BQ GIAO DQC VA DAO TAO
TRUING DAI HQC LUAT TP. H6 CHI MINH
■■1996
TRUONG DAI HOC LUAT
TP. HdCHl MINH

NGUYEN HUU THE TRACH

QUYEN BAO CHIA CUA BI CAN,
BI CAO LA AGIO! CHVA THANH NIEN
TRONG TO TVNG HINH SV VIET NAM
Chuyen nganh: Luat hinh str va To tijng hinh sir
MS so: 62.38.01.04

LUAN AN TIEN SI LUAT HQC
TT TT-Thu1 vi$n BH Lu$t TP.HCM

Ngirtfi hirtfng dan khoa hQc:
PGS.TS. TRAN VAN DQ

TP. HdCHl MINH-2014


LCD CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi. Cac ket qua, so
lieu nghien cuu neu trong Luan an la trung thuc va toi xin chiu trach nhiem v6 tit ca

nhung so lieu va ket qua nghien cuu do. Luan an nay chua tung dupe ai cong bd
trong bat ky cong trinh nao khac.

NGUYEN HU*U THE TRACH


DANH MVC CHU- VIET TAT

BCVND

: Bao chua vien nhan dan

BLHS

: Bq luat hinh su

CCTP

: Cai each tu phdp

CTN

: Chua thanh nien

CQDT

: Co quan dieu tra

CtTQT

: Cong udc quoc

HDXX


: HQi dong xet xu

HTND

: HQi thdm nhan dan

NBC

: Nguoi bao chtta

QBC

: Quyen bao chua

QCN

: Quyen con ngudi

THTT

: Tien hanh to tqng

TTHS

: Td tung hinh sir

TAND

: Toa an nhan dan


TNHS

: Trach nhi^m hinh su

TGPL

: TrQ giup phap ly

VKSND

: Vi§n kiem sat nhan dan

VAHS

: Vu an hinh sir

XHCN

: Xa h$i chu nghTa


MVC LQC

Phan 1: PHAN MO DAU

1

Phan 2: T6NG QUAN VAN DF. NGHIEN CUU


8

Phan 3: NQI DUNG KET QUA NGHIEN CtTU

CHUONG 1:

NHLNG VAN DE LY LUAN VE QUY1LN BAO
CHtTA CUA Bl CAN, bi cAo LA nguCh CHUA
THANH NIEN

31

31

1.1. Khdi ni?m quydn bao chua cua bj can, bj cdo la ngudi chua
thanh nien trong to tung hinh sy Vi^t Nam

31

1.2. Vai tro va ddc diem cua quydn bao chtta cua bi can, bi cdo la
nguai chua thanh nien

42

1.3. Quydn bao chua cua nguai chua thanh nien trong phap luat td
tung hinh su nude ngoai

67

THJ/C TRANG THtfC HI£N QUYEN BAO

CHEA CUA B| CAN, BI CAO LA NGL'Ol CHUA
THANH NIEN TRONG T6 TVNG HiNH SV

81

2.1. Quy djnh cua phdp luat td tyng hinh sy ve quydn bdo chua cua bj
can, bi cdo la ngudi chua thdnh nien

81

2.2. Thye tidn thyc hi§n quydn bao chtfa cua bi can, bi cdo la ngudi
chua thanh nien trong td tung hinh sy

113

CHUONG 2:

CHlTONG 3:

GIAI PHAP TANG ClTCXNG BAO DAM QUY^N
BAO CHUA CUA BJ CAN, BI CAO LA NGlTOl
CHITA THANH NIEN TRONG TO T\JNG HiNH

SV*

139

3.1. Yeu cau bao ddm quydn bao chtta trong edi edeh tu phap vd xay
dyng nha nude phap quydn xd h$i chu nghia Vi$t Nam


139

3.2. M$t so gidi phdp

145

KET LUAN

165

DANH MVC TAI LlfU THAM KHAO
PHV LVC


1

Phan 1

PHAN Md DAU
1.

Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

QuySn con nguoi la thanh qua phat trien lau dai cua ljch su, la mQt trong

nhung gia tri quy bau nhat cua nen vSn minh nhan loai trong then dai ngay nay.

Nhung gia tri ndn tang tao nen QCN la: Nhan pham - Ty do - Binh ding - Nhan dao
- Khoan dung va Trach nhiym. Day la nhung gia tri von c6 d tat ca cac nen vSn h6a,


duyc qudc t£ hoa nhim bao vy no trong ddi song xa hQi. Trong cac quyen co ban
do, QCN trong TTHS, trong do co quyen tre em va viyc bao dam quyen tre em la rat

quan trong va vi the viec nghien cuu lam sang to nhung gia tri cao quy ve QCN,
nhit la cac quyen neu tren deu duyc quan tarn nghien cuu trong cac cong trinh

nghien cuu khoa hoc.

Viyt Nam dang trong tien trinh CCTP nhim xay dyng nha nunc phap quyen
XHCN. Dang va Nha nuoc ta da khing djnh quyet tarn chinh trj m^nh mg cua minh
trong viyc thuc hiyn chu truong va trien khai cac nhiym vy CCTP. Nghi quyet 08-

NQ/TW cua Bq chinh tri ve CCTP da tao su chuyen bien tich cue trong nhan thuc
cua can bQ co quan tu phap, cac nganh, cac cap va nhan dan ve vi tri, vai tro, tarn

quan trong cua cong tac tu phap. Qua do, he thong cac co quan tu phap da duyc
cung cd ca ve to chuc by may va cong tac c&n bQ. Chat luyng didu tra, truy td, xet

xu va cac hoat d$ng bo try tu phap tung buoc duyc nang cao. Viyc bit, giam giu da

duyc xem xet, kiem tra thudng xuyen, cong tac xet xu duyc xem xet than tryng dam
bao dung nguoi, dung tyi, dung phap luat. Sau Um nSm thyc thi chien luyc CCTP,

Chu tich nuoc Truong Tan Sang nhan xet buoc dau qua trinh c&i edeh da thuc day
nang cao hieu qua hoat dQng cua cac co quan tu phap, hudng toi xay dung ndn tu

phap "trong sack, vung manh, dan chu, nghiem minh, bao ve cong ly, bao ve quy(In

con nguai”. Tuy nhien, cong tac tu phap vin con bQC 1q nhieu han ch£ nhu dyi ngu


can bQ tu phap, bo try tu phap con thieu, trinh dQ nghiyp vy va b&n linh chinh tri cua


2

mQt bQ phan can bo con yeu, van de bao dam QCN nhat la QBC cua bi can, bi cao

noi chung va cua bi can, bi cao la nguoi CTN noi rieng con co han che, sai sot. Van

con tinh trang oan, sai trong dieu tra, truy to, xet xu, nhat la doi vdi bi can, bi cao la

nguoi CTN. Phap luat TTHS da quy dinh thu tuc giai quyet nhung vu an do nguoi
CTN thuc hien kha day du, cu the, trong do co van de bao dam QBC cua hQ. Tuy

nhien, trong thuc tidn van dung do xuat phat tu nhung nguyen nhan khach quan, chu
quan nen chat luong dieu tra, truy to, xet xu van con nhieu han che, chua bao dam cac
quyen va loi ich hop phap cua hQ, con boc 1q nhieu thieu sot, dan den vipc giai quyet

nhung vu an khong dat hipu qua cao cung nhu quyen va lpi ich hop phap cua nguoi
CTN bi xam hai, chua dap ung doi hoi cua tien trinh doi moi tu phap 6 Vipt Nam.

