(ML
bO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

HOC VlfcN CIIINH TRI QUOC GIA
H6 CHI MINH

57-/ ■ P7*

BUI QUfiNG B0

DOI MOl VA HOAN THIEN
PHAP LUAT
•
•
TRONG QUAN LY NHA NUdC DOI Vdl
NGUdl NUdC NGOAI d NUdC TA HIEN NAY
Chuyen nganlv.

Ly luan Nha nude va phap quyen

Ma so

5.05.01

:

LUAN AN PHO TIEN si KHOA HOC LUAT HOC

hvtdng dan khoa hoc: PTS. Tran Dinh Nha

HA NOI, 1996

1

Ldl CAM DOAN

(c7<5Z debt (‘(ini itna/L cLaq, la eaag, IrmJi

mjliihi

cjuu

eaa rihtg, tot, &ae

lu'l

qua aia. ti'&aq (aait oil la Iraaq tiujte na

cJtua tuaq. ctade ai

ojcmuj.

ba traiuj. bat. luj,

CjOiuj iiialt. naa.

BUI QUANG BA

TP.KCmI


£)A1 HOC IVA*
xmr vjen

I


2

NHUNG CHtr VIET TAT TRONG LUAN AN

CNXH

Chu nghia xa hdi

XHCN

Xa hdi chu nghia

CH XHCN

C6ng hoa Xa hdi chu nghia

VN DCCH

Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hoa

CI-IND

C6ng hoa Nhan dan


CHDC

Cdng hoa Dan chu

CPC

Cam-pu-chia

ANQG

An ninh qutfc gia

TTATXH

Trat tu an toan xa hdi

DQTB

qud'c tu ban

BLHS

B6 luat hinh su

BLDS

B6 luat dan su

UBND


Uy ban nhan dan

BNV

B6 N6i vu

TAND

Toa dn nhan dan

TNHH

Trdch nhidm huu han

VPDD

Van phdng dai didn

NGO

T6 chufc phi chinh phu

XNC

Xua't nhap canh

ND

Nghi dinh


QD

Quy£t dinh

SL

Sac ldnh

LHQ

Li^n hop qudc


3

MUC LUC
Trang

06

MO DAU

Chuang 1.

Vai tro cua co che dieu chinh
phap luat trong quan ly Nha nude

doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai
1.1


- Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vi6t Nam

11
11

1.1.1 - Khai ni6m "ngudi nude ngoai"

11

1.1.2 - Ph^n loai ngudi nude ngoai

15

1.1.3 - Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vi6t Nam

16

1.1.4 - Quan ly Nha nude v6 an ninh qud'c gia

26

1.1.5 - Quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai

29

1.2

- Co ch£ di£u chinh phap luat - didu kidn co ban dam

bao hidu qua quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude

ngoai.

42

1.2.1 - Khai nifcm co ch£ di£u chinh phdp luat trong quan

ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoai.

42

1.2.2 - Ban cha't va ndi dung cua co ch£ didu chinh phap
luat trong quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai.

1.2.3" - Vai tro cua phap luat trong quan

Chuang 2.

ngudi nude ngoai.

45

Thue trang pjiap luat trong quan ly
Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai.

2.1

44

49


- Vai ndt lich su v6 phap luat quan ly ngudi nude ngoai

d Viet Nam.

49


4

2.2

- Thue trang quan ly Nha nude cua BO Ndi vu d<5i vdi
ngudi nude ngoai d Viet Nam.

60

2.2.1 - HO thd'ng cor quan quan ly Nha nude v6 nhap canh,
xuat canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai d

Viet Nam.

60

2.2.2 - Cdng tdc quan ly Nha nude cua B6 Ndi vu dd'i vdi

ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam.
2.3

62


- Thue trang vi pham ph£p luat cua ngudi nude ngoai
d Viet Nam va edng tdc xu ly cua c£c ccf quan

80

chute nang.
2.3.1 -Tinh hinh vi pham phdp luat Viet Nam cua ngudi

80

nude ngoai.
2.3.2 - Cdng tac didu tra, xu ly cac hoat ddng vi pham

phAp luat Viet Nam cua ngudi nude ngoai.

Chuang 3.

117

Phuong hudng doi mdi va hoan thien
phap luat trong quan ly Nha nude doi

vdi ngudi nude ngoai

3.1

128

- Mdt sd' quan di£m chi dao qud trinh d6i mdi va hoan
thien ph£p luat trong quan


Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi

128

nude ngoai
3.1.1 - Nhung quan di£m trong xay dung va hoan thien he

thd'ng phap luat quan

ngudi nude ngoai

129

3.1.2 - Quan di£m vd hoan thien bd‘ m£y quan ty ngudi

nude ngoai

130

3.1.3 - Nhung quan di£m va nguydn tac hoan thien he thd'ng

cdc co quan tai phdn

132


5

3.2


- Phuong hudng d6i mdi va hoan thidn phdp luSt

trong quan

133

ngubi nude ngoai

3.2.1 - X^y dung va hoan thibn h6 thong phAp luSt vi quan ly

133

ngubi nude ngoai

3.2.2 - D$i mdi va hoan thidn co chd tai phAn

142

3.2.3 - D8i mdi va hoan thibn bo mdy, co ch& quan ly Nha nude

dd'i vdi ngubi nude ngoai o nude ta

145

*3.2.4 - Phuong hudng xAy dung ddi ngu edn bd quan ly
ngubi nude ngoai

•


151

KET LU AN

156

Danh muc tai lidu tham khao

160


6

MO DAU
1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Lich sir phat tridn quan hd giua cac nude cho tha'y va'n dd quan
ngudi nude ngoai la mdt nhu c£u thuc tidn t£t ydu. Trude hdt, nd dam bao an

toan va tao thuan lpi cho ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, di lai, hoat ddng tai nude
sd tai. Thir hai, nd gop phan giu gin an niuh - trat tu, han chd va ngan chan
nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua ngudi nude ngoai trdn lanh thd qud'c gia

noi ngudi dd cu tru. Thu ba, nd gdp ph£n cung cd quan hd huu nghi giua cdc

nude cd quan hd hop tac vdi nhau.
Quan ly ngudi nude ngoai la mdt mat cua quan ly Nha nude trdn linh

vuc bao vd an ninh qudc gia (ANQG). 0 cdc nude, co chd didu chinh phdp
luat trong quan ly ngudi nude ngoai thudng xuydn dupe nghidn cuu, ddi mdi


ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn. Van de quan ly ngudi nude ngoai o

nude ta da dupe dat ra tir nhidu thap ky nay. Tuy nhidn, chi vai nam trd lai
day linh vuc nay mdi dupe dac bidt coi trong. Boi vay, linh vuc nghidn cuu

khoa hoc vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai noi chung, vd co chd didu chinh phdp
luat ndi ridng trong linh vuc nay d nude ta, thanh tuu dat dupe con khidm

tdn. Cho ddn nay, van chua cd mdt edng trinh khoa hoc nao nghidn cuu mdt
edeh cd hd thdng va toan didn vd linh vuc quan

ngudi nude ngoai, trong

luc ydu cdu thuc td dang dat ra ra't buc thidt.

