BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

TRUNG TAM KHOA HOC XA HOI
VA NHAN VAN QUOC GIA

VIEN NGHIEN CUV NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT
HA THI MAI HIEN

QUY£N SO HUU CUA CONG DAN 0 VIET NAM
Chuyen nganli: Luat kinh te, nhicng van de trong tai
Ma so: 5.05.15

LU AN AN PTS KHOA HOC LUAT HOC

Ngirai hirdng din khoa hoc: PGS. TS. Luat hoc
DAO TRI UC
VlfiN TRUONG VIEN NC NHA NUtfC VA PHAP LUAT
TT TT-Thu- vi$n DH Lu$t TP.HCM
llllllllllllllllllllllllllll

A 2 2 2 1 0006308

HA NOI, 1996


LOl CAM DOAN

Toi sin cam doan day Id cong trinh nghien cu'u cua ricng toi. Cdc kct
qua neu trong Latin an Id triuig thu'c vd chu'a dicoc at cong bd trong bat ky
cong truth ndo k/itic.

Tdc gid

Ila Thi Mai llien
H ■.


MUC LUC
Trang
LOI MO DAU

1

CHUONG I: NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE
QUYEN SO HUU CUA CONG DAN

9

1.1. Nhan thuc luan ve che do so huu.

9

va quy£n so hiru cua cong dan.

1.2. Quy£n so huu va cac hinh thuc phap luat

29

cua viec chi£m huu

1.3. Noi ham quyen so huu cua cdng d4n


46

CHUONG 2: NOI DUNG QUYEN SO HUU CUA CONG DAN
TRONG PHAP LUAT VIET NAM.

59

2.1. Quven so huu cua cong dan trong qua trinh di6u

chinh phap luat cac quan he so huu 6 Viet Nam.
2.2. Cac hinh thuc phap ly cua viec thuc hien quyen so huu
cua cong dan theo phap luat hien hanh.

59

97

CHUONG 3: VAN DE BAO VE QUYEN SC5 HUU CUA CONG DAN
VA HOAN'THIEN PHAP LUAT VE QUYEN SO HUU

CUA CONG DAN TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY

3.1. Bao ve quy6n so huu cua cong dan.

1_

127

3.2. Van d£ hoan thien phap luat ve quyen so huu


cua cong dan.
KETLUAN

Phan phu Luc

Danh muc tai lieu tham khao.

140
154


1

md ©flu
1. Tinh ctfp thidt cua (16 tai .
Sd huu IA nOi dung inau chdt cua ch£ dd kinh t£, ddng vai tro quail trong
trong vide thuc day hoAc kim ham sir phdt tridn kinh t£ cua mOt qudc gia. Lich
sir da chiing minh rang tuang ung vdi nidt kidu sd hiru, mOt hlnli thai set hCru
nhtft dinh, m6t quan hd san xutft nha't dinh 1A mdt phuang thuc san xua't,mdt

hlnh thdi kinh td' xa hdi nha't dinh. MAt khde, gifra trinh dO phdt tridn cua lire
luqng san xutft vA mire do dan chu hod ddi sO'ng xa hOi vdi mire dO xdc nlidn
quydn sd hull vd quydn tu do kinh doanh cua edng dan cd mdi lidn hd hCru co

vdi nhau. Chfnh vl vay quydn sd hiru luOn Id chd' dinh trung tarn cua hd thO'ng
phAp luat trong nidi qudc gia.

U nude ta vd'n dd quydn sd hiru cua cOng dan luOn luOn duqc quan tain.
Ngay lit Hidh phAp 1946, Hidn phdp dAu tidn cua nude ta , Nhd nude da cd quy

dinh vd sd huu vd khang dinh: "Quydn tu huu tdi san cua edng dan Vidt Nam

duqc bao dam" (Didu 12). CAc Hidn plidp vd cdc van ban phAp luat tid'p theo da
bd sung vd hodn tliidn cAc quy dinh ciia Nhd nude vd quydn sd huu ndi cliung

vd vd quydn sd huu cua edng dan ndi ridng.

Chug vdi vide thuc hidn chu tiirong d6i mdi, quydn so hiru cua edng dan

edng duqc quan tarn hen. Vide thuc hidn ydu can da dang hoa cAc hlnli tlurc sd

huu phai giir virng ti'nli dinh hirdng xa hdi chii nghTa. Didu dd duqc quy dinh

trong Hidn phAp 1992 "Co cA'u kinh td nhidu thAnli phfin vdi cAc hlnh thuc 16
chuc san xuflt, kinh doanh da dang dura trdn chd dO sd huu toan dan, sd huu tap

thd, sd huu tu nhan, trong dd sd huu loan dan vA sd huu tap thd 1A ndn lang"
(Di6u 15).


2

Tuy nhidn, dC time hien dirge quy dinh dd ciia Hien phap, de sb him trd

edng bang va van minh chiing ta vA'p phai khdng it khd khan.
Thur nhA't, chung ta da trai qua mdt thdi gian dai thich nghi vdi chii
tnrong tuyCt ddi hod vai trd "edng hum". Nay cAn tao ra dupe nhAn thuc ddy dii

vC vai trd cua cdc hinh thirc sb hiru, ma dac biCt la vai tro cua sb hum ter nhAn,
quyCn sb hum cua edng dan la ca mdt cudc each mang, mdt sir ddi mdi tir duy.


Thfr hai, edn nghiCn ctru xdc dinh cdc khai niem va nhirng vAn dd ly

luAn, thirc tibn liCn quan dCn quyCn sb hum, cdc lmnh thirc thirc hicn quyen sb
hum dac biCt la quyCn sb huu ciia edng dAn, klidi niem chira diroc dC cAp nhiCu

trong qud khu.

Thu ba, trong diCu kiCn phat tridn kinh IC hang hod, nhiCu thanh phAn

theo co chC' thi trubng, co sir quan ly ciia Nha nude , thco dinh hiromg xa hdi chu
nglma edn nghiCn ciru vach ra nhirng co sb khoa hoc dC tao ncn hanh lang phap
ly cho sir tbn tai va phat triCn ciia cdc hinh (hire sb hiru, dam bao dn dinh va

phat tribn kinh th, thirc hiCn edng nghiCp hod va hien dai hoa ddt nirbc. Trong

bd'i canh nhir vAy, dC tai "QuyCn sb him cua edng dAn b ViCt Nam" edng trb nCn

cAp thiCt edn dirge nghiCn cum dC dap ung nhu cdu ly luAn va thirc tiCn b nude ta.
I

2. Tinh hinh nghien ciru de tai.
VAn dC quyCn sb hum diroc quan tAm hang ddu trong nhumg nam ddu ciia

edng cudc ddi mdi b nude ta. Thdi ky do cdc nha khoa hoc kinh IC’, LriCl hoc,
phap luAt ... deu tun each ly giai cho sir tdn tai ciia sb huu tir nhAn trong dicu
kiCn qud dd lCn chii nghTa xa hoi va vAn de mdi quan he giua che dd sb hum vdi
muc tiCu, ly tubng edng san chii nglma - NhiCu bai viC't, edng trinh vC sb huu