Xet tu goc do quy dinh phap luat, viec nghien cuu ve QBC trd nen cap thiet

hon nua khi Hien phap 2013 ben canh viec xac dinh nguyen tac tranh tung la
nguyen tac trong hoat dong xet xu cua toa an cung da xac dinh QBC la mQt trong

cac QCN, quyen co ban cua cong dan. Phap luat hipn hanh, cu the la Bq luat TTHS

2003 da danh mQt chuong rieng (chuong XXXII) quy dinh ve thu tyc doi vdi ngudi
CTN. Do la nhung quy dinh thu tuc dac bipt ve viec bit, tarn giu, tarn giam; v£ thu


tuc dieu tra, truy to, xet xu, thi hanh an; viec tham gia to tung cua gia dinh, nha
truong, cua NBC... doi vdi nhung vu an co nguoi CTN pham toi. Thuc tidn ap

dung phap luat cho thay nhung quy dinh cua Bq luat TTHS 2003 ddi vdi nguoi
CTN pham tpi tuy da tuong doi hoan chinh, nhung khong kho de nhan thiy tinh

chua chat che, chua day du, chua dap ung dupe yeu cau thuc tien cua cac quy dinh
nay. Nhung bat cap nay da dan den su tuy tien cua co quan THTT va nguoi THTT
xam pham den quyen va lpi ich hpp phap cua nguoi CTN. Vdi nhung vin dd neu
tren, quy dinh cua phap luat TTHS ddi vdi nguoi CTN pham tQi dat ra nhung vin

de can phai hoan thien theo hudng can thiet phai cd nhung quy dinh cu the, chat

che, thdng nhit hon nua trong Bo luat TTHS vd thu tuc td tung ddi vdi bi can, bi
cao la nguoi CTN.


3

V6 mat thuc tien, viec khdi td, didu tra, truy td va xet xu ddi vdi nhung vu an
ma bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN trong nhung n£m qua cho thay khi ap dyng nhung

quy dinh vd thu tuc dac biyt nay con boc ly nhieu han che, bat cap. Nguyen nhan
mot phAn la do co quan THTT chua nSm vung va van dyng chua chinh xac, triyt de
quy dinh cua phap luat td tung lien quan den qua trinh gi&i quyet vy an do ngudi
CTN pham tpi va myt phan do nhan thuc cua myt by phan can by nhttng ngudi

THTT con xem nhy vai tro CCTP, tham chi do lyi ich cue by, khong chap hanh


nghiem ng&t cac quy djnh cua phap luat TTHS, thieu ton tryng va xem nhy quyen
lyi cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN.

Tu cac goc do quy dinh phap luat va thuc tien ap dung phap luat noi tren,
viec nghien cuu lam sang td van de bao dam QCN noi chung va QBC cua bi can, bi

cao la ngudi CTN trong TTHS noi rieng theo tinh than CCTP d Viet Nam hiyn nay
la hoan toan cap thiet. Xuat phat tu nhung ly do tren, tac gia chon de tai “Quydn

bao chua cua bi can, bi cdo Id ngufri chua thdnh nien trong to tung hinh su‘ Vi£t

Nam” lam luan an Tien si.
2.

Muc dich va nhi$m vu nghien cihi

2.1. Muc dich nghien cuu
Muc dich nghien cuu cua bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hyc nao cung

deu tra ldi cho cau hoi: viec thuc hien cong trinh nghien cuu nhSm vao edi gi? Day
cung chinh la y nghTa thuc tien cua kdt qua nghien cuu. Khong n£m ngoai each tidp

can tren, chung toi xac dinh myc tieu cua luan an nhSm nang cao hiyu qua thyc thi
co che dam bao QBC cua bi can bi cao la ngudi CTN.
2.2. Nhiem vu nghien cuu
Neu nhu muc tieu nghien cuu dat ra cau hoi: nghien cuu nhSm dat duyc cai

gi thi nhiem vu nghien cuu lai tra ldi cho cau hoi - edn phai lam nhu thd nao de dat

duyc muc tieu.

Tren co sd myc tieu tren, chung toi xay dyng nhiym vy nghien cuu nhu sau:


4

Thu nhdt, ph&i phan tich, danh gia dupe sy tdc d$ng cua ly thuyit ve QBC
cua bi can, bi cao noi chung va bi can, bi cdo la nguoi CTN noi rieng den chat

luyng cua quy dinh phap luat ve quyen nay.
Thu hai, xac dinh, phan tich duyc cac yeu to tao nen tinh chat ddc thu cua bi

can, bj cao la nguoi CTN nhu chu the ddc biet tham gia to tyng.
Thu ba, phan tich va danh gid dupe thuc trang quy dinh phdp luat ve QBC

cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN cung nhu quy dinh phap luat ve co che ddm bdo
thuc thi quyen nay.
Thu tu, phan tich va danh gia quy dinh phap luat cua mpt so quoc gia dien

hinh vi QBC cua bi can, bi cao la nguoi CTN.

Thu ndm, tren co so so sanh quy dinh phap luat Viet Nam ve QBC cua bj

can, bi cao la nguoi CTN vdi kinh nghiem cua mot so nude, dua ra duoc cac kien
nghi nang cao hieu qua nhdm dam bao thuc thi quyen nay.

3.

Pham vi, ddi tiryng nghien cihi

3.7. Pham vi nghien cuu


Pham vi nghien cuu co thi hieu la doi tuong nghien cuu duyc khao sdt, nghien
cuu trong pham vi nhdt dinh ve mdt thdi gian, khong gian va linh vuc nghien cuu.

Ve mdt thdi gian:
- Vi vdn ban phap luat, luan an chu yiu duyc viit tren co so phan tich, danh

gia quy dinh phdp luat TTHS tir ndm 1998 din nay. Ben canh dd di lam rd qud trinh
hinh thanh va phat triin cua chi dinh QBC noi chung va QBC cua bi can, bi cao la
nguoi CTN noi rieng luan an cd de cap tdi nhung n$i dung chu yeu cua quy dinh

phap luat vi van de nay tir giai doan ndm 1945.

- Ve so li^u khao sdt thu tuc TTHS, luan an se phan tich tren cac sd lieu tir

trudc ndm 2009 din ndm 2012.


5

Ve mat khong gian, ddi tugng nghien ciru se duoc phan tich va danh gia qua

quy dinh phap luat Viet Nam va phap luat cac nude Cong hoa Phap, Hoa Ky, Lien

Bang Nga va C$ng hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa.

dpng td tung tu cac Doan luat su tren dia ban Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Kien Giang,

Tidn Giang, Lam Dong; TAND tdi cao va dac biet 1& TAND Thanh phd Hd Chi


Minh. Vi§c chQn lira cac dia ban khao sat noi tren duoc gi&i thich bdi cac ly do nhu
sau:
Thu nhat, ngudi thuc hien luan an la can bo tu phap cua phia Nam vdi tren

10 nam kinh nghiem thuc te thi vi^c tich gop va thu thap so lieu tren dia ban phia
Nam se la thuan lai dau tien. Nhung chinh dieu nay cung la mot han che cho viec

thu thap so lieu d cac dia ban khac, dac biet la khu vuc phia Bic. Tren dia ban khu

vuc phia Nam, neu xet ve so lugng vu an thi cac tinh Kien Giang, Tien Giang, Lam
Dong va dac bi$t la Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh co sd lugng VAHS lien quan tdi ngudi

CTN pham tpi cao hon so vdi cac dia ban khac (co the tham khao Phu lye 3, 4, 5,
6). Xet vd goc do ap dung phap luat, muc dich cua vi?c lira chQn cac dia ban va ddi

chidu giua thuc tidn tien hanh td tung tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vdi cac dia ban
tren nham cho thdy muc do anh hudng cua cac yeu td chu quan cua ngudi THTT

den hi^u qua thuc thi phap luat noi chung va QBC cua ngudi CTN noi rieng.

