u() GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO

HOC V1EN CIHNH TRI QUrtC GIA Il6 CHf MINH

DO XU AN DONG

DOI m6i to chug bo may hanh chinh do thi
TRONG CAI CACII NEN I1ANH CHINH QUOC GIA
0 NUOC TA IIIEN NAY

Chuyen nganh: Ly luan Nha nird'c va pluip quyen
Ma so:
5.05.01

Luan an pho tien si khoa hoc luat hoc

Ngtfd'i hu&ng dan khoa hoc: 1. GS. PTS. Hoang Van Hao
2. PGS. PTS. Nguyen Bang Dung

HaNoi - 1996


Ldl CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trlnh nghien
cuu cua rieng toi. Cac so li€u, ket qua neu

trong luAn an la trung thirc va clura tirng
dirqc ai cdng bo trong bat ky cong trinh
nao khac.

Tran Dai Quang


NIlCNG QUY DINH VIET TAT trong luan

XHCN

Xa hoi chu nghla

CNXH

Chu nghla xa hoi

TBCN

Tu ban chu nghia

CNTB

Chu nghia tu ban

DQTB

qudc tu ban

ANQG

An ninh qudc gia

ANCT


An ninh chfnh tri

ANKT

An ninh kinh t£

ANTQ

An ninh To qudc

ANND

An ninh nhan dan

An

Cdng an nhan dan

CAND
*

CSND

Canh sat nhan dan

TTATXH

Trat tu an to&n xa hoi


VPDD

Van phdng dai di&n

XNC

Xuat nhap canh

NGO

To churc phi chfnh phu

UBND

•

Uy ban nhan dan


MUC LUC

MUDAU

tr.l

CHU0NG 1. Quan ly nha nude va vai tro cua quan ly
nha nude ve an ninh quoc gia.

tr.6


1.1. Quan ly nha nude va cdc dac trung ccf ban

cua quan ly nha nude vd an ninh qudc gia

1.2. Vai tro cua quan

tr.6

nh& nude v6 an ninh

qudc gia

tr.51

CHU0NG 2 . Thue trang quan ly nha nude ve an ninh

tr.62

quoc gia

2.1. Quan ly nha nude vd an ninh qudc gia.
Nhung kdt qua da dat dupe.
2.2. Quan

tr.65

nh& nude vd an ninh quoc gia.

Nhung thidu sot, tdn tai va nguydn nhAn.


tr.91

CHU0NG 3. Phuong hudng va giai phap Ung cudng

quan ly nha nude ve an ninh quoc gia

tr.l 18

3.1. Tfnh tA't ydu kh^ch quan cua quan ly
nha nude vd an ninh qudc gia

tr.l 18

3.2. Phuong hudng va cac giai phap co ban

tang cudng quan ly nha nude vd an ninh
qudc gia o nude ta hidn nay.

tr.l25

K^tluan

tr.163

DANH MUC TAI LlfiU TH AM KH AO

tr.l 68


Md DAU


1 - Tinh cap thiet cua de tdi
B&o ve an ninh quoc gia (ANQG) la nhiem vu cue ky quan

trong va la mpt trong nhtfng chtfc ndng co* ban cua Nha nude.
Cdch mang nude ta da chuy^n sang giai doan mdi, ca nude

dang thuc hien cong cupc doi mdi sau sdc va toan dien nhung quan
ly nha nude ve ANQG chua du^c nghien ctfu bo sung hoan ch’inh,

kip thdi. Mot so co1 quan Nha nude d Trung uong va dia phuong
chua ddt cong tdc b&o ve ANQG dung vdi tarn quan trpng cua nd

trong viec thuc hien hai nhiem vu chien lucyc xay dung thanh cong

CNXH va bao ve vtfng chdc To quoc Viet Nam XHCN. Boi canh

quoc te va trong nude cd nhieu thuan lpi va thcri co* mdi son£

cOng khong ft nguy co* thdeh thtfe. D£ gid vtfng dinh hudng phdt
triin dat nude theo con dudng XHCN, bao ve doc lap dan tpc, chu

