BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO

HOC VIEN CIHNH TRI QUOC GIA IIO Cllf MINH

LtiTHisTlfiM

T10GC

TANG CUONG QUAN LY NHA NUOC BANG PHAP LUAT
Vis TRAT TUAN TOAN XA HOl TRONG HOAT DONG
CUA LUC LUONG CANH SAT NHAN DAN
0 NUOC TA HI$N NAY

CIIUYEN NGANH
LY LUKR RIjK RUUC VH PljHP LUHT

Ma so : 5. 05. 01.

LUAN AN PHO TIEN SY KHOA HOC LUAT HOC

Ngu&'i hutfng dan khoa hoc: PGS.PTS. Tran Ngoc Dirtmg
PGS.PTS. Pham Tuan Binli

0A! HOC CHAT TAHA A '

■
Ha Noi - 1996

JHaj V2-M /3O
j

MUC LUC

Ma ddu
Chuang 1.

1.1.

1.1.1.

1.1.2.

1.2.

Chuong 2.

2.1.
22

2.2.1.

2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.

2.2.5.
2.2.6.

Quan ly Nha nude (QLNN) ve trdt tu an todn xa hoi

(TTATXH) vd vai tro cua Phdp luat trong quan ly Nha
nude ve trdt tic an todn xa hoi

Quan ly Nha nude bdng phap ludt vd trdt tu an toan xa h6i Khdi nidm vh ndi dung
Ichung vd trong hoat ddng cua lire luqng Canh sat nhdn dan.
Ndi dung va nhung ddc trung cor ban cua QLNN bang Phap
ludt vd TTATXH noi chung va trong hoat ddng cua lire
luqng Canh sat nhdn dan
Vai trd cua phap ludt trong quan ly Nha nude vd TTATXH
noi chung va trong hoat dong cua lire luqng CSND

Trang
4
10

10

10

25

50

Thue trang QLNN bang phdp luat veTTATXH noi chung
vd trong hoat dong cua luc luong Canh sat nhdn dan
Thue trang QLNN bdng phap ludt ve TTATXH

62

Thue trang QLNN bang phap luat ve TTATXH trong hoat
dong cua luc luqng Canh sat nhdn ddn
Thue trang QLNN bang phap ludt trong ddu tranh phong
chdng tdi pham
Thue trang QLNN bang phap ludt trong phong chd'ng td nan
xa hoi
Thue trang QLNN bang phap ludt trong llnh vuc trdt tu xa
hdi
Thue trang QLNN bang phap ludt vd trdt tu an toan giao
thdng, trdt tu dd thi
Thue trang QLNN bdng phap ludt vd phdng chay chua chdy

73

Thue trang QLNN bang phap ludt trong giao due cai tao
pham nhdn

62

73

78
85

92
99
104


3

2.2.7.

Thue trang QLNN bang phap luAt trong td chu'c, xay dung i()9
Inc luqng Canh sat nhan dan Viet Nam - Chu thd true tidp
quan ly Nha nude vd trat tu an toan xa hdi

Phuong hudng vd gidi phap tang cudng QLNN bang phap
luat trong boat dong cua luc luong Canh sat nhan dan
Tang cudng QLNN bang phap luat vd TTATXH - Ddi hoi
3.1.
ta't ydu d nude ta hi6n nay
3.1.1. Tang cudng QLNN bang phap luat vd TTATXH bat ngudn
tCr dudng ldi ddi mdi cua Dang ta
Tang cudng QLNN bang phap luat vd TTATXH bat ngudn
3.1.2.
tir ddi hoi xay dimg lire luqng CSND trong nha nude phap

112

Phuong hudng va giai phap tang cudng QLNN bang phap
luat vd TTATXH
Phuong hudng chung tang cudng QLNN bang phap luat vd
TTATXH
Xay dung va hoan thidn he thong phap luat QLNN ve
TTATXH
Doi moi co che QLNN vd TTATXH phu hop vdi dieu kidn
xay dung nha nude phap quydn

132

Chuang 3.

3. 2.
3.2.1
3.2.2. '
3.2.3.

3.2.4.

i [7

112
124

132
135
154

Ddi moi td churc vh boat ddng cua lire luqng CSND phu hop 152
vdi didu ki6n xay dung nha nude phap quydn Viet Nam

Ket ludn

Tai lieu tham khdo

176


M() DAU

/. Tinh cap thiel ciia de ted:

Dung trirdc tinh h'inh qudc tdz vA fdui vuc di&n bi£n ph ire tap, dtft nude vAn

dang trong cdng cudc cai each toan didn vd mAt kinh td'- xa hdi, nhidu thuAn lai
mdi nhung cung khdng ft rihiing kho khAn, thach thirc vA ca nhirng nguy co,
nhi$m vu bao vd trAt tir an toan xa hdi trd llianh mot nhidm vu cue ky quan

trong cua toan Dang, toan quAn va toan dAn ta.
DC’ thirc hidn thAng lai nhidm vu phat tri^n kinh td' xa hdi trong nhung
di£u kidn nhir thd', cAn quail ly tot cac mat cua ddi song xa hoi, dam bao td ch de
lao ddng xa hdi mdt each b'mh thudng, bao dam trAt tir cAn thid't cho vide thuc

hidn dudng Idi ddi mdi cua Dang va Nha nude la. MuOn vAy cAn tang cudng

hidn qua quail ly Nha nirdc IrCn lAt ca cac mal cua ddi sdng xa hoi, trong do cd
linli vuc TTATXH.
44

Quan ly xa hdi bang phap lu
*)t

la ch ire nAng co ban cua mot. Nha

nude hidn dai. Tang cudng hidu qua quan ly Nha nude vd trAt tir an toan

xa hoi nhAm thid't lAp trAt tir kv cuong xa hoi. bao dam cho xa hoi on dinh
va phat tridn trong di£u kidn xAy dung NhA nude phap quydn pliai gAn li£n

ven vide khAng dinh va phat huy vai trd, tac dung cua hd thong phap luAt.

Do cung IA ddi hdi cA'p bach cua sir nghidp cdng nghidp hoa, hidn dai hoa

d nude ta hidn nay.
Didu 12 Hidn phap nude Cong hoa xa hdi chu nghia Vidt Nam 1992,
diAng dinh: " Nha nude quail ly xa hoi bAng phap luAt, khdng ngirng tang cudng

ihap chd' xa hdi chu nghia". Didu do ddi hdi pliai tang cudng sir quan ly ciia


5

Nha nude trOn eel sd nAiig cao vai lid lac dung ciia phap luAI, hoan IhiCn he
Ihd'ng phap luat. Dai hoi Dang CSVN lan I lift VIII Cling da (hang IhAn vach ra

nhung kliuyOT diem Ihieu sol cua cluing la trong nhung nam qua, trong do cd
♦

"Vai tro quail ly cua Nha nirdc ddi vdi 11611 k'inli 10' - xa hoi con yO'u", " Cac mat

xa hoi con nhi6u diOu nlii'rc nhd'i". De’ khAc phuc tiiih I rang hay, dudng loi cua
Dang chi rd:" phai tang ctrdng phap did xa lidi chu nghTa, xdy dung Nha nude
phap quydn ViOt nam, quan ly xa hdi bftng phap luat, ddng ihdi coi. trong giao
due nflng cao dao dire xa hOi chu nghTa.16

Chinli vl vay, ngliiOn eftu dd tai tang cirdiig quail ly Nha nirdc bitfig phap
luftt la va'11 dd hire xue, cd y nghTa Iy luAn va tlnrc tidriJDftc bid trong giai doan

hiOn nay, khi Dang va Nha nirdc ta dang dS ra nliiOm vu tiO'n lianh cai each nen

lianh cliinh Qud'c gia till ngliiOn ciru dd Ihi: "Tang ctrdng quan ly Nha nude

bang phap luatvd trftt tu an toan xa hdi trong boat dong cua lire liromg Canh sal

iihan dan" la gop phdn tich cue vao viOc giai quyO't nhiOm vu do. DAy ciing la
Iftn dAu ti£n d cA'p do mdt luAn an pho tiO'n sy di sau nghien ciru va'n dd "Tang

cudng quan ly Nha nude bang phap luAt've trat tir an to Ari xa lidi trong boat
ddug cua lire lircmg Canh sdt nhAn dan".