Thu hai, vi§c khong tidn hanh liy sd Hqu khao sat tir khu vuc phia BSc hoan
toan khong xuat phat tir viec phu nhan gia tri thuc tidn cua sd lieu. V4n dd d chd,

thyc tidn THTT tai khu vuc phia B^c da dupe nghien cuu, xem xet qua cac didn

dan, Hdi th&o, tap hudn, c£c tai Hqu bao cao chuyen nganh. Cung vdi nhung kho

khan mang tinh chat chu quan va khach quan cua viec thu thap sd li?u, thay vi tidn
hanh 14y khao tu cac co quan THTT d phia BSc, chung tdi sd tidn hanh phan tich


cac sd lieu cd dune tir cac bai viet tren H$i thao, didn dan khoa hQc va Bdo c&o

chuyen nganh.


6

Ve linh vuc nghien cuu: trong tarn nghien cuu cua luan an la cac van de ly
luan va thuc tien ve QBC cua bi can, bj cao la nguai CTN trong TTHS Viet Nam.

Ben canh do, dd co them tinh thuyet phuc cho co so thuc tien va ly luan cua viec

dua ra cac kien nghi, luan an thuc hien vi§c phan tich, so sanh vdi phap luat to tung
cua mgt s6 nude tren the gidi trong linh vuc lien quan. Vi§c lua chgn h§ thong phap

luat nude ngoai de so sanh dugc dua tren cac tieu chi nhu tinh tuang dong ve cac
dieu ki§n kinh td, chinh tri, xa hgi, vSn hoa, tinh chat dien hinh ve co sd phap ly
cung nhu thuc tien cua hoat dong TTHS lien quan tdi ddi tugng nghien cuu cua

luan an.
3.2. Ddi tuang nghien cuu

Ddi tuang nghien cuu khoa hoc la QBC cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN theo

quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam va phap luat mot sd quoc gia.

4.

Nhung diem mdi cua luan an


Luan an da lam ro dugc mQt sd nhung van dd ly luan vd QBC cua bi can, bi

cao la ngudi CTN trong TTHS Viet Nam; danh gia dugc vai tro cua QBC va xac
dinh rd nhung dSc diem ve noi dung va hinh thuc thuc hien QBC cua bi can, bi cao
la ngudi CTN trong TTHS Viet Nam;

Luan an da khai quat dugc phap luat TTHS Viet Nam vd QBC noi chung va
cua bj can, bi cao la ngudi CTN noi rieng va lam rd dugc su hinh thanh, phat trien
cua che dinh nay trong phdp luat TTHS Vi§t Nam, rut ra nhung kd thua can thidt

cho vi§c tiep tuc hoan thi$n che dinh nay;
Luan an dua ra dugc nhung thong tin khoa hgc vd chd dinh QBC cua ngudi
bi bugc tgi la ngudi CTN trong phap luat cua Cgng hoa Phap, Hoa Ky, Cgng hoa

Lien bang Nga va Cong hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa, do la nhung qudc gia dai di$n
cho cac truyen thong phap luat khac nhau, dong thdi cung la nhung nude ma phap

luat Viet Nam cd nhung anh hudng nhdt dinh. Tu nhttng nghien cuu do luan an co
nhung so sanh va tidp thu cd chgn lgc, tu do kidn nghi nhung giai phap vd mat phap


7

luat nhSm hoan thien phap luat ve QBC cua bi can, bi cao la nguoi CTN trong

TTHS Viet Nam;

Tren co so ket qua nghien cuu ve ly luan va thuc tien, luan an da de xuat
duoc mQt he thdng cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua viec thuc hien QBC cua
bi can, bi cao la nguoi CTN, dong thdi bao dam xac dinh su that cua vu an khach


quan, toan dien va day du, gop phan giai quyet dung dan vu an hinh su.
5.

Y nghia khoa hQC va thuc tien cua de tai

Day la cong trinh khoa hQC nghien cuu mQt each co he thong, toan dien,
chuyen sau ve van de QBC cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN trong TTHS va cac bien
phap bao dam thuc hien QBC cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN.

Luan an vdi nhung phan tich sau sac cac van de ly luan ve thu tuc TTHS ddi

vdi ngudi CTN pham toi va nhung khao sat, phan tich, danh gia thuc tien ap dung
cac quy dinh phap luat TTHS ve QBC cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN se dong gop
khong nhd trudc het cho cac nha lap phap. Dinh hudng hoan thien Bo luat TTHS
2003 va nhung kien nghi cu the hoan thi$n cac quy dinh cu the cua Bq luat TTHS

2003 lien quan den QBC cua bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN hoan toan cd the la cac
vAn de ma cac nha lap phap co the nghien cuu, can nhac, xem xet trong qua trinh

sua ddi, bo sung Bo luat TTHS 2003.
Ket qua nghien cuu cua luan an cung co thd duoc su dung lam tai lieu nghien

cuu chuyen sau, tai lieu tham khao co gia tri trong hoat dqng lap phap TTHS, trong

thuc tien dieu tra, truy to, xet xu cung nhu trong nghien cuu, giang day ve TTHS.


8


Phan 2
TONG QUAN VAN DE NGHIEN CUU

1.

Tong quan tinh hinh nghien ciru

1.1. Tinh hinh nghien cuu ngoai nude

Quyen bao chua cua bi can, bi cao trong TTHS la nQi dung dupe nhieu nha
nghien cuu ly luan trong va ngoai nude de cap. Ddc biQt, QBC cua bi can, bj cdo Id

ngudi CTN trong TTHS luon duyc cac nha nghien cuu chu trQng, xuat phat tir d£c

diAm tarn sinh ly, nhan thuc...cua ngudi CTN pham t$i va chinh sach chdm soc, bao
ve tre em cua mdi quoc gia cung nhu CQng dong quoc te. Cac cong trinh nghien cuu

vA vAn dA nay cd the khai quat nhu sau:
Trude hAt la cac cong trinh nghien cuu dudi dang tai Hqu chuyen khao, tham

khao, giao trinh, binh luan khoa hQC. Day la nhung tai li§u mang tinh chat pho biAn
cung cAp nhung tri thuc ly luan co ban nhat lien quan den dA tai luan an, cu th A nhu:

- A guide to juvenile court law cua tdc gia Gilbert H.F.Mumford, nQi dung

chu yeu de cap den khdi ni?m ngudi CTN va d$ tudi chiu trdch nhi^m hinh sy

(TNHS) la tir 14 den 17 tudi. DA dua ra khai ni^m nay, tdc gid da dua vdo djnh
nghTa cua The Children and Young Persons Act cua nhung ndm 1933 va 1938. Ben
canh do, tac gid con de cap den phien toa xet xu ngudi CTN pham luat se duQc tiAn


hanh theo cac hinh thuc nhu dua ra xet xu gian don nhu mQt

cuqc

thao luan (chi cd

m$t th Am phan tham gia) hay xet xu tai Toa an vdi sy cd mdt cua Bdi th Am doan.

Thanh phan xet xir se gom 3 tham phan va trong do it nhat phdi co mQt ngudi Id ntt

gidi.
- Law of Juvenile Delinquency cua tac gid Frederick B. Sussmann, A.B.,

M.S. in Ed., LL.B xuat ban ndm 1968 tai New York dA cap dAn quy trinh, thu tyc
dieu tra va xet xir ddi vdi ngudi CTN pham toi. Tuy nhien, nhom tdc gid nay chi

mdi neu duyc khai quat cdc thu tuc TTHS ddi vdi VAHS su tham gia cua ngudi
CTN pham tQi ma chua chi ra duyc quy trinh, thu tyc diAu tra se bdt ddu nhu thA
nao...


