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VIpNHANLAM

KHOA HQC XA HQI VlfT NAM
HQC VlfN KHOA HQC XA HQl

NGUYEN HUYNH BAO KHANH

PHONG NGUA CAC TQI TANG TRU, VAN CHUYEN,

MUA BAN TRAI PHEP HOAC CHIEM BOAT

CHAT MA TUY TREN BIA BAN THANH PH6

HO CHI MINH HIEN NAY

Ip

Chuyen nganh: T91 pham hQc va Phong ngira tpi pham

Ma so: 62 38 01 05

LUAN AN TIEN SI LUAT HQC

Ngirori hirong dan khoa hQc:

1. TS TRAN THJ QUANG VINH (HD1)
2. PGS.TS NGUYfiN TH} PHUONG HOA (HD2)

HA NQl -2015



LGI CAM DO AN

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi.

Cdc ket qu& neu trong lu£n an la trung thgc va chua timg dirge cong bo trong
bat ky m$t cong trinh nao khac.

TAC GIA

NGUYEN HUYNH BAO KHANH


MVC L\JC

mOdAu

1

Chuang 1

TONG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN CUU

7

1.1

Cac cong trinh nghien cuu nhttng van de ly luan ve phdng

7


ngira cac tQi Ung trit, van chuyen, mua ban trai phep ho£c
chiem doyt chat ma tuy
1.2

Cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve thyc tryng phdng ngira cac tQi

17

tang trit, van chuyen, mua ban trai phep ho$c chiem doyt
chat ma tuy v& nhttng bi?n phap Ung cudng hoyt d$ng

phdng ngua nh6m tQi phym nay tren dja ban Thanh pho Ho
Chi Minh

1.3

Nhitng van de d£t ra cAn tiep tyc nghien cuu trong luan an

Chuang 2

NHUNG VAN d6 LY LUAN



PHONG NGUA CAC

27

29


TQI TANG TRU", VAN CHUYEN, MUA BAN TRAI

2.1

PHEP HOAC CHlfeM BOAT CHAT MA TUY
*
*
Khai ni?m va dSc diem phap ly cac tQi tang trur, van chuyin,

29

mua ban trai phep ho$c chiem doat chat ma tuy

2.2

Khdi ni?m va y nghTa cua phdng ngua cac t$i Ung trit, vyn

33

chuyen, mua ban tr&i phep ho
2.3

Co sd cua phdng ngua cac tQi tang trit, van chuyin, mua ban

35

trai phep hoSc chiem doat chat ma tuy
2.4


Cac nguyen tAc cua phdng ngua cac tQi tang trit, van chuyen,

53

mua ban trai phdp ho$c chiem doyt chAt ma tuy
2.5

Cac biyn phap phdng ngira cac tQi tang trit, vyn chuyen, mua

56

ban trai phep hoik chiem doat chat ma tuy

2.6

Chu the phdng ngira cdc tQi tang trit, vyn chuyen, mua ban

58

trai phep ho$c chiem doyt chAt ma tuy

Chuang 3

THtfC TRANG PHONG NGUA CAC TQl TANG TRLT,

66

VAN CHUYElN, MUA BAN TRAI PHEP HOAC CHlfiM

DOAT CHAT MA TUY TREN DJA BAN THANH PH6

HO CHI MINH

3.1

Thye tryng ve h? thong ly luyn va co sd chinh trj - phap ly

66


3.2

Thpc tr^ng to chuc lyre lupng phdng ngira cdc tpi tang tru,

69

vpn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chiem dopt chit ma tuy
tren dja ban Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh

3.3

Thye trang trien khai, dp dpng cdc bi?n phap phdng ngira cdc

77

tQi tang trit, vpn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chidm dopt

chit ma tuy tren dja bdn Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh

3.4


Dp bdo hopt d$ng phdng ngira cdc tQi tang trit, vpn chuyen,

102

mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chiem dopt chat ma tuy tren dja bdn

Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh trong thdi gian tai
Chuang 4

TANG CirdNG PHONG NGUA CAC TQi TANG TRU*,

112

VAN CHUY&N, MUA BAN TRAI PHEP HOAC CHI^M

BOAT CHAT MA TUY TREN DJA BAN THANH PH6
Hd CHI MINH

4.1

T£ng cudng hoan thi?n co sd ly lupn, co sd chinh trj - phap

112

ly cua phdng ngira cdc tQi tang tru, van chuyen, mua ban trdi

phep hodc chiem dopt chat ma tuy
4.2

Tang cudng lpc lupng phdng ngira tQi phpm cdc tQi tang trit,


115

vpn chuydn, mua bdn trdi phep hope chidm dopt chat ma tuy

4.3

Tang cudng trien khai, dp dpng cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira

119

cdc t$i tang trit, vpn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hope chidm
doat chat ma tuy
KfiTLUAN

148

DANH MUC CAC CONG TRINH DA CONG B6

LIEN QUAN DfiN LUAN AN

152

DANH MUC TAI LI$U THAM KHAO

153

PHU LUC



DANH MVC CAC SO DO

l.Stf do 3.1 Co che phoi hgp cua cdc chu the trong hoat dong tuyen truyen
phdng chong t? nan ma tuy
2. Sa do 3.2 Ca che phoi hop l\rc lugng phdng, chdng cac tQi ph^m ve ma tuy


CAC CHtr VI £t tAT TRONG LUAN AN

BLHS

Bq luat Hinh sy

BLTTHS

Bq luat To tyng hinh sy

CAND

Cong an nhan dan

CHXHCN

CQng hda x3 hQi chu nghia

CSND

Canh sat nhan dan

HDND


HQi dong nhan dan

LATSLH

Luan an tien si luat hQc

LATHSLH

Lu£n an th^ic sy luat hQc

Nxb

Nha xuat bdn

NCS

Nghien curu sinh

TAND

Toa an nhan dan

TP.HCM

Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh

TS

Tien si


UBND

Uy ban nhan dan

KSV

Kiem sdt vien

VKSND

Vi$n kiem sat nhan dan


MdDAU
1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Chu dQng phdng ngira tQi pham - trong d6 c6 cdc tQi ph^m vi ma tuy la chu

truong va cung la yeu cau cua Dang, Nha nude ta nhSm han chi den muc thap nhat

nhttng thi?t h^i do tQi phpm gay ra, giam bdt va tiin tdi lo^ii trtt tQi ph^m. Tinh thin

chu dQng trong phdng ngtta cdc tQi phpm vi ma tuy da dugc the hi?n t^i cdc vin
ki?n E>^i hpi Dang, cdc Nghj quyet cua Bq Chinh trj va d£c bi?t la t^i Chi thj
06/CT/TW ngay 31 th&ng 11 nim 1996 cua Ban chap hanh Trung uang Dang vi

ting cudng lSnh d^o, chi d^o cong tac phdng, chong ma tuy; Chi thj so 2-CT/TW
ngay 26 th&ng 3 nSm 2008 cua Bq Chinh trj tiep tyc ting cudng lSnh d^io cong tdc


phdng, ching va kiim soAt ma tuy trong tinh hinh mdi, d$c bi?t trong ldi ndi dau
cua Luat Phdng, chong ma tuy 2000 da the hi?n rd quyet tarn n&y thong qua vi?c

xdc djnh mpc dich cua Luat la nhim “De phdng ngtta, ngin ch£n va dau tranh cd
hi?u qua vdi t? nan ma tuy ”.
Trong nhttng nSm vtta qua, tinh hinh t$i ph^m pham vi ma tuy cung nhu tQi
tang trtt, van chuyen, mua ban trai phep ho£c chiem doat chat ma tuy tyi Vi$t Nam
ndi chung vi TP.HCM ndi rieng dang dien biin rit phttc tap. Cdc tQi pham nay

khong nhttng gia ting vi so vp ph^m t$i, sd ngudi ph^m tQi ma edn thi hi?n tinh
nguy hiim ngay cang cao nhu thu dopn phpm tQi ngay cang tinh vi, so lugng ma tuy

lien quan den hanh vi ph^m tQi ngay cang ldn, each thttc chdng tra ngudi thi hanh

cong vp ngay cang quyet li?t. Ben canh dd, cd thi nhan thay ring so vp pham tQi co

td chttc ngay cang chat che bao gom cdc dii tupng pham tQi trong va ngoai nude;
thanh phan tham gia vao cdc to chttc mua ban trai phep, v|n chuyin ma tuy bao

gdm ca ngudi Vi$t Nam, ngudi nude ngoai, Vi?t kiiu hi?n dang sinh sing t^ii cdc
nude; cdc dii tupng ph^im tQi nay bao gdm nhiiu dan tQC sdng tu thanh thj din nong

thon, tu ding bang din vung nui, cao nguyen; tu ngudi cd trinh d$ van hda thip din
thanh phan tri thttc, sinh vien... Theo sd li?u thing ke, trong giai doan 2001-2014,

sd vp phpm t$i va so bj cao phai xdt xtt tren dja ban Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh ve cdc

t$i tang trtt, vpn chuyin, mua ban trai phdp ho$c chiim do^t chit ma tuy trung binh
horn 1.200 vp va han 1.800 bj cao moi nam, chiem khoang 98% cac ting si vp


pham tQi vi ma tuy[ 137]. Trong thdi gian qua, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh da dat dupe
m$t si kit qua dang ke trong hoat d$ng phdng ngtta cac t$i ph^m ve ma tuy, nhat la

ket qua tich epe tu Chuang trinh mpc tieu ba giam: giam tQi phpm, ma tuy va mpi
dam theo Quyet djnh sd 62/2001/QD-UB ngay 3/7/2001 cua Uy ban nhan dan


Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh vd trien khai thyc hi?n chuong trinh myc tieu ba gidm:

gidm tQi pham, ma tuy vd t? myi dam tren dja bdn thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh giai doyn
2001-2005. Tuy nhien tir sau ndm 2005 ddn nay, vi nhieu ly do khdch quan vd chu

quan khdc nhau, thdnh phd chua c6 nhttng chuong trinh trQng diem noi bat tiSp theo
trong hoyt dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy nhdm lam giam bdt tinh nguy
hiem vd hyu qua cua tinh hinh tQi pham pham ve ma tuy, trong do co cdc tQi tang

trOr, vyn chuyen, mua ban trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chdt ma tuy. Xuat phdt tir ly do

ndy, mQt trong nhttng yeu cau cap thiet duQc d$t ra hi?n nay ta can c6 nhttng cong
trinh nghien ciru khoa hQC duQc dau tu nghiem tuc, trong d6 h? thdng ly luyn cdn
duQc trang bj day du nhdm djnh hudng cho hoyt d$ng thyc tien duQc dien ra dung

huong, mang tinh khoa hQc; danh gid dung thyc tryng phdng ngira vd de xuat nhttng
bi?n phdp tang cudng phdng ngira tQi phym tren thyc ta vd vi?c lya chQn de tdi

“Phong ngua cdc tQi tang tru, van chuyen, mua ban trai phep hope chiem doqt chat
ma tuy tren dja ban Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh hi?n nay" cua nghien ciru sinh cung

nhdm dap irng yeu cau cap thiet do.
2. Muc dich, nhiem vu nghien ciru cua luan dn

Myc dich cua luyn dn

Myc dich cua luyn dn Id xay dyng cdc bi?n phdp nhdm tang cudng phdng

ngira cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chiem doyt chat ma tuy
tren dja bdn Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
Nhiym vu cua luan dn

De dat duQc muc dich neu tren, luan dn co mQt so nhi?m vy cy the:
- Tong quan vd tinh hinh nghien ciru cua cdc cong trinh trong vd ngoai nude

cd lien quan ddn hoyt dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi
phdp ho$c chidm doyt chdt ma tuy; ddnh gid khdi qudt phym vi vd muc d$ nghien

ciru cua nhttng cong trinh ndy, xdc djnh nhttng kien thirc duyc kd thira vd 1dm rd

nhttng vdn de can duyc tiep tyc nghien ciru trong luyn dn.

- Tong hyp nhttng vdn de ly luyn vd phdng ngira tQi phym, tir dd xay dyng
nhttng van de ly luyn ve phdng ngira nhdm t$i phym, cy the Id nhdm tQi tdng trtt,

vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy nhu khdi niym, ddc
didm phdp ly cdc tQi tdng trtt, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hojc chidm doat chdt
ma tuy; co sd cua phdng ngira, cdc nguyen tdc phdng ngira, cdc bi?n phdp phdng

ngira vd chu the phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c
chiem doat chat ma tuy.

2



- Ddnh gid thyc trang phdng ngira cdc t$i tdng trit, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi
phdp ho£c chidm doat chat ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh, cy the Id

thyc trying ve co sd chinh trj - phdp ly, thyc trang h
chirc lyc luyng phdng ngira vd thyc trang dp dyng cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira cdc tQi
tdng trit, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy.

- Dy bao hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi
phep ho$c chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh trong thdi
gian tdi.

- Dd xuat cdc giai phdp nhdm tdng cudng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit, van
chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho£c chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dia bdn Thdnh pho Ho

Chi Minh.
3. Doi tiryng va pham vi nghien ciru cua luan dn
£><5/ tirpng nghien ciru
Doi tuyng nghien ciru cua luan dn la hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit,

van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy tren dia bdn Thdnh pho
Hd Chi Minh hi?n nay.

Phqm vi nghien ciru

Xdt ve nQi dung, luan dn nghien ciru hoyt dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit,
vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chiem doat chat ma tuy trong phym vi khoa hQc
T$i phym hQc thuQC chuyen ngdnh T$i phym hQc vd phdng ngira tQi phym.


Ve thdi gian: luan dn sir dung chat li?u nghien ciru trong pham vi 14 ndm, tir
ndm 2001 den ndm 2014.

Ve khong gian: luan dn nghien ciru hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit,
vyn chuydn, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chidm doyt chat ma tuy tren dja bdn 24 quyn

huy?n cua Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh.
4. Phuong phdp luan vd phuong phdp nghien ciru cua luan dn
Phiarng phdp lu$n

De dyt duyc myc dich nghien ciru, luan dn sir dyng phuong phdp luyn la chu
nghia duy vyt bi?n chirng vd chu nghia duy vat 1 jch sir cua triet hQc Mdc-Lenin; cdc
quan diem, chinh sach cua Dang vd Nha nude ve phdng ngira cung nhu quy dinh

cua phdp luyt lien quan den hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi phym vd ma tuy noi
chung vd cdc tQi tdng trit, van chuydn, mua bdn trdi phdp ho$c chidm doyt chdt ma

tuy ndi ridng.

3


Phiwng phap nghien cfru

Luyn an sir dyng tong hyp nhieu phuong phap nghien cuu, d£c biyt la
phuong phap sau:

Phuong ph£p h? thdng: Phuong phap hy thong dugc su dyng khi tdc gia tong

quan tinh hinh nghien cuu tai chuong 1, nhttng van de ly luan tyi chuang 2.

Phuong phap tong hyp, phan tich: Phuong phap tong hyp, phan tich duyc su
dyng trong vi^c tong hyp, phan tich ket qua tu cac hoat dQng phdng ngua tQi phym,

cac sd Hqu thong ke ve tinh hinh t$i phym, cac ban an c6 hi?u lye cua Tda an tyi

chuong 3, chuong 4, phan tich thyc trang hoat dQng phdng ngua tQi phym cua cac
chu the phdng ngua tai chuong 3.
Phuong phap nghien cuu ljch su: Phuong phap nghien cuu ljch su duQc su

dyng khi danh gia thyc trang phdng ngira tyi chuong 3, de xuAt cac bi?n phap tang
cudng phdng ngira tQi pham tai chuong 4.

Phuong phap thong ke: Phuong phap nay duQc sir dyng trong vi?c thong
ke so vy pham tQi, so ngudi pham tQi, thong ke mQt sd d£c diem ve nhan than ngudi

pham tQi, thong ke cac loai hinh phat duyc Tda an ap dyng tai chuong 3 cua luan
an, thong ke so ngudi nghien, tai nghien, thong ke thi?t hai do cac tQi pham nay gay

ra duyc sir dyng d chuong 3, chuong 4.

Phuong phap nghien cuu dien hinh: Phuong phap nghien cuu dien hinh
duyc sir dyng khi nghien cuu dien hinh mQt so dja ban typ trung nhidu cac tQi phym

chuong 3, chuong 4.

Phuong phap nghien cuu so sanh: Phuong phap nghien cuu so sanh duyc
sir dyng khi tac gia so sanh h? sd nguy hiem cua tQi pham d mQt sd dja phuong va

cac quyn, huy?n cua thanh pho tai chuong 3, so sanh mire dQ, co cau cua tinh hinh


tQi pham trong nhttng giai doyn khac nhau.

Phuong phap dieu tra xS hQi hQc: Phuong phap dieu tra xS hpi hQC duyc sir
dyng khi danh gia cap dQ, ti ly an cua tQi phym, dy bao mQt so van dd cua tinh hinh

tQi phym tyi chuong 3.

Phuong phap chuyen gia: Phuong phap chuyen gia duyc su dyng khi danh

gia tQi pham an, nguyen nhan va dieu ki?n cua tQi pham, dy bao tinh hinh tQi pham
trong thdi gian tdi, cac bi?n phap phdng ngira tQi phym tai chuong 3.