Toan bd nhung vftn dd trlnh bay trOn cho tha'y tinh ca'p thie't cua de tai

Ilian an.

2. 7'1 n It hinh nghien cult trong vd ngodi nirdc .
Quan ly Nha nude do nhidu mdn khoa hoc phap ly khac nhau nghien

ciru, nhung trirdc hO't do la pham till co ban cua Luat hanh ohinh va Ly luAn vd

Nha nude va Phap luat. VI vAy trong sacli bao phap ly cua nhidu nirdc trOn the

gidi, dac bid d LiOn x6 va cac nirdc xa lidi chu nghTa Ddng Au cu cung nhu d

10

Mng Cftng san ViCt Nam, Vim kiOn Dai lidi lohn qurtc Mil lint VIII.


I I

Viet Nam, quan ly Nha nude da dirqc dd cAp dirdi nhidu binli didn va linh vuc

khac nliau.
Tien linh vuc dA'u liaiih Hao ve an ninli, trAt tir an loan ciing da xuAt liicn
nhidu bai vid't, nhung edng tiinh ngliidn ciiu dudl dac .giac do khac nliau vd
quan ly Nha nude. Dac biet gAn day cac van dd cor chd quan ly, didu chinli bang

phap luat pliiic vu phong chd'ng toi pham da dirqc cac th clitic qudc id nliir

Interpol, Aseanapol quan tarn.
•
May nam gAn day. dirdi anil sang doi moi, mdt so dd lai cap bd da dd cap

den cac noi dung cua quan ly Nha nude lien linh vuc trAt tir an loan xa hoi. Mol
so lai lieu, giao trlnli ciia Hoc vicn lianh chinli qudc gia ciing il nhidu dd cAp

den vAn dd nay. Tuy nliien vAn dura cd mot edng trlnli nao di sAu ngliidn ciiu
vAn dd "TAng cirbng quail ly Nha nude bAng phap luAt vd trAt tu an toan xa hoi

trong hoat. dong ciia lire luqng Canh sal nhAn elAn ".

La ngubi dirqc Chinli phii, Bo Noi vu giao cho trong Iracli chi liny toan
luc luqng Canh sat nhAn dAn, true tid'p lanli dao edng tac bao vd trAt tir an toan

xa hoi. da nhAn th lire dirqc sAu sAc lAng nhidu vA'n dd time tidn sbi dong tidn Hull

virc nay chira duqc tong kdt va dAc bid! trong tnih hinli hidn nay, vide ngliidn
ciiu dd tang cirbng quan ly Nha nude bAng phap luat tidn linh vuc nay la vd

ciing quail trong va cAn tliid't. Didu do da llidi tluic tac gia chon dd lai nay
ngliidn ciiu, nhAiii gbp phAn dap ting nhung doi.hdi lure xiic ciia ly luAn ciing

nliir I lure tidn liidn nay,
•

»

3. Muc dich vd nhiein vu ciia ludu an.
LuAn an nhani nine dtch lam sang lb nhung co sb ly luAn, noi dung va

phirong phap tang cirbng quail Ij' Nha nude vd trAt tir an toan xa hoi trong hoat


7

dong cua luc luqng Canh sal nhAn dAn, lir <16 de ra nhung muc lidu, nhidm vu va
nhiing giai phap nhAm tang cudng quan ly Nha nude bAng phap lu At vd trAt tir an

loan xa hdi trong boat dong ciia lire luqng Canh sat nhan dan trong tinh h'inh

hidn nay.

Tir muc dfch do, loan dn co nhidm vu:
a. LAm sAng to vd mat \nirbc bAng phap luat vd trAt tir an tohn xa hdi. vai trd ciia phap luAt trong quan ly

Nha mrdc v6 trAt tir an loan xa hoi ndi cluing va trong boat dong ciia luc lirqng
Canh sat nhan dAn.

hi
b. Nghidn ciru thirc trang quan ly Nha nude, didu chinli hang phap luAt vd
trAt tir an toan xa hoi ndi cluing va dac bidt la trong hoat ddng ciia lire lirqng

Canh sat nhAn dAn ndi ridng.

c. D£ xufft vd ph iron g hudng va giai phap tang cudng quan ly Nha mrdc
bAng phap luAt vd trAt tir an toan xa hdi trong tinh h'inh hidn nay.

4. Pliant vi ngliieii ciixi cua ludtt an.

Quan ly Nha nirdc ve trAt tir an loan xa hoi do nhidu loai chu thd khac

nhan licii hanh. LuAn an chi di sAu phAn tfch quan ly Nha nude do nganh Canh
sat nliAn dAn tidii hhnli vA chi tAp tiling nghidn cun indt s<5 luih virc trAt tu an
loan xa hoi dang nong bong phfre tap hidn nay nhu: phong chong tdi pham, td

nan xa hdi, quan ly hanh chinli v£ trAt tu xa hoi, trAt tu an toan giao thdng, trAt
tir do thi, phong chay ch fra chay, giao due cai tao pham nhAn .


8

5. Phuong phdp lighten cutt.
LuAn an dirge thirc liidn trdn co so plnrong phap luAn cua ciiu nghTa Mac -

LA Nin va tir tirdng Ho Chi Minh .
Trong qua.ti inh thirc liidn luAn an da str dung nhung plnrong phap ngliidn

ciru nlnr> thong kA, tdng hop, phAn t.ich lid thong cac plnrong phap ngliidn ciru xa

hdi hoc; so sanh phap luAt...vv

6. Diem moi ciia ludn an.

- Dira trdn quan di£m co ban cua Dang va Nha ntrdc dirge phan anh trong
Nghi quyd't dai hdi VII! cua Dang ciing nhir HidTi phap 1992 va cac tai lidu,vAn

ban phap ly khac, luAn an Ifin dAu tidn da hlnh thanh mdt sd khai nidm va

pham till nhir trAt tir an toan xa hdi, an ninli xa hdi; ndi dung co ban quan ly
Nha mrdc v£ trAt tir an toan xa hdi, va quan ly nha mrdc bAng phap luAt vd trAt

tiran loan xa hdi trong boat ddng cua CSND. Cac khai nidm va pham tru nay cd
y nghTa ly luAn chi dao hoat ddng thirc tidn quan ly Nha mrdc vd trAt tir an loan

xa hdi.