3

trong nbn san xuat hang hoa nhieu thanh phan di len chu nghla xa hoi b niroc

ta" (db tai cap bo cua Vien Nha nude va phap luat 1990); "Van de sb hu’u trong
qua trinh xAy dirng chu nghla xa hoi" cua Le Huu NghTa; "Sb huu xa hoi chu
nuhua dudi anil sang cua dong loi cai tb, doi moi" cua Le Ban Thach; "Co’ caii

sb hiru va co che kinh te - Nhung van db ly luan phap ly va there tibn b Viet

Nam" cua TrAn Trong Huu; "Ban vb quyen sb huu cua ho ca the" cua Le Hong
Hanh... da db cap nhibu khfa canh kinh te, phap ly cua sb huu.

nhan, Luat dA't dai, LuAt pha san doanh nghiep ... ra doi da giai quyet nhibu vAn

de thuc tibn vb sb huu.

Luc nay, van db noi len lai la co che phap ly noi tai, la nhung vAn db
mang tfnh phap ly dac trimg cua che do sb huu; Cac khai niem quyen sb huu vdi

quyen tai san, cac hinh thuc thuc hien quybn sb huu , nhAt la quyen sb huu Nha
nude (toan dAn). VAn db la phai cd mbt co che.thfch hop de dam bao vai tro chu
dao cua che do sb huu toan dan va sb huu tap thb trong nbn kinh te nhieu thanh
phan theo co che th i trubng khong phai chi la ti trong ma la hieu qua kinh tb va
sir tang trubng; Cung vdi viec soan thao Bo luat dan su, nhieu cong trinh, nhibu

cuoc hoi thao vb luat dAn su noi chung, vb quybn sb huu noi rieng da thu hut sir

tham gia cua nhibu nha nghien cuu - Cac cong trinh do da bit dAu di sAu vao
cac khfa canh phap ly cua van de quven sb huu: "Sb hiru va quybn tai san" cua


Tran Dinh Hao, "van de quyen sb huu theo luat dan su" cua Tien sT Dao Tri uc Trong pham vi Vien nghien cuu Nha nude va phap luat da tb clitic 3 cuoc hoi

thao, trong do cd ca Hoi thao qudc te mang tfnh chat hoc thu At ve phap luat dAn


4

sir; 3 ldn HOi thao gop y true tidp cho Dir thao BO luat dan sir. Tac gia ciing da
cd nhidu bao cao, cOng trinh khoa hoc vd quydn sd hiru.

Sau Luat Doanli nghidp Nha nude, BO luAt dan sir nude COng hoa xa hOi

Nhin chung cac cOng trinh khoa hoc vh cac van ban phap luat da phan
anh sir phdt tricn nha't dinh vd ly luan quydn so hiru d nude ta.Dd la co sd ly
luan vd thuc tidn cho vide tidp tuc nghien ciru trien khai dd tai quydn sd huu cua

cOng dan d ViOt Nam.
7

(J ngo4i nude: Trong nhung nude xa hOi chu nghla Dong Au trudc day,
quydn sd huu cua cOng dan duqc nghien cuu va giai quydt tren co sd quan nidm
vd mot ndn kinh 16' theo kidu hanh chfnh bao ca'p. Sau cai each, cai tO va dan

chu hoa, cd nhidu quan niem, nhieit each giai quydt khac nhau; nhidu chuydn de

vd sd huu nhu: "Quydn sd huu d LiOn Xo" (1990 bang tidng Nga). d Trung
QuO'c co nhidu tdc gia vdi nhidu cOng trinh nghiOn cuu khac nhau nhu "Ban vd

quy luat phuong hudng cai edeh chd dO sd huu Nha nude" cua Phung Khanh

Tuydn ; Tap san chuydn dd "Cai each kinh td d Trung Quoc".v.v.

0 cac nude tu ban iy luan vd quydn sd huu cung co nhung thay dOi dang
kd cac cOng trinh "Van dd sd hiru trong ly luan phap ly tu san" (Nam 1980);

Luat dan sir cua LiOn XO va cua nude ngoai (Nam 1989) v.v.. la nhung tai lieu

tham khao cd gia tri.


5

Jan, cAc hinh there (here liidn quybn sb huu cua cOng dAn, vai led, vi tri cua nd
trong nbn kinh t£ nude nhA.

DOng thoi, qua sir phAn tfch quA trinh dibu chinh phAp luAt cAc quail he

sb huu d nude ta, tAc gia cd nhung dAnh gfa , ket luAn vA kid'n nghi nliatn hoAn
thidn hC thdng phAp luAt vb quybn sb huu cua cOng dAn; dam bao quybn tir do,
dAn chu cua cA nhAn cOng dAn nham (hue hiOn tang trubng kinh te' gAn vdi muc

tieu dAu giAu, nude manh, xa hOi cOng bang van minh trong chAng derbng dAu
tidn cua thbi ky quA do.

Dd dat duqc muc dich do. luAn An dat ra nhidm vu:

- Lhm io khAi nidm, nOi hAm cua quydn sb huu noi chung , quybn sb
huu cua edng dAn ndi rieng. Tidn co sb nhung nhAn thuc mdi, trong hoAn canh

mdi, xAc dinh vi tri, vai (rd, ph am vi quybn sb huu cua edng dAn trong co cAu sb

huu cua nbn kinh te hAng hoA nhibu thAnh phAn theo co che' thi trubng cd sir
quan ly cua NhA nude theo dinh hudng xa hdi chu nglna.

- PhAn tfch quA trinh dibu chinh phAp luAt cAc quan he sb huu b nude ta
tu cAch mang (hAng TAm ddn nay; dAnh gid muc dd ghi nhAn quybn sb huu cua

cOng dAn trong he thdng phAp luAt tuong ung vdi cAc giai doan cAch mang b
nude ta.


6

vC mat phdp iy cdc hlnh thuc so huu do; chirng minh mdi quan lid bien chirng,
duy vflt lich sir gitra phdp luat vd kinh Id'.

- Lam ro cdc phuong thirc bao vd quydn so huu cua cong dan va trdn co
sb ddnh gid thirc (rang phap luat vd quydn sb huu cua edng dan b nude ta dd dd

xudt nhirng kid'n nghi cu thd hodn thidn phap ludt didu chinh quan hd sb huu
trong thdi ky qud dd Idn xa hdi chu nghTa b nude ta.