Ben cynh dd luyn an edn sir dyng mQt so phuong phap nghien cuu khac cua
T$i phym hQc nhu phuong phap quy nyp va dien djeh, phuong phap mo ta, phuong

4


phdp nghien ciru ho so vy dn trong n$i dung chuong nhitng van de ly luyn ve phdng
ngira cdc tQi tang trit, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy;

trong vi?c mo td buc tranh ve tinh hinh tQi phym, mo td cdc d£c diem nhan than
ngudi pham tQi tai chuong 3 cung nhu nghien cuu ho so khi nghien cuu nguyen
nhan va didu kiyn cua nhom tQi pham nay tai Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh.
5. Nhirng dong gop moi ve mdt khoa hQc cua luan dn

Luyn dn se cd nhitng dong gdp mdi ve m£t khoa hQc nhu sau:

Thu nhdt, luan dn lam rd nhitng ly luan ve phdng ngira cdc tQi tang trit, van
chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dja bdn Thanh pho Ho


Chi Minh trong giai doyn hi?n nay. Nhttng van de ly luyn ve phdng ngira nhdm tQi

phym tren mQt dja bdn cy the sd duQc tdc gid luan dn xay dyng 1dm co so cho hoyt

dQng phdng ngira nhdm tQi pham nay tren thyc te.

Thu hai, luan dn phdn anh thyc trang phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit, vyn chuyen,
mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh pho Ho Chi

Minh; ddnh gid nhttng thdnh tuu cung nhu nhttng han che cdn ton tyi trong hoat
d$ng phdng ngira tQi pham cua cdc chu the vd tim ra duyc nhttng nguyen nhan co
bdn cua nhttng han che do.

Thu ba, luan dn cung cap nhttng thong so mdi nhat vd ddnh gid phan an cua
tinh hinh tQi phym tdng trit, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma
tuy tren dja bdn TP.HCM trong giai doyn hiyn nay thong qua vi?c ddnh gid thyc

trang phdng ngira tQi pham.

Thu tu, luan dn lam sang td nhttng nguyen nhan vd dieu ki?n cua cdc tQi tdng

trit, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy tai Thdnh pho Hd
Chi Minh hi$n nay thong qua vi?c ddnh gid thyc trang phdng ngira tQi phym, do la
nhttng nguyen nhan vd dieu ki?n 1dm phdt sinh tinh hinh tQi phym vd nhttng nguyen

nhan vd dieu kiyn lam phdt sinh cdc tQi phym cy the.
Thu ndm, luyn dn dy bdo ve phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit, van chuyen, mua
bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh


trong thdi gian sdp tdi, bao gom dy bdo ve khdch the phdng ngira la tinh hinh tQi
pham tdng trit, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy vd dy

bdo chu the phdng ngira tQi phym.
Thu sau, luyn dn de xuat mQt so bi?n phdp nhdm tdng cudng phdng ngira cdc
tQi tdng trit, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dja

bdn Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh, cdc biyn phdp ndy bao gom hodn thi?n co sd chinh trj

5


phdp ly vd h? thong ly luyn; hoan thi?n to churc lyc lining phdng ngira; tdng cudng

cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira cua cdc chu thd trong vi?c ngdn ngira trudc khong cho tQi

pham xdy ra va tdng cudng phdt hi?n, xu ly sau khi tQi phym xdy ra nhdm tiep tyc
phdng ngira tQi phym.

6. Y nghia ly luan vd y nghia thyc tien cua luan dn
Y nghia ly lufyt
Vdi vi?c tdng hop, xay dyng h? thong ly luan phdng ngira nhdm tQi, phdng

ngira cdc tQi tang trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy,
luan dn la cong trinh nghien ciru sS trang bj ve mdt ly luyn cho hoyt dQng phdng

ngira tQi phym cdc tQi ndy cung nhu hoyt phdng ngira tQi pham ndi chung. Nhttng

diem moi cua luyn dn sd gop phan hoan thi?n ve mdt ly luyn cho hoyt dQng phdng
ngira khong chi rieng d cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem


doat chat ma tuy md cdn mang tinh tham khao cho hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi

phym khdc, phdng ngira tinh hinh tQi pham ndi chung.
Y nghia thuc tien
Ve mdt thyc tien, luan dn la cong trinh nghien ciru cd the duyc sir dyng, tham
khao trong hoat dQng phdng ngira mQt nhdm tQi phym va phdng ngira cdc tQi tang
trtt, van chuydn, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy tyi Thanh pho Ho

Chi Minh trong giai doyn hi?n nay hodc trong thdi gian sdp tdi. Mdt khdc, luyn dn
cung co the Id tai Hqu tham khao cho nhttng ngudi nghien ciru, hQc vien, sinh vien
cd quan tarn va nhttng cdn b$ dang lam vi?c trong cdc co quan chuyen trach vd

phdng chong tQi phym.
7. Ket cau cua luan dn: Luan dn bao gom 4 chiromg:

Chuang 1: Tdng quan ve tinh hinh nghien ciru
Chuang 2: Nhttng van de ly luyn ve phdng ngira cdc t$i tang trtt, vyn chuyen,
mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy

Chuang 3: Thyc tryng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn trdi

phdp hodc chiem doyt chdt ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh

Chuang 4: Tdng cudng phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trtt, vyn chuyen, mua bdn
trdi phdp hodc chiem doyt chat ma tuy tren dia bdn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh

6



CHlTONG 1
T6NG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN ClTU

1.1 Cdc cong trinh nghien ciru nhirng van de ly luan ve phdng ngira cdc
toi tdng trfr, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy

1.1.1 Cdc cong trinh nghien ciru nhirng vdn de ly lu$n vd phdng ngira toi

ph gm noi chung
- Cdc cong trinh nghien cuu d nude ngoai:
(5 cdp d$ Id gido trinh giang day tai cdc trudng d^ii h
(2006), KpuMUHOJioewi, kfe/iaTejibCTBo: JOcthuhh^opm, MocKBa (T^m djeh: Tqi
phqm hQc - Gido trinh cho cdc trudng clqi hpc, Nxb Thong tin phdp ly ndm 2006
cua tdc gid Malkova[201] da dd cup den vdn dd co bdn nhat ve phdng ngira tQi

pham nhu djnh nghia phdng ngira tQi pham (duQc hieu theo nghia md rQng Id ngdn
ngira trudc khong de cho tQi pham xdy ra, nghia md rQng bao gdm cdc bi?n phdp

chdng sau khi t$i pham xdy ra), n$i dung phdng ngira tQi pham, cdc nguyen tdc

trong hoat d$ng phdng ngira tQi pham, cdc chu the phdng ngira tQi pham vd ddc

biQt trong cdc bi$n phdp phdng ngira tQi pham, Malkova dd nhan manh den cdc
bien phdp tdc dQng vdo nguyen nhan vd dieu ki?n cua tQi pham nhdm ngdn ngira
trudc khong cho t$i pham xdy ra; tuy nhien, ben canh dd tdc gid cung dd thira nh£n
nhttng bi?n phdp mang tinh cudng che nha nude duQc dp dung nhdm chong tQi

pham cung duQc xem Id nhttng bi$n phdp phdng ngira tQi pham. Cd the thay nhttng
van de ly luan vd phdng ngira tQi pham dugc de cup ddn trong quyen gido trinh nay


co nQi dung kha tuong ddng vdi cdc gido trinh T$i pham hQc d Vi?t Nam hi?n nay.

0 cdp d$ sdeh chuyen khdo, cdc cong trinh nghien cuu cd the ke ddn la

quyen sdeh Nhitng khia cqnh tarn ly - xa hQi vJ tinh trang phqm tQi cua ngudi chua

thdnh nien cua tdc gid A.I. Ddn-Gd-Va, Nxb Phdp ly, Hd N$i 1987[ 1]. Nhttng vdn
de ly luan ve phdng ngira tQi phum, d$c bi?t Id phdng ngira t$i phum do ngudi chua

thdnh nien thuc hi?n duQc tdc gid de cap khd rd net trong cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira

t$i pham do ngudi chua thdnh nien thuc hi$n vd nhttng chu thi dp dyng nhttng bi?n

phdp phdng ngira cu the dd. Nhttng bi?n phdp dugc de cup nhdm ngdn ngira trudc
khong dd cho ngudi chua thdnh nien thuc hi$n hanh vi pham t$i vd nhttng bi?n phdp

nhdm chdng (sau khi tQi phum xdy ra) cung nhu nhttng luu y khi dp dung cdc bi?n

phdp ndy sg dugc NCS tham khdo khi xay dung cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira cdc tQi
pham ve ma tuy do ngudi chua thdnh nien thuc hi?n.

7


Trong quyen sdch TQi pham va Tpi pham hQc a Nhpt Ban cua tdc gid Can

Ueda do TS Nguyen Xuan Yem vd TS Ho TrQng Ngu djch tir nguyen bdn tieng Nga
cua Nxb Tien Bq, Moscow, 1989[18], tdc gia da tap trung vdo vi?c xdc djnh nQi


dung co ban cua cac bi$n phap dau tranh chong tQi phym, trong d6 Can Ueda da

nhan mynh toan bQ cdc chinh sach xa hQi trong do c6 ca “chinh sdch kinh te va van
hda la nhttng bi?n phap dau tranh chdng tQi pham”[18, tr. 150], chu the cua hoyt

dQng phdng chdng tQi phym theo tac gia quyen sach bao gdm ca cac nha khoa hQc -

ben cynh cac chu the cac co quan nha nude, cac to chuc xa hQi. Ben cynh dd vi?c ap
dyng hinh phyt tu hinh, cac bi?n phap nhdm tai hda nhap xa hQi cung duyc cong

trinh de cyp.