- LuAn an da chi ra vai tro cua phap luAt trong quan ly Nha mrdc ve trAt tir

an toan xa hdi trong hoat ddng quan ly Nha mrdc ciia lire lirong Canh sat nhAn
ilfln. DAy la edng trlnli ngliidn ciru khoa hoc dAu tidn d mrdc ta ngliidn ciiu, phAn

heli, vAn dd vai tro phap luAt trong quan ly Nha mrdc vd trAt tir an toan xa hoi.

Vide chi rd vai tro cua phap luAt trong quan ly Nha nirdc vd trAt tir an toan xa
hdi co y nghTa chi dao hoat ddng quan ly Nha mrdc bAng phap luAt trong hoat

hdng cua lire lirong Canh sat nhAn dAn.

9

- LAn dAu tidn luAn an xcm xet danh gia mb( each long (lid (lure (rang

qtian ly Nha nirdc bAng phap luAl vd (rAt (ir an loan xa hoi b nirdc (a trong nhung
nam ddi mdi. Trdn co sb nghien ciru, pliAn Itch trbn da dd xuA't cac pliuong
hirbng va giai phap tang cirbng quan 4y Nha nirdc vd trAt lir an toan xa hoi b

nirdc ta biCn nay. Dac biot lac gia da dd xuAI cac giai phap hoan IhiCn he (hong

phap luftt, tang cirbng vai tro cua phap luAt va kidn toan bd may lire luqng Canh
sat nhAn d^n nh&m dap ting nhung ydu cAu ddi nidi vd co chd to ch lire va quan ly
trong giai doan hien nay.
fvfV'T 1

I

, I) ’ r'.’:

'

g.

’

>

■

•

■ ' '

-

1

7. Y nglua ly ludn vd lliuc tien cua Irian du :

Nhung kdt qua nghien ciru cua luAn an la mot dong gdp ticli cue cho vide

hoan thien he thdng ly luAn vd Nha nude va phap luflt cung nhu khoa hoc vd

quan ly Nha nirdc. LuAn an !
giang day, cho hoc vien cac trubng Dang va Hanli chinh Nha nude, cac irirbng
Cdng an nhAn dAn.

Nhung kdt qua nghien ciru va dd xuA't trong luAn an se gop pliAn rich cue
vAovidc nAng cao hieu lire quan ly Nha node vd trAt tu an toan xa hoi cua lire

I iron g Canh sat nil An dAn.8

8. Ket edit cua ludn an:
LuAn an duqc bd cue gdm loi mb dAu, 3 clurong vdi 6 tidt, kdt luAn va

danh muc thi lieu tham khao.


10

(HUONG 1
QUAN LY NHA NUOC Vf’ TTATXH
VA VAI TRO CUA PHAP LUAT TRONG QLNN Vfi TTATXH

1.1. Quan ly Nha nude being plidp luat ve TTATXH- Khdi nieni vd ndi dung.
1.1.1. Khdi nieni (rat tu an todn xd hdi vd QLNN bring phap luat ve TTATXH.
* Quan nieni ve trat titan todn xd hdi.

Trong sud't qud trlnli lich sir cua cta't nirdc, Ang cha ta da t6ng ke't thAnh

quy luat : Dimg mrdc di ddi vdi giCr mrdc. Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam da kd' thi'ra

va phat tri&i quy luat do trong tlidi dai ngay nay: XAy dung Chu nghta xa hoi
phai di ddi vdi bao vd Td qudc xa hoi Chu nghTa. Trong bdi canh qudc td, khu

vuc didn bidn phirc tap, nirdc ta dang tien hanh cdng cudc cai each toan didn vd
cac mat kinh td - xa hdi, bao vd trat tir an toan xa hdi trd thhiili mdt nhidm vu

cue ky quan trong cua toan Dang, toan quAn vA toan dan ta trong giai doan each
mang hidn nay .
Nh/im gop ph An tidp tuc 6n dinh tinh h'inh kinh td - xa hoi va phat tridii

dat nude, mdt trong nhung didu kidn tidn quydl la pliai bao vd viing elide an
ninli qudc gia, bao vd trat. tu an toan xa hdi. An dinh.ddi sdiig chfnh tri va tinh

than cua nhan dan. Do cung la quy luAt tdt ydu cua sir phat tridn xa hdi cua cac

qudc gia tren the gidi.

Dae bidt, cAn quan ly tot cac mat. cua ddi song xa hdi dd dam bao to chuc
lao ddng xa hdi mdt each blnli thudng, bao dam trat tu can thid't cho vide thirc

hidn iiliiing chfnh sach cua Dang vA Nha mrdc. Mudii vAy can tftng cirdng hieu
qua quan I}, nha nude yd trAt tir an toan xa hoi being phap luAt.

(

Dd hid’u dung dAn vai trd cua phap luAt trong quan ly nhA mrdc (QLNN)
v£ trAt tir an toan xa hdi (TTATXH), nliln nhan vA'n dd mot each khoa hoc,

Nude hd't cAn phai xem xet khai nidm "trAt tir an toan xa hdi".


Ngay tir bu6i blnh niinh cua ndn edng boa dAn chu d mrdc ta, nhi£u khai
nidm chira hlnh thhnh nlnr ngay nay. 'Prong sAc Idnli sd' 23 ngay 21 thang 2 nAni

1946 thAnh lap Vidt Nam Cdng an vu, Chit tich Ho Chf Minh da ndu Idn nhidm
vti cua Cdng an Vidt nam, tlico cluing tdi vita quan Iridt (inh pho bid'll ciia edng

tac an ninh, trAt tir mang tinh qudc (£, vira lam rd tfiih dac t.hii cua edng tac
Cdng an Vidt. Nam nhir sau: "11m kid'tn va IAp Ining cac tin tire va tai lidu lidn
quan dd'n sir an loan cua qudc gia hoac bd trong lioac bd ngoai; dd nghi va thi

hanh cac phirang phap dd phong nhung str hanh ddng cd thd kirn rd'i vide tri an
vh mA't trAt tu d trong nude, bA't ci'r sir hanh ddng do la do ngirdi Vidt Nam hay

ngirdi ngoai qudc; dieu Ira vd nhung hanh dong trai phep noi trdn va truy llm

ngircri can pham dd giup Toa an trong sir trirng trj".10

Nhir vAy thcri ky do co th8 th Ay Bae Nd da dung khai nidm "an toan qudc

gia" dd chi vA'n dd an ninh chinli tri, con trAt tir, tri an till dirqc liidn la TTATXH.
Clio dd'n thAp ky 50, khai nidm trAt tir tri an vAn con dirqc sir dung dd’ chi cac

edng vide thudc vd TTATXH va pham Irii an loan.an ninh qudc gia vAn bd hep
trong khai nidm an ninh chinli tri, cho'ng cac hanh ddng pha hoai, gAy bao loan
lAt do che dd cua bon gian didp dd qudc va bon phan ddng trong mrdc.