quyen quoc gia, mot trong nhtfng yeu cau cap thiet hien nay la phai
tang cudng quan ly nha nude ve ANQG, gdp phan dau tranh lain
that bai am muu, hoat dong "dien bien hda binh" xam pham ANQG
K

cua cdc the luc thu dich.
Bao ve an ninh quoc gia la mpt bp phan cua cupc dau tranh
giai cap, quyet dinh su tdn vong cua mot che do. Nd la linh vuc


chfnh tri, xa hoi rong ldn, gdn bd, dan xen vdi cdc linh vuc khde

va lien quan den lpi fch, uy tin, vai trd cua Nha nude trong quan

he quoc te. De thuc hien nhiem vu nay phai phdt huy stfc manh
tong hap cua moi ngdnh, moi luc luung, cua ca he thong chfnh tri.

Tuy nhien, hien nay qudn ly nha nude ve linh vuc nay chua cd ke
hoach tong the mang tfnh chiBn Iuq’c. Dudng loi chinh sdeh cua
Dang ve cong tdc bao ve an ninh quoc gia chua duac th£ che hda

kip thdi bang phdp luat. He thong phdp luat hien hanh ve quan ly


= 02 =
nhd nude trong linh virc ANQG cdn thieu. Sir phoi ket hcrp gitfa

cdc ngdnh, cdc cap trong quan ly nhd nude ve ANQG chira chat

che vd dong bo; cdc co* quan tham miru giup Nhd nuoc vd Chinh
phu to chifc vd chi dao cong tdc qudn ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG chira
diro'C xay dung du manh de ddp ifng yeu cau quan ly nhd niroc ve

ANQG trong tinh hinh mdi.
Chinh trong dieu kien ndi tren, viec nghien cifu de tdi "Tdng

cudng quan ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG d nude ta hien nay" Id ddi hoi
cap bdch, cd y nghia ly luan vd thirc tien thiet thirc trong viec nang


cao hieu lire quan ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG d nude ta hien nay.
2 - Tinh hinh nghien cifu de tdi

O' nhieu quoc gia, khoa hoc quan ly ndi chung vd quan ly
nhd nude ndi rieng, ddc biet Id qudn ly nhd nude v£ ANQG duoc

nhieu cong trinh nghien cifu ca ve phuo’ng dien ly luan lan thirc
tien. Song d nude ta khoa hpc quan ly nhd nude nhat Id quan ly

nhd nude ve ANQG nhtfng ndm gan day mdi duo’c quan tain

nghien cifu. Den nay mdi cd mot so de tdi khoa hoc, mot sd gido
trinh de cap den linh vuc ndy, nhu de tdi "Co* che ldnh dao, quan

ly nhd nude, chi dao, chi huy cua Bo Tong tu lenh trong chien
lucre quoc phdng - an ninh" (Md so KX-X09 - 14); "Mot so van dd
ly luan vd phuo’ng phdp luan cua quan ly nhd nude ve an ninh" cua
Trudng Dai hoc ANND; mot so bdi viet cua cdc nhd khoa hoc, edn

bo quan ly ddng tren cdc tap chi Qudn ly Nhd nude, Cong an Nhan
dan, Nhd nude vd Phdp luat,... Tuy nhien, cdc edng trinh d<5 mdi de

cap den cdc khia canh rieng le cua ANQG, chua cd mot de tdi ndo
nghien cifu mot edeh co1 ban, cd he thong ve van de ndy, nhat Id d

g(5c do ly luan Nhd nude vd Phdp quyen.


= 03 =
Trude yeu cau cua sir nghiep doi mdi, nhdm thuc hien muc


tieu cong nghiep h<5a, hien dai hda dat nude, xay dung Nhd nude
phdp quyen XHCN, cd th$ ndi day Id de tdi dau tien nghien cifu

quan ly nhd nude ve ANQG mot edeh todn dien vd cd he thong.
3 - Muc dich vd nhiem vu cua luan dn

Tren co" so* ly luan Nhd nude vd Phdp quyen, Luan dn nghien
cifu 1dm rd, gdp phan xay dung ly luan cua qudn ly nhd nude ve

