang 12 nim 2011.
Nhi'rng nghicn cuu vc van de lien quan den bao vg quyen lgi ngudi (icu dung noi chung va
bao vc quyen lgi nguoi tieu dung trong giao dich mua sam true tuycn ndi rieng dii dugc trinh bily
dudi nhicu hinh (hire nhir cong trinh nghicn cuu khoa hoc. luan van thac si. bai vict hoac duoi dang
xuat ban sach. nhu: Vicn Khoa hoc phap ly - Bo Tu phap (2008), Nghicn cuu hoan thien ca die
phtip ly bao ve ngudi
yr
*
tieu dung trong nen kinh te thi trudng Viet Nam: Nguyen Thj Thu (2008). Hoan thien phap luat ve
ca che bao ve quyen lai ngudi tieu dung d Viet Nam hien nay, Lu$n van thfle si. Trudng Dgi hoc
Lu^t Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh; Duong Thiiy
•t
*
'
Dicm (2009). Phap luat ve bao ve quyen lai cua ngudi tieu dung - Thue trqng va mot so kien nghi
hoan thien phap luqt, l.u?n v3n th(tc si, Truong Dyi hQC Lu?t Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh; Do Thi
Huycn Thanh (2014). Phap luat bao ve quyen lai ngudi tieu dung trong giao dich thuang mqi dien
tu, Luan v3n thac si, Truong Dai hoc Kinh tc - Luat (DHQG-HCM); Pham Nggc Han (2018). Phap
luqt ve giao ket hap dong thuang mqi dien tu tai Viet Nam. Luan v3n thac si, Truong Dai hoc Kinh
(e - Lu?l (DHQG-HCM); Bui Thj Phuong Loan (2017), Phap luqt ve bao ve ngudi tieu dung trong
Itap dong giao ket tu xa, Luan van thac si, Truong Dai hoc Kinh tc Thiinh phd I Id Chi Minh,...
Nhin chung. nhung cong trinh nghicn cuu khoa hoc. bai vict hoc thuat tren la nhttng tai lieu
v6 cimg quan trong giup tac gia cd them thong tin huu ich phuc vu cho nghicn cuu luan van. Tuy
nhicn. nhirng nghicn cuu vc co the bao vg ngudi lieu dung trong tirng linh vuc cu the van chua
nhieu, dSc biet trong giao dich mua sam trgc (uyen lheo hgp dong giao ket tu xa dang vo ciing soi
ndi iron thj trudng thuong mai dien lu nhu hien nay. Thue trang xam pham quyen Igi ngudi lieu
dung van pho bien d nhicu cap do vii ngiy cang dien bien phirc typ. Co chc. bien phap bao quyen Igi
ngudi tieu dung chua du manh. kip thdi. lam cho dua tin cay cho ngudi tieu dung dau tranh bao vc
quyen Igi cua minh. Do do, tile gia hudng den nghign
ngudi tieu dung trong giao dich mua sim true tuycn theo hgp dong giao ket tir xa, de gdp phan hoAn
thi^n phap lu$t bao vc quyen Igi ngudi lieu dung tyi Viet Nam hien nay.
2. Muc dich, doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu ctia de tai
a) Ve muc dich nghien cuu:
Muc dich nghien cuu de tai nhy, Uc gia hudng den 03 myc tieu chfnh, cu the nhu sau:
Thu nhat: Nghien cuu cac van de, nhdng noi dung ly luan chung ve bao vc quyen Igi ngudi
tieu dung trong giao djeh mua sam tr\rc tuycn theo hgp dong giao ket tir xa;
Thu hai: Phan lich, danh gia ihyc iryng bao vc quyen Igi ngudi tieu diing » #
trong giao dich mua sam true tuycn theo hgp dong giao ket tir xa tai Viet Nam;
»
r
Thu ba: Gop phan de xuat, kien nghj mgt sd van de nhim hoan thi?n phdp lual bao vc quyen
Igi ngudi lieu dung lai Vici Nam hien nay. nang cao hicu qua bao ve quyen Igi ngudi tieu dung trong
giao dich mua sam true luyen theo hgp dong giao ket lit xa.
»
f
Muc dich nghien cuu de lai hudng den lam rd co so ly luan va thuc trang phap luyt dicu
chinh van de bao vc ngudi tieu dung, cy the la bao vc ngudi lieu dung tnrdc hanh vi vi pham theo
hgp dong giao ket tir xa trong giao djeh mua sam true luyen de tir do dua ra nln'mg bat cap cua cac
quy djnh hien hiinh. Ben canh do. luan van cung se so sank, doi chieu nhung quy djnh cua phap luat
Lien minh Chau Au cd lien quan nham rut ra hudng quy djnh mdi. phu hop cho Vi$t Nam.
