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TRUONG BAI HOC LUAT TP HP CHI MINH
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BQ GIAO DQC VA DAO TAO
TRUING DAI HQC LUAT TP.Hd CHI MINH
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IRUONG DAI HOC 1UAI
TP. Hd CH I MINH

NGUYEN DUC V1NH

QUYEN LU A CHQN PHAP LUAT TRONG

HOAT DQNG KINH DOANH THUONG MAI

LU AN AN TIEN SI LUAT HQC


Chuyen ngAnh: Luat Kinh te
MS so

: 62.38.50.01

Ngirdi hiring dan khoa hQc: PGS., TS DO VAN DAI

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L()l CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghicn ctru cua rieng toi. Cac so li£u
the hi£n trong luan an la trung thyc. Nhttng ket lu$n khoa hpc cua lu£n an chira

lung dirge cong bo o cdc cong trinh nghien cuu triroc do.

NGUYftN DUCVINH


iii

DANH MVC CAC CHU VlfcT TAT


Tieng Vi§t

NCS

Nghien cuu sinh

NXB

Nha xuat bdn

Tldd

T^i liyu da dan

TP.HCM

Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh

BLDS

Bq luyt Dan syr

BLDS 2005

Bq lu$t Dan syr cua Vi£t Nam nSm 2005

BLDS 2015

Bq luat Dan sy cua Vi?t Nam nMm 2015


BLHH

Bq luyt Hang hai cua Vi?t Nam

BLHH 2015

Bq luyt Hang hai cua ViQt Nam nSm 2015

LTM

Luyt Thuong myi

LTM 2005

Luyt Thuong mai cua Vi?t Nam nSm 2005

LTTTM 2010

Luat Tryng tai Thurong myi cua Viyt Nam nSm 2010

LDT

Luyt Dau tu

LDT 2014

Luyt Dau tu cua Viyt Nam nSm 2014

BLTTDS 2015


Bq Luyt to tyng dan sy cua Vi?t Nam nSm 2015

LDN

Luyt Doanh nghi^p

LDN 2014

Luyt Doanh nghiyp cua ViQt Nam nSm 2014

Tieng Anh

ChOr viet t?.t

Tieng Anh

NghTa tieng Viyt

ADB

Asian Development Bank

BTA

The USA - Vietnam Bilateral IliQp djnh thuong myi Vi£t

Ngan hang phat trien Chau A


iv


Nam - Hoa ky

T rade Agreement

Vienna
CISG 1980

EC

on Cong uoc Vien nSm 1980 ve

Convention

Contracts for the International

Hop dong mua bdn hang hoa

Sale of Goods 1980

quoc te

European Community

CQng dong Chau Au
Economic

European

C$ng dong kinh te Chau Au


EEC
Community

ECJ

European Court of Justic

Toa cong ly Chau Au

European Union

Lien Minh chau Au

EU

FTA

Federation
FIDIC 1999

Hi?p djnh thuong m?i ty do

Free T rade Agreement

des Hgp dong mau cua Hi§p hpi

International

Ingenieurs - Conseils 1999


c£c Nha KJ str - Tu van Quoc
te nSm 1999

International

Trade

Centre Trung tarn Thuong m^i Quoc

ITC

UNCTAD/WTO
ICC

te UNCTAD/WTO

Chamber

International

of Phong Thuong mai Quoc te

Commerce
INCOTERM

International Commercial Terms Dieu khoan thuong m^i quoc

2000


2000

PECL

te, phien b^n nSm 2000

Principles of European Contract Nhttng nguyen tSc chau Au ve

Law

Principles

lu§t hop dong
of

PICC 2016

International Nguyen Uc hgp dong thuong

commencial Contract 2016
Singapore

SIAC
Abitration Centre

mgi quoc te, ban nSm 2016

International Trung tarn TrQng tai Quoc te
Singapore



International

Vietnam

VIAC

Viyt Nam

Abitration Centre

International

Trung tarn TrQng tai Quoc te

Convention

on Cong udc qudc te ve trach

Civil Liability for Oil Pollution nhi?m dan sy doi vdi thiyt hyi

ULC 1992

UCC

Damage 1992

do d nhiem dau nSm 1992

Uniform Code of Commerce


Bq luyt Thuong myi Thong
nhat cua Hoa Ky

United Nations Commission on Uy ban Phdp luyt Thuong myi

UNCITRAL

Quoc te cua Lien hQp quoc

International Trade Law

Principes Relatifs Aux contrats Bq nguyen tic cua ve Hop

UNIDROIT
du

Commerces

International

dong thuong mai qudc te nSm

2004

WTO

2004

2004


World Trade Organization

To chuc Phuong myi Thd gidi

Cong

udc New York Convention on the Cong uoc New York vd cong

New

York Recognition and Enforcement of nhan va thi hanh cdc quyet djnh
trQng tai nude ngoai nSm 1958

Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958

1958

Convention

the

on

Law Cong uoc ve luyt ap dyng cho

Cong udc La

Applicable


to

International mua ban qudc te nhung dQng

Hay 1964
san hun hinh nSm 1964

Sales of Tangible Estate 1964

Luat

Mau

UNCITRAL

Model

cua

International

UNCITRAL

Arbitration 1985

Law

Commercial

nSm 1985


nguyen

Uc La Hay
2015

Code of Conduct on the choice Bq nguyen tSc La Hay ve lya

of

law

international

applicable

trade

udc Convention

to chQn phap luat ap dyng doi vdi

contracts hQp ddng thuong myi qudc te

2015

Cong

Luyt Mau cua UNCITRAL vd


TrQng t£i Thuong myi Quoc td

1985
Bq

on

nSm 2015

on

the

Law Cong udc Rome nSm 1980 vd


Rome 1980

Applicable to the Obligations

luat dp dyng cho cdc nghTa vy

Arising from the Contract 1980.

phdt sinh tu h

1980

Regulation (EC) No 593/2008
the European Parliament and the Quy tdc so 593/2008 ngay


Quy

tdc
Council of 17 July 2008 on the

Rome I

17/6/2008 cua EC ve Lu$t dp

Law Applicable to contractual dyng cho nghTa vy hyrp dong

Obligations (Rome I)
Regulation (EC) No 864/2007

of the European Parliament and Quy tdc so 864/2007 ngay
Quy

Rome II

tic the Council of 11 July 2007 on

the

Law

Applicable to

11/7/2007 cua EC ve Lu|t dp

no- dyng cho nghTa vy ngoai hyrp


contractual Obligations (Rome dong

II)


Myc Lye
LOI CAM DOAN
DANH MyC TU VIET TAT

MO DAU

1

CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN CUU VA CO SO LY

THUYET CUA DE TAI NGHIEN CU U...............................................................