Nlurng tir dAu thAp ky 60, Chu tich H6 Chi Minh trong cac bai ndi va vidt

cua Ngudi, eta md rdng noi ham cua pham trit an ninh qudc gia vdi noi dung
toan dien han,.bao gdm an ninh trong xAy dirng, bao vd che dd chinh tri, trong
edng cudc khdi pliuc, xAy dung kinh td', trong ciing cd qudc phong, trong xAy

dung ndn vAn hoa mdi, dAc bidt la trong ca cac vA'n dd trAt tu, an tohn xa hdi.
Tir do chung tdi ddng y vdi quan nidm cho ring, an ninh qudc gia cAn
dirqc hieu dirdi hai cA'p do khac nhau: an ninh qudc gia vdi nghTa rdng nhir vira

’ phAn tich vA an ninh qudc gia vdi nghTa hep hun dd chi an ninli chinh tri.
I» f IA

HO C’hf Minh; Toftn IAp, tap 9, NXI1 Sir tliAt 1989, tr. 408.


Ridtig v6 vtfn dd TI’ATXH, tir thang 4/1963, Bac Hd da ndu nhidm vu bao

v6 an ninh trat tir: "phai ki£n quyd't l.am ihAt lot vide tap tiling cai tao nhung
phdri tir nguy hidm cho an ninh xa hdi va giao due cai tao nhung ngiroi trirdc kia
la td, nguy, phi, nhirng ngircri trirdc kia da thorn gia cac id chirc plian dong". 10

(J day Bae Hd dung khai nidm ph;1n tir ngtiv hai cho an ninh xa hdi dd chi bon
Idi pham chuydn nghidp gidt ngirdi cirdp cua, xftm hai nghidni trong tfnh mang,
lai san cua cdng dan ma trirdc day ta vfln dim vao khai nidm "trat tir an tohn xa

hdi".

i

Thang 10/1966, Ngirdi lai ndu nhidm .vu cho Cong an "Quydt tarn danh

bai moi boat ddng gian didp vrt chidn tranh tarn If cua dich, vide to chirc bao vd

lai san Nha nirdc phai lam tot hen; duy tri trat tir, an ninh xa hdi, nhat la 6 cac
lhanh ph6". 10

Cac thuat ngfr "trat tir an toan xa hoi" d nude (a vd sail dirge sir dung
trong cac bai noi, bai vidt cua cac ddng chi lanh dao nganh Cong an lir d;1u
nhung nam 60. Thuat ngir nhy da dirge sir dung chfnh thirc trong van kien Dai

hdi Dang CSVN lan thir IV va gdn day sir dung phd bid'll trong sach bao, dac

bidt la trong Hidn phap CHXHCN Vidt Nam nam 1992 (Didu 45, 47 va 49).
Trong bai "Lam td't edng tac giir gin TI’ATXH trong tlnh hlnh mdi" (
Tap chi Cdng san sd 10/1993 ), ddng chi Biii Thidn Ngd, nguydn Uy vidn Bo

Chfnh tri, Bd trirdng Bd NOi vu quan nidm: " TTATXH la hd thong cac quan hd
xa hdi dirge hlnh thhnh vh didu chinh bdi hd thong cac quy pham phap luftt ciia
Nha nirdc, quy pham dao dire, thuftn pliong my tuc trong ddi sdng cdng ddng

ciia mdt dan tdc, mdt qud'c gia, nha do, moi cdng dan sdng va lao ddng co to

* U6 Chf Minh; To;\n tflp, tAp 9, NXB Str ihflt 1989, lr.,487.

' H6 ('lif Minh; Sdd, tflp 9, NXB Sir IhIJl 1989, tr.,489.


13

chirc co ky cirong, moi Igi (ch chfnh dang dirge bao dam khdng bi xAm hai.
Cuoc dft'u tranh gift gin TTATXH d Viet Nam bao gdm cac ndi dung chu yen:

Chdiig tdi pham, gift gin trat tir noi cdng cdng, phong ngira tai nan, bai tiTr td
h

nan xa hdi, chdiig d nliicni mdi Irirdng nluini bao dam boat dong binli lliirdng,
y£n dn, hgp phap cua cac co quan Nha nude, cac td clitic xa hdi va moi cong
••

1A

dan .

55

Quan nidm nay cd y nghia (hire tidn la chi ra dirge cac ndi dung chu yen

cua cuoc dflfu tranh bao vd TTATXH d nirdc la.
Nha'n manh kd't qua didu chinh cua cac quy pham xa hdi, trong dd cd quy

pham phap luat, tac gia Ho Trong Ngu ndu rd: "Trat tir an toan xa hoi chfnh la

trat tir cac mdi quan hd xa hdi phu hgp vdi cac ydu cdu vd an tohn xa hoi; la kd't
qua cua sir didu chinh bdi cac quy pham xa hoi phu hgp muc tidn dn dinh va

phat trien xa hdi da dirge Dang va Nha nirdc dd ra". ,k

-Cac tdc gia cua cdng trlnli nghidn ciiu "Tir didn bach khoa nghidp vu
Cdng an" Vidn Khoa hoc Cdng an nam 1095 cung da dira ra dinh nghia vd

TTATXH: "Tilt tir an toan xa hdi la tinh (rang xa hdi cd td chirc, cd ky luAl.
moi ngirdi dirge sdiig yen vui Ihnh manh trong xa hoi theo quy dinh bAng cac
lilt Id ciia nhh nude, quy pham ciia dao due, quy pham ciia cuoc sdiig cdng
*

*

dong va thtiAn phong my tuc".

RS

Cac quan didm ndi trdn vd "tilt tu an toan xa hoi" ddu cd nhung iru didm

nhft't dinh. Tuy nhidn d cac quan didm nay khdng tranh khdi nhung han chd' khi
xac dinh noi ham, khach th£ va phirong»phap didu chinh.
!

<

i

Bui ThiCn NgO: Lhin l6t eftng lac gift gin TTATXH trong tinh liinlt mat; l ap chi ('Ong san 10/1993, tr. 3
1,5116 Trong Ngfl: Vd kliai niOm ITAIXH; lap ch( TTATXH, sO' 1/1996, tr. 25

Dir than ITr didn Bach khoa nghiOp vu (‘Ong an; 115 NOi 1995, tr. 514


Theo cluing tdi, de cd nidi khai nidm vd TTATXH chinh xac, cd y nghTa

chi dao hoat ddng thirc tidn, phai xuA't phat tir 3 can cir:

- TTATXH Ih san ph<4tn ttft yd'u ciia mot xa hoi cd nha nude. Trong tA't ca
cac kidu nha mrdc ddu hinh thanh va ton lai mot ITATXH ciia minh nliAm bao
vd chinh Nha nirdc va xa hdi dd. VI vAy khai nidm TTATXH phai phan anh

dirge ban chA't nhh mrdc ciia dAn, do dAn va vi dAn ma chung ta dang xAy dung.
- TTATXH con phai dirge quan nidm nhir la kd't qua ciia mdt trang thai xa
hdi on dinh virng v.'ing ciia nha mrdc va lid thong chinli tri, trong dd cac quydn

ciia cdng dAn dirge bao vd va Ion trong.
i

- TTATXH dirge didu chinh hdi he llidng cac quy pham phap luAI, dao
dire, chinh tri, va bAng phirang phap giao due thuye’t phuc, cirdng che nha mrdc,

trong dd

quy pham phap luAt ddng vai trd dac bidt quan trong Irong vide hinh

thanh trAt tir dd.