9

- Human rights in the English criminal trial - Human rights in criminal
procedure, Editor John M. Andrew, United Kingdom National Committee of

Comparative Law, 1982. (K. W. Lidstone, Quydn con nguai trong cac phien tda

hinh su d Anh - Tap chi Quyen con nguai trong TTHS, Bien tap John M. Andrew,

Uy ban Qudc gia ve Luat so sanh cua Anh qudc, nSm 1982). Npi dung chu yeu phan

tich ve nhurng yeu cau nhim dam bao nhung quyen co ban cua con nguai trong mQt

phien tda hinh su tai Anh qudc nhu co su tham gia cua Bdi thim doan; quyen co
mQt Bdi tham doan cong tarn (khong thien vi); quyen co mQt phien tda cong bang

va th Am phan khong thien vi; tu do bao chi tai phien tda; quyen duQC hudng su trQ
giup phap ly (TGPL); quydn tranh luan va cd ngudi dai dien; bi cao phai duQC cho

la khong cd toi truac khi ban an dugc phan quydt; quyen duQC gitr im lang; quyen
duac kiem tra va kidm tra cheo ddi vdi nhan chung; quyen kidm tra chung cu va cac

ldi cao buQC... Ngoai ra, tac gia da tap trung phan tich vao hai qua trinh then chot la
“tham vAn/ tra hoi” (inquisitorial procedures) va “truy td/ td tyng” (accusatorial

procedures). Va tac gia cho ding ca hai qua trinh nay deu phu thuQC vao yeu td
ngudi THTT va kdt luan neu nhu khong dam bao duQC “quyen” (quyen gid im l^ng,
quyen nhd NBC, quyen dua ra yeu cau...) cho ngudi pham tQi thi QCN sd khong

duac dam bao. De lam rd QBC cua ngudi pham tQi, tac gia su dung phuang phap so
sanh quydn nay giua cac nude Tay Au: Vuong qudc Anh (Anh Qudc, C$ng Hoa

Ireland, Wales, Scotland), Tay Due, Phap...Tom lai, tac gia da phan tich vd mat ky
thuat phap ly cac quyen cua nhung ngudi tham gia phien tda hinh sy dSc bi?t la

quyen cua bi cao.
- The guarantees for accused persons under Article 6 of the European
Convention on Human Rights tarn dich Dam bao quyen cho nguai bj bupc tQi theo


Dieu 6 Cong udc chau Au ve nhan quyen cua tac gia Stephanos Stavros, NXB
Sweet & Maxwell, Anh qudc, nSm 1993. Cong udc chau Au vd nhan quydn, ten

chinh thuc la Cong udc bao

vq

nhan quyen va cac quydn ty do can ban {Convention

for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms). Dieu 6 dua


10

ra quyen dupe xet xu cong bang each chi tiet, trong do co quyen dupe xet xu cong
khai truoc mQt toa an dpc lap va khong thien vi trong thoi gian horp ly, quySn dupe

coi la vd tpi khi chua co phan quy6t cua toa an, va cac quyen toi thieu khac doi voi

nhung nguoi bi cao bupc mpt tpi hinh su (du thoi gian va cac dieu kien de chuan bi
vi?c bi$n hp bao

vq

hp, ti£p can vdi dai di?n phap luat, quySn tham van cac nhan

chung chong lai hp, quyen dupe co thong dich vien mien phi). Cong trinh phan tich

mpt each day du ve cac vy an cp the tai cac quoc gia thanh vien EU va su dung
phep so sanh giua nhung vu an dupe xet xu theo Cong uoc chau Au ve nhan quyen


voi nhung phan quyet dupe dua tren su ap dung cua cac quoc gia thanh vien. Tac
gia da k£t luan rang Di6u 6 da dupe hieu va van dung vao trong cac luat quoc gia

theo each khac hoan toan voi nhung chu4n muc dupe quy dinh trong Cong uoc.

Van de la cac quoc gia thanh vien hieu, van dung the nao ve nhung quy dinh cua
Cong uoc phu hpp voi truyen thong lap phap cua quoc gia minh.

- Criminal process and human rights cua tap the tac gia la cac giao su, pho
gido su cua cac Truong Dai hpc Luat tai Melbourne: Jeremy Gans, Terese Henning,

Jill Hunter va Kate Warner, NXB New South Wales, Australia, 2011. Npi dung ban

v6 v4n de thuc thi QCN tai Australia dac biet la trong qua trinh TTHS phai dam bao

cac quyen tu do cua con nguoi trong bat giu, giam giu, xet xu; quyen dupe giu im
>

A

lang; quyen dupe xet xu mpt each cong bang.

- The Criminal Law Handbook cua tac gia Paul Bergman & Sara J.BermanBarrett, NXB Nolo nam 2003. Dupe xem nhu la mpt quyen so tay ve Luat hinh sp
voi cac npi dung chu yeu nhu he thong hoat dpng va ly do tai sao canh sat, luat su

va thim phan lam nhung gi hp lam, bao gom: bat giu, phi bao lanh, tim kiem va thu
giu bao v? bang chung thu nghiem...chi phi bao chua, ket an nguoi CTN.

- Children, Rights and the Law, cua tac gia Philip Alston, Stephen Parker va

John A. Seymour, NXB Oxford University Press, The United States of America

nam 1992. Npi dung ma cac tac gia de cap den la vi$c ap dpng trong thang 11 nam

1989, Dai hpi dong Lien hpp quoc, Cong uoc Lien hpp quoc ve quyen tre em da
bao truoc sp xuat hi$n cua mpt ky nguyen moi trong sp phdt trien cua quyen tre


11

em. Tinh ddn thang 3 ndm 1991 cd han 75 qudc gia da phd chuan Cong udc. Vigc

sd lugng cac quoc gia tham gia vao Cong udc va thyc hign Cong udc nhu mQt d6ng
gop chuong trinh khung va nhdm danh gid lai nhttng uu didm va nhugc didm cua
vigc tiSp can cdc vdn dd phuc lgi cua trd em va hanh phuc qua ldng kinh cua mQt

cdch ti£p can “quyen”. Myc dich la dd c6 mQt cai nhin mdi ve nhOrng van de nay vd
lam nhu vay vdi tai ligu tham khdo cy the cho mQt higp udc qudc td chdc chin sd

duyc phe chuan bdi mQt sd lugng rdt ldn cua cdc nude trong mQi khu vyc cua the

gidi va sd sdm dugc rang buQC phdp ly d nhieu tieu bang.
- Criminal Law cases, marterials and problems cua tdc gia David S.
Rudstein, NXB West Group, The United Sates of America ndm 2002. Cong trinh
bao gdm cac trudng hap va quy chd tu khu vyc phap ly khac nhau, cung nhu nhttng

doan trich tu BLHS Model. Ngoai ra, tdc gia da ddt van de chidn luge trong sudt
cong trinh de hQC sinh cd the dp dung phap luat dugc quy dinh trong cdc trudng hgp
va quy chd cdc tinh huong thyc td mdi, do do cho phep hQ kidm tra kien thuc vd
cung cd su hieu bidt cua hg ve cdc nguyen tdc phap ly cd lien quan. Myc dich cua

cong trinh gdm hai phan: dau tien, de giup hQC sinh dat dugc mQt sy hieu biet ve cdc

nguyen tdc chung cua phap luat hinh sy Anh-My; thu hai, dd hd trg sinh vien phdt

trien ky ndng cua hQ trong trudng hgp phan tich, giai thich theo luat dinh, tong hgp

cdc trudng hgp, va giai quydt vdn de.