Td khi Dang va Nha nude ta chu truong mb rdng quan hd hop tac vdi

edc nude theo phuong cham "thdm ban, bdt thii", sd lupng ngudi n’
hang nam ddn Vidt Nam ngay cang tang, vdi nhidu muc die?
thanh phdn va tinh cha't rdt da dang. Phan ldn ngudi nude nr
tich cue gdp phdn cung cd va phdt tridn quan hd huu ng1
Nam. Tuy nhidn, mdt bd phan khdng nhd da lpi dung

ngoai
n,


7


luat va sir long leo trong quan ly cua Nha nude ta, da cd nhung hoat ddng
phurc tap, gAy phuong hai dd'n ANQG va trat tu an toan xa hdi cua Vidt Nam.

Trong khi dd, cdng tac quan ly cua Nha nude ta chua d6i mdi kip thdi
tir nhan thurc, quan di£m dd'n hd thd'ng phdp luat va co chd' quan

Nhidu

chu truong, chinh sdeh cua Dang vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai chua dupe thd
chd' hod kip thdi. Su phd'i hop giua cac co quan, ban, ng&nh trong llnh vuc
quan ty ngudi nude ngoai chua dupe chat che, thid'u thd'ng nha't. Nhung tdn
/

tai dd cd thd kim ham qud trinh md cua, gay khd khan cho cdng tdc quan ty;
tdc ddng tidu cue dd'n linh vuc bao vd ANQG va trat tu an toan xa hdi cung

nhu cdc lpi ich vd chinh tri, kinh td', van hod, gido due, dd'i ngoai cua Dang

va Nha nude ta.
Trude nhung ddi hoi ca'p thid't cua tinh hinh ndi trdn, trong quan

Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai doi hoi vira phai qudn tridt quan di6m
"Vidt Nam mud'n lam ban vdi ta't ca cdc nude”, phuc vu cd hidu qua qud
trinh d6i mdi, md rdng dan chu; nhung ddng thdi van phai dam bao an ninh

qud'c gia, giu gin trat tu an toan xa hoi. Chinh vi vay, vide nghidn curu nhung

va'n dd ly luan va tong kd't kinh nghidm thuc tidn, dd trdn co sd dd nang cao
hidu qua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai; ddng thdi gdp phdn


hoan thidn hd thdng phdp luat vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai dang dat ra nhu
mdt nhu cdu burc thid't.
Vdi y nghia dd, vide nghidn cuu dd tai "Ddi mdi va hoan thidn phap

luat trong quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay” la
%

ra't cap thid't, ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn, phuc vu su nghidp ddi

mdi, cdng nghidp hod, hidn dai hod da't nude.
I

2. Tinh hinh nghien cuu
Nang cao hidu qua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai ludn la

tai dupe cdc nha khoa hoc va hoat ddng thuc ,tidn quan tarn nghidn curu.


8

Trong linh vuc nay, ddri nay da mdt sd' cdng trinh nghidn cuu duqc cdng bd',

nhu: Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai, ngudi khdng qud'c tich. (Gido trinh
lu&t hanh chfnh Vidt Nam-Dai hoc luat H& Ndi. 1994) (14); Dia vi ngudi

nude ngoai. (Gido trinh phAp luat Dai cuong-Dai hoc kinh td' qud'c dan.
1995)(16); Dia vi phip ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam v& cdng tdc
quan ly ngudi nude ngoai cua ta. (Tap chi Cdng an Nhan dan. Sd' 11. Nam

1995); Thai Cdng Khanh. Ban vd thuat ngu "ngudi nude ngoai", "ngudi Vidt


Nam dinh cu d nude ngoai" trong Bd luat dan su. (Tap chi Toa dn Nhan dan,
sd' 5/1996)(21); Nguydn Ngoc Anh. Mdt sd' vari dd vd quan hd dan su cd yd'u
td' nude ngoai trong Bd luat dan su. (Tap chi Cdng an Nhan dan, sd' thdng

7/1996)(7); Anh Ngoc. Bd luat dan su va vari dd qud'c tich (Tap chi Cdng an

Nhan dan, sd' thdng 7/1996) (33)...
(5 c£c gdc dd tid'p can kh£c nhau, cdc cdng trinh ndu trdn trong pham
vi nha't dinh da dd cap ddri vari dd ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam, dia vi phdp
ly cua ho cung nhu cdng tac quan ly cua ta. Tuy nhidn, vari dd quan ly Nha

nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay van chua duqc quan tarn
nghidn curu mdt each toan didn va co hd thd'ng.

3. Muc dich va nhiem vu cua luan an
Muc dfch chfnh cua luan an nay la gdp phdn lam s£ng to nhung co sd
ly luan va thuc tidn nham xdc dinh nhung dac trung, vai tro va ndi dung cua

quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai.

v

Dd dat duqc muc dfch trdn, luan an cd cac nhidm vu sau:

- Di sau phan tich, lam ro khdi nidm vd co chd' didu chinh phdp luat,
vai tro cua phdp luat trong cof chd' quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai
d nude ta hidn nay.



9

- Lu&n giai nhung luan cd khoa hoc phuc vu vide md rdng nghidn ctru
vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai nham tumg budc hoan thidn linh vuc edng tdc

nay ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn.
- Danh gid thuc trang phdp luat va thuc tidn quan

ngudi nude ngoai

d nude ta hidn nay, phan ti'ch nguydn nhan cua thuc trang va kid'n nghi cdc

giai phap d6i mdi va hoan thidn hd thdng luat phap, co chd' quan ly Nha nude

doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam trong giai doan mdi.