Xu At phat tir nhung can cir trdn, I rong cac cdng I null ngliidn ciiu khoa hoc
gAn dAy chung tdi da dira ra khai nidm sau ve TTATXH : TTATXH Id trang thai
ciia cue quan he xd hoi dupe hinh thanh vd dieu chinh hdi he thong quy pham
phap luat cua Nha nude, quy pham chinh tri, quy pham dao ddc, thudn phong

my tuc trong doi song cdng ddng ciia mot dan toe, mot nha nude, Id tinh trang
xd hoi on dinh.d' dd moi cdng dan song vd lao ddng cd to ch lie, cd ky cifong,

moi I pi ich chinh ddng dupe hdo dam, khdng hi xdm hai. 125

Trong mdi quan lid vdi trAt tir an toan xa hdi, cAn phai chu y tdi hai khai
nidm "TrAt tir phap In At" va "TrAt tir xa hdi" thirdng dirge dirge vidt trong sach

bao ciia khoa hoc phap ly.
i

.

1

Xcm: LO llitfTiOtn, Cao XuAn llrtng, Ngoydn XuAn YOm, Clnr Van Chf vA cite lac gia Thue Irang v?i dtr
Mo linh hinh Tl’ATXIl dCn nam 2000- ('Ac giai phap d6i moi cAng lac giir gin FIX! I: King cue CSNI) HA
N()i vu 1995; ir.3. (,'hiOh hfirc bao vC ITATXII tir nam I99(» dd’n nam 2000 vA mA! sA nam liO’p then; King
'■‘IICCSND III) NAi vu 1996 Jr. 3.


I .»

Nha bac hoc Xd Vi6t, Giao sir Codubra. N.I vidt: "TrAI tir phap luAt, dd la

cac mdi quan hd xa hdi dira trdn co sb phap chd XHCN"..., "TrAt tir phap luAt la
mot. he thdng cac mdi quan he xa hoi trong dd con ngirbi thirc hidn cac lianh vi

hop phap1'. Tir dd, giao sir Codubra. N.I cho rang:

"TrAt'tir phap luAt la kdt qua cua vide thirc hien phap chd, kdt qua vide
thirc hien nhung ddi hoi ddi vdi cac cdng dAn, cac nha chu’c trach, cac Id choc,

edc co quan nha nirdc. Noi each khac, trAt tir phap luAt Ih kdt qua cua vide didu
chinh phap luAt, dd la dtch cudi cung cua vide didu chinh cua phap luAt ddi vdi
cac mdi quan hd xa hdi". 160

Con "trAt tir xa hdi” la lid thong nhung quan hd xa hoi dirqc quy dinh bbi

co sb kinh td vA dirqc hlnh thanh do tac ddng didu chinh cua tAt ca cac quy
pham xa hdi va quytac, ndp sdng cdng cdng cua xa hdi.

Giao sir Codubra. N.I cho rAng: ”Khi noi ddn trAt tir xa hdi la noi ddn vide
Idn trong cac quy pham phap luAt, ton trong quydn va nghTa vu quy dinh (long
cac quy pham phap luAt, ma ebn bAng cac quy tAc dao due, quy tAc chinh tri.

Vide thirc hien tA't ca cac quy pham, quy tAc do co Iidn quan den cac mdi quan
lid xa hdi khac nhau. Hd thdng cac quan lid xa hoi dirqc didu chinh bAng cac
quy tAc xa hdi va cac quy pham phap luAt tao ndn "trAt. tir xa hdi”. 160

Nhir vAy ro rang trAt tir xa hoi rdng lion khai nidm trAt tir phap luAt. TrAt

tir phap luAt chi la mdt phAn cua trAt tir xa hdi. TrAt tir phap luAt la dac tliu cua
xa hdi cd'giai cAp, chi tdn tai trong xa hdi cd nha nirdc va phap luAt. Con trAt tir

Xem: Codub ra N.I v.1 ddng nghiCp: Nhung vffn d«J ccr han vd Nha nirdc va phap hull XI ION.NXB Sir that 11:1 NAi 1986, Hang 271, 172.
'

BA NAi Vu: l ir didu Bach khoa nghidp vu (.’Aug an, 11:1 NAi 1995, ir. 514
Codub ra. N.I: Sacli (lit dAn, trang 272.

i

i



idi tdn tai ngay ca trong xa hdi khdng con nha nirdc va phap luat.

■
ighla rdng vh nghTa hep.
An ninh xa hdi dirge h id’ll theo nghta rdng dd chi sir 6n dinh, sir binh ydn,

_iia mdt chd' dd, mdt qud'c gia. Khai nidm nay dung dd chi trang thai ydn 6n trdn

;o sanh, danh gia mdi quan hd cua vA'n dd an ninh trong mdt dA't mrdc vdi an
tilth trong khu virc va toan cdu.

An ninh xa hdi dirge hid’u theo nglila hep la ndi dd'n sir dn dinh cua mot
.a hoi co td chirc, co ky cirong trdn co so phap In At, chudn mire dao dtic va cac
|uy pham xa hdi nhAm muc dfch bao dam nhtrng didu kidn cAn thid't cho cuoc
dug lao ddng va nghi ngoi cua cdng dAn. dam bao boat ddng binh thirdng cua

ac co quan NhA nirdc va cac td chirc xa hdi.

Theo nghTa hep, vide dam bao an ninh xa hdi co ndi dung bao gdm:
*hdng ngira vA dA'u tranh chd'ng tdi pham h’inh sir; ngan chan va bai trir Id nan xa
di; gift gin trAt tir xa hdi, chd'ng nhCrng vi pham hanh cht'nh; bao vd mdi tnrdng.

heo nghla hep nAy till khAi nidm "an ninh xa hoi" cd ndi dung nam trong pham
u "trAt tir an toAn xa hdi". 125

,

Xctn : 1.0 I hO I iCm, Cao Xiiftn H6ng, Ngityfn XtiAn YOm. Chu Vtln Chf va cac lac gia, l.nAn cii khoa hoc
i moi cac chfnh siich xfl hoi nham dam hao an ninh xa h<)i vh khac plmc cac 10 nan xa hoi. t)p alia nw<»u mil xd KX.U4.I4, lift Noi - |”95 Hang 8-‘>.


TiAt tu an toan xa hoi cung vdi An ninh qudc gia (lheo iiglna hep) la hai
iat cua ndn AN-TT cua mdt dA't-nirdc cd quan he chat che vdi nhau, tac ddng

huydn boa nhau, trong do, ANQG la mat co ban nhA't, quan tridt nhA't. An ninh
hoc

gia dirqc bao dam virng chile se anh lurbng co ban dun sir on dinh cua
•’•'I'!’

TATXH. Ngirqc lai, ndu khdng dam bao dirqc TI’ATXH, bon toi pham hoanh

anh, coi thudng phap luat, tai san xa hdi chu nghTa, tai san, tfnh mang cdng

An bi xam hai nghidm trong, se tao didu kien cho ke dich Iqi dung, pha hoai
’

iNQG.

.