- Juvenile Court: An Overview cua tdc gid Kathleen Mich on, JD. Tdc gid neu
ldn mQt sd khdi nigm vd Tda dn Vj thanh nien. Moi tieu bang cd nhttng Tda dn ddc

bigt, thudng dugc ggi la Tda dn Vj thanh nien dd xdt xu ngudi CTN, nhttng ngudi
da bi cdo bugc vi pham mQt dao luat hinh sy. Thong thudng, Tda dn Vj thanh nien
vdn giCr quydn hgp phdp ddi vdi ngudi CTN cho mQt khodng thdi gian cho ddn khi

ngudi CTN trd thanh thanh nien, hodc ddi khi tham chi lau hon, nghia Id thong
thudng Tda dn ra quydt dinh, xu phat va quydt dinh dd cd higu lyc cho ddn khi vj

thanh nien du tuoi thanh nien. MQt ngudi tre tudi phdi Id mQt “v/ thanh nien” theo

luat tieu bang thi mdi dugc dua ra xet xu d Tda dn nay. Trong hdu hdt cdc qudc gia,

tuoi tdi da cho ngudi CTN Id 18 tuoi. Trong mQt vdi tieu bang tuoi la 16 ho£c 17, vd


12

trong mQt sd khac tuoi tdi da la 19 tuoi. Cdc qudc gia cung dat ra gidi han tuoi thdp

hern cho du didu kien xet xu d Tda an Vi thanh nien. Hdu hdt cac bang xem xet tre


em dudi 7 tudi khong cd kha nSng xac dinh su khac bi$t giua dung va sai. Vi vay,
tre em dudi bay tudi thudng duyc mien trach nhi^m doi vdi hanh vi ma hQ thyc

hi?n. Thay vao dd, cha me cd the phai bdi thudng thiet hai cho bat cu ai la nan

nhan. Trong mQt sd trudng hyp, tda an cho r^ng cha m? khong thich hQrp de chSm
sdc cho mQt dua tre cd hanh vi sai trai va cam ket se giao con cho ngudi than hoSc

cha me nuoi ch^m sdc, quan ly. Cho du tre dd trong dQ tudi tu 7 den 14 tudi cd the
hinh thanh mQt y dinh pham toi va dieu nay phu thuQC vao Tda dn. Neu tham ph&n

cam thAy r^ng dua tre cd kha nang hinh thanh y dinh pham tQi, dua tre sd duyc dua

ra Tda an Vi thanh nien de xet xu. Hau het cac bang coi tre em 14 tudi trd len la cd

kha nang hinh thanh y dinh pham toi, vi vay phan ldn cac trudng hop lien quan den
nhung ngudi tre tudi tu 14 den 18 tudi duyc xet xu tai Tda an Vi thanh nien. Trong

mQt sd trudng hQrp, ngudi CTN cd thd duyc xet xu tai tda an hinh sy ngudi thanh
nien. Vd thu tyc td tyng, khi mQt ngudi CTN bi tinh nghi vi pham mQt dao luat hinh

su, cdc thu tyc TTHS danh cho ngudi CTN khac vdi cac thu tyc danh cho thanh
nien. Tat ca cac nude da tao ra mQt he thong Tda an Vi thanh nien dSc biet cho

ngudi CTN. Du cd nhung diem khac nhau, nhung nhung ngudi THTT dien hinh
gom canh sat, cong td vien, tham phan. Canh sat, cong td vien, cac quan chuc Tda

an Vi thanh nien chuyen trach, va cac tham phan Tda an Vi thanh nien ddu cd suy
xdt ky ludng de thuc hi$n cac budc chinh thuc horn trong vi?c xu ly cac trudng hyp.


Ket qua la, nhieu ngudi CTN pham tQi khong dat den muc dieu tran xdt xu. Tuang
tu nhu vay, cac quyen Hien dinh cua ngudi CTN la khac vdi cac quydn cua ngudi

thanh nien, nhung ngudi da bi cao buQC pham tQi. Vi dy: ngudi CTN pham tQi cd
quyen cd luat su tai mot buoi dieu tran xet xu, trong hdu hdt cac bang hQ khong cd

quyen cho vu an cua hQ xet xu bdi mot Bdi tham doan. MQt sd vu an ngudi CTN

pham tQi duyc chuydn giao cho Tda an danh cho ngudi thanh nien. Ngudi CTN

pham tQi cd quydn cd mQt budi didu trSn dd xac dinh xem trudng hop cua hQ nen
duyc chuyen giao cho Tda an danh cho ngudi thanh nien.


13

- Magistrate Court Act, tarn dich Dao luat Thdm phan Toa an cua Vuong

quoc Anh, quy dinh ve vi?c thanh lap Toa an; quy tac cua Toa an; giai han tanh tho,
thdm quydn cua Toa dn; bo nhiem thdm phan, thu ky toa an; tham quyen dan sy,

thdm quydn hinh su cua Toa an; tham quydn ddc bi?t trong nhung truong hop nhdt
dinh; chuc ndng va tham quyen cua tham phan; nhi?m vy cua thu ky tda an...MQt

didu quan tryng trong Dao luat Tham phdn Toa an co quy djnh thong thudng nguoi

CTN se duyc xet xu d Tda dn Vi thanh nien, tuy nhien trong mQt sd truong hyp thi
sd duyc xet xu d Tda an danh cho nguoi thanh nien. Cu the la trong cdc truong hyp:
tyi sdt nhan (homicide), sd hftu vu khi quan dung, tyi trang vuyt qua 14 ndm cho


nguoi CTN, xam pham tinh dye, xam pham tinh due vdi tre em, nhtfng toi ddc bi?t

nghiem trong co the bi phat tir 10 ndm tu giam cho nguoi CTN (sat nhan, bdt coc,

v.v..), xet xu cung voi dong pham la nguoi thanh nien.

- Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, tarn dich la Dao luat Canh sdt
hinh su vd chung cu 1984. Day la myt dao luat cua Qudc hyi nhdm tao ra myt
khuon khd phap ly cho quyen luc cua nhan vien canh sdt tai Anh vd xu Wales

chdng tyi pham, cung nhu cung cdp cdc quy trinh cho vi?c thyc hi?n nhUng quyen
luc. Khi thuc hi§n quydn luc ddi vdi cdc truong hyp la ngudi CTN, dao luat cung

quy dinh that chi tidt tirng hanh vi cu the cua canh sdt: khi bdt giu ngudi CTN, vi$c

ddu tien la nhan vien canh sdt se phai thong bao ngay vdi phy huynh, ngudi do ddu,

co quan dia phuong, v.v.. vd vide ly do ngudi CTN bi bdt gift. Lien quan den quy

trinh tham van, lay ldi khai, hoi cung ngudi CTN, ndu trong trudng hyp ma phy
huynh, ngudi dd dau cua ngudi CTN khong the co mdt thi nhan vien ednh sdt sd tidn

hanh lap myt tuyen bo bdng vdn bdn (written statement) cd chu ky cua ngudi CTN
dd chung minh cuyc tham van khong cd ngudi ldn tham dy. Tuy nhien, vi$c 1dm

nay con phu thuyc vao cdc yeu to nhu: phai co su xac nhan (hay uy quydn) cua myt

ngudi dung dau cua canh sdt vd vi?c hai long khi cuyc thdm van khong gay anh


hudng xau den sue khde, tinh than va the xac cua ngudi CTN; sy tri tr$ cd the xay
ra va ddn den su ngdn edn hodc xam pham ddn bdng chung lien quan ddn tyi trang,
anh hudng xau ddn sue khde cua ngudi khde, xam hai hay ddnh mdt tdi sdn, thong


14
bao cho nguoi bi nghi la cd su tham gia trong tQi trang nhung chua bi bit gi&i...
Con khi thdm vdn co sy hi?n dien cua phy huynh, nguoi dd ddu thi nguoi ldn phai

khuyen bao ngudi CTN trong qud trinh thdm van; giam sdt

cuqc

thdm vdn didn ra

mQt each cong bang va chuan xdc; giup cho cuqc dieu tra dugc thuan lgi, tot d$p...