De dat dupe muc dich nghicn ciru tren. luan van cd nhiem vu giai quyct nhttng van de sau;
z
*
*
<
- Nghicn ciru cac van de vc ngudi lieu dimg. vc hoal dong bao vp ngudi lieu dung trong
giao dich mua sdm true tuycn theo hop dong giao ket tir xa;
- Phan tick, dank gia thyc trying ap dung cdc quy djnk vc hank vi vi ph^m hop dong giao
ket itr xa; ihuc trang bao ve quyen Ini ngudi lieu dung trong giao dich mua sam tr\rc tuycn hiqn nay;
»*»%•
- Nghicn ciru. de ra mot so khuycn nghi nham hoan thicn co chc bao vc ngudi tieu dimg
trong giao dich mua sdm true tuyen theo hop dong giao ket tir xa. de cd the dam bao tinh kha thi va
tinh pho bicn nay tren thuc tc.
b)
Ve doi tuyng nghicn ci'ru:
Ddi luyng nghicn cuu cua de tai la cac quy djnh phap lu$t ve bao
VQ
quven lcri ngudi lieu
dung trong giao dich mua sam true tuyen theo hop dong giao ket tir xa. nhung quan diem vc bao
VQ
ngudi lieu dimg cua mdt sd nude tien lien tren the
ã
r
ô
ằ
gidi cd lien quan den giao djeh mua sam true tuyen. Dae bict. de tai hudng den ngudi tieu dimg Id
nhtfng ngudi true tiep mua vd su dung hdng hda thong qua cdc
r
•
•
*
kenh giao djeh mua sam tryc tuycn. eq the ca ben mua va ben ban dcu sir dung internet hodc dicn
thoai de trao ddi thdng tin. tien hank cac plnrong thuc giao dich.
c)
Ve pham vi nghien cuu:
Luan van tap trung nghien cuu nhung quy dinh phap luat hicn hanh lien quan den Lu§t Bao
VQ
quyen IQI ngudi tieu dung, BQ luqt dan syr,... vd mot sd vdn ban lien quan den bao vc quyen loi
ngudi tieu dung trong cac giao djeh mua sam true tuyen thdng qua hop dong giao ket tir xa, ddc biet
Id hop dong giao ket tir xa bdng phuong lien dicn tir - dac (rung trong giao djeh mua sain tryc tuycn.
De tai khong lap (rung nghien cuu sau den cac loai hap dong thuang mai dien tu. Dong then, nghien
ciru thuc tryng xam phym vi mire do bao v$ ngudi lieu dilng trong thyc lien tai Viet Nani va cac quy
dinh co lien quan thco phap luat Lien minh Chau Au nham de xuat djnh hudng hoin thiy-n.
3.
I’ll trong phap nghien ciru
Vice nghien ciru de tai khong the tach rdi khoi nguyen ly chu nghia duy vat bi?n chirng va
chu nghia duy v$t Ijch sir cua Tricl hoc Mac-Lc Nin. cy (he lu$n van str dung cac phuang phap
nghien cuu nhu sau:
- Phuang phap so sinh. doi chieu cac quy djnh phap lu^t thong qua cic vy
*
r
vice trong thuc tc cuoc song tai Viet Nam; giua cac quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam vdi phap luat
cua mpt so nude tren the gidi ve quy dinh bao v$ quyen Igi Ni l)
••»
va cac khai niem co lien quan den bao v? NTD trong giao dich mua sam true tuyen; tir do giai quyet
cac van de nhu tinh thong nhat trong cac quy dinh phap luat hien
hanh. tinh phu hyp cua phap lu$t nude (a vdi phap lu^t Lien minh Chau Au;
A
- Phuang phap phan tich luat vict. luan van sc lam rd cac quy dinh cua phap luflt vi phan
tfch cic tai IIQU tham khao dupe edng bo chinh thuc trong nude vi nude ngoai;
- Phuang phap tong hap cac quy dinh cua phap luat va thuc trang ip dung de
•
r
r
<
F
de xuat. kicn nghj nham hoan thi?n co chc bao vy ngirdi lieu dung trong giao djeh mua sim true
tuyen then hap dong giao ket tir xa.
Ben cynh dd. tic gii cung titn hieu, suu tarn, thong ke cic sd li?u thyc te vi dinh gia, phan tich
nhirng so lieu lien quan nham co cai nhin khach quan ve thuc tr^ng edng tic giai quyet khieu n?i, td
cio cua ngirdi tieu dung trong giao djeh mua sam true tuyen.
4.
#
XX
Y nghia khoa hoc V& tliye tien ctia de tai
- Ve ly luan: Lu$n vSn st- di vao phan tick va danh gia cac quy djnh phiip luat lien quan den
de tai thco quy djnh cua phap luat Viet Nam; hoc hoi kinh nghiem phdp luat cua Lien minh Chau
Au; phan tfch vk tlm hieu nhOng van de thieu
pham quycn loi nguoi tieu dung trong giao djeh mua sdm true tuycn. Ket qua cua
thicn khung phap ly. cor chc bao ve quycn loi nguoi tieu dung noi chung va nguoi lieu dung noi
rieng trong giao djeh mua sam tryc tuyen.
- Ve thuc tien: Tren co so phan tfch thuc trang vi pham quycn loi nguoi tieu diing vii vice
ap dung phdp luat lien quan den quycn loi cua nguoi tieu dung d Viet
trade yeu cau thuc tien. Ket qua nghien cuu sfi la tai lieu huu ich doi vdi hoc vien. sinh vien chuyen
nganh luat. lu^it kinh tc.