Btrdc vao xay dung CNXH mdt phAn do tan dir xa hoi cu, nhidu bon toi

ham khac nhau, nhA't la bon toi pham hlnh str, loi pham kinh id, ra sue Iqi dung

hung khuydt didm, so hd trong co chd quan ly kinh td, xa hdi dd hoat dong;
ac bidt la trong giai doan ddi moi co chd. mb cua phai tridn dA't nirdc la hidn

ay.
■ i'.n

a

i <

■

■

'■

■

■

.

■

i

i

Trong didu kidn cac thd lire thu dich dang ra sire pha hoai CNXH b Viet

o ta, do do, mac du ANQG la quan trong hang dAu, nhung tuyet. ddi khong thd
ubng long, coi nhe TTATXH. Ong cha ta noi: Co an cir moi lac nghiep. An cu

ic la co cudc sdng ydn on, on dinh vdi didu kidn cac mat chfnh tri, kinh id va

1 hdi dtrqc dam bao. Trong thuc td, nhidu ngirbi chira nhAn thirc dirqc mdi quan

; dAy du mang tfnh quy luAt giua cac mat nay. Do do, khi thl chi quan tAm ddn
NQG mh coi nhe TTATXH hoac ngirqc lai/

Trong thirc tidn, ndu xet ridng mdi quan hd giua ANQG vdi TTATXH se
Ay ham lirqng chfnh tri cua TTATXH co xu hirdng tang, ndi Idn Ih:
+ TrAt tir an toan xa hoi ndu vi pham nghidm trong hoac ndu giai quydt
i
idng kheo thl se anh hirdng XA'u ddn an ninh chfnh tri.

DAI HOC LUAT TP.HCM

'THU


4- Dich sir dung ca bon liru manli, con dd, tliam nhung, sa doa bid’ll dull

.10 muc dich chfnh tri cua cluing.
+ ThAm chf cd khi vAn d£ TTATXH chuyd’n boa thanh vAn de chinh tri.

i du nhir cac vu th iron g binli gAy roi, pham phap, cac vu ndng dAn tranh chAp
long dA't, nguon mrdc, kliiO'u kidn Iran Ian, danh nhau ddng ngirbi lioac vi can

6 co so thirc hidn chfnh such khdng dting. ncn ndng dAn kco Idn thanh pho
iSu tinh...
Nhir vAy ro rang TTXH rdng lion kluii nidm trAt tir phap luAt. TrAt tir phap
lAt chi 15 mdt phAn ciia TTXH. TrAt tir phap luAt la dac tliii ciia xa hdi cd giai

jp, chi tdn tai trong xa hoi cd nha mrdc va phap luAt. TrAt tir an toan xa hoi la
idt bd phAn quan trong ciia trAt tir phap luAt.
*Khdi nieni quan ly Nhd nude ve trdt tu an todn xd hoi

Theo nghTa rdng, quan ly la didu khid’n, bao gdm cac loai hinh Idn:
- Quan ly trong sinh hoc (thidn nhidn, mdi tnrbng..);
- Quan ly trong ky thuAt (qua tiinh co gidi hoa, tir dong hoa...);
- Quan ly xa hdi (cac tAp Ihd nhung con ngudi).
Khoa hoc phap ly khdng nghien ciru hai loai hinh quan ly ndi tren ma

ii nghien ciiu loai hinh tlurba : quan ly cac IAp the nhung con ngudi.

Loai hinh quan ly nay dirqc C.Mac coi la cliirc nang dac biet sinh ra tir
nh chAt xa hdi hoa lao ddng. C. Mac vidt: "bAt ky mot xa hdi hay cdng ddng

io dirqc tidn hanh tren quy md tirong dd'i Idn cling ddu edn cd sir quan ly. Nd
ic lAp mdi quan h6 hai ho5 gifra cAc cdng vide ridug re thirc liidn nhung cliirc
ing chung nhflft xuA't phat tir sir vAn ddng ciia toan bd co cA'u san xuA't (khac vdi

r vAn ddng ciia timg bd pliAn doc IAp trong ndn san xuA't A'y). Mdt nghd sT choi
in chi phai didu khid’n chfnh minh nhung mol dan nhac thi cAn phai cd nhac


iruong"3. Tir do, cd the hidu quan ly la sir lac ddng chi

liny, dieu khicn

cac qua trlnli xa hdi va hanh vi lioat ddng cua con ngirdi dd chung phai tridn phu

hop vdi quy luAt, dat tdi muc dfch nil At dinh va dung vdi y chi cua chu thd quan

|y. Quan 1^ lsdiig xa hdi. Xa hoi phat tridn cang cao, (hi vfl'n dd quan ly cd vai trd cang Ion

va ndi dung cAng phirc tap.

Ngay sau each mang thang Mirdi Nga lhanhedng, V.I.Ldnin da timg coi
chfnh quydn Xd-Vidt va vft'n dd quan ly la nhung vAn dd dac bidt quan trong ddi
vdi cdng elide xAy dung CNXH. Ngirdi cho rAng sail khi each mang thAng loi till
nhidm vu quan l£ trd tlianh nhidm vu chu ydu. Ngirdi viet "Chung ta da gianli

dirge nude Nga tir trong tay bon nha giau dd giao lai cho ngirdi lao ddng. BAy
gib chung ta phai quan ly nude Nga".

Khoa hoc quan \idi dirdi trang thai "tinh" va dirdi trang thai "ddng"

Dudi trang thai "tinh", co cAu ciia quan ly xa hdi bao gdm cac ydu td: chu

lie, khach thd va cac quan hd gifra cluing.
Chu thd cua quan ly xa hoi la con ngirdi va co quan, td chirc ciia con
• VP ' Itl!L

.’mi

. ‘

igudi. Hoat ddng do chu thd quan ly thirc hidn la boat ddng quail ly. Khach the

1’

ua quan ly xa hdi la hanh vi, la hoat ddng ciia con ngirdi hoAc co quan, td chirc

ua con ngiroi (con goi la hoat ddng bi quan ly)
1*

, Qua trlnli quan ly xa hdi thirc hidn dirge Ih nhd ydu td quydn uy. Do la
lac trimg cua mdi quan hd gifra chu thd va khach thd’ quan ly xa hdi, va cung
hfnh Ih ban chA't ciia quan ly xa hdi. Theo Ph.Anghen, quydn uy Ih su troi
!*•
.. ! ■» f.l I tjt t
I.. , »

■

l.

t.

|-------- --------------------------------------------------------------

’.Mac, Pli.Anghcn : Tohn trip, tap 23, trang 342

V.I.I.Cnin : J ohn lilp, Pip 36, l rang 209


20

!,’'t

1

,

i

nidc, ap dAt y chi cua ke nAy cho ke khac, budc ho phai phuc tung. VI vAy,
jiiydn uy lA'y phuc tung lAm tien dd. Quyfin uy va str phuc tung tao thanh ndi

lung cua quy£n lire quan ly. Khdng the' co quan ly nd'u khdng co quyfin lire, du
lai difin cho quyfin lire Ay la mdt nguui hay IAp difi’. V) co quyfin lire nfin y chi

ua chu thfi quad ly tier thAnh y chi thdng hi hope ddi tuong bi quan ly phai
I

iliuc tung, vA chfnh ban than boat ddng quan ly 15 sir thuc hifin quyfin lire nay.