4. Gibi han cua luan an:
Dd tai luftn dn Id van dd rdng Idn vd phuc tap - Trong pham vi

ludn

dn Phb tidn sT, tdc gia tap trung nghidn ciru mdt s6 vdn dd mang tinh clidt khdi
nidm chung, co sb phuong phdp ludn ciia quydn sb huu va quydn sb huu cua

edng dan; Tir db di sAu phdn tich ndi dung quydn sb huu ciia edng dan theo

phdp luat hidn hdnh vd cdc hlnh thirc (hire hien, bao vd quydn b huu do, vdn dd
dam bao quydn sb huu va quydn tu do kinh doanh ciia edng dan trong co chd" thi
trubng theo dinh hirbng xa hdi chii nghTa.
I

5. Phuong phap nghien curu va co sb ly luan.
Dd nghidn ciru va giai quydt cac vdn dd dat ra trong luan dn, tdc gia da
sir dung nhidu phuong phap, nhirng bao triim la phuong ,phap bidn chirng duy

vat va lich sir, trdn co sb If luan Chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin vd tu tubng Hd Chi
Minh. Cdc van kidn cua Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam. cdc van ban phdp ludt, cdc
edng trinh nghidn ciru trong vd ngoai nude la co sb ly ludn quan trong dd tdc gia

thirc hidn dd tai nghidn cuu.

Ngoai ra tdc gia con sir dung cdc phuong phap , id gi'ch hlnh thirc phdn
Itch, so sdnh. phuong phap hd thong, lien sir, phuong phap xa hdi hoc va cdc

phuong phap khde, kd't hop ly ludn vdi thuc tidn dd giai quyct vdn de.


7

6. Cai mdi ve khoa hoc cua luan an.
Ld mOt cOng trinh chuyOn khao cd he thO'ng ddu tiOn vd quydn sd huu

cua cOng dAn d Viet Nam, luAn dn cd nhung didm moi sau dAy:

- Trinh bAy mOt cdch tOng qudt cdc vA'n dd iiCn quan dOh quydn sd huu


cua cOng dAn dudi gdc dO phdp 1^. TrOn co so khang dinh y nghla phuorng phdp
luAn cua chu nghla Mdc - L6nin vd mO'i quan he biOn chung giira phdp luAt vd so

hiru vdi cdc quan he sd huu khdch quan, mO'i lien he ph6 bie'n giua cdc su vAt

hien tuqng vd vd hinh‘thdi kinh id xa hOi, tdc gia da dua ra quan liiem phdp If
mdi vd quydn sd huu cua cOng dAn, nOi hdm cdc hlnh thirc thuc hidn cua nd

trong ndn kinh td hdng hod nhidu tlidnh phdn thco dinh lnrdng xa hOi chu nghla
d nude ta.

- TrOn co sd phAn tfch cdc didu kidn khdch quan, cac van ban phap luat,

thuc tidn dp dung vd tlii hdnh phdp luAt dd tdng kdt mOt cdch co he thO'ng qua
trinh didu chinh phap luAt cdc quan he sd huu d nude ta, tdc gia da 1dm id vi tri

vd vai trd quan trong cua quydn sd huu cua cOng dAn trong chd dO sd huu, che'

dO kinh t£ xa hOi chu nghla, dOng thbi giai quy61 mO'i quan he giua quydn tu do
kinh doanh vd sd huu tu nhAn vdi viOc dam bao tinh dinh lnrdng xa hOi chu

nghla trong vide xdc dinh chd dO sd huu; trong do ndn tang Id sd huu loan dAn
vd d huu tap thd.

- Xdc dinh cu the nOi hdm quydn sd huu cua cOng dAn dO'i vdi cdc tai san

trong cdc hlnh thuc phdp ly thuc hiOn quydn td cln'rc, quan 1£ san xuA't, phAn

phOi san phAm v,v,...



8

PhAn tfch inOt each khoa hoc lie tliOng cac phuong thuc bao vb quydn sb

huu va dC xuA't cac bibn phap chu yen hoan thiOn phap luAt vd quydn sb hern

cua ebng dAn trong giai doan hien nay.
7. V nghla ly luan va (hire lien cua luan an.

- TrAn co sb nhung khai nibm theo each tihp cAn moi, luAn tin gop phAn

lain ro lion nhung nbi dung co ban cua quydn sb huu noi chung, quydn sb huu
cua ebng dAn noi rieng; 15m mdri, pliong phu them co so luAn an vd sb huu va
quydn so huu. 'Prong chung muc nliA't dinh Ju An an 15 mbt ebng trinh tham
khao cho cac chuy6n gia, chuyfcn vien nghien ctru, giang day, sinh vien dai
hoc, cao hoc thubc cliuyen nganh luAt.

- Nhung dd xuA't, kiO'n nghi trong luAn an co the gop phAn tfch cue vao
vide hoan lliibii phap luAt vd so huu va quydn so huu cua ebng dAn trong thbi

ky qua db len chu nghla xa libi b nubc ta.

8- Ket cau cua Iu An an:
LuAn an gdin co : Lbi noi dAu.
Chuang 1: Nhung vAn dd ly luAn chung vd quydn sb huu.
Chuong 2: Nbi dung quydn sb huu cua ebng dAn trong phap luAt Viet

Nam.
Chuong 3: Bao ve quydn sb huu cua ebng dAn va vA'n dd hoan (hien

phap luAt vd quydn sb huu cua ebng dAn trong giai doan hien nay.

Ke'l luAn.
Danli muc tai lihu thain khao va phu luc.


au o\(, i
MIUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CIIUNG VE QUYfSN S() HUU
CUA CONG DAN

1.1. NIIAN TIIUC I.HAN VE CHE DO SO HUU VA QUYEN SO HUU

CUA CONG DAN

1.1.1. Vai trd cho ubc ciia kinh te - xa hoi ddi vdi phap luat vc sb
huu
Thue lien da cluing minh rang giu’a chc do sb huu va quycn sb huu ciia

ca nhan (cong dan) co mdi lien quan mat thicl vdi nhau. Mdi die do sb huu
tirong ting vdi mot nac lhang phat Irion ciia xa hoi loai ngudi - mol hlnh Lhai
kinh le - xa hoi. thich ling vdi mol phuong thiic san xual lilial dinh. Quyen so
huu ciia ca nhan trong xa hoi. mol bp phan cau lhanh ciia chc do sb huu dupe

phap luat ghi nhan phu lliudc vad miic do va trinh dp phat tricn cua xa hoi.
Theo quan diem ciia clui nghTa Mac - Le nin. sb huu iruoc he! mang

dac 111 ill xa hoi va can phai phan bicl sb huu nlnr mdi quan lie san xufil va so'

huu nhu' mol quan lie Iti' lubng - phap lual. V.l.Lenin da ndi: "Cue quan he xa


hoi phan ra lhanh cac quan lie vAl chat va cac quan he tu' lubng. Cac quan he

tir lubng chi la lliu'png tang kicii true Iren nlnrng quan he vat chat da dupe
hinli lhanh ngoai y chi va y thiic ciia con ngudi la hlnh I litre boat dong cua
con ngudi nil am duv tri sir ton tai ciia con ngudi. Sir ly giai cac hlnh thirc

chinh hi - phap ly efin pliai lay tir irong cac quan he v(u chA’t ciia ddi song
hang ngay.'Tzsi

Lieu do ndi len vai irb die ubc ciia kinh te - xa hdi ddi vdi phap lual vc

so him.