12

1.1.

Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciru...............................................................

12

1.1.1.

Tinh hinh nghien cuu d nude ngoai..............................................................


13

1.1.2.

Tinh hinh nghien cuu tai ViQt Nam..............................................................

26

1.1.3.

Danh gia tong quan ve tinh hinh nghien cuu...............................................

35

1.2.

Co1 sd ly thuyet cua de t&i nghien cuu.....................................................

38

1.2.1.

Cau hoi nghien cuu.........................................................................................

38

1.2.2.

Gia thiet nghien cuu.......................................................................................


39

1.2.3.

Ly thuyet nghien cuu......................................................................................

40

1.2.4.

Phuong phap nghien cuu...............................................................................

43

45

Ket luan chuong 1

CHUONG 2: NHtrNG VAN DE LY LUAN VE QUYEN Ly’A CHQN
PHAP LUAT TRONG HOAT DQNG KINH DOANH, THUONG MAI CO
YEU TO NUOC NGOAI..........................................................................................

2.1.

Kh&i ni$m, ban chat phap ly v& d&c diem cua quyen lira chQn phap

luat trong boat d$ng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai..

2.1.1.


47

47

Khai ni§m ve hoat dong kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai

va quyen lua chQn phap luat trong hoat d$ng kinh doanh, thuong mai co
yeu to nude ngoai...........................................................................................

2.1.2.

Ban chat phap ly va dSt diem cua quyen ly
*a

47

chon phap luat trong hoat

d(?ng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai..................................

56


viii

2.1.3

Boat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi c6 yeu td nude ngoai ph£t sinh tir
hyp ddng vd phat sinh ngodi hyp dong........................................................


2.2.

Khai niym, ddc diem, nyi dung, vai trd vd vj tri phap luat ve quyen
lya chyn phap luat trong boat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu

to nude ngodi.................................................................................................
2.2.1.

Khai niym, d£c diem vd nQi dung cua phdp luyt ve quyen lya chyn phdp

luat trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi c6 yeu to nude ngodi........
2.2.2.

Vai trd vd vj tri cua phdp luyt ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt

dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngodi .................................
Ket luan chuong 2

CHU0NG 3: QUY^N LQA CHQN PHAP LUAT TRONG HOAT DQNG
KINH DOANH, THUONG MAI CO Y^U t6 NU6C NGOAI PHAT SINH

TU HQP DONG..........................................................................................................

3.1.

Cdc quy djnh chung ve quyen lya chyn phdp luat trong hoat dyng

kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngodi.......................................
3.1.1.


Nguyen tdc ty do hyp dong vd ty do kinh doanh Id edn cu phap ly cua

quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd
yeu to nude ngoai...........................................................................................
3.1.2.

Quy dinh ty do lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong
myi cd ydu to nude ngoai...............................................................................

3.1.3.

Thye tien ap dyng vd kidn nghj gidi phdp...................................................

3.2. Cdc quy djnh cy the ve quyen lya chyn phdp luat trong hoat dyng

kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai phat sinh tir hy p dong
3.2.1.

Ghi nhan cac nyi dung cua quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hyp dong

kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai............................................
3.2.2.

Loyi trir dan chidu...........................................................................................

3.2.3.

Gidi han cua quydn lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,
thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh tir hyp ddng...........................



--

Nhfrng bat cap ctia hy thong phdp luat, thyc tien ap dung va kien

nghj giai phap hoan thiyn phap luat Vift Nam ve quyen lua chyn

phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude
ngodi phat sinh tit hyp dong.......................................................................

3.3.1.

Mau thuan gitra phap lu§t chung va phap luyt chuyen nganh ve quyen
lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi phdt sinh tir
hyp dong............................................................................................................

3.3.2.

Thieu cdc quy djnh ve each there, thdi didm, hinh there, hiyu lyc, tinh dye

lap cua thoa thuyn lya chyn phap luat, quyen lya chyn phap luyt dieu
chinh myt phan hay toan by hyp dong.........................................................
3.3.3.

Gidi han cua quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh
thuong myi co yeu td nude ngodi phat sinh tir hyp dong chua rd rang,

minh bych........................................................................................................

3.3.4.


Thye tien ap dyng va kien nghj giai phdp....................................................

Ket luan chuong 3

CHUONG 4: QUYEN Ll/A CHQN PHAP LUAT TRONG HOAT DQNG
KINH DOANH, THUONG MAI CO YEU TO NUOC NGOAI PHAT SINH
NGOAI HQP DONG.................................................................................................
4 j

Cac quy dinli chung ve quyen lua chyn phap luat ap dung doi voi

nghTa vu phat sinh ngoai hyp dong...........................................................
4.1.1.

Ty do thoa thuyn lya chyn phap luyt ap dyng doi vdi nghTa vy ngoai hyp

dong..................................................................................................................

4.1.2.

Cach thuc va thdi diem thuc hiyn quyen lya chyn phap luat ap dung doi

voi nghTa vy ngoai hop dong.........................................................................

4.1.3.

Hinh thuc thoa thuan lya chyn phap luat ap dyng doi vdi nghTa vy ngoai
hyp dong.........................................................................................................


4.1.4.

Gidi han quyen ty do lya chyn phap luyt ap dyng doi vdi nghTa vy ngoai
hyp dong..........................................................................................................


X

4.1.5

Luat ap dung doi vdi dieu khoan hicu lire cua thoa thuan lira chyn luat
ap dyng doi v6i nghTa vy ngoai hyp dong...................................................

4.2.

140

C£c quy dinh ve quyen lua chQn phap luat trong hoat dong kinh

doanh, thuong mai c6 yeu to nu*6c ngoai phat sinh ngoAi hop dong

theo ph£p luat Vift Nam.............................................................................
4.2.1.

141

Quy djnh ve quyen lya chyn plkip luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,

thirong myi co yeu to nude ngoai lien quan den bdi thuong thiyt hai


ngoai hyp dong...............................................................................................

4.2.2.

141

Quy djnh ve quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,

thuong myi co yeu to nunc ngoai lien quan den viyc thyc hiyn cong viyc

khong co uy quyen..........................................................................................
4.3.

153

De xuat giai phap hoAn thifn cac quy djnh cua phAp luat Vi$t Nam
ve quyen lya chQn phap luat trong hoat d$ng kinh doanh, thuong
mai c6 yeu to nude ngoai phAt sinh ngoAi hyp dong.............................