4. Pham vi nghien cuu cua luan an
Quan ly ngudi nude ngoai la mdt trong nhung nhidm vu quan trong

cua quan ly Nha nude ndi chung, thudc pham vi chdc nang cua nhidu nganh,
nhidu cap, trudc hdt la cdc co quan bao vd phdp luat va cdc nganh chu quan.
Do la mdt pham tru rdng ldn. Trong luan an nay chi gidi han nghidn cuu vd

co chd quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoai thudc pham vi churc nang

cua Nganh Cong an.

5. Co so phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cuu

Dd tai dupe nghidn cuu dua trdn co sd phuong phap luan Mdc-Ldnin,


dac bidt la phdp duy vat bidn chung. Bdn canh dd, luan dn con su dung cdc

phuong phap nghidn curu cu thd sau:

- Phan tfch thuc tidn thuc trang tinh hinh quan ty ngudi nude ngoai d
nude ta, nhung vi pham phdp luat cua ngudi nude ngoai va edng tdc quan 1^,
xu ty cua cdc co quan chufc nang cua ta nhung nam gdn day.

- Phan tfch, tdng hop, thdng kd, so sdnh; phuong phdp tdng kd't kinh

nghidm... dd nhan thirc thuc tidn, td dd rut ra nhung kd't luan edn thidt va dua
ra nhung luan cd lam co sd kid'n nghi ddi mdi, ho^n thidn phdp luat trong linh

vuc quan
nude ta.

ngudi nude ngoai cung nhu co chd' quan ly ngudi nude ngoai d
-

,

*


10

- Trong luan An da kd't hop su dung mdt sd' phuong phdp c6 tinh dac
thu cua khoa hoc phap ly, nhu: phuong phdp xa hdi hoc, phuong phdp phAn
tich thudn tuy quy pham...


6. Nhung dong gop mdi ve mat khoa hoc cua ludn an

La cdng trinh ddu tidn nghidn curu mdt cdch cd hd thd'ng va tuong dd'i
toan didn vd co chd' quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoAi. Do dd cd thd
xem nhung didm dudi day la nhung ddng gdp mdi cua luan An:

- Ve mat ly luan
+ Dua trdn nhung co sd ly luan cua chu nghia MAc-Ldnin vd Nha nude

va phap luat, dac bidt la mang ly luan quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia
luan An dua ra va lam ro thdm mdt sd' kliAi nidm vd ngudi nude ngoai; quan

ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia; co chd' didu chinh phAp luat trong mdt lmh
vuc quan ly cu the la quan ly ngudi nude ngoai.

+ Lam rd dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai; co chd' quan ly ngudi
nude ngoai va vai tro cua phAp luat trong quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi
nude ngoai trong didu kidn cu thd d nude ta hidn nay.

- Ve mat thuc tien

Trdn co so phan tfch tinh hinh thuc tidn, dd'i chid'u vdi nhung luAn
didm khoa hoc, luAn An dua ra nhung dinh hudng, dd xuA't cd tinh kha thi
nhAm xAy dung va hoan thidn:

+ PhAp luat vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai.
+ Nang cao y thuc phAp luat.
+ Ddi mdi bd mAy, cAn bd, co chd' quan ly nhAm thuc hidn cd hidu qua


cdng tAc quan ly ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay.


11

7. Ket cau cua luan an
Ngoai phdanh muc tai lidu tham khao.

Chuang 1

VAI TRO CUA CO CHE Dlfiu CHINH
PHAP LUAT TRONG QUAN L? NHA
NUOC DOI Vdi NGUOl NUOC NGOAI

1.1 DIA VI PHAP LY CUA NGUdl NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET
NAM.
1.1.1 Khai niem ’’ngudi nude ngoai”

Ve khai niem "ngubi nude ngoai" trong khoa hoc phap ly cung nhu
trong thuc tiSn b Vidt Nam cho dd'n nay van con nhi6u
Chfnh vi vay, vide tdng kd't ly luan, nghidn cuu phdp luat thuc dinh, tham
khao kinh nghidm cua cdc nude d£ trdn co sd dd dua ra khdi nidm "ngubi

nude ngoai" cd y nghia

luan va thuc tidn. Tuy vide hinh thanh khdi nidm

nay can phai dua vao cac tidu chi kh£c nhau, nhung tuu trung lai cd thd tha'y:

Qud'c tich la chd' dinh phdp ly qua dd xdc dinh quy£n va nghTa vu cua cdng
dan; va do dd qud'c tich la co sd phap ly dd xAc dinh mdt ngubi nao dd la
cdng dan nude nay hay cdng dan nude khde. Thdng thubng ngubi nude nao

thi mang qud'c tich nude dd. Nhung trdn thuc td', nhi£u ngubi sinh ra b nude
nay lai gia nhap qud'c tich nude kh£c, hoac do nhung nguydn nhan khde nhau
co ngubi mang nhi6u qud'c tich.


12

Thudt ngu "ngudi nude ngoai" dupe su dung rdng rai d cdc nude trdn
thd' gidi. Tuy nhidn, ndi hdm khdi nidm ndy d mdi noi dupe hidu mdt cdch.

Nhung nhin chung khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" trong cdc van ban phdp ludt
va khoa hoc phdp ly cua cdc nude thudng dupe hidu theo hai nghia. "Ngudi
nude ngodi" theo nghia rdng la td't ca nhung ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich cua
nude sd tai, tdc la bao gdm ca ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngodi vd ngudi khdng

cd qud'c tich. Canada, Ailen, Ba Lan, Bungari... la nhung qud'c gia thira nhdn
quan didm ndy. "Ngudi nude ngodi" hidu theo nghia hep la nhung ngudi cd

qud'c tich nude ngodi vd khdng phai la cdng ddn nude sd tai. Nhu vdy, theo

cdch nhin nhan ndy, thi ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich khdng phai Id ngudi nude
ngodi.