5.
Bo eye de tai
I.uan vSn duyc chia thanh 03 phan: phan md dau, phan noi dung, phan ket luan. Trong do.
phan noi dung bao gom 02 chuong;
Chuong 1: Mot so ly luan chung ve bao ve quycn loi nguoi tieu diing trong / • • *
giao djeh mua sam true luyen lheo hop dong giao ket lir xa.
Chuong 2: Phap luat bao ve quycn loi nguoi tieu diing trong giao dich mua sam tryc luyen
theo hyp dong giao ket lir xa tyi Vi$t Nam.
CHUONG I: MQT SO LV LUAN CHUNG Vfc BAO VE QUYEN I.Q'I
NGLOI TIEU DUNG TRONG GIAO D|CH MUA SAM TRV’C TUYEN
THEO HOP DONG GIAO KET TU XA
1.1.
Khai quat chung ve nguoi lieu dung va van de bao vfi ngirdi tieu dung
trong giao dich mua sam true tuyen
Trong nen kinh te thi trudng. ngirdi lieu dung (NTD) luon la mot lure lugng dong
dao, quan trong, la dong lye gdp phan phat trifin cua qu
da cd tac dong vd cling to Idn doi vdi qu;i trinh dan dat. van hanh cua thi tnrdng. dac bifit la
trong giao dich mua sam true tuyen hifin nay
1.1.1.
Khai nifim ngudi tieu dung
Trong khoa hpc phap ly, "ngudi tieu dung "la chu the cua quan hfi phap liqit
*•
khi lihh vyc phap lufit bao vfi quyen loi NTD ra ddi Con trong kinh tc hpc. thufit ngfl "ngudi
tieu dung"dirge sir dung de chi nhfrng chu the tieu thu cua cai dirge tao ra bin nen kinh tc 7
Tai Vifit Nam, khai nifim ‘ nginh tieu dung"lan diiu lien dirge ghi nhan chinh thuc tai Dieu
1. Phap lfinh Bao vfi quyen Igi ngirdi tieu dung nam 1999. Theo dd, "Ngudi tieu dung Id
ngirdi mua, sir dung hang hod, djeh vij cho muc
•67
dich tieu dung sinh hoat cua cd nhan. gia dinh vd to chuc”. Cho den nam 2010. khi Luat
BVQLNTD dirge ban hdnh, thay the cho Phdp lfinh ndi tren thi khdi nifim niiy Udupe ghi nhan lai Khoan 1. Dieu 3 cua Luat nay va npi dung khong cd su thay ddi. Nhu vay,
thco quy dinh cua Luat BVQLNTD nam 2010 thi NTD bao gom cac ddi tupng khong chi la
ca nhan lieu dung rieng le ma edit Id cdc to chuc (nhu doanh nghifip. co quan quan ly nha
nude, hifip hoi nganh nghc. to chuc xa hoi. doan the...) tifin hanh mua, su dyng hang hda,
67 Gido trinh Luat bao ve quyen Itri ngudi tieu dung, Dai hoe Luat Hit N6i (2014). Nhi xuai ban CSng an nhan dan,
Ila NQI (tr 7)
7 Cue quan 1^ canh tranh - B6 Cdng thirong (2016). Tai lieu Hoi dap vr phap iuqi ve bao vt quyen lai Kgia'/i tieu
dung, Nha xuat han Hong Dire, Ila NQJ (tr 11).
M
Chi thj 2011/83 / EU cua Nghi viyti ChSu Au vi cua Hdi ding ngiy 25 thing 10 n&m 2011 vi quyen cua ngveri lieu
dung
Phap lenh do ludng ngiy 06/7/1990. Pltip lenh xir Iv vi ph?m hanh chinh lulm 1995. Nghj dinh sd I40 IIBT ngay
25'‘04'l99l quy djnh vc kicm tra, xv Iv vi$c san xuat. budn himg gia, Bp luat dan su nam 1995. Lu$t Thircmg inai
ngty 10/5/1997. Nghi dinh 57/CP ngay 31/5/1997 cua Chfah phu quy dinh vi vi$c xtrpfat vi ph^m hanh chinh trong
linh vyc do ludng va chat luyng hang hoa....
djeh vy cho myc dich lieu dung, sinh hoat cua ca nhan. gia dinh hoac to chuc do*.