ANQG; cung cap nhtfng luan cif khoa hpc de ra cdc gidi phdp nang
cao hieu luc qudn ly nhd nude ve ANQG d nude ta hien nay.
De dat ducyc muc dich tren day, Luan dn cd nhiem vu:

- Ldm rd khdi niem ANQG, bao ve ANQG vd qudn ly nhd
nude ve ANQG; nhtfng ddc trung co1 ban vd vai trd quan ly nhd
nude ve ANQG trong dieu kien hien nay vd trong moi quan he vdi

viec cai edeh nen hdnh chfnh quoc gia.
-

Ddnh gid dung thuc tr^ng quan ly nhd nude ve ANQG,

nhtfng ket qua dat dupe, ton tai vd nguyen nhan.

- Ldm rd tinh tat yeu khdeh quan cua viec tdng cudng quhn

ly nhd nude ve ANQG, du bdo cdc xu hudng phdt trien cua quan

ly nhd nude ve ANQG; kien nghi phuo’ng hudng vd gidi phdp c6


tinh kha thi gdp phan nang cao hieu luc quan ly nhd nude vd
ANQG.

4 - Pham vi nghien cifu cua de tdi
Quan ly nhd nude ve ANQG cd noi dung phong phu, lien

quan den chifc ndng, nhiem vu cua ca bo mdy nhd nude ndi chung
vd bo mdy hdnh phdp ndi rieng, ca bo mdy nhd nude d Trung
u’O’ng lan dia phuong. De tdi chi nghien cuu quan ly nhd nude tren

linh vuc ANQG hieu theo nghTa hep cua thuat ngtf qudn ly nhd


= 04 =

nude, tifc Id chi nghien cifu qudn ly nhd nude cua he thong co’
quan hbnh phdp. ddc diet nhan manh den vai trd trdch nhiem cua
Bo Noi vu Id co* quan thuoc Chfnh phuch trdch nhiem thong nhat

qudn ly nhd nude ve ANQG trong pham vi cd nude.

5 - Co- sd ly luan vd phucrng phdp nghien cifu cua de tdi
- De tdi duo'C nghien cifu dua tren co* sd nen tdng cua

phuo-ng phdp luan Mdc-Lenin, ddc biet Id phdp duy vgt bien chung.

- Ket heyp su dung mpt so phuo-ng phdp cd tfnh ddc thu cua

khoa hoc phdp ly (xd hoi hpc phdp luat, tarn ly hpc phdp 10at...) vd


su dung tong ho’p cdc phuo-ng phdp phan tfch, thong ke, so sdnh;
phuo*ng phdp tong ket kinh nghiem thuc tien phong phii cua dat
nude tren linh vuc bao ve ANQG.
6 - Nhtfng ddng gdp mdi ve khoa hpc cua luan dn.

- Tren ccr sd van dung nhtfng quan diSm cua chu nghia Mdc-

Le nin ve Nhd nudb Phdp quyen kieu mdi vd quan diem cua Dang
Cpng san Viet Nam ve xay dung Nhd nude Phdp quyen Viet Nam

XHCN cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan; Luan dn dd dua ra

nhtfng luan diem khoa hpc gdp phan bo sung ly luan ve khoa hpc
quan ly nhd nude ndi chung vd qudn ly nhd nude ve ANQG ndi

rieng. Nhtfng luan diem ndy cd y nghia chi dao hoat dpng thuc tien

quan ly nhd nude ve ANQG.
- Tu viec tiep can vd phan tfch nhtfng van d£ ly luan chung
X

ve quan ly nhd nude, luan dn dd 1dm rO npi hdm cua khdi niem
ANQG bao gom: an ninh chfnh tri, an ninh kinh t£, an ninh vdn

hda- tu tudng vd an ninh xd hpi, trong dd an ninh chinh tri Id cot
ldi xuyen suot, an ninh kinh te Id nen tdng. Vdi quan niem dd ve
ANQG, lan ddu tien luan dn dd 1dm rd khdi niem "Bdo ve ANQG"

vd Qudn ly nhd nude ve ANQG" trong dieu kien doi mdi. Luan



= 05 =

dn chi ra nhtfng ddc trirng co* ban cua to chifc vd hoat dong quan

Iv nhaimo'c ve ANQG, /dm rd ve k/idc/i the, chu the . nei dung,

phuo’ng thifc quan ly nhd nird’c ve ANQG.
- Luan dn phan tich ldm rd vai trb tarn quan trong cua quan
ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG trong giai doan cdch mang hien nay.