Trong Hid'n phap, cdc ludt, Phdp ldnh, Nghi dinh cua Nhd nude ta tu
trudc dd'n nay da sir dung thudt ngu "ngudi nude ngodi", nhung chua giai

thfch thudt ngu ndy mdt cdch thoa ddng. Vi vdy trong thuc tidn da ndy sinh
nhung khd khan nhd't dinh. Ngay ca trong sdeh bdo phdp ly cua nude ta, dd'n

nay vdn chua cd quan didm thd'ng nhd't vd ndi dung khdi nidm "ngudi nude
ngodi". 0 mdi giai doan, cdch hidu khdi nidm ndy cung cd nhidu didm khde
nhau.

Sic ldnh 53 ngdy 20/10/1945 do Hd Chu tich ky, ban hanh quy dinh
nhung ngudi sau d£y la cdng dan Vidt Nam.
- Cha la ngudi Vidt Nam, me la ngudi Vidt Nam.

- Cha la ngudi Vidt Nam, me khdng phai la ngudi Vidt Nam.
- Cha khdng ro la ai, me la ngudi Vidt Nam.

- Cha, me khdng rd Id ai, sinh ra d Vidt Nam.

Can cur Sdc ldnh nay thi nhung ngudi khdng thudc bd'n loai kd trdn ddu
Id ngudi nude ngodi. Theo gido trinh Tu phdp qud'c td' cua Dai hoc Ngoai
giao Hd Ndi (1978 - 1979) thi "ngudi nude ngodi" bao gdm cdng dan


13

nude ngoai, ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich va phdp nhan nude ngoai. Hoac cung

trong cud'n sach nay, cd y kid'n con cho ring khai nidm "ngudi nude ngoai"
edn bao gdm ca nha nude nude ngoai (18). Cdch hidu d khdi nidm ndu trdn
theo chung tdi la qud rdng va khdng chudn x£c, bdi le ngoai thanh td' "nude

ngoai" trong kh£i nidm :"ngudi nude ngoai" edn cd thanh td' "con ngudi" mdt thuc thd xa hdi, hoan toan khde vdi phAp nhan hay Nha nude. Lidn quan

vd va'n dd nay, gido trinh Tu phap qud'c td cua Dai hoc qud'c gia Ha Ndi
(1995) bd sung thuat ngu "hr nhidn nhan" dd giai thi'ch cho khdi nidm "ngudi

nude ngoai". Theo dd, "ngudi nude ngoai" la nhung (tu nhidn nhan cd qud'c

tich nude ngoai hoac tu nhidn nhan khdng cd qud'c tich, chur khdng phai la

edc td churc cua tu nhidn nhan nude ngoai nhu phdp nhan va Nha nudc(19).
Theo chung tdi, quan didm ly giai nay la phh hop va cd co sd khoa hoc.
Ngay 25/4/1977 Hdi ddng Chinh phu ban hanh Quyd't dinh sd': 122/CP

vd chinh sdeh dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, lam vide va lam an sinh sd'ng

tai Vidt Nam. Theo didu 1 cua Quyd't dinh nay, khai nidm "ngudi nude

ngoai" bao gdm nhung ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngoai va nhung ngudi khdng
cd qud'c tich.

Ngay 9/7/1988 Hdi ddng Nha nude nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam cdng bd'
Luat qud'c tich Vidt Nam. Cd thd ndi day la co sd phdp

quan trong nha't dd

xac dinh mdt ngudi nao dd la cdng dan Vidt Nam. Luat qud'c tich Vidt Nam

chi cdng nhan cdng dan Vidt Nam cd mdt qud'c tich Vidt Nam (Didu 3).
Nhung theo Didu 49 Hid'n phap 1992 quy dinh "Cdng dan Vidt Nam la
ngudi cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam. Theo quy dinh nay thi ngay ca nhung ngudi

Vfet Nam dinh cu o nude ngoai da nhap qud'c tich nude ngoai (nude ma ho
dinh cu), va van con qud'c tich Vidt Nam thi vd hinh thuc van la cdng dan
Vidt Nam cho dd'n khi nao ho thdi qud'c tich Vidt Nam mdt edeh hop phdp.

^ay

V^n dd rat phtfc tap, va thuc td' cho tha'y nd'u khdng duqc giai quyd't


I

14

tridt dd trong ph dp luat thuc dinh se gay nhidu khd khan, vudng mac cho thuc
tidn.

Nhu vay, nhung ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam dupe coi la ngudi
nude ngoai.

Trong mdt sd' van ban phdp luat cua Nha nude ta dupe ban hanh nhung

nam g£n day, khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" thudng dupe dung rdng rai theo
nglha rdng. Theo Khoan 1, Didu 1 cua Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu

tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam ngay 21/12/1992 va Khoan 3,

Didu 1 cua Phdp ldnh hdn nhan va gia dinh giua edng dan Vidt Nam vdi
ngudi nude ngoai ngay 15/12/1993, "ngudi nude ngoai" dupe hidu la ngudi

khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam.

Cd thd ndi cho dd'n nay, edeh hidu ngudi nude ngoai theo nghia rdng
nhu trong phap luat nude ta la chudn xac hern ca, bdi vi: Thu nhat, didu dd
dam bao cho su edng bang ddi vdi edng dan nude ngoai va ngudi khdng cd

qud'c tich - hai pham tru khde nhau. Thu hai didu nay cung phu hpp vdi
nguydn tdc blnh dang cua moi ngudi theo luat qud'c td' la "khdng ndn phan

bidt dd'i xu vi ly do dan tdc, chung tdc, tdn gido, gidi tinh, ngdn ngu, chinh
kid'n, trinh dd van hod" (19); ddng thdi nd phu hpp vdi xu hudng nhan dao

cua ddi sd'ng qud'c td'. Nhu vay, xu hudng chung phap luat Vidt Nam thira
nhan quan didm cho rdng "ngudi nude ngoai" khdng chi gdm nhung ngudi cd

qud'c tich nude ngoai ma con ca ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich cu tru trdn lanh

th'o Vidt Nam. Nhung dd xdc dinh mdt ngudi la ngudi nude ngoai, trudc hd't

edn phai khang dinh ho la ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam, didu dd cd

nghia la ho la edng dan (hoac mang hd chid'u) nude ngoai hoac la ngudi ddng

thdi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam va khdng cd qud'c tich cua ba't ky mdt

nude nao ca (ngudi khdng qud'c tich). Tdm lai, edn phai hidu ngudi nude
ngoai la:


15

- Ngudi khdng phai la cdng dan Vidt Nam theo Lu&t qud'c tich Vidt

Nam ma la cdng dan cua mdt nude khac dupe chung minh bang hd chid'u con

gid tri ma ho dang su dung.