Theo quan mem cua Lien minh Chau Au (EU) ve khai niem “ngirt'ri tieu dung"thi
tai Chi thj so 2011/83/EC9 ngiy 25 lining 20 niim 2011 cd quy dinh:
liap dong duac dieu chinh bdi Chi thi nay..., vi nine dich ngodi ihtnmg mgi, khdng
r
*
lien quan den hoat dqng kinh doanh. thd cdng hoqc nghe nghtep cua minli”. Quan diem nay
cua Lien minh Chau Au tuong doi dong nhat vdi quan diem cua nhicu
qudc gia Iren the gidi, trong do co Due. Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc.... Ben canh dd.
tu nhien nltdn ndo tham gia giao dich khdng lltupc phym vi hoyt d(mg kinh doanh,
dung cua Nhat Ban nSm 2000 dinh nghla: "Nguai tieu dung theo quy dinh cua ludt nay Id cd
nhan nhung khdng bao gom fruang hap cd nltdn tham gia quan /»f hap dong vdi mac dich
kinh doanh ".
tu myc dich cua vi$c bao VQ NTD vdi tu each la ben ycu the trong quan h? vdi ben
*
•
r
cung irng hang hoa. dich vu do sq mat can xung ve kha nang tiep can thong tin cung nhu
dieu kien kinh te cua mot cd nhan so vdi mot to chuc hoat dong kinh doanh chuycn nghiep.
Tren the gidi. hau het cac quoc gia thirdng nhan dien NTD dira tren vice dinh gid 03
tieu chi, do la: (i) NTD la ca nhan (nhung cung cd the gom ca to chuc); (ii) Doi tuong cua
giao dich la hang hoa, dich vu; (iii) Vice tham gia vao quan he khdng nham myc dich kinh
doanh. Xet tren tieu chi nay, NTD la ngtrdi mua hdng hoa. dich vu nham muc dich phuc vu
sinh hoat cho ca nhan. ho gia dinh chu khdng su dung hang hda, dich vu vdo muc dich cung
cap lai de uni kiem loi nhuan. Quan h? tieu dung dugc xac lap dua tren co sd hop dong mua
ban, cung ung djeh vy hoyc tren ccr sd sir dung hang hoa. dich vu. Nhir vay. quan mem cua
phap luat Viet Nam vc NTD kha dong nhat vdi quan nifrn hign nay ciia cac nude tren the
gidi.
1.1.2. Van de bao ve ngtrrri tieu dung
1.1.2.1. Sir liroc vc phap luat ban vy ngudi tieu dung tai Viet Nam
Ke lir khi chuyen ddi lir nen kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung sang kinh te thi trirong.
kinh te - xa hgi cua Viet Nam dti dsM dirge nhicu thanh tiru dang ghi nh^n. vai tro cua NTD
ngay cang dirge nang cao. Qua do, cong tac bao vc quycn Igi NTD da dirge xac djnh va quy
djnh bdi phap luat.
0 Viet Nam. giai doan tnrdc nam 1986 hau nhir chira co mot van ban phap ly nao
lien quan den van de bao vy quycn Igi NTD. Sau nSm 1986, cac quy djnh vc
%*
bao vc quycn Igi NTD d thdi ky nay nam rai rac trong nhicu van ban phap luat khac nhau 10.
Va cung trong giai doan nily, Ian dau ticn trong lich sir lap hicn nunc ta. Hicn phap Viyt
Nam nam 1992 quy djnh van de bao vy NTD tgi Dicu 28. Hicn phap 1992 quy dinh: “Nha
nude cd chinh such bao ve quyen hri cua iigirai san xudt \d
* quyen lai cua nguoi tieu dung".
Phap lenh Bao vc ngirai lieu dung nam 1999 chinh la birdc di dau ticn trong vice
bao vy quycn Igi NTD d mrdc ta. Sg ra ddi cua Phap lynh mly mang l?i y nghia het sue
quan trong. bdi lc. nd la van ban phap ly mang tinh tong hgp dau ticn. quy dinh day du
quyen, trdch nhiem cua NTD; trach nhiem cua cac nganh. cac cap chinh quycn; trach nhiem
cua cac doanh nghiyp. cfic to chirc xa hoi ddi vdi quycn Igi NTD. Trong bdi canh nen kinh
te thi tnrdng va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te ngay cang s3u rgng, Phap lenh bao vy quycn Igi
NTD da clnra the r^o ra hAnh lang phap ly day
*
r
du trong vice bao vc quycn Igi cua NTD. Chinh vi vay. ngay 17/11/2010. Quoc hoi Viet
Nam da thong qua l.u^t Bao vy quycn Igi ngudi lieu dung so 59/20I0/QI112; bo sung nhicu
quy dinh quan trong nhir bao vy thong tin NTD. trach nhiem bdi thudng thiet hai do hang
hoa cd khuyet tat gay ra. hop dong giao ket voi NTD. dieu ki$n giao djch cluing... So vdi
cac nude trong khu vgc, Viyt Nam la moi trong
ãôã**<
nhung quoc gia dau ticn ban hanh van ban phap luat de dicu chinh van de bao vc NTD vdi
Phdp lenh Bao vy ngudi tieu dung dune ban hanh ndm 1999 va Luat BVQLNTD dune ban
hanh nam 2010.
Luat BVQLNTD dugc Quoc hoi khoa 12 thong qua tai ky hop thu 8, ngay 17 thang
11 nam 2010 va cd hi?u Igc thi hanh lir ngay 01 lhang 7 nam 2011. Syr ra ddi cua Luat
BVQLNTD khong chi danh dau mot giai doan phat tricn mdi ma con cd y nghta quan trgng
trong viyc xay dung ncn tang ho?t dong vh tao dong l\rc thuc day thuc dii hicu qua cong tac
bao vc quycn Igi NTD tai Viet Nam.