154

Ket luan chirong 4

157

KET LUAN

158

DANH MVC TAI LIf U THAM KHAO


CAC CONG TRINH NGHIEN CUU LIEN QUAN DEN LUAN AN DA
CONG BO
1.

Quyen ty do thoa thuan chyn lu§t ap dyng trong hyp dong thuong mai

quoc te, Typ chi Toa an nhan dan, so 18 va so 19, nftm 2016
2.

Ban ve van de ty do chyn luat ap dyng dieu chi’nh quan hy trach nhiym
5

A

ngoai hyp dong trong phap luat Lien minh Chau Au (EU), Tap chi Khoa

hyc Phap ly, so 1, n8m 2017.


1

MO DAU
1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai
Quyen lya chyn phap luat nhdm dieu chinh nhttng van de lien quan den

quyen va nghTa vy cua cdc chu the trong quan h? phap luat ndi chung va trong ho
dyng kinh doanh, thuong m^i noi rieng la van de duyc d#t ra khi cac chu the tham
gia vao cac quan h? phap lu§t co yeu to qudc te, hay nhu d Viyt Nam gyi la quan hy

dan sy co yeu to nunc ngoai1. Neu nhu ho^t dyng kinh doanh, thuong m^i chi lien

quan den myt qudc gia, thi van de lya chyn phap luat noi chung va quyen lya chyn
phap luat trong ho^t dyng kinh doanh, thuong m^i ndi rieng hau nhu khong duyc
ddt ra vi hoat dyng cua cac chu the chiu sy dieu chinh cua lu§t qudc gia, do khong

co xung dyt phap luat nen khong the cd van de chyn luat cua qudc gia khac de dieu
chinh cac quan h? nay. Nguyc lai, trong ho^t dyng kinh doanh, thuong m^i cd yeu

to nude ngoai hay con gyi each khac la ho^t dyng kinh doanh, thuong m^i qudc te,
quyen cua cac chu the kinh doanh duyc lya chyn phdp lu§t de dieu chinh nhung van
de phdt sinh tu hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cua minh Id myt tat yeu khach

quan va quyen nay dd va dang duyc thira nh$n ngay cang ryng rdi trong tu phdp

qudc te cua cdc qudc gia tren the gidi cung nhu trong cdc vdn ban phdp luat cua Vi$t
Nam.

Ddc bi^t, trong xu the khong the dao nguyc cua tien trinh tu do hoa thuong
mai va hyi nhap qudc te hi§n nay, ngudi ta van phai thira nhan myt thyc te khach

quan la cho du ty do hoa thuong mai va hyi nhap sau ryng d muc dy nao di chdng
nua, cho du cdc hi?p dinh thuong mai ty do song phuong, khu vyc va toan cau cd
duyc ky ket nhieu di chdng nda thi sy khde nhau trong cdc quy djnh cua phdp lu$t
cdc qudc gia ve cung myt van de phdp ly cy the lien quan den hogt dyng kinh doanh,
thuong mai nhat dinh sd van luon ton t^i.

Hi^n tuyng xung dyt phdp luat trong tu phdp qudc te ndi chung va xung dyt

phdp luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai ndi rieng la

1 Dieu 663 kho^n 2 BLDS 2015 quy djnh “Quan h? dim sy cd yeu to nude ngofci 1^ quan h£ thuQc myt trong

c^c tru-dmg hyp sau dfiy: (a). Cd it nh&t myt trong c£c b£n tham gia

ca nhan, ph&p nhan nude ngo^i; (b).

C6c ben tham gia deu 1& cong dan Vi?t Nam, ph
ho$c ch&m dirt quan h? dd x&y ra d nirdc ngo^i; (c). Cdc ben tham gia deu lit edng dfin V§t Nam, phdp nhfin
Vi?t Nam nhung doi tuyng cua quan h? dfin sy dd d nude ngoii”.


2
khong the phu nhan. De giai quyet van de xung dyt phap luat, myt trong nhirng xu

hirdng dang phat trien manh me la cho phep cac chu the dirge quyen ty do thoa
thuan lya chyn phdp luat ap dyng trong cdc quan hy kinh doanh, thuong myi cua

minh. Giai phap nay khong chi giai quyet van de xung dpt phap luyt va giup cac chu
the kinh doanh hieu rd va bao vy tot nhat quyen va lyi ich hyp phap cua minh ma
con dSt ra nhiym vy cho ca chu the kinh doanh, cho co quan tai phdn (toa dn, tryng

tai) phai am hieu ve luyt phap dirge c£c ben thoa thuyn lya chgn de ap dyng vd thyc

thi khi co tranh chap phat sinh tir cac hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thirong myi do.
Ngoai ra, trong moi trirong kinh doanh quoc te hiyn dyi, viyc cho phep cac
ben ty do lya chyn phap luat khong chi 1A myt biyn phap httu hiyu de gi&i quyet

xung dyt phap luat trong tir phap quoc te ma edn tyo co so phap ly de phap luat

nude ngoai (do cac chu the lya chyn) dirge doi xu ngang bang vdi phap luat trong

nirdc. Nhir vay, viyc lya chyn phap luyt de dieu chinh cac quan hy kinh doanh,
thirong mai co yeu to nirdc ngoai khong chi la van de d#t ra tir thyc tien hoyt dyng

kinh doanh, thurong mai cua cac chu the ma con la quyen cua cdc chu the cd lien

quan va quyen nay dirge phap luyt nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi thira nhyn.

Van de quyen lya chyn phap luat da dirge ghi nhan trong cac hyc thuyet ve tir
phap quoc te, dirge luat hoa trong phap luat quoc gia va viyc thyc thi quyen lya
chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thirong mai ngay cang dirge ap dung

pho bien d nhieu nirdc thuyc nhieu hy thong phap luat khac nhau. 6 Hoa Ky, theo

mo hinh nha nirdc lien bang, quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh,
thirong mai dirge ghi nhan va thyc hiyn trong thdi gian dai khi quan hy kinh doanh,
9

thirong myi phat sinh gitfa cac chu the d cac bang khac nhau cua Hoa Ky. Phap luyt

cac nirdc trong khoi EU ngay cang dirge ghi nhyn theo hirdng mo ryng quyen ty
dinh doat cua cac chu the kinh doanh, thirong mai dirge lya chyn phap luat... Trong
pham vi lien minh, EU cung da hirdng den viyc thong nhat cac quy dinh nhim dam

bao co so phap ly vung chic cho cac chu the kinh doanh, thirong mai thyc hiyn
quyen lya chyn phap luyt thong qua viyc ban hanh cong irdc Rome 1980, sau do sira
doi, bo sung thanh quy tic Rome I va quy tic Rome II... ve quyen lya chyn phdp
luat vdi xu hirdng cho phep chu the cd quyen lya chyn phap luat co phym vi ap
dyng ryng ldn.