- La ngudi khdng phai la cdng dan Vidt Nam theo Luat qud'c tich Vidt
Nam ma cung khdng phai la cdng dan cua mdt nude khac, dupe chung minh

bang vide ho khdng cd ho chid'u hoac cd nhung da hd't han su dung ma khdng

dupe mot nude nao ca'p lai. (T)

1.1.2 Phan loai ngudi nude ngoai

Vide phan loai ngudi nude ngoai cd y nghia thuc tidn to ldn, vi qua dd
ma xdc dinh quy chd' phap ly dd'i vdi tung loai. Tuy nhidn, do khai nidm

ngudi nude ngoai rdng nhu da trinh bay, ndn vide phan loai dd quan ly cung
cd nhi6u kho khan va cho dd'n nay van chua cd quan di£m thd'ng nha't.
Cd nhidu quan didm phan loai ngudi nude ngoai khde nhau, tuy thudc

vao vide lua chon can cu dd phan loai, hoac tuy thudc vao goc dd nghidp vu
chuydn mdn cua mdi nganh. Khoan 2, Didu 1 cua Phap ldnh nhap canh, xua't

canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam nam 1992 chia ngudi,

nude ngoai thanh hai loai: "ngudi nude ngoai thudng tru" - la ngudi nude
ngoai cu tru khdng thdi han tai Vidt Nam va "ngudi nude ngoai tarn tru" la
ngudi nude ngoai cu tru cd thdi han tai Vidt Nam. Cdch phan loai nay chu

yd'u nhdm dap dng cdng tac quan ly nhap canh, xua't canh, qud canh cung

nhu quan ly viee'eu tru, di lai, quan hd va hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai d
Viet Nam, phuc vu nhidm vu bao vd an ninh qud'c gia va trat tu an toan xa
hdi. Giao trinh tu phap qud'c td' cua Dai hoc qud'c gia Ha Ndi (1995) dua vdo

nadt sd' can cu chu yd'u khac de phan loai ngudi nude ngoai. Cu thd la:

- Can cur vao quan hd qud'c tich, ngudi nude ngoai dupe chia thanh
ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngoai va ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich.


16

- Can cur vao noi cu tru, cd ngudi nude ngoai cu tru trdn lanh thd Viet

Nam.
- Can cd vao thdi gian cu tru trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam va muc dd dn

dinh cua md'i quan hd phap ly vdi Nha nude Viet Nam, ngudi nude ngoai
dupe chia thanh loai thudng tru va loai tarn tru.
- Can cur vao noi dung quy chd' phap ly, ngudi nude ngoai dupe chia

thanh loai dupe hudng quy chd' phap ly dac bidt (che do uu dai va midn tru
ngoai giao) va loai khdng dupe hudng quy chd' nay (19).

Su phan loai ngudi nude ngoai nhu trdn la can.cur vao nhung dac didm

khac nhau vd quydn va nghia vu phap ly ma ho cd d nude sd tai trdn co sd
luat qud'c td' va luat phap cua Vidt Nam. CAch phan loai nay la phu hpp vdi
luat qud'c td' va dap ung dupe ydu cdu quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude

ngoai trong giai doan hidn nay. Trong tinh hinh hidn nay, vide phan loai

ngudi nude ngoai nhu vay la phu hpp vdi thuc te.

1.1.3 Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam
Ngudi nude ngoai do cung mdt luc vira phai chiu su chi phd'i cua phap

luat cua Nha nude ma ho la cong dan, vua phai chiu trach nhidm va nghia vu
cung nhu quydn theo phap luat cua nude so tai, ndn ho ddng thdi phai tuan
thu ca hai hd thong phdp luat. Theo quan nidm chung, dia vi phAp

cua

ngudi nude ngoai d mot qud'c gia la tdng thd ta't ca cAc quydn va nghia vu ma

ngudi nude ngoai cd dupe ta,i nude sd tai; nd dupe xAc dinh trudc hd't bang

phap luat Cua nude sd tai va cAc nguydn tAc cua phAp luat qud'c td' ma qud'c

gia dd cam kd't thuc hidn. Tir dd cd thd noi dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi nude
ngoai d Vidt Nam la tdng thd cAc quy pham phAp luat cua Nha nude Vidt
lpi va nghia vu cua ngudi nude ngoai. Vi vay, phAp

lu?TW$ rnwsii&ft ta

ia co sd duy nhA't dd xAc dinh dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi


17

N^m vung cac quy dinh ve dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai la mdt

veu cdu co y nghia quan trong khdng chi d muc dd nhan thufe ma con d vide
van dung phap luat d ta't ca cac khau co ban trong cdng tdc quan ly ngudi
nude ngoai, nhu: quan ly nhap canh, xua't canh; quan ly cu tru, di lai va hoat
dong cua ho. Qua dd ma tid'n hanh cac bidn phdp phong ngua, phat hidn, da'u

tranh, xu ly ngudi nude ngoai cd nhung hanh vi vi pham phuong hai den an

ninh qudc gia, trat tu an toan cdng cdng cua nude ta; gop phdn bao vd chu
quydn, thdng nhat va toan ven lanh thd cua Td qudc, phuc vu chfnh sach ddi

ngoai cua Dang va Nha nude, ddng thdi tao didu kidn de ngudi nude ngoai

gop phan cung cd, phat tridn cac quan hd hop tdc huu nghi vdi Vidt Nam,
giup chung ta phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi, van hoa, giao due, khoa hoc ky

thuat, cdng nghd...
Hidn nay, theo thdng kd cua cac co quan chuc nang cd khoang 14
ngan ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, hoat dong, lam an, sinh song d nude ta (gdm

gdn 900 can bd, nhan vidn cua 48 Dai su quan va Tong Lanh su quan; trdn

200 ngudi cua cac to chuc qudc te va cac to chuc NGO; trdn 3000 ngudi lam
vide trong horn 2000 Van phong dai dien (VPDD) kinh td cua 55 nude; 687

giao vidn, luu hoc sinh; gdn 5000 ngudi lam vide trong cdc lidn doanh, du an
d£u tu...). Ngoai ra, hang nam trung binh cd tdi trdn mdt tridu luqt ngudi

nude ngoai nhap, xua't canh la khach lam thdi va mdt sd ngudi ty nan, chu

ydu la ngudi Campuchia. Nhung ngudi nude ngoai trdn cd dia vi phap ly rat

khac nhau.