Trong quyen sach Criminology (Tam djch: 7pi pham hpc), Nxb. Megraw Hill, New York, 1991 cua cdc tac gia Freda Adler, Gerhard O.W.Mueller and
William S. Laufer[190]: cd the thay la cac bi?n phdp phdng ngua tQi pham da duyc

nhac tdi vdi nhttng hQc thuyet cy the. Tren ndn tang tiep can cdc vdn de co ban cua
T$i pham hQc va cdc van de cua TQi pham hQc hi?n dai, cdc tac gia da danh nQi
dung cua quyen sach khdi quat cac hQc thuyet cua T$i pham hQc trong ljch su va
trong moi hQc thuyet, cac tac gia da de cap den quan diem cua cac nha TQi pham

hQc tieu bieu cho tung trudng phai va cac bi?n phap phdng ngira tuong ung. Nhttng
bien phap phdng ngira tQi phym tuong ung vdi cdc hQc thuyet nay la tai liyu tham

khao quan trQng khi NCS tong hyp, xay dyng ly luyn phdng ngira tQi phym cung
nhu khi de ra cdc giai phap phdng ngira cac tQi pham ve ma tuy.

Trong quyen sach Crime prevention in Urban Community (Tam djch: Phdng
ngira tpi pham tai cdc viing do thi) cua cac tdc gia Koichi Miyazawa, Setsuo
Miyazawa (bien tap tir hQi thao cung ten duyc to chuc tyi Nhyt Ban ndm 1992), Nxb


Kluwer Law and Taxation, 1995 [197], khi ndi ve hoyt dQng phdng ngira tQi phym,
cac tac gia da phan tich cac hoyt dQng phdng ngira tren thyc tien tyi cac quoc gia
nhu Anh, My, Canada, Han Quoc, Nhyt Ban... Day cd thd xem la cong trinh typ hyp
cac bai viet lien quan hoyt dQng phdng ngira tQi phym d nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi,

tuy nhien trong khuon kho bai viet cho h$i thao nen nQi dung cac bai viet typ trung
vao cac bien phap phdng ngira tQi pham dang duyc dp dyng tren thyc te chu chua di
sau nghien cuu cac van de ly luan khac ve phdng ngira tQi phym.
Crime Prevention by Early Intervention (Tym djch: Phdng ngira tQi phym

bang each can thi?p serm) la chu de cua cdc bdi viet lien quan den hoyt d$ng phdng

ngira tQi phym cho ngudi chua thanh nien cua Typ san Chau Au trong linh vyc

8


chinh sdch hinh sy vd Nghien cuu cua Trung tarn Nghien cuu vd Cung cdp tu Hqu,

Nxb Kugler, 1996(188]. Trong cdc bdi viet ndy, khi de cyp den cdc bi?n phdp phdng
ngua tQi phym, cdc tdc gid cung dd trinh bdy cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira tQi pham do

ngudi chua thdnh nien thyc hiyn, trong dd ddng chu y la phuong phdp sang Iqc doi
tUQng cd nguy co pham tQi vd NCS co the tham khao phuomg phdp ndy trong viyc

phdng ngira hanh vi pham tQi d nhttng ngudi chua thdnh nien cd nguy co pham vdo
cdc t$i pham vd ma tuy.
Trong phym vi nghien ciru nQi dung ve moi lien quan gitta tinh di truyen cua

con ngudi, cdch xu sy xd h$i vd viyc hQ phai chju trdch nhi?m doi vdi xd hQi, quyen

sdch Di truyen hpc, thdi dQ xirsy vd tQi phym cua tdc gid N.Doubinine-I. Karpiets V. Koudriavtsev (Le Tudn djch tir nguyen bdn tieng Phdp), Nxb CAND 2003(85]

cung dd dd cyp den khdi ni?m, cdc bi$n phdp phdng ngira tQi pham, chu the phdng
ngira t$i pham. Sau khi xem phdng ngira tQi pham Id “cdi tryc” cua

cuqc

dau tranh

chdng tQi pham, cdc tdc gid dd khdng djnh cdc biyn phdp phdng ngira tQi pham bao

gdm nhirng bi?n phdp phdng ngira ndi chung bdng kinh te, chinh trj, tu tudng, vdn

hda, gido dye, phdp ly.., vd cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira mang tinh cudng che...v.v.
Khi bdn ve cdc chu the phdng ngira tQi phym, diem ddng chu y la ngodi nhttng chu

the Id co quan nhd nude, cdc tdc gid cung da khdng djnh rdng do tinh chat nghiem

trQng cua viyc dau tranh chdng t$i phym nen khdng the uy nhi?m cong vi$c ndy cho
m$t to chuc ndo duQc md todn the xd hpi vd timg te bdo nhd cua xd h$i ddu phai

cung tryc tidp tham gia[85, tr.359].

- Cdc cong trinh nghien ciru d trong nude
Cdc giao trinh duQc sir dyng gidng day trong cdc trudng Dyi hQc nhu Giao

trinh TQi phym hQc, Dyi hQc Hud, Nxb Gido dye 1999 cua tdc gid Vd Khdnh
Vinh[178], Gido trinh tQi pham hQc, Nxb Dyi hQc Qudc Gia Hd NQi 1999 cua tdc

gid Nguyen NgQC Quang[94], Gido trinh TQi phpm hQc cua typ thd tdc gid trudng

Dyi hQc Luyt Hd N$i, Nxb CAND, Hd N$i 2000(141], Gido trinh TQi phym hpc,

Nxb Gido dye Viyt Nam 2010 do tdc gid Duong Tuydt Mien chu bien[82], Gido

trinh TQi pham hQc do tdc gid Le Nguyen Thanh chu bien cua trudng Dyi hQc Luyt
TP. Hd Chi Minh, Nxb. Hdng Due, TP.HCM 2013(143] thi nhttng vdn dd ly luyn vd

phdng ngira tQi pham dugc de cyp mQt cdch tuong ddi ddy du, bao gdm cdc vdn dd
vd djnh nghia, n$i dung, cdc nguyen tdc, bi?n phdp va chu thd cua hoyt d$ng phdng
ngira t$i phym. 6 djnh nghia phdng ngira tpi phym vd n$i dung phdng ngira tQi

phym, nhin chung cdc tdc gid ddu thong nhat trong vi$c xdc djnh n$i hdm cua khdi

9


ni?m phdng ngira, tire Id vi?c sir dyng nhttng bi$n phdp nhd nude vd xd h$i tdc dQng

vdo nguyen nhan vd didu kiyn cua tQi phym nhdm hyn che tien tdi loyi tru ra khdi xd

hQi; n$i dung phdng ngtta dugc cdc tdc gia thong nhat trong vi?c djnh hudng chung
thong qua n§i dung phdng ngtta bdng cdc biyn phdp nhd nude (mang tinh cudng che

bdt buQc) vd n$i dung phdng ngtta mang tinh xd hQi.

Trong Gido trinh Tdi phym hpc cua Trudng Dyi hQc Hud do GS.TS VS

Khanh Vinh chu bien ndm 1999 cd n$i dung ddng chu y Id dd de cyp d$n bi?n phdp

nhan chung hQc[178, tr. 163], tttc Id biyn phdp tdc dQng den cdc qud trinh di cu vd

thich nghi xd hQi cua nhttng ngudi di cu hay mQt so tieu chi phan loyi ddng chu y

nhu vi?c phan loyi theo co ch6 hoat d$ng hay cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngua cd the
dugc nhdm theo sy phdt trien cua hoat dQng phdng ngira cd myc dich (nhu phdng

ngira d giai doan sdm, ngdn ch$n tQi pham d giai doan chuan bj phym tQi vd pham

tQi chua dyt, cdc bi$n phdp phdng ngira tdi phym).
Trong cdc cong trinh nghien ettu d dang Id sdeh chuyen khdo, ly luyn ve phdng

ngira t$i pham dugc nghien cuu d quySn Nhung van dd ly luan vJ Luat Hinh su, Td
tung Hinh sir vd Tpi pham hpc cua Uy ban Khoa hQc xd hQi Vi?t Nam, Vi?n Thong

tin khoa hQc xd hQi, Hd N$i 1981(152],

pham hpc, Luat Hinh str vd Lupt Td

tung hinh su Vi?t Nam, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, Hd N$i 1995 (GS.TS Ddo Tri Uc

chu bien)[174], Tpi phpm hpc Vipt Nam: Nipt so vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien cua