Quyfin lire - phuc tung" la dac tnrng cua plnrong phap quan ly xa hoi. Quan ly
;a hdi la mdt khai nidm rdng bao ham hai khai nidm quan ly cac cdng vide Nha

urdc (phAn quan ly xa hdi do Nha nirdc dam nhidm), va quan ly cac cdng vide
. iTa xa hdi (phdn quan

xa hdi con lai).

Quan 1^ cac cdng vide cua Nha nirdc (hay "quan If Nha nirdc" theo nghTa
dug) dirge thirc hifin boi ttft ca cac co quan Nha nude. Cung cd khi do nhAn dAn

rue tifi'p thirc hifin bAng hlnh thirc bd phifi'u toAn dAn, hoAc do cac td chirc xa

idi, cdc co quan xa hoi thuc hifin ndu dirge Nha nude giao quyfin time hifin chirc
lAng nha nirdc. QLNN d dAy khdng phai la quan ly cac td chirc chfnh tri goi la

Mha nude, mA la su quan ly co tfnh chA't Nha nirdc, do Nha nude thuc hifin
44

hong qua bd may Nha nirdc, trfin co so quyfin lire Nha nirdc, nliAm thuc hifin
ac nhidm vu vA chirc nang cua Nha nude.

Con quan ly cac cdng vide cua xa hdi dirge thuc hien bdi tA't ca cac td

hire xa hoi, cac co quan xa hoi, gia dinh, to elide tu nhAn v.v....
Xa hdi cAng phat trifin, nhA't IA trong thdi ky cdng nghifip hoa, tdn tai kinh
V thi trudng vdi nhifiu thAnh phdn, md cua, dAn chu hoa... thl cAng cAn co trAt

r. ky cuong. Do 1A dA'u hidu vA cung IA dam bao cua mdt xa hdi vAn minh, hifin

:ii. Xa hdi chng hifin dai, cAng cAn den quan ly, co nghTa IA cAng cAn ddn
uydn uy.

-.4, PK

i

:

lb

;|ti

i


Vd didu nay, trong lac pliAni "Ban ve quydn uy" I’ll. Angghcn da vidt:
*»n
\hi<

I idn diCt quydn uy trong dai cdng nghidp, chinh la miid'n tidn diet ngay

! han thAn cdng nghidp, chinh la tidn diet nha may soi dd quay vd vdi cai xa

Ndi den QLNN vd TTATXH vdi Hr each la mot chirc nang xa hdi dac bidt

noi deh mot loai hoat ddng. Tire la cAn nghien ciiu quan ly, xa hoi dirdi trang ■
iai "ddng". (3 trang thai nhy, quan ly xa hdi bao gdm cac ndi dung va hinh
i ■,, r,i . ■:
i v <
.
lire bie’u hidn cu thd cua nd.
Ndi dung cua quan 1^ Nhd nude vd TTATXH bao gdm cac yd'u td: Muc

rdng. Muc dfch cua QLNN vd TTATXH la muc dfch hoat ddng chung ciia cac

yquan Nhd mrdc trong cdng cudc bao vd TTATXH. Muc dfch cluing ciia hoat
>ug QLNN cua Lit ca cac co quan Nha node la lilting nliA't. Nlurng nidi co quan

115 mrdc cd muc dfch hoat ddng ridng dirge quy dinh trong phap luAt. Vf du,

uc tidu ciia hoat ddng CSND la thdng qua hoat ddng ciia minh bao dam cdng
mg xa hdi, thirc hidn cdng ly, xu phat nhung ca nhAn, td clitic vi pham phap

At, bao dam phap chd' va ky cirong xa hdi, bao vd Igi fell ciia Nha mrdc, tir do.
lydn va Igi fch hgp phap ciia cdng dAn. Con muc dfch chung ciia boat ddng

LNN IA xAy dung mdt nude Vidt Nam giau manli, phtin vinh, ddc IAp, tir do,
nil pluic va dAn clui.
NliiCm vu ciia QLNN cd thd’ goi la muc dfch nlurng la cai dfch cu the’ cAn

I dirge vdi nhung ndi dung cu (lid’ dirge vacli ra tirong ling vdi quan ly cac

anh, linh virc cu tliti, cac doi lirong cu did. Nhir vAy, dd' dal dirge muc dfch
an ly nay, phai thirc liidn nhidu nliidni vu khac nhau d nhidu cAp dd khac


ihau. Nhidm vu QLNN vd TTATXH cua cac co quan Nha nirdc cd thd phAn loai

hanh nhung nhidm vu co ban, ihirbng xuydn dirge quy dinh trong van ban phap

hint, va nhidm vu mang tinh lam thai, khdng cof ban, chi tdn tai trong lung giai
loan, thai didm nao do.

Cdc muc dfch v5 nhidm vu quan ly dat dirge 15 nhd cac chirc nAng quan

y, tire 15 cac loai hoat ddng quan ly. VI vAy, chuc nang QLNN vd TTATXH la
ihirong tidn thuc hidn nhidm vu quan ly Nha nude ve TTATXH.

Quan ly Nh5 nude vd TTATXH co cac clurc nang chung ca ban san dAy:
+ Chirc mint
*
dif han: la sir phan (loan trade trdn ca so cac Ihdng tin chfnh


)hat. tridn hoac kd't qua phat. trid’n cua cac str kien, hidn tirgng qua trlnli trong
■inh vuc TTATXH. Qua trinh phat tridn cd the dan gian, nhung co thd rA't phirc

ip, theo nhidu phirang an nhA't. la trong didu kidn xa hdi hidn dai. VI vAy, dir
wo ng5y c5ng chid'm vai trd quan trong. ThiC'u nd, khdng the xac dinh dirge
rang thai tirang lai ciia cac hidn tugng nhir tdi pham, td nan xa hdi, vi pham

’hap luAt...
4- Clu'd:

ke houcli hod : 15 xac dinh muc tidu v5 nhidm vu cu thd nhir

e: ty Id, td'c dd, phuang hirdng va cac chi tidu vd sd' lugng va chA't Iirgng cu the’
ua sir phat tridn cac qua trlnli phong cjid'ng tdi pham, Id nan xa hdi, trAt tir an
>an giao thdng, cif tru, di Ini. chay nd... xac dinh con ngirdi va phirang tidu dd’

lire hidn muc tidu v5 nhidm vu do.

4- Clu'd' nnutf td clu'd1’. 15 hoat ddng nham lao lAp hd Ihdng quan ly va bi
uan ly. Td chirc 15 boat dong thanh lAp, sal nhAp, giai Ihd’, hop nhA't, tach cac

on vi phAn dinh chirc nang, quydn va nghTa vu cua' chung xac dinh cac quan hd
ua lai, ca effu cua cac co quan, dan vi, bidn chd', lira chon vA sAp xd'p can bd,
Ip phirang tidn vAt chA't - tai chfnh nhAm bao vd TTATXH.


+ Dieu chinh: la cliirc nAng cd muc dfch lliid'l lap chd dd cho boat ddng
bao vd TTATXH ma khdng tac ddng litre lidp dd'n noi dung boat ddng. Nd dirqc

thirc liidn bang vide ban hanh cac vAn ban quy pham.
+ Lanh doo'. ndi mdt cachchiing nhAL la cliirc nang dinli hirdng cbo boat

ilong quan. I#, xac dinli each xir str ciia doi luqng bi quan ly llidng qua lilnli llu'rc
ban hanh cac chu trirong, dirdng Id'i cd tinh chAl chidn Itrqc trong linh virc

TTATXH.