Thdng thudng, luat phap cua mdt sd nude trdn thd'gidi quy dinh chd' dd
phap ly vd ngudi nude ngoai bao gdm: chd' dd dai ngd qud'c dan; chd' dd dai

ngd dac bidt va che do tdi hud qud'c.
Quy che phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam dupe quy dinh

trong cac van ban phap luat cua Vidt Nam va Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam
d5 kJ kfe't hoac tham gia. Di6u 81 Hien phap nude CHXHCN Viet Nam nam


18

1992 quy dinh: "Ngudi nude ngoai cu tru tai Vidt Nam phai tudn theo Hid'n

phap va Phap luat Vidt Nam, dupe Nina nude Vidt Nam bao hd tinh mang, tai

san va cdc quydn lqi chinh dang theo phdp luat Vidt Nam (20).

Cho dd'n nay o nude ta chua cd mdt dao luat ridng quy dinh v6 dia vi
phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam ma chi mdi cd cdc quy dinh ridng
vd nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam va

mdt sd' quy dinh ve llnh vuc kinh doanh cua ngudi ddu tu nude ngoai tai Vidt
Nam; cdc va'n dd hdn nhan gia dinh, quan hd dan su cd yd'u td' nude ngoai

(Phdn VU Bd luat dan su), cac quy dinh cua Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam

ky kd't hoac tham gia. Vide quy dinh chd' dd phap

cho ngudi nude ngoai

ndi chung nhdm thuc hidn cam kd't trong cdc Didu udc qud'c td' va thuc hidn

chinh sach cua Nha nude ta dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai van chu yd'u can cut vao
nhung quy dinh vd quydn va nghia vu dd'i vdi cac cdng dan Vidt Nam. Vd
nguydn tdc, quy chd' phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam dupe xdc dinh

tren co’ sd chd' do dai ngo qud'c dan. Theo dd, trong nhung quan hd xa hdi
nhd't dinh, ngudi nude ngoai dupe hudng cdc quydn va phai cd cdc nghia vu

nhu cdng dan Vidt Nam. Ngoai ra, con dp dung chd' dd dai ngd ddc bidt trong
mot sd' llnh vuc nhu cdc quydn uu dai va midn trCr ngoai giao, quydn uu dai

midn trir lanh su.... va chd' dd td'i hud qud'c (trong llnh vuc thuong mai, kinh
doanh, hang hai qud'c td*).

Can cd vao cdc co so xdy dung quy chd' phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai
neu trdn, tdc gia Le Anh Tud'n (47) phan chia dia vi phdp ty cua ngudi nude

ngoai d Vidt Nam ra lam 3 loai:
- Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai khdng thudng tru (bao gdm

nhung ngudi nude ngoai trong cdc co quan dai didn nude ngoai, cdc t6 chute
9u6c td', cdc chuydn gia, luu hoc sinh... ). Dia vi phdp ly cua ho gdn li6n vdi

dia vi phdp ly cua cdc co quan dai didn nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam, nhu cdc co
9uan dai didn ngoai giao, lanh su, kinh td', vdn hod...

19

- Dia vi phap ly cua nhung ngudi nude ngoai thudng tru tai Vidt Nam
(Neoai kidu). Vd co ban ho dupe huong cac quydn va nghla vu nhu cdng dan
Vidt Nam, nhung c6 thu hep, nhu khdng dupe bdu cu, ung cu, khdng lam

nshla vu quan su, bi ca'm lam mdt sd' nghd hoac cdng vide nha't dinh.
- Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi ty nan, ngudi khdng qud'c tich Vidt Nam

dupe vidn dan theo Cdng udc qud'c td' (nhu Cdng udc Niu-Ooc ngay
28/9/1954 vd quy chd' ngudi khdng qud'c tich va Cdng udc Gio-ne-vo nam

1954 vd quy chd' ty nan). 0 nude ta, hp khdng dupe huong cdc quydn uu dai,

midn trit ngoai giao va cung khdng phai la nhung kidu dan thudng, ma chi

dupe hudng mdt sd' quydn vd xua't, nhap canh, quydn ve dan su.
Cdch phan loai nhu trdn tuy cd thd giup cho vide xdc dinh dia vi phap

ly cua timg loai ngudi nude ngoai, tao thuan lpi trong vide xu iy, giai quyd't

nhung vi pham cua cAc td chufc, cd nhan nude ngoai, nhung trong edeh phan

loai nhu vay se khdng trdnh khdi tinh trang trung giam mdi khi dd cap tdi cdc
chd' dd phap ly cu thd.

al Che do ve nhap canh, xuat canh, qua canh Viet Nam cua ngudi

nude ngoai

Theo Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude
ngoai tai Vidt Nam nam 1992 (34), ba't ky ngudi nude ngoai nao cung ddu

dupe nhap canh, xua't canh Vidt Nam nd'u hp cd ho chid'u hoac gia'y td cd gid
tri thay hd chid'u va dupe co quan Nha nude cd tham quydn cua Vidt Nam