Trong sd tai li§u tieng nude ngoai lien quan tdi de tai luan dn cung cd the ke
tdi cac tai Hqu nhu: He thong tu phdp hinh su cua mQt so nude Chau A, bdn djeh

tidng ViQt cua Vi$n khoa hQC Kiem sdt, VKSND tdi cao; Bq luat td tung hinh su
cua Thai Lan, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, ban dich tidng Vi?t cua Vi$n khoa hQC Kiem
sat, VKSND tdi cao; cd hieu lye thi hanh ndm 1992;

“Principle of Criminal

procedure” tarn dich “ Nguyen tdc cua xet xu vu dn hinh su” cua tac gid Neil
Andrews; “Human rights in the English criminal trial - Human rights in criminal

procedure” tarn dich “Quyen con ngudi trong xet xu vu dn hinh su” cua tac gia K.

W. Lidstone; “Su phat trien cua thanh nien vd xet xu ngudi vf thanh nien” cua tac

gia Cauffman va Steinberg, ndm 2008.
Cac tai li?u tren day cd the cd gid trj rdt cao vd tinh khoa hQC cung nhu dg tin
cay cua thong tin nhung trong luan dn nay chung tdi chi dung d muc dQ su dyng cdc
tai Hqu nay dudi goc dQ thong tin ve tinh hinh nghien cuu d cdc nude xuat phat tir

cdc ly do sau: ddu tien, rao edn ngon ngu khong cho phep ndm bdt day du, chinh xdc
y tudng cua cdc tdc gia va them nua la su kho khdn trong vige tiep can nguon thong
tin chinh goc. Cdc tai ligu dugc dich ra tieng Vi$t ty than dd la cdc tai ligu thuQC
ngudn thong tin thu cdp vi the dQ chinh xdc, tinh tin cay cua thong tin cung bj han

chd bdi su co the co nhung long ghdp quan diem chu quan cua ngudi dich, sy dp ddt
hieu biet, kidn thuc vd phdp luat nude minh trong qua trinh dich, sy khde bigt cua
ngon ngu chuyen nganh. Noi nhu vay khong cd nghTa tai ligu nude ngoai khong

dong vai trd quan trgng trong vige thuc hign dd tai. Trai lai, vige ndm bdt chinh xdc,

day du thong tin phdp luat nude ngoai sd nang cao chdt lugng khoa hQC cua luan dn.

Danh gid chung vd cdc cong trinh tren, cd nhttng diem tuong ddng vdi phdp
luat Vi?t Nam, nhdt Id trong linh vyc TTHS. Nhttng quy trinh TTHS ddc bigt ddi


15

vdi ngudi CTN khi tham gia vao VAHS. Nhttng quy dinh ddi vdi ngudi THTT la

cAn phai co kidn thuc, su am hieu vd tarn sinh ly ddi vdi ngudi CTN khi tien hanh


cac hoat dQng didu tra, truy td, xet xu ngudi CTN pham tQi. Tuy nhien, so vdi
nhung quy dinh vd thu tuc TTHS dSc bi?t ddi vdi ngudi CTN, phap luat nude ngoai
cung cd nhung diem uu vi?t, noi trQi hon. DSc bi§t, da sd cac qudc gia ddu cd Tda

an chuydn trach de xet xu ngudi CTN va xay dyng rieng luat cho ngudi CTN (Law

for parents Counselors). De cd the dam bao cho ngudi CTN thyc hi?n duyc day du
cac quydn va nghTa vy phap ly cua minh, phap luat nude ngoai cung quy dinh rat
chat che cac hoat dQng cua cac co quan THTT nhu CQDT, vi$n cong td, tda an va

ke ca ngudi THTT bang vi?c xay dung cac dao luat rieng cho tung ddi tuyng cy the,
nhu Dao luat ThAm phan Tda an va Dao luat Canh sat hinh sy va Chung cu

1984.v.v..
Tuy vay, mQt each tong quan cd thd thay cac tai lieu nude ngoai chu yeu de

cap ddn QCN noi chung va QCN trong TTHS va cac quydn nay ddu cd nen tang tu
cac quy dinh cua Cong udc chau Au vd QCN. Nhieu van dd ly luan quan trQng nhu

lam thd nao de bao dam quydn co ban cua cong dan khi tham gia TTHS, dd la QBC;
co che bao dam thuc thi QBC theo nghTa vu phap ly trong TTHS ra sao...con bi bo
ngo hoac da duac dd cap d muc dQ nhat dinh nhung con thieu dong bQ, thieu thong

nhAt, chua d&y du. Do vay, da sd cac cong trinh chu ydu phan tich cac quy dinh cua

phap luat thyc dinh, cd so sanh vdi thyc tidn de tim ra nhung bAt cap, han chd vd

QBC noi chung va cua ngudi CTN rieng trong TTHS.

Nhin chung thu tyc to tyng doi vdi ngudi CTN pham tQi, trong pham vi

ngudi viet tra cuu duyc, cung chi duyc dd cap d mQt pham vi rAt nhd trong cac tai

Hqu djeh nhu da thong ke.

1.2. Tinh hinh nghien cuu trong nucrc
Ben canh cac sach chuydn khao va cac dd tai khoa hQc cua cac nha nghien
cuu nude ngo^i, edn cd cac cong trinh cua cac hQc gi& trong nude dudi gdc dQ

nghien cuu chuydn sau vd thu tyc to tung ddi vdi ngudi CTN. Cd thd ke ddn cac dd


16

tdi nghien cuu khoa hQC lien quan den de tai luan dn, tdc gia phan thdnh cdc nhom
nhu sau:

-

Dd tai khoa hQc, luan dn ti£n si va luan vdn thac sy luat hQc:

+ Dd tai nghien cuu khoa hpc cdp Bq: Bao dam quyen con ngudi trong to

tung hinh su Vi?t Nam, chu nhiym de tai PGS. TS. Nguydn Thdi Phuc, trudng D^ii
hQC Luat Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ndm 2009. Dd tai nghien cuu vdn dd QCN,

quydn cong dan va Nha nude phdp quydn, bao dam QCN trong TTHS. Dd tdi phdt
trien ly luan vd QCN va bao dam QCN trong hoat dQng TTHS nhu: bdo dam QCN

cua cdc chu the tham gia hoat dQng TTHS: ngudi bi tarn gift, bi can, bi cao, bj can,
bi cdo la ngudi CTN, NBC, ngudi lam chung, ngudi bi hai. Co che bdo dam QCN

trong TTHS va cdc thanh td cua co chd; moi quan he giua CCTP va md r$ng QCN,

tdng cudng bdo dam QCN trong TTHS. Rieng vd linh vyc hoat dQng TTHS thi dd
tai cung khong phai la cong trinh nghien cuu dau tidn vd QCN va bao dam QCN.

Dd co mQt sd cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hQc d nhieu cdp dQ khde nhau vd de tai

nay. Can phai kd den sdeh chuyen khdo “Bdo v? quyen con ngudi trong luat hinh
su, luat to tung hinh su Viet Nam” cua TS Tran Quang Tiyp va mQt sd luan vdn thac
sy, bai vidt vd dd tdi nay. Cdc nghien cuu nay da budc dau dd cap ddn mQt sd n$i
dung cua QCN trong TTHS d nhung khia canh cy the. Tuy nhien, can phai khdng

dinh rdng cdc nghien cuu ke tren ebn cd nhung han chd nhat dinh d tinh he thong,
tinh toan diyn. Nhidu khdi rnym co bdn cua van dd QCN vd bdo ddm QCN trong
TTHS noi chung hodc QCN vd bdo dam QCN cua nhttng chu the tham gia hoyt

dQng TTHS chua duQC nhin nhyn mQt edeh dong bQ va sau trong cdc nghien cuu
nay. T6m lyi, cong trinh nghien cuu Bdo dam quyen con ngudi trong td tung hinh
su Vi£t Nam da lam rd thuc trang bdo dam QCN trong Bq luat TTHS 2003 va dd

xuat mQt sd giai phdp hoan thi$n Bq luat TTHS 2003 theo hudng md r$ng QCN va
bao ddm QCN cua nhung chu thd tham gia hoat dQng TTHS.