10

Mai khac, dac tinh lich sir cua quan hd kinh td - xa hoi duqc xac dinh
bdi vice chinh ai, giai cap nao chi 6m huu cho rninh tu lieu san xuat va san

phdm lao dOng, con giai cap nao bi loai ra khoi sir chi dm huu do. Lqi (ch giai
dtp duqc bicu hidn trong do, la khia canh quan trong nhal cua quan he kinh te
v6 sd huu. Loi fell giai cap dd, theo ban chat cua minh, la Iqi fell kinh td, nut

trong xa hoi co giai cap duqc phap luAl bao vd. Trong xa hdi phong kicn, tu
lieu san xuat duqc sir dung vi lqi ich cua quy tdc phong kid'n, trong xa hoi xa

hoi chu nghla vi lqi fell cua nhftn dAn lao dong. Chinh vi the cac quan he xa

hOi phat sinh giua ngudi vdi ngudi trong qua trinh san xiifl'l trong vice chiO'in


huu tu lidu san xuat va san phdm lao dOng phu thuOc vao mdt hlnh thu’e xa hdi

nhift dinh luOn mang ban chtit giai cAp tuong Ung vdi hlnh thuc dd; do dd co
sir khac nhau giua quan he san xuA't (quan hd sd huu) giua cac che dO xa hOi

khac nhau. Trong "Tuyen ngon cua Dang cOng san, C.Mac va Ph.Ang Ghen

da chi Hing: moi quan he so huu deu phai chiu sir thay the lien luc co tinh chA't
lich sir, mOt su thay doi thudng xuydn.Vl vAy, lham vong de dua ra mOt dinh
nghla vd sd huu nhu mdl quan he doe lAp, mdt pham iru rieng bict, nhu mdl tu

ludng trim tuqng va vlnh cuu cd nghla la bi roi vao ao tudng phap ly hoac

sidu hlnh.|6i
Nhu vAy, chi cd nghidn cuu cac quan hd san xuiit trong thuc tai lich sir
moi cd the giai thich mot each khoa hoc van de sd huu. Sd huu phat sinh nhu
mdl quan he kinh te, nhu mot bd phan cA'u thanh ciia ha tdng co sd ma tren do

va bang chinh nd, sd huu duqc tao ndn va duqc xac dinh nhu mOt quan he
phap luat.
Quydn sd huu la mol che dinh phap luat luon phan anh quan he kinh te
nhal dinh trong lich sir. Sir phAn lich cd tinh Jy luan khai niem sd huu vdi \

nghla phap luAl khong the’ han che bdi sir giai thich van ban phap luAl. Trong
khi phan tfch cac quan he phap luat vd sd huu can phai chi ra tinh quy dinh v<


11

kinh le va xa hoi cac quan he dd va lir dd kcl hop vdi so' huu vdi y nghla la

mol pham irii kinh le dong llidi chi ra sir khac bicl giu'a quan he phap lual vc

sd huu va quan he kinh le vc sd huu.
Khac vdi cac quan he kinh le ve sd liu'u, cac quan he phap lual ve sd
huu dupe lao thanh phu ihudc vao y chi’ cua con ngu'di, dirpc phai sinh bdi y

chi va y ihiic cua nhung ngu'di lham gia cac quan he dd. Mac du cac quan he

phap lual ve sd huu vc ban chai phan anh cac quan he kinh le ve sd huu,

chiineu. ciliieu nhu moi
• hien
• urone
• v. xa hoi
• khac ihudc
• ihu'one
• s— lane kicn true Ion

lai mol each lirong doi doc lap. Tuy nhicn khdng lhe cho rang quan he phap
lual ve sd huu la ket qua cua y chi lir do hoan loan. Nhung quan diem nhu* vay
sc la sir bieu hien cua y chi luan la dac linh cua each liep can Irai vdi chu

nghla Mac ve van dd so huu va quyen sd huu. 'Prong I hire te quan he phap lual
I

vc sd huu cung dupe quy dinh bdi cac dicu kicn vai chai cua mdi xa hoi irong

mdi giai doan phai Iricn nhal dinh.

Le lai nhicn. quan he phap lual ve sd hii'ii cung nhu quan he kinh le sd


huu gan lien vdi nhung vai dung cu lhe, sd huu chu cd quyen su' dung va dinh

lien vdi nhung vai dfi xac dinh cu lhe. Vice xem xel hoi hoi cac quan he so

huu dan idi y ludng cho rang quyen sd huu chi lien quan den khfa canh vai

quyen ay hoac chinh khfa canh vat quyen ay chicm u'u lhe irong cac quan he

dd.
Vice kham pha ra ban chai cua qua irinh chicm huu la mdi irong nhung

cong hieii vl dai nhal cua Cac Mac. Ong da chi ra rang: "van de la d quan he

Vl hoi ma chi be ngoai mang hinh ihiic la quan he vai quyen". Ong cling da

eiai quyci mdi quan he sd huu vdi y nghla kinh Ic va quven'so' hiru kcl hop
\oi vice phan licii bu'dc chuycn lir "hang hoa - lien - hang hoa" chii’c nang cua
M) him chu irone su van done kinh le cua vai. One nhan manh: de mdi vai nav


hay mol vai khtic cd the ird lhanh hang boa phu lliudc vao y chi cua ngudi san
xual ra vai, dinh doal nd. Ho pluii edng nhan lan nhau la so' huu chu cac lai
san do. Do la quan lie phap lual ma hinh thiic cua nd la hop dong, ma bat kc

in') dupe quy dinh trong lual hay khong llTi do la quan lie y chi' ma trong do
phan anil quan lie kinh le. Ndi dung cua quan lie phap lual. quan lie v chi' do

dupe xac dinh hoi quan lie kinh lei-ii Nhu' vay, cac quan he xa hoi dd khong


ph;ii cd ngudii gdc Lir y chi' ciia nhirng ngudi lliain gia cac quan he phap luat

cu the ma lir cac quail lie kinh le, ncn tang quyci dinh ndi dung ciia cac quan

he phap lual. Vi vay khong lhe xcm xcl va nghien emu mol each iriru lupng
ddi vdi sd huu ma ludn ludn phai xcm xcl nipt each cu lhe ddi vdi moi quan

lie kinh le - xa hdi da xac dinh.