(thudng la co quan dai didn ngoai giao hoac co quan lanh su cua Vidt Nam d
nude ngoai) ca'p thi thuc (Didu 3), tru" trudng hop hd chid'u midn thi thuc cua
nude cd ky kd't Hidp dinh midn thi thuc vdi Chinh phu Vidt Nam (Didu 1-ND
04/CP nam 1993 quy dinh chi tid't thi hanh Phap ldnh). Ngudi nude ngoai

dudi 14 tu6i da dupe khai bao trong don xin ca'p thi thuc cua ngudi dan di thi


20

khdng phai lam thu tuc xin ca'p thi thuc (Didu 3). Ngudi nude ngoai qua canh

Vidt Nam duqc midn thi thuc nd'u thdi gian luu lai trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam

khdng qua 72 gid va khdng ra khdi khu vuc danh cho ngudi qud canh (Didu

8).
Theo Didu 4 cua Phdp ldnh noi trdn thi thi thuc cua Vidt Nam gdm:
Thi thuc nhap canh, thi thuc xua't canh, thi thuc xua't - nhap canh, thi thuc

nhap - xua't canh va thi thuc qua canh. Thi thuc cd gia tri mdt ldn, trCr nhung
trudng hop Chinh phu cd quy dinh ridng. Thi thuc cd thd khdng duqc ca'p

hoac huy bo dd'i vdi c£c trudng hop quy dinh tai Didu 6, Didu 7 cua Phap
ldnh. Ndi dung cac didu n^y la su cu thd hoa nghia vu cua ngudi nude ngoai
xin nhap canh, cu tru tai Vidt Nam. Theo dd, ho phai khai bdo rd rang muc

dfch, ly do nhap canh va phai tuydt dd'i tuan thu phdp luat cua Vidt Nam.
Trdn thuc td', trong bd'i canh Nha nude ta thi hanh chinh sdeh md rdng quan

hd qud'c td', lam an vdi nude ngoai trdn nhidu linh vuc, mdi tudn cd hang van
ngudi nude ngoai vao Vidt Nam, trong so dd da phat hidn, xu ly hang chuc
trudng hop vi pham nhu su dung hd chid'u, gia'y td gia, nhap canh trdi phep dd
di nude thuf 3... Tinh trang nay da ton tai nhidu nam, co quan churc nang da

cd nhidu bidn phdp da'u tranh ngan ngura, nhung do nhung ydu td' khach quan
kh£c nhau, dd'n nay chung ta van con nhidu so hd ndn sd' dd'i tuqng vi pham

chua bi ph£t hidn con nhidu.

b/ Che dd phap ly ve etc tru

Ngudi nude ngoai duqc quydn cu tru trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam sau khi
da dang ky cu tru tai co quan c6 thdm quydn cua Vidt Nam. Didu 10 Phdp
ldnh xua't nhap canh quy dinh trong thdi han 48h kd tir khi nhap canh, ngudi
nude ngoai phai dang ky cu tru tai co quan Nha nude cd tham quydn cua Vidt

Nam. Didu 8 Nghi dinh 04/CP (29) nam 1993 quy dinh cu thd cdc trudng hop
dang ky tai B6 Ngoai giao va cdc trudng hop dang ky cu tru tai co quan quan


21

]y xu£t, nh^p canh Bd Noi vu. Didu 11 Phap ldnh xua't nhap canh ghi ro: sau

khi dang ky thuong tru hoac. tam tru, ngudi nude ngoai dupe ca'p gia'y chung
nhan thuong tru hoac tam tru. Gia'y chung nhan thuong tru bi thu hdi khi

ngudi do dinh cu d nude khac hoac bi true xua't. Gia'y chtrng nhan tam tru cd
gid tri khdng qua 01 nam kd tu ngay ca'p cd thd gia han mdi ldn khdng qua
12 thang; cd thd bi huy bd khi ngudi tam tru khdng con ly do tam tru hoac bi

true xua't (Dieu 14). Didu 10 Phap ldnh xua't nhap canh quy dinh ngudi nude
ngoai khdng dupe dang ky cu tru tai khu vuc edm ngudi nude ngoai cu tru.

Trit nhung khu vuc edm, ngudi ntroc ngoai thudng tru di lai khdng phai xin

phdp; ngudi nude ngoai tam tru di lai trong pham vi tinh, thanh phd' true
thudc trung uong noi dang ky khdng phai xin phep, nd'u di dd'n dia phuong

khde thi phai xin phep. Ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam khdng dupe cu tru, di
lai o nhung khu vuc vanh dai bidn gidi, khu cdng nghidp qud'c phong, khu
qudn su; cac khu vuc cd ydu cdu bao vd dac bidt vd an ninh - qud'c phong;
cac noi ma Bo Ndi vu quyd't dinh tam thdi khdng cho ngudi nude ngoai cu

tru, di lai vi ly do bao ve an ninh chinh tri, trdt tu an toan xa hoi... (Didu 12
Nghi dinh 04/CP nam 1993). Dieu 13 Nghi dinh nay con neu ro trach nhidm

cua ngudi nude ngoai tam tru di lai, hoat dong trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam. Cdng

quyd't, trong dd cd cac vi pham cua ngudi nude ngoai nhu di sai tuyd'n du
lich, vao hoat dong ngoai muc dich xin phep (nhu xin vao du lich^nhung lai

hoat ddng tdn giao, lidn he lam an kinh te... ). Cac co quan churc nang cua

Vidt Nam da phai xu ly ph at tidn hoac canh cao dd'i vdi nhidu trudng hop cd
sai pham trdn.

Mat khac, cung edn phai nhdn manh rdng, hidn nay quan ly Nha nude

ve dich vu du lich con nhidu thid'u sot, bdt c£p, do v£y da xay ra tinh trang cd

luc khdng kidm soat dupe hoat ddng nay.


22

c! Che do phap ly ddi vdi vice hanh lighe
V£ nguydn tdc, noi chung ngudi nude ngoai b Vidt Nam duqc tu do lua

chon nghd nghidp theo phdp luat Vidt Nam. Song cung nhu nhidu nude khde,
phap luat Vidt Nam cung co nhung quy dinh han chd khdng cho phdp ho lam

mdt sd' nghd nha't dinh (nhu: ngu nghidp, lam nghidp, sua chua cdc loai mdy

thdng tin, nghd ldi xe va cdc phuong tidn van chuydn hang hod, nghd in, khde
chG, due da'u... ). Theo Luat bao chi Vidt Nam nam 1989 (22), ngudi nude
ngoai khdng duqc dung ddu co quan bao chi (t6ng bidn tap, tbng giam dd'c,

gidm dd'c) va khdng duqc lam nha bao (Di£u 13, 14). Nghi dinh 45-HDBT
con quy dinh ngudi nude ngoai khdng duqc lam edng chung vidn... Ngoai

nhung ngh6 khdng duqc phdp lam, ngudi nude ngoai mud'n 1dm nghd khde

hodc xin vao lam vide trong cdc co quan, xf nghidp phai duqc co quan edng
an noi ho cu tru cho phdp va co quan quan ly lao ddng hoac co quan quan ly
cdc nganh nghd dd cha'p nhan. Trong qud trinh lam vide ho phai cha'p hanh
nhung nghia vu lao dong va duqc hudng phuc lqi xa hdi nhu edng dan Vidt