3

0 Vipt Nam, van de lya chQn phap luat trong quan hp dan sy cd yeu to nude

ngoai cung dS dirge phap luat thyc dinh ghi nhyn trong BLDS qua cac giai doyn,
trong BLDS 2015 va trong cac luat chuyen nganh2. Tuy nhien, cac quy djnh ve
quydn lya chyn phap luat con nhieu bat cap va thieu sot. Theo NCS, co it nhat sau

b£t cap, thieu sot sau day: Thu nhat, cac quy djnh cua phap luyt Vipt Nam hipn hanh
khong tyo ra can cu phap ly day du, vttng chSc cho c£c chu the kinh doanh, thuong
myi thyc hipn quyen lya ehpn phap luyt trong thyc te cung nhir cdc co quan giai

quyet tranh chap ap dyng phap luyt ma cac ben lya chQn. Thu hai, vipc lya chyn

phap luat trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thirong myi c6 yeu to nude ngoai chira dirge
thira nhan la myt quyen nSng ve phdp ly cua c£c chu the kinh doanh, thirong mai.

Thu ba, cac quy djnh ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh,
thirong myi co yeu to nude ngoai chira dirge quy djnh myt che djnh phdp luat. Thu

tu, quy djnh ve quyen lya ehyn phap luyt cua cac chu the trong hoyt dyng kinh
doanh, thirong myi co yeu to nude ngoai trong BLDS cung nhir trong cac luyt

chuyen nganh chira thong nhat, con nhieu cho mau thuan giCta phap luyt chung va
phap luyt chuyen nganh. Thu nam, nguyen tSc, nyi dung, pham vi va hinh thirc cua

quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thirong myi chira day du. Thu

sau, edn thieu ving nhieu quy djnh ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt de dieu chinh quan

hp phat sinh ngoai hyp dong trong kinh doanh, thirong mai co yeu to nude ngoai.
Cac quy djnh ve quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,

thuong mai noi chung va trong quan hp nghTa vy theo h(/p dong, nghTa vy ngoai hyp
dong trong kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai ndi rieng kho thyc hipn
trong thyc tien do phap luyt thuong d$t ra cac nguyen tie de rang huge va gidi hyn

quyen lya chyn phap luyt cua cac chu the. Van con nhttng quy djnh khong rd rang
mang tinh rao can, gidi han quyen lya chyn phap luyt cua cac chu th6 khi hy tham

gia vao cac quan he kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai. Nhidu quy djnh

ve quyen lya chyn phap luat con chung chung, chua phu hyp vdi xu the phat trien

chung cua tu phap quoc te hipn dai... Nhirng bat cyp nay neu khong duyc loyi bo thi

s£ can trd sy phat trien cua cac hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi giQa cdc doanh
2 Xem quy djnh cy the tyi khoan 2 DiSu 664 BLDS 2015; kho&i 2 Dieu 5 LTM 2005; kho£n 4 Dieu 4 LOT
2014; khoan 2 Dieu 5 BLHH 2015...


4

nghiyp Vi$t Nam vdi cac doanh nghiyp nude ngoai va lam cho h$ thong phap luat

nunc ta s6 trd nen thieu thich ung, chira tuong thich vdi phap luyt qudc te

chira

ddp ung yeu cau hyi nhap quoc te3.

Trong boi canh nhu vay, viyc nghien cuu myt each day du va toan diyn tu ca
goc dy co so ly luan cung nhu thyc tien, nhttng van de lien quan den cdc hyc thuyet

cua tu phap qudc te ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt, lien quan den quy djnh cua phdp

luyt vd quyen lya chyn phdp luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to
nude ngodi vd viyc thyc thi quyen lya chyn phdp luyt trong thyc te tyi myt so qudc

gia tren the gidi cung nhu tai Viyt Nam nhdm chi ra nhttng bat cyp, nguyen nhan
cua nh£rng bdt cyp de tu dd cd giai phdp bo sung, hoan thiyn phdp luyt Viyt Nam ve
quyen lya chyn phdp lu§t trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd ydu to nude

ngoai la rat can thiet. Day cung chinh la ly do de NCS lya chyn van de “Quy?n lira
chpn phdp lu(it trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi” cd yeu to nude ngoai

trong phdp luyt Viyt Nam lam de tai Luyn an tien si luat hyc.
2. Myc dich vd nhiym vy nghien cuu

2.1. Myc dich nghien ciru
Myc dich nghien cuu cua de tai la:
Luyn giai lam rd co so ly luyn va thyc tien nyi ham quyen lua chyn phdp luyt

trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai. Cdn cu phdp ly cua
viyc gidi han quyen lua chyn phdp luat cua chu the kinh doanh, thuong mai nhdm
tdng cudng quyen ty dinh doat cua cdc chu the va bao dam phdp luat duyc cdc chu

the lya chyn cd pham vi dp dyng ryng nhat, nhung khong phuong hyi den cdc gid trj

nen tang cua hy thong phdp luyt Viyt Nam.

3 Trong khi dd, Nghj quyet sd 48-NQ/TW cua Bq Chinh trj ngdy 24 thdng 5 ndm 2005 ve Chidn Iuqc xdy
dyng vd hoan thi?n h? thong phdp luyt Vi$t Nam den ndm 2010, djnh hudng den ndm 2020 da vych rd myc
tieu “Xdy dyng va hoan thi?n h? thong phdp lu$t dong bQ, thdng nhdt, kha thi, cong khai, minh bych”, vd yeu

c&u “ddi mdi edn ban co che xdy dyng vd thyc hi^n phdp lu$l; phdt huy vai trd vd hi§u lyc cua phdp lu&t uc
gdp phAn qudn ly x3 h$i, gid vftng dn djnh chinh trj, phdt tridn kinh td, h$i nh$p qudc te". DS dyt duqc myc
tieu dd, Nghj quy6t da dyt ra nhi?m vy xdy dyng vd hodn thi?n phdp lu£t vd hQi nhyp qudc te, trong do “d&y
mynh vi^c rd sodt, stra ddi, bd sung ho$c ban hdnh mdi cdc van bdn quy phym phdp lu$t de phu hyrp vai thdng

I? qudc te vd cdc dieu udc qudc td md Vi?t Nam Id thdnh viSn”.