Vi?n Nghien ciru Nhd nude vd Phdp luat, Nxb CAND, Hd N$i 2000(175], Tpipham
hpc hipn dai vd phdng ngira tpi pham cua tdc gid Nguyen Xuan Yem, Nxb CAND,

Hd N$i 2001(182], Tam ly xd hpi vd hoat dpng phdng ngira tpi pham cua tdc gid
Nguyln Qudc Nhat, Hoang Thj Bich NgQC, Btti Vdn Thjnh, Nxb CAND, Hd N$i

2006(89]. Trong cdc cong trinh ndy, ly luyn vd phdng ngira tQi phym dd duyc dd cyp

khd rd vd nhin chung khong cd sy khde bi$t ddng ke gitta cdc nhd nghien cuu. Tuy


nhien, lien quan ddn djnh nghia phdng ngtta tQi phym, trong khi da so cdc tdc gid
khde thira nhan phdng ngtta tQi phym Id hoyt d$ng nhdm ngdn ngtta trudc vd hoyt
dQng chong sau khi tQi phym xdy ra thi TS Nguydn Mynh Khdng, tdc gid phdn

“Phdng ngtta tQi phym” trong quyen Tpi pham hpc Vipt Nam: Nipt sd vdn dd ly lupn
vd thuc tien cua Vi?n Nghien ettu Nhd nude vd Phdp luyt, Nxb CAND, H. 2000 lyi
cho rang phdng ngtta tQi pham dugc hieu theo nghia hyp: “Phdng ngtta tQi phym

hidu theo nguyen nghia cua nd Id ngdn ngtta tQi phym xdy ra, bao vq xd hQi, nhd

nude vd cong dan khdi sy xam hyi cua tQi phym”[175, tr.235-6].

10


Trong nh6m cdc bai typ chi viet ve phdng ngira tQi phym c6 cdc bdi viet Van
de kiem soat tQi phym cua tdc gia Ddo Tri Uc tyi tap chi Nha nude vd Phdp luyt so 6
ndm 1999[ 149], Ve nhung xu hudng vd nQi dung cor bdn cua chien Iuqtc dau tranh

vdi tinh hinh tQi pham cua tdc gia Vd Khdnh Vinh ddng tren tap chi Nhd nude va
Phdp luat sd 10 ndm 2004[ 179], Phdng ngua tQi pham trong c$ng dong dan cu cua
tdc gia H6 TrQng NgQ tai Tap chi Nha nude va Phdp luat, so 6/2005(87], bdi Phdng

ngua tQi pham vd t? nqn xa hQi bao dam phat trien con ngudi ben vung cua tdc gid
Phym Hong Hai tyi tap chi Nha nude vd Phdp luat so 5 ndm 2005(45], bdi viet
Phdng ngua tQi pham trong TQi pham hQc cua tdc gid Nguyen NgQC Hda tyi t^p chi

Luyt hQc so 6/2007(49], bdi viet Van de danh gid hit?u qua phdng ngua tQi pham
cua tdc gid Le Nguyen Thanh, tap chi Khoa hQc Phdp ly so 1 ndm 2007(107], bdi

viet Phdng ngua tinh hinh tQi pham cua tdc gid Duomg Tuyet Mien tai typ chi

TAND so 5/2008(80], bdi viet Ve cdc nguyen tdc cor bdn trong phdng ngua tQi
pham cua tdc gid Trinh Tien Vi?t tren tap chi Kiem sat so 9 ndm 2008(176], bdi viet
TQi pham hQc Vi$t Nam vd Phdng ngua tQi pham cua tdc gia Pham Vdn Tinh ddng

tren tap chi Nhd nude vd Phdp luat so 4/2009(126], v.v... Qua cdc bdi viet nay, lien
quan den djnh nghia phdng ngua tQi phym, NCS nhan thay rdng cdc tdc gid cd hai
xu hudng, vi dy nhu tdc gid Pham Vdn Tinh vd tdc gid Ho TrQng Ngu djnh nghia

phdng ngira tQi pham theo nghia md r$ng, tuc la bao gdm hoyt d$ng phdng vd

chdng tQi phym nhung tdc gid Nguyen NgQC Hda thi lyi cho rdng “phdng ngira tQi
pham phai duyc hieu trong pham vi nguyen nghia cua nd. Phdng ngira tQi pham la

nhung hoat d$ng loai trir, lam thay doi cua tQi pham hodc khong che tdc dung cua

no nhdm ngdn chdn tQi pham xay ra”[49, tr.25].
Qua tham khao nhttng cong trinh nghien cuu lien quan den ly luan ve phdng

ngira tQi pham trong vd ngoai nude, NCS nhan thay rdng cdc cong trinh nghien cuu
cua cdc tdc gid nude ngodi quan tarn nhieu ve cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira tQi phym
cy the vd chu thd dp dyng cdc bi$n phdp phdng ngira, trong khi dd cdc tdc gid trong

nude quan tarn den djnh nghia, n$i dung, phan loyi cdc biyn phdp phdng ngira, cdc

nguyen tdc cua hoyt dQng phdng ngira. Nhttng van de ly luyn ve phdng ngira tQi
pham nay da duyc cdc tdc gia xay dyng dya tren cdc thong sd ve tinh hinh tQi phym

tren thyc tidn, tren co sd phan tich nguyen nhan vd didu ki?n 1dm phdt sinh tinh hinh

t$i phym, cdc ddc diem thu$c ve cd nhan ngudi phym t$i, ddc biyt la thong qua viyc

ddnh gid hoyt dQng phdng ngira tren thyc tien cung nhu dy bao ve t$i phym trong

tuomg lai. Day cd the duyc xem la nhttng nen tang co bdn de xay dyng nhttng van

11


de ly luyn vd phdng ngira tQi phym. Nhttng diem mdi ve ly luyn, nhat la nhttng diem

mdi trong cdc bi$n phdp phdng ngtta tQi phym d nude ngodi da dirge cdc tdc gid de
cap trong cdc cong trinh neu tren sd dirge NCS tham khdo chQn lgc sur dyng nhdm
h? thdng mQt cdch cd khoa hQc nhttng vdn de ly luan ve phdng ngira tQi phym vd de

ra cdc gidi phdp nhdm phdng ngira cdc tQi phym ve ma tuy co hi?u qud.
1.1.2 Cdc cong trinh nghien ciru nhirng van de ly luan vi phdng ngira tpi
ph pm vi ma tuy trong dd cd toi tdng trir, vpn chuyen, mua bdn trdi phdp hope
chiem dopt chit ma tuy

Cdc cong trinh nghien cuu d nude ngodi:
Cdc cong trinh nghien ettu d nude ngodi de cap nhttng vdn de ly luyn ve phdng

ngira cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy ma NCS thu thap dugc the hi?n d hai nhdm: sdch

chuyen khdo, luan dn vd bdi viet dugc ddng tren typ chi luyt chuyen nganh.
0 nhdm cdc sdch chuyen khdo, quyen sdch Crime in Europe (Tym djeh: TQi

pham d Chau Au) la tap hgp nhidu bdi viet dugc trinh bay tyi hgi thao cung ten tyi
Dyi hQc York vdo thdng 10 ndm 1988 do hai tdc gid Frances Heidensohn vd Martin

Farrell bien tap, dugc Nxb Routledge xudt bdn ndm 1989(189]. Trong bdi vidt

“Drug, crime and law enforcement - Some issuse for Europe ’’(Tarn djeh: Ma tuy, tQi
pham vd su cudng che cua phdp luat - MQt so vdn de d cdc nude chau Au) cdc tdc

gid Nick Dorn vd Nigel South da de cyp ddn van de chu the phdng ngira cdc tgi
phym vd ma tuy. Sau khi ddnh gid hoyt dQng cua cdc vdn phdng trong to chuc C$ng

ddng chau Au lien quan ddn vi?c giup dtt, hgp tdc gitta cdc qudc gia trong cdc vdn
dd vd ma tuy, cdc tdc gid da nhdn mynh vai tro cua cdc nhdm, cdc to chuc trong vige

gidi quyet tinh trang ma tuy vd hau qud cua nd. V6i nhttng td chuc da dugc thdnh

lap tren thyc td vd tren co so hQc typ kinh nghi^m cua nude My, d cudi bdi vidt, cdc
tdc gid dd cd m$t so de xuat trong tuomg lai nhu thdnh lyp cdc to chuc nhdm myc
dich trao doi thdng tin gitta cdc cor quan ednh sdt vd cdc co quan an ninh cd thdm

quydn, gitta nhttng co quan hdnh phdp, co quan lap phdp vd thidt lyp co chd ho trg
ve tdi chinh vd cdc ky thuyt dieu tra lien quan ddn cdc tQi phym ve ma tuy.
Ld cong trinh typ hgp cdc bdi viet cua nhieu tdc gid tir nhidu qudc gia khdc

nhau, quydn sdch The reduction of drug - related harm (Tam djeh: Vi£c gidm tdc
hai cua ma tuy) do tdc gid P.A O Hare chu bien vd dugc nhd xudt bdn Routledge
phdt hdnh ndm 1992(199] da khdi qudt cuqc dau tranh phdng chong ma tuy cua cdc

qudc gia khdc nhau nhu My, Hd Lan, Australia, Due. N$i dung chinh dugc cdc tdc
gid quan tarn trong cdc bdi viet ndy la nhttng vdn de lien quan den tdc hyi cua ma

12



tuy gay ra cho xd hQi va cdc bi?n phdp nhdm ngdn ngira ma tuy, giam thi?t hai do

ma tuy gay ra cho con ngudi, nhat la ngudi chua thdnh nien. Ben cynh do, hinh thuc
dieu trj bdng Methadone cung dugc cdc tdc gid Ernst Buning, Giel van Brussel and
Gerrit van Santen de cap den trong bai viet The impact of harm reduction drug

policy on AIDS prevention in Amsterdam (Tam djch: Su tdc dQng cua chinh sdeh
giam thiQt hai cua ma tuy trong vice ngdn ngua AIDS a Amsterdam)[\99, tr.3O].