1.1.2.2. Nguyen tac bao vg quyen Igi ngirui tieu dung
Nguyen lac bao vy quyen Igi NTD la tu tirdng chi dyo xuycn sudt trong cdc hoat
dong bao vc NTD Theo quy dinh cua Luat BVQLNTD nam 2010. vice bao vc quyen Igi
NTD dirge thgc hign theo cdc nguyen tie sau:
•
t
•
Thu nhat. nguyen tac "Bao vf quyen lai ngtcai tieu dung la frdch nhiem chung i lia
Nha marc cd todn xd hoi". Trong moi quan he giOa NTD va to chuc. cd nhan kinh doanh
hang hoa. djch vy thi NTD thong thudng sc d the ycu hem. thieu thong tin. it chuyen nghiep
hem. nen can thiet phai cd su can thiep nhat dinh cua Nha nude viio quan hy ndy de dam
bao quycn va Igi ich hgp phdp cua NTD (ben
*•\»
ycu the). Mot xa hoi cong bang, van minh thi moi ngudi can phai dune binh dang, die biyt Id
nhttng ngudi yeu the nhu NTD can dugc bao ve quyen Igi, dugc ghi nhan trong Luat
BVQLNTD va dirge thi hanh trong thuc tc. De lam dugc dicu nay. khong chi mot ca nhan
hay mot to chuc thuc hicn. mil can cd su phoi hop cua Nha nude va loan xa hyi. Day la
nguyen tac co ban dugc ghi nhan tyi Khoan 1. Dicu 4. Luat BVQLNTD nam 2010. nham
khang dinh trach nhiem bao ve NTD la irach nhiym khong cua rieng ai. Vdi (hgc (rang x3m
pham quycn Igi NTD ngay edng linh vi nhu hicn nay. nguyen tac nay cang co y nghia quan
trong. kcu goi moi thanh phan trong xa hoi phai y thurc dune trach nhiem cua minh doi ven
hoat dong bao ve quyen lyi NTD
r
*
Thu hai. nguycn tac "Quyen Im cua ngirdi tieu dung duac ton trong va bao vy then
quy dinh cua plidp luatDay la nguyen tic dune ghi nhan tai Khoan 2, Dicu 4. Lu?t
BVQLNTD nam 2010. thco do. quyen la nhung gi phap lu?t quy dinh cho NTD dune hudng
va thyc hicn, khong ai dune tunc doat hay xam pham nhitng quyen va lyi ich hyp phap do 11.
bat eu hanh vi xam pham, gay thi^t hyi eho NTD deu phai chiu trach nhiem trunc phap luat
nham dam bao cong bang xa hoi. Tuy nhicn, vdi sy phiit tricn cua x5 hqi hicn nay citng vdi
thyc ttyng xam pham quyen
****
Ini NTD van con dicn ra thi tren thuc tc cac quyen nay cua NTD van chua dune bao ve trit de.
Thu ba. nguycn lac "Bao vy quyen Im cua ngudi tieu dung phai hien kip
thdi. cling hang, minh bach, dung phap luat". Nguyen tic nay dune ghi nhyn tyi
Khoan 3. Dicu 4, Lu$t BVQLNTD nam 2010. Khi co hiinh vi xam phym
quyen led NTD. co quan Nha nunc, to chirc co tham quyen phai kip thdi co phuong an xir
1£ nhanh chdng, hi$u qua nhSm cham dirt hanh vi xam pham. han che toi da
•*
thict hai cho NTD. Khi ticn hanh hoat dpng bao vc quyen loi NTD. cac cong tac thuc hicn
phai dam bao cong bing. minh bach va tuan thco quy dinh cua phdp luat nhu: vc trinh ty thi)
lye. xac dinh hanh vi vi phym. bi<-n phap che tai doi vdi hanh vi vi pham nham tranh hicn
tuomg ap dung phiip luat mot each tuy ticn, khong cong bang, gay bat lnguycn lac tren duyc thyc thi myl each co hi^u qua. thi trach nhiem cua co quan Nha nude,
to chirc co tham quyen bao vc NTD la rat quan try ng. Vi chi c6 nhurng chu the cd tham
quyen moi duyc yeu cau to chirc, ca nhan kinh doanh cham dirt hanh vi de giai quyet vu
viec.
Thu tu, nguyen tic H
" oat dong bao v? quyen lai ngtrdi lieu dung khong dupe xam
pham den lai ich cua Nha nude, quyen. lai ich hpp phap cua to chirc. cd
nhan kinh doanh hang hda, dich vu vd to
chuc, cd nhan khac"* . Moi ca nhan. to chuc khi thyc hiyn bat ky ho?l dong nham bao v$
quycn Igi NTD niio (hi phai man thco nguycn tac chung la khong dirge xam phani den Igi
ich cua Nha nude; quycn. Igi ich hop phip cua to chuc, cd nhan kinh doanh hang hda, dich
vy va to chuc, cd
• * • nhan khac. Nguyen tac nay nham nang cao trach nhicin cua don
Dicu 8. Ludl Bao v? quyen loi ngudi tieu dung num 2010.