5

thign phdp luyt Vigt Nam ve quyen lya chQn phap luyt trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh,

thuong mai c6 ydu to nirdc ngodi.
2.2. Nhi?m vy nghien cuu

De dat dirge myc dich neu tren, Luyn dn co cdc nhiym vy cy the sau day:
Luyn giai de 1dm rd nhttng van de ly luyn vd thyc tien ve quyen lya chQn
phdp luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thirong myi co yeu to nude ngodi: Ldm rd

khdi niym va nQi dung cua khai niym ve quyen lya chQn phdp luyt trong hoyt dgng

kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai va chi ra phym vi nhttng moi quan hy
nao trong hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi can phai duyc dieu chinh bdi che djnh

ve quyen lya chQn phdp luyt; Chi ra nhirng loai hinh chu the nao cd quyen lya chQn
phdp luyt trong hoyt dgng kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude ngoai; Vai trd cua
phdp luyt vd quyen lya chQn phdp luyt trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd

ydu to nude ngodi;
Nghien cuu cdc nguyen tdc, edn cu, nQi dung va pham vi cua quyen lya chQn
phdp luyt trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai. Bao gom

cdc hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh tir hyp dong
va phdt sinh ngoai hyp dong (nhu trong linh vyc bdi thuong thiyt hai ngoai hyp
dong cd lien quan den hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai, thyc

hign cong viyc kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai khong cd uy quyen...).

Cdc quy dinh gidi han quyen lya chQn phdp luyt trong hoat dQng kinh doanh,

thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai cung nhu nhttng tac dgng cua chung den quyen ty
do thoa thuyn lya chQn phdp luyt cua cdc chu the kinh doanh, thuong myi.

Phan tich cdc quy djnh cua phdp luyt Vigt Nam vd thyc tien dp dyng phdp
luyt ve quyen lya chgn phdp luat trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu td
nude ngoai de chi ra nhung bat cap cua phdp luat, nhung khd khdn trong qua trinh
thyc thi ddng thdi so sanh vdi cdc quy djnh cd lien quan cua phdp luat qudc td va

phdp luyt cua mgt so nude nhdm neu byt nhung diem chua phii hop cua phdp luyt
Vigt Nam vd quydn lya chgn phdp lugt trong hoat dgng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd

yeu to nude ngoai tyi Vigt Nam.

6
Lu$n giai cho nhttng giai phap va kien nghj dirge neu trong Lu^n dn ve

hudng hoan thi^n phdp lu§t Vi?t Nam ve quyen lya chQn phap lu§t trong hoat dQng
kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngodi.

3. Doi tu’Qng va pham vi nghien cuu
3.1. Doi tu'Q’ng nghien cuu

Doi tuyng nghien cuu cua de tai la nhung van de lien quan den lya chQn phdp
lu£t vd quyen lya chyn phdp lu£t trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to

nude ngoai. De tai cung nghien cuu nhttng van de ve kinh doanh, thuong myi ve
hop ddng thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai, ve boi thuong thiyt hyi ngoai hop dong

trong kinh doanh, thuong myi cd ydu td nude ngoai, ve xung dQt phap luyt trong tu
phap quoc te va ve quyen lya chQn phap luyt cua cac chu the trong tu phdp quoc te

ndi chung va trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu td nude ngoai ndi

rieng.
Doi tUQng nghien cuu cua de tdi bao gom cdc quy djnh cua phdp luyt Viyt
Nam, cua phdp luyt mQt so nude tieu bieu va cua cdc dieu udc quoc te cd lien quan
v£ quydn lya chQn phdp luyt trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to

nude ngoai.
3.2. Pham vi nghien cuu

3.2.1. Ve nQi dung
Quydn lira chQn phdp luat la nQi dung thuQC phym vi dieu chi’nh cua tu phdp

h? dan sy cd yeu td nude ngoai, nhu quan h§ dan sy, quan hy so httu, quan hy hon
nhan gia dinh, quan hy thua ke, quan h£ lao dQng, quan h$ kinh doanh, thuong myi,

quan hy trdi vy.... Trong khuon kho cua mQt Luyn an tien si, nhu ten gQi cua de tdi

Luan an dd chi rd, pham vi nghien cuu cua Luan an gidi han d nh&ng van de vl
quyen lya chQn phdp luat trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu td nude

ngoai. Hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai la cdc hoat dQng nhdm myc dich sinh lyi,
vi vyy Luan an khong nghien cuu ve quyen lya chyn phdp lu£t trong cdc quan h£
dan sy nhdm myc dich tieu dung.

Kinh doanh, thuong myi, hieu theo edeh hieu cua WTO, la linh vyc rgng ldn,

bao gom cdc hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi trong dau tu, trong thuong myi


7

hang hoa, trong thirong myi dich vy, thirong mai lien quan den so httu tri tu§... Tuy
nhien, Luan dn chi nghien cuu ve quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoyt dyng kinh
doanh, thirong mai co yeu to nude ngoai do cac chu the kinh doanh la cac doanh

nghiyp Viyt Nam vd cac doanh nghiyp nirdc ngodi thyc hiyn.

Khi xac dinh yeu to nirdc ngoai trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thirong mai hay

cdn gpi la yeu to quoc te, Luan an dya tren co so quy djnh va cac tieu chi xac djnh
yeu to nirdc ngoai theo BLDS 2015, cd so sanh vdi quy djnh cua phap luyt myt so

thong nhat trong each hieu gitfa phap luyt cac nirdc vd cac dieu udc quoc te .
Hoat dyng kinh doanh, thirong mai cd yeu to nirdc ngoai Id ITnh vyc ryng,

bao gom tir qua trinh thdnh lap doanh nghiyp, qua trinh thyc hiyn cdc hoyt dyng

kinh doanh, thirong mai d pham vi trong nirdc vd cd d pham vi quoc te, qua trinh
phat trien vd tham chi ca qud trinh gidi the ho$c pha san cua doanh nghiyp. Trong cd
qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phat trien cua doanh nghiyp, viyc thyc hiyn hoyt dyng kinh

doanh, thirong mai cd yeu to nude ngodi chu yeu tap trung d hai mang hoyt dyng

chinh la mang ky ket vd thyc hiyn cac hyp dong trong kinh doanh, thirong myi cd
yeu to nirdc ngodi vd mang lien quan den nhttng quan hy kinh doanh, thirong myi

phat sinh ngodi hyp dong. Trong khuon khd cua Luan an, pham vi nghien cuu se tap
trung phan tich van de ve quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh,

thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngodi phat sinh tir cac hyp dong thuong mai quoc te
trong do cd myt ben la doanh nghiyp Viyt Nam vd cac quan hy phat sinh ngodi hyp

dong trong do lien quan den quyen vd lyi ich cua doanh nghiyp Viyt Nam.
Tyi Viyt Nam, quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong

myi cd yeu to nude ngodi chua duyc luyt hoa thdnh myt che djnh trong phap luyt

Viyt Nam vdi y nghTa la myt quyen ndng cua chu the kinh doanh, do do, khi nghien
cuu quyen lua chon phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to
nude ngodi, de cd cai nhin bao quat vd cy the Luan an s€ phan tich quyem lya chyn

phap luat cua chu the trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngodi
phat sinh tir hyp dong vd ngodi hyp dong noi chung, khong di sau phan tich ve sy

khac nhau cua tirng loai nghTa vy theo hyp dong, nghTa vy ngodi hyp ddng trong


8
ttrng lmh vyc cy the ve hyp ddng mua bdn hang hod, hyp ddng cung ung djeh vy,
ddu tu, hay hyp ddng lien quan den cac doi tuyng sd httu tri tuy...

Khi phan tich ve quydn lya chyn phap lu§t trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,
thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai, Luan an typ trung lam rd 03 nyi dung ldn la: (1).

Khai niym, ddc diem, ban chat phap ly va nyi dung cua quyen lya chyn phdp luyt

trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai; (2). Quyen lya chyn

phdp lu£t trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh tir
hyp dong; (3). Quydn lya chyn phdp lu£t trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi

cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh ngoai hyp ddng.
3.2.2. Ve khong gian

De cd co sd so sanh vdi phdp lu§t Viyt Nam, Luan dn nghien cuu quy djnh
v$ quydn lya chyn phdp luat trong myt so dieu udc qudc te cd lien quan nhu: Cong

udc cua Lien Hyp Qudc ve Hyp ddng mua bdn hang hod qudc te (ky tyi Vienna

ngay 11/4/1980, viet tat tir trong tieng Anh Id CISG); Quy tdc so 593/2008 ngdy

17/6/2008 cua EU vd Luyt dp dyng cho nghTa vy hyp ddng, co hiyu lyc tir ngay
17/12/2009 (gyi tdt Id Quy tdc Rome I); Quy tdc so 864/2007 ngdy 11/7/2007 cua
EU ve Luat dp dyng cho nghTa vy ngodi hyp ddng, cd hiyu lyc tir ngdy 11/01/2009

(gyi tdt la Quy tdc Rome II); By nguyen tdc La Hay ve lya chyn phdp luyt dp dyng

doi vdi hyp ddng thuong mai qudc te ndm 2015 (gyi tdt la By nguyen tdc La Hay
F

A

2015); Phdp luat Hoa Ky, phdp luat myt sd nude trong Lien minh Chau Au, cdc hiyp
djnh tu do thuong myi song phuong giua Viyt Nam vdi cdc nude nhu Hoa Ky, Han
Qudc...
3.2.3. Ve thdi gian

Khi xem xet thyc tryng phdp luyt Vi?t Nam vd quyen lya chyn phdp luyt
trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi, Luan dn lay moc ndm 2005 - ndm Viyt
Nam ban hanh LTM 2005 va ban hanh BLDS 2005 dieu chinh hoat dyng kinh
doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude ngoai - cho den hiyn nay.

Do BLDS 2015 moi co hi?u lyc tir ngay 0U01/2017 va cung thdi gian ndy.
cdc luyt chuyen nganh (nhu LDT 2014, LDN 2014, BLHH 2015...) cung dd co hi?u

lyc, nen Luyn dn de xuat giai phdp bo sung hay sura doi phdp luyt ve quyen lya chyn

phdp luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi trong xu hudng tat yeu can hoan


9

thiyn phap luat Viyt Nam cho giai (loan xay dyng hoan thiyn phap luyt nhung nam
tiep theo.
4. Ket qua nghien cuu va nlnTng diem moi cua Luan an

4.1. Ket qua nghien cuu

Luan an dat duyc nhttng ket qua nhir sau:
Thu* nhat, Luan an hy thong h6a cac ket qua nghien cuu, d goc dp ly luyn ve

quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude
ngoai, trong do chi ra nhung van de lien quan den hudng nghien cuu cua de tai ma

cac nha khoa hyc di truoc da giai quyet, va nhung van de thuyc ve nQi ham cua
quyen lya chyn phap luat chua dupe cac nghien cuu truoc lam rd. Dong thdi, chi ra
nhiym vy cy the cua Luan an nay.

Thir hai, Luan an d£ lam rd them co so ly luyn ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt
trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai nhu: Khai niym, ban

chat phap ly va vai tro cua quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,
thuong myi co yeu to nude ngoai; C3n cur xac djnh quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong

hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai phat sinh tu hyp dong va

ngoai hyp dong; LTnh vyc, nQi dung, pham vi ap dyng quyen lya chyn phap luat va
su can thiet phai quy dinh rd rang ve gidi han cua quyen lua chyn phap luat ap dyng

trong hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai nhim Ung cudng

quyen ty dinh doat cua cac ben va dam bao phap luat duyc cac ben lya chQn cd
pham vj ap dyng ryng nhat.

Thir ba, Luan an phan tich thyc trang cac quy djnh cua phap luyt Viyt Nam,

co so sanh vdi phap luyt myt so nude, ve quyen lya chyn phap luyt doi vdi hoyt
dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai. Phan tich lam rd mau thuan

gitra cac quy dinh phap luat chung va phap luat chuyen nganh ve quyen lya chyn

phap luat va nhung kho khan, vudng mic phat sinh trong thyc tien thyc thi quyen
lua chyn phap luat ap dung de dieu chinh cac quan hy phat sinh tu hyp dong va phat

sinh ngoai hyp dong.

Thir tir, Luyn an chi ra nhung quy dinh trong phap luat Viyt Nam khong rd
rang, day du, khong tao cSn cu phap ly vung chSc cho cac chu the kinh doanh,
thuong mai thyc thj quyen lya chyn phap luat, tren co so dd de xuat cac kien nghj


10
cy the ve sua doi, bo sung de hoan thiyn cdc quy dinh cua phap luat Viyt Nam ve
quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude
ngoai noi chung.