Trong quyen sdeh Criminology (Tam dich: TQi phym hQc) (fourth edition)
cua tdc gia Larry J.Siegel, Nxb West Publishing Company, 1992[ 198], tdc gid cung
dd khdi quat vd cdc biyn phdp kiem sodt va phdng ngira t? nyn ma tuy, cdc chinh

sdeh ve mdt phdp luyt trong vi?c ngdn cam nguon cung cap ma tuy tir nude ngodi,

cdc chinh sdeh ve mdt phdp luyt lien quan den vi$c chu dQng dau tranh vdi ma tuy
nhu chinh sdeh tan cong, xam nhap, truy to vao cdc bdng nhdm tQi phym ma tuy
mang tinh truyen thong va cdc bdng nhdm mdi xuat hi$n (chu yeu do ngudi chua

thanh nien thyc hi^n) va ddc bi?t cong trinh nay da de cap den cdc chinh sdeh trong
viyc phdng ngira trudc khong de cdc tQi pham ve ma tuy xdy ra tren nude My bdng

each tap trung gido dye tdc hai cua ma tuy cho CQng ddng, ddc bi?t Id tre em va

ngudi chua thanh nien. Ben canh do tdc gid Larry J.Siegel con de cap den chinh
sdeh ve dieu tri cho nhttng ngudi nghien ma tuy nhu phuong phdp dieu trj bdng
“methadone”, nhttng phuomg phdp dieu trj khde nhu thdi mien, tu van, v.v... Dieu

ddc biyt luu y trong quyen sdeh nay la tyi trang 433, tdc gia dd de cyp den van de

“hyp phdp hoa”. Theo tdc gid, mdc dii co nhieu no lyc trong hoat dQng kiem soat ma
tuy thong qua viyc phdng ngira, ngdn chdn, gido dye, didu trj.., nhung cuqc chidn

chdng ma tuy chua dugc chung minh la thanh cong, chinh vi vay, da co mQt sd dd

xuat hyp phdp hoa ma tuy. Theo quan diem ndy, neu ma tuy duyc hyp phdp hda, sy
phan phoi ma tuy sd duyc Chinh phu kiem sodt, gid cd va sy phan phoi ma tuy sd

duyc quy djnh cy the vd sd tien ngudi nghien can de mua ma tuy sd giam. Ngodi ra,
dieu ndy sd keo theo h? qua Id ti 1q tQi pham sd giam, sd ngudi chet vi ma tuy cung

giam do Chinh phu kiem sodt duyc sy lay nhiem HIV. Vi?c hyp phdp hoa ma tuy sd
phd huy cdc bdng nhdm tQi phym nhap khau ma tuy, mdt khde, khi ma tuy duyc

mua bdn mQt edeh hyp phdp, nhd nude sd thu duyc hai khodn thue tir vi$c mua bdn
ma tuy lan thue thu nhap tir ngudi phan phoi ma tuy. Khi neu cdc quan diem ndy,
tdc gid da rat nhan mynh den viyc hyp thuc hda ma tuy phdi duyc quy djnh chdt chd

vd gitt ma tuy trdnh xa bQ phyn ngudi tre trong xd hQi.

13


Cung lien quan ddn van de phdng ngira tQi cdc tQi pham ve ma tuy d My,
quyen sdch Criminology (Third edition) cua cdc tdc gid Freda Adler, Gerhard O.W.

Mueller, William S. Laufer, NXB Me Graw Hill, 1997[ 191 ] cung de cyp ddn nhttng
n$i dung tuong ty nhu tdc gid Larry J.Siegel trong quyen Criminology vua nhde tdi
d tren, tuc Id cdc tdc gid cung typ trung vdo cdc n$i dung phdng ngua, kiem soat ma


tuy d My, tuy nhien trong cong trinh nay, cdc tdc gia nhan manh cdc chinh sdch cua
tdng thong Goerge Bush trong chinh sdch chdng ma tuy d hai muc dQ Id tdm quoc td

vd tdm quoc gia.

Luyn dn tien si:
Legislative Implementation by Vietnam of Obligations under the United
Nations Drug Control Conventions (Tym djch: Su thuc hi?n ve mat phdp luqt cua
Vi?t Nam doi vdi cdc Cong udc cua Lien hep Quoc ve ki£m soat ma tuy) Id ten cua

luyn dn tidn si luat hQc - trudng Dyi hQc Wollongong, Australia cua tdc gid Nguyen

Thj Phuong Hoa[194]. Day Id dd tdi chuyen nghien cuu vd hoyt dQng n$i luyt hda

nQi dung cdc Cong udc ve phdng chdng ma tuy cua Lien hop Quoc cho nen nhttng
vdn de duQc neu ra trong cong trinh cd y nghia quan trQng trong viyc hodn thiyn cdc
vdn de ly luan vd phdng ngua cdc tQi phym vd ma tuy d Viyt Nam hiyn nay, ddc bi?t

Id cdc n$i dung lien quan den “Su t$i phym hda cdc hdnh vi lien quan den ma tuy”
(Criminalization of Drug-related offenses)[194, tr. 161], Tham quyen xdt xu vd sy

dan d$ (Jurisdiction and Extradition)[194, tr. 216].
Bdi nghien cuu duQc ddng tren typ chi:

Bdi nghien cuu Making sense ofDrug Regulation: A Theory ofLaw for Drug
Control Policy (Tam djch: Hieu rd cdc quy djnh ve ma tuy: Mpt ly thuy&t cua Luat

ve chinh sdch kiem soat ma tuy) cua tdc gid Kimani Paul - Emile, trudng Luyt, Dyi
hQc Fordham, My ndm 2010 duQc ddng tren typ chi di?n tu Social Science Research


Network (SSRN)[196] Id cong trinh the hidn quan didm cua tdc gid trong vi?c quy

djnh cdc hdnh vi pham tQi vd ma tuy. Theo tdc gid, dya tren it ho$c khong cd bdng
chung th\rc nghi^m vd duQc lyc hQc cua thudc thi edn cd sy phan biyt cdc chat ma

tuy de cd the y te hda, t$i phym hda ho$c cd the coi la thich hop de gidi tri d mQt so

chdt ma tuy. Tuy bdi viet ndy khong nghien cuu vd cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira tQi

phym vd ma tuy nhung edeh tiep can cua tdc gid vd viyc t$i pham hda cdc hdnh vi
lien quan ddn ma tuy cung cd y nghia quan trQng khi NCS gidi thich nguyen nhan

vd didu ki$n cua cdc tQi phym vd ma tuy dudi gdc dQ tarn ly xd h$i vd dudi gdc d$

quan diem cua nhd 1dm luyt.

14


Bdi nghien curu Collateral Damage: The “War on Drugs", and the Latin
America and Caribbean Region: Policy Recommendation for the Obama

Administration (Tam djeh:

hqi gian tiep cua “Cuqc chidn chong ma tuy”d

vung My La-tinh vd Ca-ri-be: Nhirng khuyen cao cho chinh quydn Obama) cua cdc

tdc gid June N. P.Francis and Gary A.Mauser, trudng D^i hQc Simon Fraser, Canada
dugc dang tren tap chi di?n tu Social Science Research Network (SSRN)[195].