+ Bdo dam quyen con ngudi cua ngudi bi tarn giu, bi can, bi cdo trong to

tung hinh su Vi?t Nam, cua TS Lai Vdn Trinh, Dyi hQc Luyt TP.HCM ndm 2011.


17


Luan dn nghien cuu nhieu van de ly luan vd QCN vd bao dam QCN cua nguoi bi

tam giur, bi can, bi cdo trong TTHS; he thdng hoa dugc cdc bi?n phdp bao dam; lam

rd nhung diem chung va nhung ddi hoi ddc thu trong bao dam QCN cua nguoi bi
tam giu, bi can, bi cdo trong cdc giai doan TTHS khac nhau. Ngoai ra, luan dn da
phan tich co hy thong cdc quy dinh cua Bq luat TTHS va ddnh gid day du, toan di§n

thyc tiln bao ddm QCN cua nguoi bi tam gi€t, bj can, bj cdo trong TTHS Viyt Nam,
tu dd tim ra dugc nhttng han che, bat cap vd bao dam QCN cua nguoi bi tam gift, bj
can, bj cdo trong TTHS va nguyen nhan cua nhurng bat cap han chd. Luan dn cung

da dua ra dugc mQt so giai phdp va kien nghi nhdm hoan thi$n cdc quy dinh cua

phdp luat TTHS ViQt Nam va tdng cuong bao dam QCN cua nguoi bi tam gift, bi

can, bi cdo trong hoat dQng TTHS.
+ Nhung vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien ve thu tuc to tung ddi vdi ngudi chua
thanh nien trong phdp luat to tung hinh su Vi?t Nam, cua TS Do Thi Phugng, Khoa

luyt, Dai hQC Qudc gia Ha N$i ndm 2007. Luan dn da nghien cuu mQt cdch co he
thong vd thu tyc ddi vdi ngudi CTN va thyc tidn dp dyng nhttng quy dinh nay tren

dia ban cd nude, gop phan lam sdng to va hoan thi$n cdc quy djnh cua Bq luyt
TTHS. Luan dn nghien cuu cdc quy dinh chung vd thu tuc to tung ddi vdi ngudi
CTN trong Bq luat TTHS Vi?t Nam dd qua do lam sdng td vd mdt ly thuydt nhung
uu didm va han chd, bdn canh dd dua ra nhung kidn nghj nhdm hoan thi$n quy dinh

cua Bo luat TTHS hi?n hanh. Tdc gid dd nghien cuu thyc tien dp dyng cdc thu tyc
td tyng ddi vdi ngudi CTN trong pham vi ca nude tir ndm 1997 ddn ndm 2007, ddnh


gid nhtrng ket qua dat dugc va nhtrng ton tai, thieu sdt dd dd xuat mgt sd gidi phdp

nhdm nang cao chat lugng gidi quydt cdc loai vy dn nay trong tinh hinh hi$n nay va
nhung ndm tidp theo. Ngoai ra, tdc gid edn xay dung va thdng nhat cdc khdi ni§m vd

ngudi CTN, ngudi bi tam giur, bi can, bi cdo la ngudi CTN; xay dyng mo hinh to
chuc cua Tda dn ngudi CTN tai ViQt Nam.
+ Bao dam quyen co ngudi bao chua cua ngudi bi buQC tQi - so sanh giira
luat td tung hinh su Vi?t Nam, Due vd My, cua TS Luong Thj My Quynh, Dyi hQC


18

Luat TP.HCM nam 2011. Luan an nghien cuu lam sang to nQi dung nhung quy dinh
hien hanh cua phap luat qudc td, cua luat TTHS Viet Nam, Due va My ve bao dam

quydn co NBC trong su so sanh de thdy dune nhung didm tuang dong va khac biet,

ly giai su tuang ddng va khac biet do, ddng thdi phan tich va chi ra nhung uu diem
va han chd cua phap luat TTHS Viet Nam hien hanh vd bao dam quydn co NBC.
Luan an con danh gia dugc thuc trang bao dam quydn co NBC a Viet Nam, Due va

My trong su so sanh dd thAy dugc nhung hieu qua va kho khan trong vi?c ap dung
phap luat d mdi qudc gia. Tren co sd nghien cuu nen tang ly luan va phap luat hien

hanh cung nhu thuc tidn ap dung phap luat cua Due va My vd bao dam quydn cd
NBC, luan an da dd xuit nhung giai phap dd hoan thien phap luat Viet Nam hien

hanh nham nang cao hieu qua bao dam quydn nay trong TTHS.

+ Bao ve quyen va lai ich hap phap cua nguai chua thanh nien theo phap
luat to tung hinh su Viet Nam, cua TS Tran Hung Binh, Hoc Vien Khoa hoc xa hgi,

nam 2014. Vd mat ly luan, ket qua nghien cuu cua luan an da gop phan giai quyet
vd m|t ly luan quydn cua ngudi CTN noi chung va quydn, lgi ich hgp phap cua

ngudi CTN trong TTHS noi rieng. Vd y nghia thuc tidn, luan an gop phan hoan
thien phap luat TTHS cung nhu gop phan thay ddi nhan thuc cua ngudi CTN, cac

co quan va ngudi THTT, gia dinh, nha trudng va cac td chuc xa hoi.

+ Bao ve quyen cua nguai chua thanh nien trong Tu phap hinh su Viet Nam,

cua Thac sy Nguyen Thi Thanh, nam 2008. Luan van da lam sang td mQt sd van dd
ly luan chung vd bao ve quydn cua ngudi CTN trong tu phap hinh su, nhu: khai

ni^m ngudi CTN; bao ve quydn cho ngudi CTN trong tu phap hinh su Vi$t Nam.
Phan tich luge su hinh thanh va phat trien cac quy pham tu phap hinh su Viet Nam
vd bao ve quydn cua ngudi CTN. Nghien cuu nhung quy dinh cua tu phap hinh su

Viet Nam hien hanh vd bao ve quydn cua ngudi CTN va thuc tidn ap dung nhung
quy dinh cua tu phap hinh su Viet Nam vd bao ve quydn cua ngudi CTN. Neu cac

giai phap gop phan hoan thien phap luat vd b&o ve quydn cua ngudi CTN trong tu
phap hinh sir Vi$t Nam: hoan thien cac quy dinh cua BLHS va Bq luat TTHS bao


19

v? quydn cua ngudi CTN; cac gi&i phap dam bao nhu thanh lap Tda dn danh cho


ngudi CTN, tdng cudng hop tdc qudc te.
+ Ca sd ly luan va thuc tidn cua vi?c thdnh lap ca quan xet xu ngudi chua

thdnh nien pham tpi, cua Thac sy Le Thj Hdng Minh, Dai hQc Luat Thanh phd Hd

Chi Minh, ndm 2003. Dd tai nghien cuu ve co sd ly luan cho vi?c thanh lap co quan
xdt xu ngudi CTN pham tQi. Ddng thdi tdc gia cung lam rd dupe thyc trang tQi

pham ngudi CTN cung nhu edeh danh gid mQt each khdeh quan ve thyc tien xdt xu
ngudi CTN pham tQi trong thdi gian qua ma chu ydu la nhung han che, vudng mdc

lam anh hudng ddn quydn lgi hop phdp cua bi can, bj cdo la ngudi CTN. Ddc bi$t la

nhung vudng mdc trong quy dinh cua phdp luat va thuc trang co quan, ddi ngu can
bo lam cong tdc xet xu ngudi CTN pham tQi. Tdc gia cung dua ra mQt sd kidn nghi
gop phdn vao qua trinh CCTP noi chung va cai each tda dn noi rieng cung nhu

nhdm nang cao hi?u qua dau tranh phong chong tQi pham trong tinh hinh hi$n nay.