Luan diem vc sir chc udc cua kinh le ddi vdi quan lie phap lual vc sd
huu la co so ly luan vCing clitic de dua ra kliai niem cluing vc quyen sd huu

cho moi hinh lhai xa hoi. Trude day nha dan sir hoc Xd vie! ndi liciig Venlic-di'ch-ldp da dim ra mdi kliai niem quyen sd luru va dupe edng nhan rpng

rai irong khoa hoc phap ly xa hdi chii nghTa. 'I'heo dug quven sd him vdi

nghTa chii quan la quven ciia mol ca lhe hay lap lhe (xa hdi) sir dung lu' lieu
san xual va san phani lao dong theo quycn han va lpi ich ciia minh Iren co sd

va phu hop vdi lie llidiig cac quan lie giai cap thong iri trong xa hdi. Tuv

■ ihrcn. dug cho rang quycn sd huu tru'dc het la chc dinh lual llieo nghTa khach

quan la long hop cac quy phalli phap lual vc sd huu lam co' sd cho quyen so
luru llieo nghTa chu quan la cac quven nting cua sd him chin mi Nhan llni'c dd

vc so' him lhe hicn quan diem lliii'a nhan quan lie phap lual vc sd huu la quan

lie xa hoi va cho iliay sir phan bicl giu'a quycn so' huu vdi cac hinh thiic phap
lual khtic cua sir chicin huu, Nd cimg cho thtiv dac linli giai cap cua cac hinh

1 iuc so imu khtic nhau va Iren co' sd dd giai lln'ch rd sir kiltie nhau vc ban chat
giiia phuong time chicni him lu ban chu ngliia va xa hoi chu nghTa.


Nhung nguycn ly co’ ban cua chu nghla Mac-Lenin vc sb huu va quycn

sb huu cd v nghla lo Ion cho boat dong ly luan va ihuc lien. Moi sir bicn dbi
irone nhung nam qua Iren pham vi loan the gidi da cluing lo sir dung dan vc
nial ph irong phap luan cua chu nghla Mac. Sir phai Irion cua lire luong san
xuat la co1 sb cho moi sir bicn dbi tlnch ling cua quan lie san xuat ma truoc het
la cac quan lie sb huu. Cac quan he phap luat vc sb liiru la hlnh thuc phan anh

nbi dung kinh tc cua sb huu. O dan, hie nao ma cac quan lie san xuat, quan he

sb him duuc phan anh khbng dung, dan toi khbng phu hop vdi trinh do va
mire do phai tridn cua lire luong san xuat sc kirn ham lire luong san xuat phat

irien. Sir phan anh khbng dung dan do sc dAn den mau liman, dan den killing
hoiing va nguy co do vd cua mol mb hlnh Irong bicn lliu’c xa hoi.

1.1.2.Che do sb hfm xa bdi elm nghui va quven sb him cim com*

dan.
Dane va Nha nude la luon lien dinh con dirbne di len chu neiiTa xa hoi,
lay Chu nghla mac Le nin lam non lang lir luong kim chi nam cho moi liiinh

dong, cho d irong loi xay dung va phat irien xa hoi.

Neu nliir irong* tac pham Tuyen ngbn cua Dang Cong san, C.Mac va Ph.


Angghen da de cap den each mang xa hoi chu nghla va vice xoa bo die do lir
him. ihl trong tac pham Ngubn gbc cua gia.dinh cua die do tir him va cua Nha

imdc, Aug glicn da nhau dinh: "Tir inro’c loi nay. lai ca moi cube each mane
den la nhung cube each mang niiam bao lib mbl loai die do sb huu nav chbiig
Im mbl loai die do so huu khac. Nhung cube each mang do khbng the bao lib

die db so huu nay mil lai khbng lam lliicl hai den loai die do so’ hull kia."n;
Mai khac. cac bug da chi ra rang: "Thu lieu die do nr him la mol each
11(11 van lai nhal \a long qua! nhal vc vice cai lao loan bo die do xa iioi". ;sj


r

14

De' ini loi cau hoi: Lieu co the thu lieu che dd lu him ngav lap lire dupe
khdng ? cac dug da nhan manh: "Khdng, khdng the dupe. cung y nhu' khdng

the lain cho lire lupng san xual hien cd lang Idn ngav lap tire den mile can
lliiel de xay dung mol non kinh le edng huu. Cudc each mang cua giai cap vd

san... sc chi cd lhe cai lao xa hoi hien nay mdi each dan dan. va chi khi nao da
lao ncn dupe mdi khdi lupng lu' lieu san xual can lliiel cho vice cai lao dd ihi
khi ay mdi ihu lieu dupe che dd lu’ hu’u". ixi

Tuy nhicn. cung nhu nhidu nude xa hoi chu nghla khac irudc dav, d

nude la mot ihdi gian dai sail each mang vide nhan Ihiic khdng day du. va vice
van dung mdt each may moc nhung nguycn ly cua chu nghla Mac - Le nin


irong du'dng Idi phai irien kinh le da dan den nhung sai lain, lech lac khi giai
quycl van de sd huu va quyen sd huu. Chung la da lung nghl ring vice luycn

bo va xoa bo sd huu lu’ nhan. ihicl lap che dd edng hu’u vdi hai hinh ihiic co
ban la sd huu Nha nude va sd huu lap the la cd lhe xoa bo linh I rang ngu’di

hoc ldl ngu’di, la cd hinh ding, cd chu nghla xa bdi. Can benh chu quan. duy y
chi' dd mdi phan cung do lac dong lu cac didu kicn rap khudn giao dicu theo
md hinh cua Lien Xd va mdi so nude xa bdi chu nghla irudc day. Thuc le.

chung la chua cd dicu kicn de nghien cuu, va ihdi gian du de van dung mdi
each dung dan cac nguycn ly cua chu nghla Mae-Lenin vao hoan canh cu lhe

o nude la irong phai Irien kinh te. trong vice giai quycl van dd sd hu’u.

Khi ndi vd linh lai ycu. didu kicn va kcl qua cua vice xoa bo sd huu lu’

nhan. C.Mac da ndi: "Quy dinh sir chicm huu dd ihi irudc het la doi lupng can
chicm huu. d day la nhung lire lupng san xual Via phai irien thanh mol Icing
lhe... va chi ion lai irong khudn khd cua su' giao liep pho bicn... Ngoai ra. quv

dinh su chicin huu. con la phuong ihii'c thuc hien sir chicm huu. Su chicm him
chi co the dupe I lure hien bang sir lien hop, mol su lien hop bill budc Iro thanh
pho bicn vi linh chat cua ban than giai cap vd san. va bang mdi cudc each


mang. trong do tndl mat, the lire cua phuong thirc san xual va cua sir giao liep

cua giai cap vd san va nghi lire ma giai cap vd san can cd de lime hicn sir

chicin huu ay da phai irien va cudi cimg giai cap vd san trill hd diroc moi cai
roi rdl lai lir ilia vi xa hdi cu cua minh.
Chi tdi giai doan do thl sir tir minh boat dong mdi an khdp vdi ddi song

vai chai, dieu dd t trong ling vdi str phai irien cua cac ca nhan lhanh nhirng ca
nhan hoan chinh... Nhirng ca nluTn lien hop ma chidin huu long lhe nhii'ng lire

lupng san xual thl chc dd lir huu cung bi thii licu".ni

Nhu' v'Ay. sd him tir nhan bi xoa bo la tai yeii, do sir phat Irien cua lire

lupng san xual quyci dinh. Nhirng sd him tir nhan "lir phu dinh" minh Iren co'

sd nd da dupe phai Irien den mile dd "tir virpl qua minh" Iirong ling vdi sir
pluii Irien ciia cac ca nhan thanli nhirng ca nluin hoan chinh de cd tir each la