Trong bdi viet nay, cdc tdc gia cho ring

cuqc

chien chdng ma tuy cua chinh quydn

Obama d vung My la-tinh va vung Ca-ri-be dd nhdn manh ddn vi$c gidm bdt nguon
cung cap t^i nhttng qudc gia sdn xudt vd van chuyen ma tuy han Id 1dm gidm nhu

cau t^i nude My. Chinh thyc td ndy dd dan tdi ngudi buon ma tuy su dyng bao lgc
vd tham nhttng de duy tri lqri ich cua hQ vd kdt qud Id cdc qudc gia LAC cd ti 1? tQi

pham gidt ngudi cao nhdt thd gidi, tham chi cdn cao han nhttng vung cd xung dQt
vtt trang. Vdi nhttng bing chung do, cdc tdc gid dd dd xudt Chinh phu My xda bd

vi?c ngan edm ma tuy vd vi?c phi tQi pham hoa se giup hQ kiem sodt sy van chuyen,
chd bidn vd phan phdi ma tuy tdt han. Ben canh do, vi?c phi tQi pham hda ndy ettng

gin lien vdi vi$c tdng nguon thu tu thue d My vd cdc qudc gia LAC ettng nhu so
tidn ndy sd hd trg cho nhttng chuang trinh quan trgng etta cdc qudc gia ndy.

Didu cd the nhan xdt chung d hai bdi nghien cuu tren Id mdc du cdc tdc gid de

c£p den cdc tpi ph^im ve ma tuy dudi khia c^nh Id h^n chd ho$c xda bd cdc tQi ph^im
ndy vd didu ndy cd vd khdng lien quan, th|m chi doi nghjch vdi de tdi cua NCS, tuy
nhien cdc cong trinh ndy da giup NCS cd edi nhin da chieu ve tQi pham ma tuy vd

cd y nghia trong vi$c kidn nghi ve mdt phdp luat doi vdi hdnh vi lien quan ddn cdc


chdt ma tuy cq thd cung nhu trong vide dd xudt nhttng bien phdp cai nghien, han chd

su dyng cdc chdt ma tuy.
- Cdc cong trinh nghien cuu d trong nude:

Cdc cong trinh nghien cuu trong nude de c§p den nhttng van de ly lu§n ve
phdng ngira cdc t$i pham ve ma tuy bao gom sdch chuyen khdo, dd tdi nghien cuu

khoa hQc cap nhd nude vd lu£n dn tidn si.

Trong nhdm cdc sdch chuydn khdo lien quan ddn vdn dd ndy cd quyen Cdc
tpi pham vd ma tuy - Dae diem hinh su; Ddu hu>u phdp ly; Cdc bi$n phdp phdt hi?n

vd didu tra cua tdc gid Nguyen Phong Hda, Nxb CAND, Hd N$i 1998[50], TQi

pham hoc hi?n dai vd phdng ngira tQi pham cua tdc gid Nguydn Xuan Yem, Nxb

CAND, Hd N$i 2001 [182], Nhirng van dd ly luan vd thyc tien cua vide dau tranh
phdng, chdng cdc td nqn xd h$i d nude ta do cdc tdc gid Ddo Tri Uc vd Vd Khdnh

15


Vinh ddng chu bien, Nxb CAND, Ha N$i 2002[l51], Hiem hpa ma tuy vd cuqc

chien moi cua tdc gid Nguyen Xuan Yem va tdc gia Tran Vdn Luydn, Nxb CAND,
Ha N$i 2002[ 184]. €5 nhttng cong trinh nay, nhttng van de ly Iu$n vd phdng ngtta tQi

pham dirge cac tdc gid dd cap den chu yeu la ddc diem phdp ly hinh sg cua cdc tQi
\

f
pham vd ma tuy, nhan thttc chung ve ma tuy vd cong tdc phdng chdng ma tuy,
nhttng dinh hudng chung nhdm phdng chdng cdc tQi pham ve ma tuy cd hi?u qua.
De tai nghien ettu khoa hQC cap nha nude Luan cu khoa hpc cho nhirng giai

phdp nang cao hipu qua phdng, chdng tQi pham ve ma tuy do tdc gid Vu Httng
Vuong chu nhi^m dugc nghi?m thu ndm 2002 [ 181] la cong trinh nghien cuu cd tinh

chat quy md ldn lien quan den hoat dQng phdng, chdng tQi ph^im ve ma tuy d ViQt

Nam trong giai doan hi$n nay. Tren co sd ddnh gid tinh hinh tQi ph^im ve ma tuy
tren the gidi va d ViQt Nam, cdc tdc gid dd phan tich nguyen nhan va dieu ki?n cua

tinh hinh tQi pham tai ViQt Nam, ddnh gid ho^t d$ng phdng chdng cdc tQi pham ve
ma tuy tai Vi?t Nam trong thdi gian qua cung nhu de ra nhttng gidi phdp nhdm nang
cao hi?u qua cua hoat dQng nay trong thdi gian tdi. Diem ddng chu y cua cong trinh
nay la cdc tdc gia da xac dinh nhttng van de mang tinh tu tudng chi dao chung cho

hoat dQng phdng, chdng cdc tQi pham ve ma tuy Va nhttng tu tudng nay cd the duQc
van dyng vao hoat d$ng phdng chdng tQi ph^m vd ma tuy tren dja bdn TP.HCM.

Khi trien khai de tdi d pham vi khong gian h?p la TP.HCM, cdc tu tudng quan diem
nay sd dugc cy the hda tuong ttng vdi nhttng ddc diem ddc trung vd dan cu, kinh te,

vdn hoa.., cua dia phuong.
Trong nhdm luan dn tien si, cd the nhan xet rdng cho den nay chua cd cong

trinh nao nghien cuu chuyen sau nhttng van de ly luan ve phdng ngtta cdc tQi pham
vd ma tuy, tuy nhien nhttng vdn de ly luan nay cd the duQc dd cap d mQt phdn


(chuong cua lu§n dn) nhu luan dn tidn si luat hQc Hoat dQng phdng ngua cdc tQi
pham ve ma tuy cua luc lupng CSND cua tdc gid Vu Quang Vinh, Hqc vi?n CSND
ndm 2003 [180], luan dn tidn si luat hQC Hoqt dQng phdng ngua vd dieu tra tQipham
y
r
»
ve ma tuy cua lire lupng Cong an cdp huyen cua tdc gia Ngo D^i Tuan, Hqc vi?n
CSND ndm 2006[146], luan dn tidn si luat hQC Dau tranh phdng, chdng cdc tQi

pham ve ma tuy tren dja bdn tinh San La - cua tdc gid Tran NgQc Huong, Vi?n Nhd
nude va Phdp luat ndm 2009[54], luan dn Dau tranh phdng, chdng cdc tQi pham ve

ma tuy tren dja bdn Thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh cua tdc gia Huynh Vdn Em ndm
2015[43]. Nhttng van de ly lu£n vd phdng ngtta cdc tQi ma tuy d nhttng cong trinh

nay duQc the hi?n d nhttng n
16


vd ma tuy, khdi ni?m, nQi dung cua hoQt d$ng phdng ngua cdc tQi ph^m vd ma tuy

vd chu truong cua Ddng, Nhd nude ve phdng, chdng cdc tQi ph^m ve ma tuy.

Nhu v|y cd the thdy rdng cd vdi diem khde bi?t trong quan didm cua cdc nhd
nghien cuu trong vd ngoai nude ve van de ndy. Qua nhttng cong trinh dd tham khdo
nhu tren, NCS nhan thdy cdc nhd nghien cuu ngodi nude it quan tarn nhttng van dd

ly luan vd phdng ngira cdc tQi pham ma tuy, neu cd, hQ sd quan tarn den co sd khoa


hQc vd co sd th\rc tien cua vi?c quy dinh cdc tQi pham ve ma tuy, cua hoat dQng
phdng ngira vd kiem sodt ma tuy; trong khi dd cdc nhd nghien cuu trong nude quan

tarn nhieu den ddc diem phdp ly, khdi ni?m, nQi dung phdng ngira cdc tQi ph^m ve
ma tuy, chu truong cua Dang vd Nhd nude trong hoQt dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi

ph^m ve ma tuy. Su khde nhau trong each tidp can ndy sd giup NCS cd each tidp
can da chidu khi giai quyet nhttng n$i dung cd lien quan trong luan dn. Ben c^nh dd,

mQt sd vdn de thuQC ly lu$n vd phdng ngira cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy chua duQc cdc

cong trinh de cap se duQc NCS tidp tuc nghien cuu, vi dy ly luan ve phdng ngira
nhom tQi pham se duQc NCS h? thdng vd xay dung vd la co sd dd phdng ngira cdc
tQi tdng trtt, van chuyen, mua bdn trai phdp ho£c chiem doat chat ma tuy tren dja

bdn TP.HCM hi?n nay.