- Ngoai nghien cuu chuyen sau vd thu tyc td tung ddi vdi ngudi CTN trong
phdp luat TTHS Vi?t Nam neu tren con co mQt sd cong trinh tieu bieu de c§p den

nhung van dd ly luan chung nhu: sdeh chuyen khao:
+ Bdo dam quyen con ngudi trong tu phdp hinh su Viet Nam, cua Trudng

Dai hQc Luat Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ndm 2010 do TS. Vd Thi Kim Oanh chu

bien ma dien hinh la cdc bai viet cua PGS. TS. Tran Vdn Dq "Bdo v(> quyen con
ngudi cua ngudi bi tarn giu, bi can, bj cdo trong to tung hinh su dap ung yeu cau


cai each tu phdp" va cua tidn si Nguydn Bd Ngung "Bdo dam quyen bdo chua cua
bi can, bi cdo - Mqt trong nhung nguyen tdc quan trpng gop phdn bdo dam quydn

con ngudi trong td tung hinh su". Cong trinh ndy tap hop cd h§ thdng cdc cong trinh
nghien cuu cua cdc nha khoa hQc vd nhung vdn dd chung vd bdo vq cdc QCN bdng
phdp luat trong linh vuc tu phdp hinh sy, bao vq QCN cua ngudi bj tarn giu, bi can,

bi cdo ndi chung va bi can, bi cdo Id ngudi CTN noi rieng trong tu phdp hinh sy ddp

ung yeu cdu CCTP, mQt sd vdn dd bao vq QCN trong TTHS Vi$t Nam...


20

+ Bao ve cdc nhdm de bi ton thucrng trong to tung hinh sic cua NXB Dai hQC
Qudc gia Ha Noi, nam 2011 cua cac tac gia PGS.TS. Nguyen Dang Dung, GS.TS.
Pham Hdng Thai, GS. TSKH Le Van Cam, TS. Vu Cong Giao va ThS. Le Khanh

Tung ddng chu bien. Cong trinh nay la tap hop cac tai lieu cua lop tap huan ve bao
chua hieu qua cho mQt sd nhdm ddi tuong dd bi ton thuomg trong TTHS do khoa
Luat Dai hQC Qudc gia Ha NQi td chuc va su hd trQ cua Du an Tu phap qudc td (UP)

va chuong trinh Sang kien phap quyen cua HQi Luat gia Hoa Ky (ABA ROLI).
Cong trinh gidi thieu vd mot sd vdn dd phap ly va thuc tien trong viec bao ve cac

nhdm dd bi ton thuong trong TTHS tren the gidi va d Viet Nam.

+ Huong ddn thuc hanh cdc tieu chuan quoc te lien quan den tu phdp ngudi
chua thanh nien, NXB Chinh tri Qudc Gia, Ha Noi nam 2000 phoi hop vdi Td chuc


cuu tro tre em cua Thuy Dien (Radda Bamen) xuat ban. Cong trinh gidi thieu vd
nhung tieu chudn vd QCN trong tu phap ngudi CTN, tap hop cac nguon luat qudc td
vd QCN, quydn cua tre em va hudng dan thuc hanh cho cac can bQ tu phap ngudi

CTN, cac nha chinh sach va cac luc lugng truyen thdng.

- Trong sd cac tai lieu trong nude vd TTHS noi chung va bao dam QBC cua
bi can, bi cao la ngudi CTN con cd cac tai lieu nhu sau: giao trinh Luat TTHS Viet

Nam nam 2008 cua Trudng Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi; sach Binh luan khoa hoc Bo luat
to tung hinh su ndm 2003 cua Vi$n Khoa hoc phap ly - Bo Tu phap, NXB Bo Tu
phap, ndm 2005; sach Binh luan khoa hoc Bo luat to tung hinh su Viet Nam ndm

2003 cua tac gia Dinh Van Que, Chanh tda Tda hinh su TAND tdi cao, NXB Tong
hop Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ndm 2007; sach Binh luan Bq luat to tung hinh su

ndm 2003 cua cac tac gia ThS. Vu Manh Thdng va Luat gia Nguydn NgQC Diep,
NXB Lao dong va Xa hoi, nam 2009.v.v...

- Dudi goc do nghien cuu chuyen nganh, cung cd nhieu cong trinh lien quan

den van dd QBC cua bi can, bi cao. MQt nguon tai lieu cd do tin cay va gia tri phap
ly cao ma khong the bo qua trong qua trinh thuc hien luan an la cac bai viet tren
cac tap chi, tai lieu hQi thao chuyen nganh. Trong sd cac bai viet dd can phai de cap


21

tai cac bai viet cua cac tac gia sau day: bai viet cua PGS. TS. Nguyen lhai Phuc

“Sir tham gia bat buoc cua nguvi bao chua trong to tung hinh su* dang tren I ap chi

Khoa hoc Phap ly sd 4 nam 2007; cac bai viet cua TS. Nguyen Van Tuan "Bao dam
quyen cd ngudi bao chua cua bi can, bi cdo trong to tung hinh su", "Quyen bao
chua vd su tham gia cua bi cdo d phien tda" va "Ban vd su tham gia cua Luat su
trong cac vu an ma bi can, bi cdo la ngudi chua thdnh nien" dang tren Pap chi Dan
chu va Phap luat sd chuyen dd 1995; bai vidt "Hoan thien quy dinh cua phap luat

nhdm dam bao quyen bao chua cua bi can, bi cdo chua thdnh nien" cua ThS.

Nguyen Hai Ninh dang tren Tap chi Luat hoc so 11 nam 2009, trang 41; bai viet
"Hoan thien nhung quy dinh vd trach nhiem hinh su cua ngudi chua thdnh nien
pham toi” cua ThS. Cao Thi Oanh dang tren Tap chi Luat hoc so 10 nam 2007,

trang 36; bai viet cua TS. Dd Thi Phuong “Sir can thietphai thdnh lap tda an ngudi
chua thdnh nien d Viet Nam ” dang tren Tap chi TAND so 21 nam 2009, trang 1; bai
viet "Mot sd dac tarn li cua ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tQi” dang tren Tap chi

Luat hQc, sd 1 nam 2008, trang 39; bai viet "Viec dp dung khoan 2, Dieu 57 Bq luat
to tung hinh su" cua Le Van Sua dang tren Tap chi Dan chu va Phdp luat so 11 nam

2006, trang 26; bai viet "Trach nhiem hinh su cua ngudi chua thdnh nien pham toi
- mot sd van de can duac nghien cuu” cua TS. Le Dang Doanh dang tren Tap chi

TAND so 9 nam 2009, trang 25; bai viet "Nguyen tac xu ly ngudi thdnh nien pham
toi” cua ThS. Mai Bo dang tren Tap chi Nghe luat so 3 nam 2008, trang 19; bai viet

"Nhung khia canh phap ly hinh su vd cac hinh phat vd bi?n phap tu phap dp dung
doi vdi ngudi chua thdnh nienpham toi” cua TS. Trinh Tien Vi$t dang tren Tap chi


TAND so 13 nam 2010, trang 9; bao cao cua PGS. TS. LS. Pham Hong Hai ve

"Quyen tu bao chua trong td tung hinh su d Viet Nam vd viec thuc hien trong thuc

tien" tai Hoi thao Quyen bao chua trong td tung hinh su Viet Nam (do Lien doan

Luat su Viet Nam va Chuang trinh phat trien Lien hop qudc to chuc tai Thanh pho
Ho Chi Minh vao thang 12-2010); bao cao cua PGS. TS. Nguyen Thai Phuc ve

"Bao dam quyen con ngudi trong td tung hinh su trong dieu kien xay dung Nha
nude phap quydn Xa hoi chu nghTa Vi?t Nam" tai H$i thao Quydn con ngudi trong