Nhtfng ket luan ndy cd y nghia chi dao boat dong thirc tien trong
phdng chong am miru vd hoat dQng phd hoai cua cdc the lire thii

dich, g(5p phan xay dirng vd bdo ve To quoc Viet Nam XHCN

trong dieu kien mdi.
- Tren co* sd phan tich nhtfng ket qud dat dircrc vd nhtfng

thieu sdt, ton tai trong qudn ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG trong cdc linh
virc: an ninh chfnh tri, lan dau tien luan dn dira ra nhtfng dir bdo

ve xu hirdng phdt trien cua qudn ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG, dong thdi
neu rO phu’O’ng hirdng vd cdc giai phdp co- bdn nhdm tdng cirdng

qudn ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG trong tinh hinh mdi.

Vi vay, cd the xem day Id cong trinh chuyen khao dau tien de


cap tiro’ng doi todn dien van de qudn ly nhd nirdc ve ANQG cd
tren binh dien ly luan cQng nhir thirc tien, gdn ket ly luan Nhd

nirdc vd Phdp quyen vdi van de bdo ve ANQG.
7 - Bo cue cua luan dn

Ngodi phan md dau, ket luan vd danh muc tdi lieu tham
khao; Luan dn gom 3 chiromg vdi 173 trang.

r


= 06 =

Chuong 1

QUAn LY NHA NUtfC vA VAI TRO CUA
QUAn LY NHA NUOC VE AN NINH QUOC GIA
1.1-QUAn LY NHA NUOC vA CAC DAC TRUNG
co bAn cua quAn ly nhA NUOC ve
■

1 *

I

■

AN NINH QUOC GIA
»


1.1.1 - Ly luan chung ve qukn ly nhd nude
a - Khdi niem vh cdc dac trurng cua qukn ly nhh nude

Khi dS cap tdi quan ly nhd nutfc trudc het phai xuat phdt

ttr khoa hoc quan ly, nhat Id khoa hoc quan ly xd hoi. Quan ly nhd
nude Id mot dang cua quan ly xd hoi. Thuat ngtf "quan ly" cd
nhieu nghia khde nhau. Qudn ly Id doi tuong nghien cifu cua nhieu
ngdnh khoa hoc tu nhien vd xd hoi; moi ngdnh khoa hoc cd quan

niem ve quan ly dudi gidc do rieng. Nhung theo quan niem chung
nhat hien nay ve qudn IV dudi gidc do dieu khien hoc, dd Id su tdc

dong cd dinh hudng bat ky len mot he thong ndo dd nhdm trat tu

hda nd vd hudng nd phdt trien phu hop vdi nhtfng quy luat nhat
dinh. Theo quan niem chung dd, thi qudn ly xd hoi chinh Id su tdc

dong cd hudng (dieu khien, chi huy, hudng dan...) len cdc qud
X

trinh xd hoi vd hdnh vi hoat dong cua con ngudi ldm cho chung

van dong phdt trien phii hop vdi qui luat, dat tdi muc dich vd theo

y chi cua "ngudi" quan ly.
Quan ly Id mot yeu to quan trong khong the thieu duoc trong

ddi song xd hoi. Quan ly xd hoi Id mot qud trinh phifc tap da dang,

X

✓

vi doi tuong tdc dong - khdeh the cua n6 Id hdnh vi con ngudi c<5


= 07 =

y chf vd tir duy dpc lap, Id hoat dpng cua co’ quan, to chifc cua con

ngirdi. C. Mdc cho rdng qudn ly trong xd hpi Id mot chifc nang dSc
biet nay sinh, trirdc het tir chfnh ban chat cua qud trinh lao dong