2
vj san xuat. kinh doanh doi vdi NTD nhung van dam bao quycn vh Igi ich chinh dang cua
cac chu the nay.
1,1.2.3.
Cac quycn eg han cua ngudi tieu dung
Nhin chung, quycn Igi cua N i l) d cdc quoc gia dcu co su tuong tu nhau va
*
r *
z ___
r z
hau het dcu dua thco quy djnh cua Lien Hgp Quoc. Thco Nghi quyct so 39/248 ngay 09
thang 04 nam 1985 cua Dai hoi dong Lien Hgp Quoc thong qua "Bd/t hudmg dan bao v?
Ngudi tieu dung", thco do. NTD cd 08 quycn co ban nhu sau: (1)
ô*ãã
Quycn dugc thoa man cac nhu cau co ban; (2) Quycn dirge an toan; (3) Quycn dirge lya
chon; (4) Quyen dirge thong tin; (5) Quyen dirge giao dye tieu dung; (6) Quyen dugc giai
quyct va boi thudng thicl hai; (7) Quycn dugc dai dicn; (8) Quycn dirge Inning mot moi
tnrdng linh manh. Theo quy dinh cua Lien Hgp Quoc thi N i l)
z
%
dugc dam bao tat ca cac quycn Igi co ban Iren mot each chinh dang.
Can cir vao 08 quyen cor ban cua NTD theo quy dinh cua Lien Hgp Quoc va tren co
sd linh hinh kinh le - x5 hgi cua nude (a. quyen Igi cua NTD Vi$t Nam di dugc the chc hda
tai Dicu 8, Luat BVQLNTD nam 2010 hicn hanh. bao gom 08 nhdm quyen co ban. 'Prong
08 nhdm quyen co ban cua N i l) Viet Nam, lie gia xin dugc luge bo vice di vao phan lich
chi ticl ma chi de cap sau him den nhung quycn Igi ma NTD thudng bi xam pham trong giao
dich mua sim true tuycn theo hgp
•
z
dong giao ket tir xa. do la:
Thu nhat, “Dirac bao dam an loan linh mang, sue khoe, tai san. quyen, ltd ich hap
phdp khde khi tham gia giao dich, str dung hang hda, dich vy do to chuc, cd
8
nhdn kinh
doanh hang hoa. dich vu cung cap Quyen dirge an loan nay cua NTD da dirge quy djnh tyi
Luyt BVQLNTD nSm 2010. day la sg cam ket cua cAc to chuc, ca nhiin kinh doanh hang
hoa. dich vu vai NTD khi giao dich hoac su dung hang hda. dich vg dung nlnr thda thuan,
Inrdng dan sir dung. Quyen dirge an toan khdng chi lien quan den nhirng san phiini. hang
hoa ma con lien quan den cac dich vg va qua trinh san xuat. Quyen dirge an toan cua NTD
dirge quy dinh nham bao vc NTD trudc nhi'rng hanh vi cung cap hang hda. djeh vg khdng
an loan, gay nguy hiem den tinh mang. sire khoe. tai san va cac quyen lgi hgp phap khac cua
8 Khoan 4. Dicu 4. Lua< Bao vy quycn l
NTD. Tuy nhien. de quyen an toan dirge thgc hign higu qua. Nha nude can edng bo nhdrng
tieu chuan
r
*
•
*
*
bat buoc ap dung vc an loan va nhirng tieu chuan bat buoc ap dung vc thong tin cho nhOrng
san pham cd kha nSng gay nguy hiem cho sue khoe vil tfnh mang cua NTD 1'1; ben cynh
vige chii dgng nang cao nhiin thirc vc quyen lgi cua NTD. ihi co quan Nha nude, cac nganh
chuc nang, cac dia phuong can tang cudng cac giai phap nham xay dgng moi tnrdng giao ket
lanh mynh, phir hgp trong bdi canh hgi nhyp quoc te ngiiy cang sfiu rang.
Thu hai, "Dirac cung cap thong tin chinh xdc, day du ve to chuc, cd nhdn kinh doanh
hang hoa. dich vu: not dung giao dich hang hoa. dich vu: ngudn goc. xudt xtc hang hoa;
duac cung cap hoa dan. chung lie, tai lieu lien ipian den giao
••*
dich va thong tin can thief khac ve hang hoa. dich vy ind nguai tieu dung dd mua. str
dung"1*. Quyen dugc thong tin cua NTD la mot quyen mang tinh chat tu nhien. thict ycu cua
NTD trong non kinh te thj tnrdng. dye bigl la trong giao djeh mua sarn
r
*
ã
ằ
ô
true tuycn dang rat pho bicn hicn nay. Quyen dugc thong tin cua NTD dugc tao bdi cAc
quyen cau thanh sau: quyen dirge tiep nhan thong tin; quyen tim kiem thong tin; quyen pho
bicn. chia sc thong tin16. De quyen dugc cung cap thong tin higu qua. Nha nude can tang
cudng edng lAc tuyen truyen ve quyen dugc cung cap thdng tin
9 10 11 12 13 14
cua NTD, tang
cuong cong tac tur van. ho trg NTD trong viec nam bat thong tin; phat huy viyc irng dyng
cong nghy thong tin trong cong tSc tuyen truycn. pho bicn phap luat bao ve quyen loi
NTD....