1.2 Cdc cong trinh nghien cuu ve thuc trang phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng
trtt, van chuyen, mua bdn trdi phep hodc chiem doat chat ma tuy vd nhung
bifn phdp tdng cudng hoat dQng phdng ngira nhdm tQi pham ndy tren dja bdn
TP.HCM

1.2.1Cdc cong trinh nghien ciru vl thirc trang hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc
tyi tdng trit, vyn chuyin, mua bdn trdi phep hoac chiem doat chit ma tuy dr ViQt
Nam vd nhirng bi$n phdp nhdm tdng circmg hoyt dong phdng ngira tQiphym
0 cap dQ Id kidn thuc pho qudt, Giao trinh TQi phym Hqc do tdc gid Duong

Tuydt Mien chu bien, Nxb Giao due Vi?t Nam, Hd N^i 2010[82] dd c6 chuyen de
“Phdng ngira tQi pham ma tuy d Vi?t Nam” cua tdc gid Nguyen Tuyet Mai[82,


tr. 169]. Trong khuon kho Id mQt chuyen de cua gido trinh, tdc gid Nguydn Tuydt
Mai khong ddnh gid ve thuc trang phdng ngira cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy d Vi?t Nam

ma chi neu ra “cdc bi?n phdp phdng ngira tQi pham ma tuy d Vi?t Nam”[82, tr. 193]
tren co sd ddnh gid tinh hinh, phan tich nguyen nhan vd dieu ki?n cua nhdm tQi

phQm ndy. Tdc gid cho rdng “Phdng ngira tQi pham ma tuy phai tdc dQng theo hudng
xda bd cdc nguyen nhan vd didu ki$n tQi ph^m, tao nen moi tuong tdc tich cue gitta

moi trudng vd con ngudi”[82, tr.193] vd theo dd, tdc gid dd nhde tdi cdc bdn bi$n

17


phdp co bdn Id gi&i quyet cdc van <16 vd kinh te xd h$i, tdng cudng hoyt dQng tuyen

truyen gido dye, tdng cudng qudn ly nha nude vd an ninh tryt ty, hodn thiyn phdp
luyt va tdng cudng dau tranh chdng tQi pham ma tuy. NhOmg bi?n phdp ma duQrc tdc

gia nhde tdi la cdc biyn phdp mdi chi tac dQng vdo cdc nguyen nhan va didu kiyn
moi trudng song chu chua tdc dQng vdo thuQC ve ngudi pham tQi (nhu tdc gid
Nguyen Tuyet Mai da trinh bay tai trang 190 cua gido trinh) cho nen c6 the xem day

la phan nQi dung NCS sd tiep tyc lam rd trong luyn dn.
0 nhdm cdc sdch chuyen khdo, vdn de danh gid thyc trang hoyt dQng phdng

ngua cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy d Vi?t Nam chua duyc de cap rd md cdc cong trinh
chu yeu de cyp den cdc giai phdp nhdm nang cao hoyt dQng phdng ngua cdc tQi

pham vd ma tuy d Viyt Nam. Trong quyen sdch Tpi pham hpc hic>n dai vd phdng

ngira tpi pham cua tdc gid Nguyen Xuan Yem, Nxb CAND, Hd NQi 2001(182], tdc
gid da typ trung vdo bdn gidi phdp chinh bao gdm tdng cudng tuyen truyen gido dye
truyen thdng ve phdng chdng ma tuy, doi mdi cdc biyn phdp kinh te - xa hQi phyc

vu dau tranh phdng chdng ma tuy ndi chung vd gidi quyet van de nghiyn ma tuy ndi

rieng, hodn thi?n he thdng phdp luat lam co sd cho

cuqc

dau tranh phdng chdng ma

tuy trong tinh hinh mdi, cung cd vd day manh hoyt dQng cdc co quan chdng tQi

phym ma tuy chuyen trach trong co quan Cong an, ViQn Kiem sdt, Tda dn, Hdi
quan, Bq d$i bien phdng, Canh sdt bien.

Trong quyen sdch Nhung vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien cua vi$c dau tranh

phdng, chdng cdc t? nan xd hpi dr nucrc ta do tdc gid Dao Tri Uc vd Vd Khdnh Vinh
ddng chu bien, Nxb CAND, Hd NQi 2002(151], khi de cap den nQi dung “Phuomg

hudng vd gidi phdp tdng cudng dau tranh phdng chdng te nan ma tuy”[151, tr.243],

cong trinh da xac djnh cdc phuomg hudng ve td chuc, bQ mdy; phuomg hudng trong
viQc su dyng phuomg tiyn phdp luyt trong hoyt dQng phdng chdng ma tuy. Didm
ddng chu y lien quan ddn phdng, chdng cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy trong cong trinh

Hiem hpa ma tuy vd cupc chien mori cua tdc gid Nguydn Xuan Yem vd Trdn Vdn
Luydn, Nxb CAND, Hd N$i 2002(184] Id van de cai nghien ma tuy, mQt hoyt d$ng

mang tinh tidn de de phdng, chdng cdc t$i pham ve ma tuy. Quan diem “Nghiyn ma

tuy hidn nay can duyc didu tri nhu Id mQt cdn bynh nguy hiem”[184, tr.208] Id quan
diem mang tinh tidn bQ vua mang tinh nhan dao vua thd hiyn tinh quydt liyt trong
hoat d$ng chtta trj cho ngudi nghien ma tuy.

Trong quydn sdch Phong, chdng tpi pham truyen thdng vd tpi pham phi

truyen thdng trong dieu ki$n hpi nhap qudc te cua Trung tarn nghien cuu tQi phym

18


hQC vd phdng ngira tQi ph^m thuQC Hqc vi?n CSND, Nxb CAND 2009(138], tdc gid

Nguyen Anh Tudn c6 bai viet Thuc trqng tinh hinh vd mQt so gidi phdp cong tdc
hop tdc qudc te trongphdng, chdng tQipham ma tuy[ 13 8, tr.218]. Do ph^m vi de tdi
cua bai viet md nhttng gidi phdp phdng chdng ma tuy dugc tdc gid trinh bay chi Id

nhttng gidi phdp nhdm day manh quan h? hop tdc qudc te nhu xdy dyng vd hodn
thi?n vd phdp luat dan dQ tQi pham, xay dyng vd hodn thi?n phdp luat vd tuong trqr

tu phdp hinh sy, thidt lap mang luoi si quan lien lac t^i cdc nude cd lien h? voi Vi?t
Nam trong ddu tranh phdng, chdng ma tuy, to chuc thyc hi?n cd hi?u qua cdc hi?p
djnh dd ky ve phdng chong ma tuy gifta Vi?t Nam voi cdc nude. Nhttng gidi phdp

ndy that sy edn thiet trong hoat dQng phdng ngira cdc tQi pham vd ma tuy d ViQt
Nam hi?n nay khi sd luyng cdc tQi ph^m ve ma tuy cd to chuc xuyen qudc gia ngdy

edng gia tdng vd NCS sd tham khdo cdc gidi phdp ndy khi xay dyng cdc gidi phdp

phdng ngira cdc tQi tdng trit, van chuydn, mua bdn trdi phdp hodc chidm doat chat

ma tuy tren dia bdn TP.HCM hi?n nay.
Rieng d quyen sdeh Td chuc vd hoat dQng trong phdt hi$n, xu ly tin ban dau

tQi pham ma tuy tren dia bdn do thj cua tdc gid Dam Thanh The, Nxb CAND
2013(110] la cong trinh chuydn nghien cuu vd de ra nhttng bi?n phdp mang tinh

nghidp vy cua cong an cdp quan trong vi?c ddu tranh vdri tQi pham ma tuy, cho nen
sau khi trinh bdy nhttng vdn dd mang tinh ly lu£n chung cung nhu thyc tr^ng ho?t

d$ng cua co quan cong an cdp quan, tdc gid dd tap trung vdo cdc gidi phdp g6p phan
nang cao hi?u qud hoat dQng cua cong an cdp quan trong phdt hi?n, xu ly tin ban

ddu tQi pham vd ma tuy tren dia bdn do thj. Theo tdc gid, cdc gidi phdp ndy bao g6m
hai nhom: cdc gidi phdp chung vd cdc gidi phdp rieng, trong do ddng chu y trong

nhom giai phdp chung la gidi phdp hodn thi?n h? thong vdn bdn phdp luat trong
cong tdc phdng ngira, dau tranh chong tQi pham vd ma tuy. Trong nhdm cdc gidi

phdp rieng, tdc gid dd neu ra cdc gidi phdp ve hodn thi$n to chuc lyc luyng, phuong
ti?n cua cong an cdp quan trong phdt hi$n, xu ly tin ban ddu tQi ph^im vd ma tuy t^i
dja bdn do thj, gidi phdp hodn thi?n mQt sd bi?n phdp cong tdc nhdm nang cao hi?u
qud phdt hi?n tin ban dau tQi pham vd ma tuy, gidi phdp vd xdy dyng vd chudn hda
quy trinh tidp nhan, xu ly tin ban dau tQi pham vd ma tuy vd gidi phdp nang cao hi?u

qud phoi hyp gitta cong an cdp quan voi cdc lyc luyng trong vd ngodi ngdnh trong
phdt hi?n, xu ly tin ban ddu t$i ph^m ve ma tuy tai dja bdn do thj.

Trong nhom cdc luan dn tidn si, lu|n dn tidn si luat hQC cua tdc gid Trdn NgQC

Huong: Ddu tranh phdng, chdng cdc tQi phqm ve ma tuy tren dja bdn tinh San La,

19


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