Nam. Dd'i vdi chuydn gia nude ngoai lam vide tai Vidt Nam, hoat ddng cua
ho duqc didu chinh bang cdc Hidp dinh giua Vidt Nam vd nude cd cdc

chuydn gia dd. Hidn nay, theo Luat ddu tu nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam, cdc td
churc, cd nhan nude ngoai ddu tu vao Vidt Nam ngay cang nhidu, hoat ddng

nghd nghidp cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam phdt tridn phong phu, gdp

phdn thuc ddy ndn kinh td' Vidt Nam phdt tridn. Tuy nhidn cung da xua't hidn
nhung mat tidu cue do nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat Vidt Nam cua mdt
sd' ngudi nude ngoai, nhu mdi gidi, luta dao, kinh doanh trd'n thud'... Trong khi

dd, phdp ludt cua ta dang trong giai doan ttmg budc hoan chinh, ndn cd
nhung quan hd lao ddng, tai chinh mdi phdt sinh lai chua cd nhung quy pham

phdp luat di£u chinh kip thdi. Day cung la nhung vd'n d6 edn sdm duqc
nghidn curu b8 sung, hoan thidn.


23

d! Quyen so' huu vd thica ke cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam
Cung nhu cdng dan Vidt Nam, ngudi nude ngoai cu tru o Vi£t Nam

duoc hudng quydn so huu ca nhan vd thu nhap hop phdp, vd tu lidu sinh hoat
va tu lidu san xua't nhd theo phdp luat Vidt Nam (Didu 7/QD 122-CP). Didu

833 Bo Luat dan su (1995) (12) nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam quy dinh nhung
nguydn tac phdp ly cua vide xac lap, cha'm dut quydn sd huu, ndi dung quydn
sd huu dd'i vdi tai san cua ngudi nude ngoai hoac phdp nhan nude ngoai.
Ngudi nude ngoai khdng cd quydn sd huu vd rudng da't (da't dd d, canh tac,

vudn, ao, hd... ). Ngudi nude ngoai cd quydn sd huu nha d trong thdi gian

tid'n hanh ddu tu hoac trong thdi gian dinh cu, thudng tru dai han tai Vidt
Nam nd'u didu udc qud'c te ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac tham gia khdng cd quy

dinh khac. Lidn quan chat che dd'n quydn sd huu la quydn thira kd'. Nha nude
CHXHCN Vidt Nam bao hd quydn thira kd cua ngudi nude ngoai dd'i vdi tai

san cd trdn lanh tho Vidt Nam theo phap luat vd ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet
Nam, didu udc qud'c te ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac cdng nhan.

e/ Quy che phdp ly ve viec hoc tap cua ngudi nude ngoai cu tru tai

Viet Nani
Didu 12 Luat phd cap gido due tidu hoc (24) quy dinh ”tre em la ngudi

nude ngoai d Vidt Nam cd nguydn vong theo hoc tidu hoc o nha trudng Vidt

Nam duqc Nha nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam giup do". 0 Vidt Nam, ngudi nude

ngoai va con em ho duqc theo hoc tai cac trudng tu mdu gido dd'n dai hdc, tru
m9t sd' trudng dai hoc hay trudng chuydn nghiep cd lidn quan dd'n an ninh -

qud'c phong. Quy che tuydn sinh dd'i vdi ho dp dung nhu quy chd' dd'i vdi
cbng dan Vidt Nam.

Quydn tac gia va quydn phdt minh, sdng chd' cua ngudi nude ngoai
°nng duqc phap luat Vidt Nam quy dinh vd bao hd. 0 Vidt Nam, ngudi nude


24

naoai dupe hudng quydn tac gia, quydn phat minh sang chd' (Nghi dinh 146
nam 1986). Didu 836 Bd luat dan sir quy dinh "quydn tdc gia cua ngudi nude
ngoai, phap nhan nude ngoai dd'i vdi tac pham ldn ddu tidn dupe cdng bd',

ph6 bid'n tai Vidt Nam hoac dupe sang tao va th6 hidn dudi hlnh thirc nha't
dinh tai Vidt Nam, thi dupe bao ho theo quy dinh cua phdp luat CHXHCN
Vidt Nam va Didu udc qud'c td' ma CHXHCN Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac tham

gia. Di6u 837 Bd luat dan su quy dinh vd bao hd quydn so huu cdng nghidp

cua t6 chufc, cd nhan nude ngoai theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Vidt Nam va
cdc Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hodc tham gia. Didu 838 Bd luat

nay dd cdp dd'n vide chuydn giao cdng nghd t£r nude ngoai vao Vidt Nam,
trong d6 neu rd Bd luat dan su va cdc van ban phdp luat khde cua CHXHCN
Vidt Nam bao hd cdc lpi l'ch hpp phdp cua cdc td chute, cd nhan nude ngoai

chuydn giao cdng nghd vao Vidt Nam.

g/ Quy che phdp ly ve bao ve site khoe

Theo Didu 32 Luat bao vd sure khoe nhan dan (nam 1989) (23) "Ngudi

nude ngoai dang d trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam dupe khdm benh, chua bdnh tai

cdc co so y td' va phai cha'p hanh nhung quy dinh phdp luat vd bao vd sure

khoe cho nhan dan. Ngudi nude ngoai cd thd vao Vidt Nam dd khdm bdnh,
chua bdnh...
Ngudi nude ngoai lao ddng tai Vidt Nam dupe nhan tidn trp cdp trong

thdi gian tam thdi mat sure lao ddng, dupe trp ca'p khi d'm dau, sinh de, khi
gap tai nan lao ddng, dupe hudng chd' dd huu tri, dupe trp ca'p khi chd't nhu
dd'i vdi cdng dan, vidn churc Vidt Nam dupe quy dinh trong phdp luat hidn

hanh cua nude ta.

h/ Quy dinh ve tham gia t6 tung dan sir