4.2. Nhung diem in di cua Luan an

Luan an co nhung diem moi dudi day:
Luyn an da luan giai de xay dyng khai niym cy the ve quyen lya chyn phap

luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai va lam rd ban
chat phap ly cua quyen nay. I ren co so cac luyn giai do, Luyn an khdng djnh quyen

lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai la

myt quyen ndng co ban va quan tryng cua cac chu the trong hoat dyng kinh doanh,

thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai.
Luan an phan tich va luan giai tyi sao phai ghi nhyn quyen lya chyn phap

luyt, ghi nhyn quyen nay d muc dy nao, gidi han cua quyen do nhu the nao? Gidi
han quyen theo each chSn ngay tu dau bang each quy djnh cac linh vyc trong do cac
ben duyc quyen lya chyn phap luat hay gidi hyn quyen theo each ngSn ch#n hyu qua

bat lyi cua viyc ap dyng phap luat nude ngoai.
Luan an lam rd nyi dung, hinh thuc, pham vi, hiyu lyc.. cua quyen lya chyn

phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai co yeu to nude ngoai nhu la c3n

cu de ghi nhan day du nyi ham cua quyen lua chyn phap luat trong quan hy kinh
doanh, thuong mai vdi y nghTa la mot che dinh phap luat co ban.
Luan an luan giai nyi dung quyen cua cac chu the kinh doanh, thuong mai cd

yeu to nude ngoai duyc lya chyn phap luat dieu chinh quan hy phat sinh tu hyp

dong va ngoai hyp dong nhftm tyo co so phap ly de phap luat nude ngoai (do cac

chu the lya chyn) duyc doi xu ngang bang vdi phap luyt trong nude, qua dd tyo
niem tin cho cac chu the tich cue tham gia cac quan hy kinh doanh, thuong mai cd
yeu to nude ngoai.

Luan an da phan tich va danh gia thyc trang phap luat Viyt Nam ve quyen
lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai

theo ba van de Ion la: Lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai
cd yeu to nude ngoai vdi y nghTa la quyen n&ng cua cac chu the kinh doanh, thuong
myi; Quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu td


nude ngoai phat sinh tir hyp ddng; Quyen lya chyn phap luat trong hoyt dyng kinh

doanh, tlnrong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai phat sinh ngoai hyp ddng.
Luan an chi ra nhttng han ehe, mau thuan trong cac quy dinh cua phap luat
Viyt Nam hiyn hanh khong tao dieu kiyn va cac edn cu phdp ly day du cho cac chu

thd kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude ngoai thyc hiyn quyen lya chyn phap
luat.

Luyn an phan tich thyc tien thyc thi quyen lya chyn phap luyt cua cdc chu the

kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai bdi cdc cdc co quan giai quyet tranh
chap tyi Viyt Nam. Viyc cdc co quan giai quyet tranh chap chua ndm chdc nyi ham

cua quyen lya chyn phdp luat trong qud trinh giai quyet tranh chap, s2 dan den hy
qua dp dyng phdp luat Viyt Nam thay cho phdp luat nude ngoai (do cdc ben lya

chyn) ddng 12 ra phai duyc dp dung.

Tren co sd nghien cuu quy dinh tai myt so dieu udc qudc te va phdp luyt myt

so nude ve luat dp dyng, ve quyen lya chyn phdp luyt trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh,
thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai. Luyn dn rut ra xu hudng phdt trien khach quan

cua tu phdp qudc te Viyt Nam, Luan dn dd luyn giai co sd khoa hyc cho nhttng giai
phdp va kien nghi ve hoan thiyn phdp luat Viyt Nam ve quyen lya chyn phdp luat

trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai.

5. Ket cau cua Luan an
Ngoai phan Md dau, Ket luan va Danh myc tai liyu tham khao, nyi dung cua

Luan dn gom 04 chuong sau day:

Chuong 1: Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu va co sd ly thuyct cua de tai

nghien cuu

Chuong 2: Nhttng van de ly luan ve quyen lya chyn phdp luyt trong hoyt
dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai
Chuong 3: Quyen lua chyn phdp luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong
mai cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh tu hyp ddng

Chuong 4: Quyen lua chyn phdp luat trong hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong

mai cd yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh ngoai hyp ddng


12

Chuong 1

TONG QUAN TiNH HINH NGHIEN CUU

VA CO Sd LY THUYET CUA DE TAI NGHIEN CUU
1.1. Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu
Tai Viyt Nam va d nude ngoai, van de ve “Quyen lya chyn phap luyt trong

hoyt dyng kinh doanh. thuong myi” co yeu to nude ngoai chira duyc nghien cuu

myt cdch day du d cap dy Luan dn tien si luyt hyc. l rong thyc tien, van de quyen
lya chyn phap luat chi duyc ddt ra trong quan hy phap luyt mang tinh dan sy co yeu

to quoc te4. Mdc du vay, lien quan den de tai cua Luyn an cho den nay dd co nhieu

cong trinh nghien cuu, d tung goc dy hyp hon dd duyc cong bo d trong nude va
nude ngoai dudi nhieu goc dy khac nhau la nhung van de gyi md, duyc phan tich
trong cac bai viet ddng tai tren cdc tap chi hodc co cdc sdeh chuyen khdo, cdc cong

trinh nghien cuu chuyen sau, binh luan ve phdp luyt thuong myi quoc te, ve quan hy
dan sy cd yeu to nude ngoai, ve tu phdp quoc te, ve xung dyt phdp luyt, ve giai
quySt xung dyt phdp luyt, ve quyen lya chyn phdp luyt, ve vi§c lya chyn phdp lu§t

cua cdc ben trong hyp dong mua ban hang hod quoc te ho$c hyp dong vyn chuyen

hang hod quoc te bdng dudng bien, ve quyen chyn luyt dp dyng trong bdi thudng

thiyt hai phat sinh ngoai hyp dong cd yeu to nude ngoai... Nhin chung, chua cd
nhttng cong trinh nghien cuu myt each day du va toan diyn ve quyen lya chyn phdp
luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai cd yeu to nude ngoai ...Tuy nhien, vdi

NCS day la cong trinh nghien cuu quan tryng, ddt nen tang co sd ly luan va cd gid

tri tham khao trong viyc nghien cuu nhung van de lien quan den de tai cua Luyn an.
Viyc danh gid tinh hinh nghien cuu d cdc tieu myc dudi day lien quan den

Luan an, s£ duyc xem xet theo hai goc dy la tinh hinh nghien cuu lien quan den de

tai duyc thyc hiyn d nude ngoai va tinh hinh nghien cuu lien quan den de tai duyc
thuc hiyn tai Viyt Nam. Ve ket qua nghien cuu, Luan an se danh gid tinh hinh

nghien cuu theo 03 van de la: (i). Nhung van de ly luan chung lien quan den quyen

lya chyn phdp luat trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude ngoai;

(ii). Nhttng cong trinh nghien cuu lien quan den quyen lya chyn phdp luyt de dieu
4 Denis Tallon (1983), Civil law and Commercial! law, International Encyclopedia of Comparative law, Vol

VIII, Chapter 2, tr. 4 - 5. '


chinh quan hy kinh doanh, thuong myi c6 yeu to nude ngoai phdt sinh tu hyp dong;

(Hi). Nhttng cong trinh nghien cuu lien quan den quyen lya chQn phdp luyt trong
hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai co y6u to nude ngoai phdt sinh ngoai hop dong.
1.1.1. Tinh hinh nghien ciru d niroc ngoai

LL1,
1.