4- Chita ndng dieu hanh: 1A boat ddng chi dao titre tid'p hanh vi cua d<5i
1

,

lirong bi quan 1^ thdng qua vide ban hAnh cac quyd't dinli ca bidt - cu thd cd tinh
chtft tac nghidp trong lTnh vuc TTATXH.
1

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4- Clute ndng phoi hop boat dong ridng re cua timg ngudi, co quan, to
cliirc third hanh dd thuc hidn cac nhidm vu (con goi IA. cliirc nflng didu hoA) bao
vd TTATXH. Trong didu kidn khoa hoc - ky tliuAt phat tridn, qua trlnh chuydn

mdn hoa sAu sAc thl tdi pham, td nan xa hdi ngAy cAng phat tricn tlieo xu hirdng

xuydn qud'c gia, qudc td hoa, nhidu qua trlnli TTATXH didn ra ddng tlidi vdi xu

hirdng ngAy cAng xuA't hidn nhidu vAn dd phai giai quyd't tlieo quan diem long
th£ thl hoat ddng didu hoA - phd'i hop cAng cd y nghTa quan trong. Th id'll boat
..it

ddng nAy, qua trlnh chuydn mdn hoa se dem lai hAu qua bA't Iqi, lAm tang benh
giA'y td quan lidu, cue bd.
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4- Klein tea vdi tu each 1A mdt cliirc nAng QLNN vd TTATXH co nghTa IA
xac dinli xem thuc td' boat ddng cua doi luqng bi quan ly phu hop hay khdng

phu hop vdi trang thai dinli trirdc. No cho phdp phat hidn vA loai bd cAc Ideh lac
co th£ cd ci’ia dd'i tirqng bi quail 1^, lioac chinli ly lai cac quyd't dinli da ban hAnh

Inrdc dAy cho phu hop thirc td' va ydu cAu nhidm vu QLNN vd TTATXH..
Kid’m tra lidn quan chat che vdi cliirc nang thong ke, kiem ke, thong-ke

hinh sifvS tdi pham, td nan xa hdi, cac vi pham TTATXH.


24

nang khac, va ngirqc lai. Thi du, kd hoach hoa boat dong kiCm Ira, didu chinh

cdna lac id chirc, didu hoa plidi hop hoai dong kd.hoach, kidin Ira cdng lac dir
t

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bao didu hhnh, v.v... Tfnh hd thdng nay xuA't phat. tir tfnh thdng nhA't cua cac
r *'■ ’
'
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I' ’

nhidm vu va muc dfch chung cua QLNN vd TTATXH.
.
Nhir vAy, xem xet QLNN vd TTATXH b hang (hai vAn ddng thl co cA'u
cua no bao gdm cac ydu td muc dfch, nhidm vu, chirc nang, ph iron g phap quan

ly. Muc dfch, nhidm vu, chirc nang, phirong phap quan ly tao lhanh ndi dung
cua quan ly, va ndi dung do dirqc thd hien trong nhung hlnh thirc khac nhau:

Hlnh thirc td chirc - cocA'u, hlnh thuc thu tuc (trliih tir boat dong) va hlnh thirc

bieu hien bdn ngoai cua cac hoat ddng quan If cu thd.
Tom lai, QLNN bAng phap luAt vd TfATXH la hoat ddng chA'p hanh va
didu hanh cua cac co quan Nha nude ViOt Nam (hoac cac td chirc xa hdi diroc
Nha nirdc uy quydn) tidn hanh trdn co sb phap- luAt va dd thi hanh phap luAt
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nhAm thirc hiCn trong cube sdng hang ngay chirc nang cua Nha nirdc bao vd
TTATXH

Phap l£nh lire lirqng CSND Vidt Nam quy dinh: Lire lirqng CSND la lire

luqng nong cdt.cua Nha nirdc trong sir nghiep bao vd TTATXH. Lire lirqng

CSND la mot bd phAn cua bd may bao vd phap luAt . Hoat dong cua CSND
khdng chi phai tiiAn thu phap luAt ma chfnh la sir dung phap In At dd quan ly cac

mat khac nhau (hudc pham trii TTATXH .Trong pham vi chirc nang cua mlnh,
Lire lirqng CSND co nhidm vu phdng ngira, dA'u lianh chd'ng Idi pham va cac vi

pham vd TTATXH nham bao vd elide J^d'ng lir do, hanh phuc, lao ddng hoa blnh

bao dam hoat ddng blnh (hirdng cua cac co quan Nha nirdc, Id chirc xa hdi; bao

vd chd dd kinh td, sb hurt XHCN. Nguydn tac phap chd XHCN ddi hoi cac lire


25

luong CSND phai khdng ngirng hoan thidn phuong phap hoat ddng thirc ti£n cua
lift

mlnh trdn co so nhirng quy dinh cua phap luAt.
Tir do suy ra QLNN bang phap luat ve TTATXH trong boat dring ciia life
hcang CSND Id boat dring chap hanh vd didu hanh ciia luc lining CSND Viet

nani dtfoc to chuc vd hoat tiring tren ca xd phap luat vd bang phap luat cua
I /V//u nude CHXHCN Viet, nani tren ITnh vice bao ve TTATXH.
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*

1.1.2. Noi dung vd nhung dac trung co ban cua QLNN bang phap luat ve
TTATXH noi chung vd trong hoat dong cua luc luong CSND ndi
rieng.

* Ndi dung QLNN bang phap luat ve TTATXH:
A1?

Nghi qd'yd't cua Hdi nghi ldn thir VIII BCHTLT Dang CSVN khoa VII vd

" Tidp tuc xay dimg vA hoAn thidn NhA nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam, trong tAm IA

cai each mdt. birdc ndn hanh chinh” da khAng dinh Nha nirdc QLXH bAng phap
luat, theo phap luat - dd IA co sd chu ydu didu chinh cAc quan hd xa hdi co ban;
gitra cdng dan vdi cdng dan, giira cdng dan vdi NhA nirdc, gifra Nha nirdc vdi
I

cAc td chirc xa hoi... Ban than Nha nirdc cung dupe td chirc vA hoat ddng trong
khudn khd quy dinh cua phAp luat.
Trong bAi phAt bidu tai Dai hdi Dai bidu Dang bd Cdng an Trung irong

I

ngAy 2 thang 5 nam 1996, ddng chf Dd Modi, Tong bf thir Dang CSVN da chi
ro " Tidp tuc ddi mdi va tang cirdng lion inra QLNN vd An ninh, trat tir; kha’n
tnrong khac phuc nhirng so hd, ydu kern vd quan ty; ban hanh ddng bd phap luat

vA cAc chfnh sAch; tAng cirdng quan ly hanh chfnh vd

TTATXH”. Do dd,

QLNN vd TTATXH bao gdm QLNN vd phdng chdng tdi pham; phong chong
td nan xa hdi; trat tu xa hdi; trat. tu an toAn giao thdng; trat tir dd thi; trat tir cdng

cdng; phong chay chfra chAy; giAo due vA cai tao pham nhan, duoc cAu thAnh

tdng thd ndn trat tu an to An xa hdi,
x......... • .

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