"nhirng ca nhan lien hop" ma chicin him tdng the nhirng lire lupng san xual xa

hdi.
dong kei rut kinh nghiem ciia may clitic nam xay dung va phat Irien
kinh te d nude la, Dai hdi lan thii VI Dang edng san Viet Nam (12-1986) da

rut ra nhicu bai hoc quy gia. Mdt trong nhirng bai hoc quan trong la pluii ludn

ludn xual phat lir thuc te, ton trong va hanh dong theo quy lual kluich quan.
ricu chuiin de danh gia sir vfm dung diing dan cac quy luat. thong qua chii
irirong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude dupe bicu hicn cu th6 biing sir phat
irien lanli manh ciia san xual va ddi song ciia xa hdi.

Dai hdi lfin thii’ VI ( 12/1986) ciia Dang edng san Viet Nam la mdi budc


ngoai quan Irong killing dinh chii truong pluii Irien ncn kinh te hang hoa
nhicu lhanh phan llieo co chcthi irudng cd suquan ly ciia Nha nude theo dinh

hirong xa hoi chii nghTa. Co'can kinh le nhicu lhanh phan vdi da dang hoa cac


16

liinh ihiic so’ hiiu la du’bng loi dbi moi quan irong lam co' so’ cho vice xay

dung moi co’ che llrich hop dicu chinh phap lual cac quan lie so’ huu o nude la.

Gung nhu’ nhicu nude xa hoi chu nghla I rude dav. irong nhung nam dan
lien lianh cai each kinh le cac bicn phap chu yen da dupe ap dung la "phan
quycn'’va "tang cu’d’ng quan lam den loi fell val chai", la "don gian hoa bp

may va Irao nhicu quycn lion nua cho cac kliiiu co’ sb"."nhubng lqi nhuan".

v.v... Nhung giai phap dd Irong mot thd'i gian nhal dinh da dong vai irb cua lie

thong kinh le cu du’a lai, phan nao da dbng vien, khuycn khtch tinh tfch cue
cua quan chung. Tuy nhicu cac giai phap dd khbng the lao ncn co’ die kinh le

dam bao cho lie thong kinh tc van lianh bn dinh va nhip nliang duqc. Vi viiy.

cac nha khoa hoc killing dinh rang can phai chuycn irong lam ciia cube cai
I

each vao vice du’a cac quan he kinh le co’ ban vao lie nep. lao ncn thi Irubng

hang hoa luong dbi bn dinh va hmh lhanh co' die kinh doanh moi. Co die dd
la mbl lie thong huu co bao gom 3 nlian lb dicu lie! thi trubng cho phu hop

vdi cac nine lieu va lqi fell cua loan xa hoi, cu the la: nhung ngubi san xual
hang hoa doe lap (khbng nhung chi cd nha nude, lap the ma ca nhung ca

nlian): thi Irubng canh Iranh plidi hop lianh dong cua nhung ngubi san xual
hang hoa; Nha nude vdi lie Ihdng dicu liei ciia nd.

De cd nliu’ng ngubi san xual hang hoa doe lap, vice cai each die do sb
hiiu da duqc dal ra va irb lhanh trung lam cua cube dbi moi kinh le.
Phan dong cac nha lual hoc va kinh le - climb tri hoc dcu cho rang cai

each die do sb huu la bo phan quan Irong ciia dbi moi kinh le. irong dd quan
irong lion ca la cai each die do sb hiru loan dan. Cling vdi vice sap xcp lai quy
uio so hiiu loan dan vii so' hiiu lap the cho phu hop. xac dinh va dicu chinh

pham vi. niii'c do cua cac loai hlnli so hiiu dung vdi ihuc Irang cua cluing
trong dd cd so hiiu diing vdi lliu’c irang cua chung irong dd co sb hiiu lu' nlian.
phan anh su nlian ihuc day du, diing dan lion quy lual kliiich quan ciia qua


17

u'mli pluil irien kinh le irong ihdi kv qua cio xav dung chu nghla xa hoi. Mai

kluic, sir hien doi, phai irien khdng iiguiig life lupng san xual kco lheo sir bicn
doi. phai irien cua ca noi dung va hinh ihiic sb huu. vi du nhu' sb huu iri luc.

sb him vdi nhung doi lupng sb him mdi: nhir cac mb le bao, gen v.v...).

Quan diem da dang hoa cac hinh ihiic sb huu du’pc bicn hien b hai khfa

canh: thu’ nhal la da dang hoa sb huu xcl lir gdc dd cac lhanh phan kinh te:

qubc doanh, lap lhe va lir nhan: ihii hai la sir da dang xcl vd hinh Ihiic ihirc
hien quyen sb him (bao gbm ca ph irong ihiic lb clitic quan ly, khai iliac lir lieu

san xual va thu lpi nliuaii, phuo'iig ihiic phan phdi). Cac nha kinh le cho rang

"ncu cac hinh ihiic Ihirc hien sb huu Irong khudn khd mol hinh lhai phap ly
ma khdng ihav doi cho phu hop vdi sir phai Irien cua lire lupng san xual ihi

cluing nhung quyen sb him bi xam pham ma lire lupng san xual cung bi kiin
ham hoac I riel licu".|47|

Giao su' kinh IC Le Xuan Tung nhan manh quan diem cua C.Mac cho
rang irong phani vi mol quan lie .san xual ihi linh chat cua sb huu quycl dinh

linh chai ciia quail ly va phan phdi. Nhung khdng ncn ciibng dieu hoa qua
mire vai lib cua die dp sb huu. Dd killing dinh vai Irb quan Irong cua cac hinh

ihiic ihirc hien quyen sb huu, giao sir cho rang bo qua hai yen lb quan ly va
phan phdi ihi vice lao lap che do sb huu mdi cluing qua lii hinh Ihiic. khdng cd
lac dung ihirc le. Vai irb cua quan he quiin ly va phan phdi la b ebb chung lam

cho quan hd sb huu lir did dupe ihii'a nhan v6 mal phap ly irb lhanh cd noi
dung (lure hien. dupe cam nhan rd rang va cu the’.i4xi