Nhung van de ly lu(in chung lien quan den quyen lua chgn phdp luat

trong ho {it dpng kinh doanh, thuvng mai cd yeu to nude ngodi

Khi nghien cuu nhttng van de ly luyn chung ve quyen lya chQn phdp lu§t

trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu td nude ngodi, NCS d$t van de
nghien cuu cy the ly luan vd quyen lya chQn phdp luyt dp dyng doi vdi nghTa vy

phdt sinh tu hyp ddng va quydn lya chyn phdp luyt dp dyng doi vdi nghTa vy phdt
sinh ngoai hyp dong. Theo NCS, ve mdt ly luyn dieu quan trQng nhat can lam sang

to Id phai 1dm rd khdi niym, ddc diem vd bdn chat cua hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong
myi cd ydu to nude ngodi; Khdi niym, nguyen tdc, pham vi vd gidi hyn cua quyen

lya chyn phdp luyt doi vdi nghTa vy tir hyp dong trong hoyt dQng kinh doanh,
thuong myi co y6u to nude ngodi; Khdi niym, nQi dung quyen lya chQn phdp luyt
doi nghTa vy ngodi hyp ddng vd nhttng van de lien quan ranh gidi gitta nghTa vy tir
hyp dong vd nghTa vy ngodi hyp dong trong hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd
yeu to nude ngodi. Lien quan den nhdng nQi dung ndy, cdc cong trinh nghien cuu d

nude ngodi cho thay:

Tltu nhat, ve khdi ni(>m, dac diem vd bdn chat cua hoat dQng kinh doanh,
thuong mai co yeu to nude ngodi.
Khdi niym ve kinh doanh, thuong myi co yeu to nude ngodi hay hoyt dQng

kinh doanh, thuong myi cd ydu to nude ngodi tir xua den nay van la van de chua cd

sy thong nhat. 6 cdc nude theo hy thong phdp luyt Common law, cdc nha nghien
cuu cung nhu khoa hyc phdp ly khong chu trQng vao viyc neu ra khdi niym v£ hoat
dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai hay hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi cd yeu to nude

ngodi, nguyc lai cho thay co sy thong nhat quan diem cho rdng hoat dyng kinh

doanh, thuong myi la hoyt dQng cua cdc thuong nhan dii no duyc thyc hiyn d trong
nude hay d phym vi qudc te.
Ndm 1983, tac gid Denis Tallon trong cong trinh nghien cuu cd ten gQi

“Civil law and Commercial law, International Encyclopedia of Comparative law”


14
cho r^ng vi hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi quoc te la hoat dQng cua thuong
nhan tren phym vi qudc te, vuyt ra pham vi cua quoc gia, do dd Lex Mercatoria

(Luyt cua thuong nhan) ra ddi vdi y nghia la luyt ap dyng cho gidi thuong nhan va
Lex Mercatoria ton tai dpc lap vdi luat giao hQi va typ quan phap (Custom law)5.
Tdc gid Denis Tallon chi dya vao yeu to qudc te de ndi den hanh vi kinh doanh,

thuong myi cd yeu to nude ngoai ma khong di vao luyn giai khdi niym ndy.
NguQc lyi, tyi cdc nude theo theo hy thdng phdp luyt Civil law cd sy quan

tarn luyn gidi de lam rd khdi niym, d$c diem cua hoyt dyng kinh doanh, thuong myi
cd ydu to nude ngoai hay gQi Id ydu to qudc te vdi myc dich de phan biyt hoyt dQng
kinh doanh, thuong mai vdi hoat dQng khong phai la kinh doanh, thuong mai va cho
rdng hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi la hoat dQng cua cdc thuong nhan de thyc

hiyn cdc hanh vi thuong mai. Ndm 2004, tdc gid Alan Redfern, trong cong trinh

nghien cuu “Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration" cho rdng
hoyt dQng thuong myi, theo nghTa rQng, duyc hieu la nhttng hoyt dQng duyc thyc

hiyn bdi thuong gia ho$c cdc thuong nhan trong qud trinh kinh doanh, du do la mua

ban thiet bj vdn phong hay thue d to6. Alan Redfern cho rdng diem chung cua hoyt

dQng kinh doanh, thuong myi chinh la hoyt dQng cua thuong nhan nhdm myc dich
kiem ldi. Con hoyt dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai qudc te la hoyt dQng kinh doanh

mang trong minh nd yeu to qudc te vi nd vuyt ra khdi bien gidi cua mQt qudc gia.

Diem chung cua hoat dQng kinh doanh, thuong mai qudc te chinh la hanh vi kinh
doanh cua cac thuong nhan vuyt ra bien gidi cua mQt qudc gia mang yeu to qudc te.
Tuy nhien, tac gia nay chua phan tich de lam rd the nao la hoat dQng kinh doanh,

thuong myi vuyt ra khdi bien gidi cua myt qudc gia.
Cd the thay, cdc cong trinh nghien cuu neu tren dd thdng nhat rdng van de

lya chyn phap luyt trong hoat dyng kinh doanh, thuong mai chi d$t ra trong quan hy

tu phap qudc te, tuc la trong quan hy kinh doanh, thuong mai qudc te. Song chua cd
cong trinh chuyen sau phan tich de lam rd cac van de nhu: Hoat dQng kinh doanh,
5 Denis Tallon (1983), Tldd tr 4- 5.
6 Alan Redfern, Martin Hunter, Nigel Blackary (2004), Law and practice of international commercial

arbitration. Swet&Maxwell, London 2004. Bdn djeh ra tieng Vi?t tir nguyen ban tieng Anh Id Phdp luqt vd

th\rc tien trpng tai thwng mai qudc te bdi VCCI, V1AC vd DAN1DA thdng 2 ndm 2009, tr. 20.