Thir ba. "Yen can bdi ihirdmg thitfi hai khi hang hda, dich vu khong dung lien chudn,
quy chudn ky thuqt, chat lirpng, so hrpng. tinh nang. cong diing, gid cd hoqc noi dung khdc
ma to chirc, cd nhdn kinh doanh hang hda, dich vu dd cong bd. niem yet, qudng cdo hope
cam ket”{ ' va "Khieu tyti, to cdo. khcfi ki^n ho(ic de nghj to chirc xd hoi khai kien de bao ve
9” KhoAn 1. D&i 8, LuSt Bao v4 quyin loi ngudi (iSu dung sidm 2010
10 Nguyen Bao Ngoc (2016), "Bao re nguxri lieu dung dni v
13 Tr3n Qu
quyen lai cua minh theo qnv dinh cua Luat nity va cac qny dinh khdc cua phdp luqt cd lien
quan "IK. Trong trirdng hgp, NTD bj xam
•**•
hai den quyen Igi cua minh. thi NTD co quyen you cau to chirc. ca nhan kinh doanh himg
hda, dich vu bdi thudng thi£t hai khi hang hda. dich vu khong dung theo nhurng cong bd.
quang cao trade dd. Do dd. su day manh cong tac tuyen truycn. pho bicn cac quy dinh phdp
luat la tien de quan trong trong vice nang cao sir hicu bict va nang cao kha nang tur bao vc
minh cua NTD.
1.1.3.
Khai niem. die dicm vc giao dich mua sim true tuyen
De hicu ro khai niem "gMro J/c/i mua sdm true tuyen ", chung ta sfi tim hicu
*
r
»
»
cac khai nigm lien quan gdm: "giao dich "va "mr«r sdm tr\rc tuyen ”. Thir nhal, khai niem
"giao dich"dirge dan chieu khai mem tir Dieu 116. BLDS nam 2015 thi: G
" iao dich dan sir Id
lu/p dong hope hanh vi phdp ly don phianig lam phdl sinh.
•
•
»
r
r
thay dot hoac cham diet quyen. nghia vu dan sty". Thir hai, “mua sdm trice tuyen ” la mot
dang boat dong thuang mai dien tu19, cho phep NTD true tiep mua hang hda.
djeh vy tir ngudi ban thong qua internet va cac phirang ti?n di£n lu khac. Hi<*n nay.
NTD co the mua $5m true tuyen bang nhicu loai may tinh va thiet bi khac nhau, bao gdm:
may tinh de ban, may tinh xach lay, di?n thoai thong minh.... 15 16
Do do, giao dich mua sam true luyen la hanh vi mua. ban hang hoa. dich vu thong
qua internet va cac phuong lien dien tu kh;k. Vi dy: NTD mua sSm tryc tuycn tren website
cua don vi kinh doanh dien thoai bang each thuc hien cac giao djeh theo hurdng dan thdng
qua thiet bi mdy tinh ket noi internet, khi do, NTD se cd the lim kiem san pham, dyl hang va
chon hinh thuc nhan hang, phtrong thuc thanh loan vc san pham dien thoai ma minh muon
mua.
Mua sam tryc luyen v$ mua sfim truyen thong deu D hinh thuc cho phep NTD (ben
15p Kboan 6. Died 8. Lu^t Bao v£ quyen len ngvoi lieu dung nam 2010.
11
Khoan 7. Di^u 8. Luat Bao ve quyin loi ngudi (i£u dung nAm 2010.
16 Khoan 1. Dieu 3, Nghj dinh 52’2013’ND-CP quy dinh: “Hoqt dong thwng mqi difn nr id vice tien hanh mot
phdrt hoac titan bo quy trinh cua haql dong ihut/ng mat bang phinfng Hen dien lu cd kel not vdi mqng Internet,
/nang vien thong di dong hofic cdc mqng mrr khdc
mua) co the mua hang tir to chuc. ca nhan kinh doanh hang hoa. dich vu (ben ban). Tuy
nhien, gitta hai hinh thuc n&y cd nhieu diem kh;ic nhau. nhu: Mua
/ « * * * » sam truyen thong sc ticu ton nhieu then gian cua NTD hon so vdi mua sam true
luyen, bdi vi. trong mua s3m truyen thong, NTD phai ton nhieu thdi gian trong viec xem
xct. lira chon san pham. hang hoa muon mua hay chi don gian la de xem va so sanh gia.