Cac nha lual hoc. Iren co' sb ihii'a nhan sir ton lai cac loai hinh sb liu'u da


dang irong nen kinh le nhieu lhanh phan nhir mdi quv lual kinh le khiicli quan
da de ra vice "can xac lap va ihirc hien die dinh quyen sb him phiic hop, da co

cau. nhieu cap do. Dd la che dinh phap lual diic irirng, nen mdng cua ncn kinh
L hang hoa nhieu lhanh phan".i27; Pho giao sir. Pho lien si lual hoe Tran
DAI HQG LUAT TP.HCM]

THUT VJEN

i

30


I rone Him cho riing: "Chc dinh phap lual nay xac lap va cimg cd khong chi

mill da dang cua cac hinh lliiic sd him, ma con ca imh pluic hop, nhicu cap do
cua cac elm die quydn sd huu. ciia ndn kinh te cung nhu ciia ban than mdi loai
hinh quven sd him... hinh lhanh va lime hicn nhung hinh thiic sd hiru lion hop.

pluic lap, phong phu do kdi qua ciia sir lien kdi hop lac nhung mat va llieo
nhicu chidu, nhicu each kliac nhau ciia cac chu lhe so’ huu kliac nhau irdng

qua irinli phai irien san xiiaL dam bao quydn tir do kinh le va quycn hinh dang
nude phap lual ciia chimg...".|2X|

Tircmg lu’ nlur vay pho lien si lual hoc Triln Dinh Hao cho rang "vide

xiiv dung mol chc dinh vd sd him Nha nude bao gdm he llidng cac chii lhe d
nhicu cap do la efin lliiel Irong didu kidn ciia ncn kinh te nhicu lhanh phan va


ddi mdi co chc quan Iv kinh te". iimi

'frail Thi Hoa Binh irong luan an Pho lien si ciia minh, de nghi phan
bicl quycn sd huu Nha nude ddi vdi xi nghidp va quydn sd huu phap nhan xi
nghidp ddi vdi lai san diroc giao.w
Cd lhe tong kdl quan diem ly luan vc quydn sd him d nude la irong

btrde chuyen lir kinh le lap irung sang ncn kinh le hang hoa nhicu lhanh phan
nhir sau:

- Nghidn cun va giai quyci vaii de sd huu trdn co sd phuong phap luan

ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin.
- Thu'a nhan da dang hoa cac hinh llnic sd him va cac hinh lluic lliu'c

hicn quyen sd him.

- ( ai each sd him loan dan (so' him Nha nude) theo liudng lima nhan
nhicu chu lhe nhicu cap do lliu'c hicn quycn sd him dd.
- lima nhan sir ion lai sd bun lu nhan nhu' mol quy lual khach quan

irong ihoi ky qua do len chu nghla xa hoi. Mdi mat. lliii'a nhan sir toil lai cua


19

so liu'u lu nhan. mal khac cac hoc gia cho rang phai lhay mal lieu cue cua nd
de' inn each han che, khfic ph uc. Giai lliich van de lien quan den phuong phap


luan cua C.Mac. Ph.AngGhcn v6 so' huu. cac hoc gia hoac vien dan rang

irong dicu kicn sir tach bicl ngu’di san xual khoi lu’ lieu san xual (sir lha hoa)
" hoac cho rangG- "su. ’ xoa bo I fell cue
. che' do• lir huu can phai diroc hidu la lain

cho ebng huu viron cao hon lu hu’u".i32i
- Quan diem ijiii’a nhan hinh ihiic sb huu hon hop, dan xcm

Nhin icing lhe, co the lhay ly luan v6 quyen sb hii’u Irong thbi ky dan
ciia "doi nidi" da co nhung buck plial irien dang kc so vdi iru'dc dfiy. Tuy

nhicn. cac luan diem mdi chi dung lai b mire do phan lich vc ph irong phap

luan nhung chu’a chon ven; chira di sail cu lhe vao cac khai niem phap ly, hinh
ihiic phap ly, ebn nham lan giii'a cac khai niem hinh Ihiic sb' huu vdi hinh ihiic

I hire hien quyen sb huu (hinh ihiic kinh le, kinh doanh).
Trong ihirc‘le hien nay, do nhu cau khach quan doi hoi, thu’e lien lap
phap va hanh phap vu'o’l irudc ly luan; trong nhibu trii’ong hop su ly giai chain

chap ciia ly luan cd anh hub'iig khdng nhb den sir phai irien cua phap lual ndi

chung. Cd lhe lhay rd dicu dd sail khi Hien phap 1992 ra doi. dac bicl la sau
khi cd Lual dal dai siia doi (1993). Nhung quy dinh vc cac quyen nang cua

ngu’di su' dung dai (quven ihii'a ke. quyen chuycn nhu'ong, the chap...) da gav
khdng fl xbn xao irong du' luan ciia cac gidi hoc gia, nhal la vdi nhung ngud'i
khdng chuycn vc lual. Mol sd ngu’di cho rang l.lico nhung quy dinh dd. khai
niem irudc day ve so' hiru. quyen so' huu da bi lhay doi. da bi dao Ion. Cd

ngubi khang dinh quyen sir dung dal ihirc chat la quyen sd huu dal dai v.v...

v’ay ihue chai quyen so'hiru la gi?


20

'Irong nhung nam gfin day. nhicu cong trinh nghien cuu vc quycn sd
huu cua lac gia Ha Phi Mai Hicn da phan nao ly giai cac van de ncu Iren.
(Xiji xcm danh mile lai lieu iliani khao). Theo lac gia, phap lual vc sd hiiu d

Vici Nam khdng the tach rdi dicu kien kinh le - xa hoi Vici Nam vdi tinh

dinh huong xa hoi chu nghla cua che do kinh le va muc lieu "dan gian. nude
rnanh. xa hoi edng bfmg van minh". Ban chai cua che do xa hoi khdng phai

chi dung lai d cac hlnh lhai phap ly vd sd huu ma con dupe bie’u hicn Irong

loan bo cac yen id can lhanh quan lie san xual; do la quan he sd huu, quail he
id chu’c quan ly va quan lie phan plid'i. Trdn co’ sd lan lhanh quan diem cua

cac nha kinh le, nhau rnanh cac hlnli l hire ihuc hicn quydn sd hull "irong
kliiidn khd mdl hlnh lliai phap ly" la dam bao "cho quan he sd huu tu’ chd
duoc thira nlian vc mat phap ly ird lhanh co ndi dung hicn ihuc, dupe cam
nlian rd rang va cu lhe" lac gia cho rfmg sir lac dong cua cac quan lie id dure,

quan ly va phan phdi len cac quan lie sd huu cung ral ldn; va vice dicu chinh
phap lual vc sd huu efin lap Irung nhicu lion vao cac hlnh ihuc lliu’c hicn

quycn sd hull. Do do, van de khdng dung lai d sir ghi nhau cac hlnli lliu’c sd

huu ma phai lu’ cac hlnh lliirc dd. dam bao quydn id chu’c quan ly dicu lianh,

quydn lu’ do kinh doanh va quycn phan phdi cua cac chu lhe sd hiru.