Trong khi do, doi vdi mua sam true tuyen thi NTD sS de dang tim kiem san pham thong qua
phuong lien dien Hr. lya chyn, cyp nh$t nhanh nhung uu dai hap dan va xac nhan mua hang
hoa do clu vdi nhung thao tac nhanh chong. Ben cynh dd, thi viec mua s5m tryc tuycn sC
khdng Um ton thdi gian di chuycn cua NTD z
•
»
*
•
/
•
den dia dicm ban de mua sam. NTD co the mua sam lien lye. khong gidi han vc thdi gian vi
khong gian. NTD co the mua sim vio bat ky thdi gian nao hay dang d dau,
•
•
z
chi can sir dung phuong tiyn dien tir de xac lap giao Ijch mua sam true tuycn. MQI dieu
khac biet giua hai hinh thuc nay, do la tinh riii ro: Doi vdi mua sam truyen thong, NTD cd
the nhin tyn mat, chym tryc liep vao san pham. nhyn duyc sy tu van tir ben ban. tham chi co
the dung thir. xem xct san pham trudc khi mua. trong khi dd. dieu niy la khdng the khi NTD
mua sim tryc tuycn. Do do. tinh riii ro trong
r
»
•
»z
»
r
mua sam true tuycn co the kc den vc su thanh loan, quiing cao gian doi... Tuy nhien. trong
trudng hop NTD thanh toan qua vi dien tu hoic the ngan hang trudc khi nhan hang da ngay
cang pho bion nhu hien nay thi tinh nii ro ciing sc cao him. That vyy. ca hai hinh thuc mua
sam truyen thong va mua sam true tuyen deu co nhung mat thuyn lyi ciing nhu hyn che doi
vdi NTD, tuy nhien khong the phii nhyn sy quan lam va lua chon hinh (hue mua sam true
tuyen ngay cang tang cao cua NTD hien nay.
1.2. Khai quat chung ve hop dong giao ket tir xa
Trong lion mol lhap ky gan day, sir phat men cua cong nghe thong tin. nhat la myng
internet loan c3u d3 dem lyi cho chung ta phircmg ihirc giao djeh moi nhu phuong thuc giao
dich thong qua mang internet hoac thong qua dicn thoai. vdi nhOrng uu diem nhu: chi phi
re, toe do nhanh, chuyen tai da dang thong tin, khong phu thuoc vao khoang each dia ly da
lam cho phuong thuc nay ngay cang trer ncn pho bicn. dune nhicu to chuc, ca nhan kinh
doanh ap dung va NTD quan tarn, sir dyng. Qua do, da dan hinh lhanh va xuat hi?n myl
hinh thuc hop dong la hop dong giao ket tir xa.
1.2.1. Khai niem hop dong giao ket tir xa
Hop dong duoc lual phap thira nhan la cong cy phiip ly de ghi nhan quycn va nghTa
vu cua cac ben tham gia. Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 385, BLDS nam 2015 thi "Ityp dong Id sir
thoa thuqn gitra cac ben ve vife xdc lap. thay doi hoqc chant dirt quyen. nghia vu dan dir ”.
Do do. hop dong la su thoa thuan va cam ket giua cac ben nham lien hanh mot edng vice,
mot hoyt dong hay mot hanh vi nhat dinh nh£m dem lai quycn va loi ich nhat dinh cho cac
ben tham gia.
0 Viet Nam hien nay, van de ve hop dong giao ket tir xa duoc quy dinh tai Nghj
djnh 99/2011/ND-CP. thco do. khai ni$m hop dong giao ket tir xa duoc quy dinh nhu sau:
“Hap dong giao ket tir xa Id hop dong dtrac ky ket git'ra ngtriri licit dung va to chirc, cd
nhan kinh doanh hang hda. djeh vu thong qua phirong lifii difn tir hoac dien thoai20”.
Hop dong giao ket tir xa (IIDGKTX) lit syr thoa thuyn (tyr nguycn, thi$n chi) giua
cac ben. thong qua cac phuong ticn dicn tir hoac dicn thoai de xac lap hop dong. IIDGKTX
la hop dong dune ky kei tir xa gifra NTD vh to chirc, ca nhan kinh
doanh ma cac ben khdng phai gap nhau ky hap dong
true tiep nhu hop dong truyen (hong HDGKTX cd the bao gom hai lo?i hyp dong la
HDGKTX mang tinh chat
* Khoan I Dieu 3 Nghj djnh 99/2011/ND-CP
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hop dong dan sir va HDGKTX mang tinh chat hop dong thirong mai. Bdi vi, HDGKTX co
mot ben la NTD khong vi myc dich Ini nhuan vi mot ben la to chuc,
• * * ca nhan kinh doanh nham muc dich sinh lai. Vc co ban.
HDGKTX cung giong hyp dong thirong mai truyen thong vc chuc nang. noi dung va gia tri
phap ly. do do. HDGKTX phai tuan thu cfic nguyen lac cor ban cua hyp dong dan sy noi
chung dugc quy dinh trong BLDS. Nham phii hop voi loai hinh mua sam true tuyen hien
nay vi cac quy djnh phap luyt lien quan. lufr vin sc- phan tick HDGKTX dudi gdc
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do hop dong dan su (hop dong ticu dung), vc ban chat. HDGKTX cung la loai hop dong
giao ket vdi NTD la ben yeu the, trong do NTD gip nhieu han che, bat Igi
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