Va cung vi vay, lac gia cho rang quan diem vd "mol che dinh quycn sd
huu phii’c hop, da co’ caii, nhicu cap dd" cua cac nha lual hoc efin dupe liic’u la
nhicu cap do cua cac chu lhe lliu’c hicn quydn sd huu. Luan chung vd van de

nay. khi ban vc die dinh quycn sd huu Irong Du lliao BO lual dan sir, lac gia

di phan lich che do so huu loan dan du’di gdc do kinh le va gdc dd phap ly.izsi
lheo lac gia. die dd sd huu loan dan la lie thong cac quan he kinh le - phap ly

phuc lap. nhicu cap do. nhicu chu lhe va lac dong qua lai vdi nhau. Ngii'di
’•'uni gia chu yen o day la loan dan vdi tu each la chu sd him vdi loan hd cac

'(h|i lai san cua minh. Ngoai ra. nhung chu lhe khac nhu’ cac co quan Nha


r

nude o Hung u'ong va dia phuong. cac id cliirc, doanh nghicp. cac lap lhe lao

dong va nhung ngudi lao dong cu lhe, cac nhoni iigu'di, lip gia dinh. cac edng
dan.... lhani gia vdi lu' each la nhuiie chu lhe lliu'c hicn quven sd huu d nhu'ng

inu'e dp, nhung llnh virc kluic nhau.
Vi du. llieo Lual dal dai (do Qudc hoi nude Cong hoa xa hdi chu nglna

Vici Nani khoa IX thong qua ngay 14/7/1993), dai dai thudc sd huu loan dan


do Nlui nude thong illicit quan ly; cac lo cliirc, hd gia dinh va ca nhan dupe

Nha nude giao dai, cho ihue dai dupe gpi cluing la ngudi sir dung dai (Didu
I). Thirc chai, quydn sir dung dal theo Lual dal dai 1993 la mdt hlnh llnic

phap Iv time hien quven sd hiru irong pham vi chc dp sd huu toan dan. Cac co'
quan Nha iiu'dc nhir Qudc hdi, Hdi dong nhan dan, Chinh phii. Uy ban nhan

dan, rini tru’dng co quan quan ly dai dai d Hung irong va dia phuong, Bp
Iru'dng. thii trirdng co' quan ngang Bp, Mat Iran id qudc Vici Nam va cac id

cliirc lhanh vicn ciia Mat Iran, cac Id elide xa hoi kliac... hi nhirng chii lhe lime
hicn quycn sd huu trong vice gjani sal. Id cliirc, quan ly viec sir dung dai

Irong pham vi nhieni vu. quycn han ciia minh d cac mire dd kliac nhau (Dicu

7. 8. 9. 10 Lual dai dai).
Cung iirong tir nhir vay Lupi doanh nghicp Nha nude do Qudc hoi
(hong qua ngay 20 lining 4 nani 1995 da giai quyci vd quan ly Nha nude va

lime hicn quycn elm sd huu Nha nude doi vdi doanh nghicp Nha nude (trong
cac Dicu lii' 28 den Dicu 54).
Nhu vay. cd lhe ndi rang khong phai lai ca nhung ngudi lharn gia vao

quan lie so' huu loan dan la chii sd huu ddi vdi lai san lliudc sd him loan dan.

i hi Nha nu'dc vdi y nghla la mol Id chuc thong nlial la chii sd hiru duy nlial
doi vdi tai san th tide sd him loan dan. Con nhung ngudi tham gia ndi Iren la


Um lhe llnic hicn quycn so hiru irong cac hinh llnic phap ly kliac nhau do

Phap luat quy dinh.i2>i Tu'ong lir nhir vay, lu'o'ng ling vdi mol hinh llnic sd hiru


sc co cac hinh ihiic ihirc hien queen sd huu phu hop. Tny nhieu. irong ncn
kinh le hang hoa nhibu lhanh phan lheo co che ihi irubng cac hinh ihiic phap

lual \c so' huu va cac hinh ihiic lime hien quyen so' huu la ral da dang. Vi va\.

can phan bicl cac hinh ihiic ihirc hien quyen sb huu lheo noi ham "quan lie
san xual" vbi cac hinh ihiic ihirc hien quyen sb huu lheo noi ham che do phap

|v ve sb him diroc xac dinh irong khudn khd "noi ham quan he san xual" nhal

dinh. cluing van cd nhung dac diem, noi dung khac nhan luy ihudc vao cac
hinh ihiic phap ly ve sb him khac nhan. Thue le, cac hinh ihiic ihu'c hien

quyen sb hiru ciia mol chii lhe phu ihudc vao mdi quan he phap lual cu lhe
xac dinh. Vi du. hinh ihiic ihirc hien quydn sb huu cua edng dan irong quan

lie vdi che dd so' huu loan dan. Irong che do sb him lap lhe va che dd sb huu lu
nhan la khac nhan. Mal khac.-cac hinh ihiic ihu'c hien quyen sb huu ebn dupe
xac dinh lheo lirng nganh lual cu lhe. nhal la irong Lual kinh le. Lual dan sir.

Lual hop lac xa. Lual dai dai. Lual hanh chinh. 'lai chinh - ngan hang v.v...
Nhir va\. ndi dung kinh le ciia sb him dupe ihu'c hien khdng chi bang
quyen sb him ma ebn bang nhieu hinh Ihiic phap ly khac nhan. Theo lac gia.
cac khai niem "sb huu lion hop", "sb huu dan xcn". "sb him uy quyen". v.v...


lii de chi cac loai hinh cua nhung hinh ihu'c ihirc hien quyen sb him (cua Nha
nude, lap lhe. ur nhan vii chu lhe khac).
Thu'e lien iioat dong kinh le da lir lau cluing lo kha nang va hien qua

ihu'c hien quyer. ’aim chii vc kinh le doi vdi lai san irong nhieu hinh ihu'c phap
lual khac ngou: quyen so' huu. Vi du: quyen sir dung dai. quydn quan ly
nglucp vu cuu cac xi nghiep. cac loai dia dich. quyen sir dung bai dong san

hen kc. quvci cl: a ngu'b'i lime nha. quyen ciia ngubi nhan cam cd lai san v.v...
Ndi ca..: .- mac. de llioa man nhu cim kinh le ha\ can lliiel irong nhieu
Huong |1Up k ;1 a bai buoc phai iro lhanh chu so him (hoac vi khdng co kha

11;i'ig) ma ch

co quven nang cua ngubi chicm him lai san hop phap cd su