xd hoi. [1] Ong viet: " Bat ky lao dong xd hoi trirc tiep hay lao

dong chung ndo dd md dirp’c tien hdnh tren mot quy mo tiro-ng doi
lo'n deu can cd sir quan ly d’ mire do nhiSu hay ft nhdm phoi hop
nhtfng hoat dong cd nhan vd thirc hien nhtfng chifc ndng chung

phdt sinh tir sir van dong cua todn bp co1 the san xuat, sir van dong
ndy khdc vdi sir van dpng cua nhtfng co’ quan dpc lap cua CO’ the

dd. Mot nhac cong tir dieu khien minh, nhirng mot ddn nhac can
phai cd nhac trirdng" [2]. Sau ndy ong cdn ndi: "Lao dong gidm sdt

vd quan ly can thiet d tat cd nhtfng no*i md hoat dong san xuat trirc
ti6p cd hinh thirc cua mpt qud trinh phoi hQ’p mang tfnh xd hoi,

chif khong phai Id lao dpng rieng r£ cua nhtfng ngirdi sdn xuat doc

lap" [3]. Nhtfng luan diem tren day ve lao dpng san xudt cd the dp
dung doi vdi bat ky hoat dong chung ndo cua con ngird’i. Qudn ly

xd hoi vdi tir cdch Id mot chifc ndng xd hoi dac biet xuat hien ttf
khi lao dong cua con ngirdi bdt dau dirp’c xd hoi hda.

Xd hpi cdng phdt trien cao thi nhu cdu quan ly xd hoi

cdng

ldn vd noi dung quan ly cdng da dang phifc tap. Qudn ly xd hoi
trong chirng mire nhat dinh Id viec con ngirdi dieu khien con

ngirdi, Id quan he gitfa con ngirdi vdi con ngirdi trong qud trinh
quan iy. Chu the cua qudn ly xd hpi Id con ngirdi vd co1 quan, to
chifc cua con ngirdi. Boat dong do chu the qudn ly thirc hien Id
boat dpng qudn ly. Khdch the cua qudn ly xd hoi Id hdnh vi, hoat
dong cua con ngirdi hodc co* quan, to chifc cua con ngirdi (cdn goi

Id hoat dong bi qudn ly). Qud trinh qudn ly xd hoi thirc hien diroc
Id nhd yeu to quyen uy. Quyen uy tifc Id sir dung quyen lire nhd


= 08 =

nude trong dd xuat hien quan he mot ben nhan danh Nhd nude ebn
ben kia cd nghia vu phuc tung vd tao thdnh noi dung cua quyen lire

quan ly vd Id ddc trung cua phtro’ng phdp qudn ly.
Trong xd hoi chua c6 Nhd nude, quyen lire dd mang tinh


chat xa hoi, duo’C cung co, bdo ddm bdng uy tin cua ngudi difng
dau vd sir ton trong cua thdnh vien trong cong dong, diro'c thb hien

chu yeu dudi hinh thifc cdc quy pham xa hoi. Tir khi Nhd nirdc
xuat hien, thi bp phan quan ly quan trpng nhat diro’c Nhd nude

ddm nhiem. Nhirng qudn ly xa hoi khong chi do Nhd nude vdi tir

edeh mpt to chifc chinh tri ddc biet thuc hien, md ebn do tat cd cdc

bp phan cau thdnh khde cua he thong chinh tri thirc hien. Tham chi
d gidc dp khde, chu the qudn ly xa hoi ebn Id gia dinh, cdc to chifc

tir nhan trong cdc linh vuc hoat dong kinh te, vdn hda, xa hpi.v.v.

Qudn ly xa hoi theo nghia tren Id mot khdi niem rong bao
hdm hai linh virc "Qudn ly cdc cong viec cua Nhd nude" (phan
qudn ly xa hoi do Nhd nude ddm nhiem) vd "qudn ly cdc cong viec

xa hoi" (phan qudn ly xa hoi ebn lai).

Qudn ly nhd nude hibu theo nghia rong duo’C thuc hien bdi
tdt cd cdc co’ quan Nhd nude, cUng cd khi do nhan dan true tiep

thuc hien bdng hinh thifc bb phieu todn dan hodc do cdc to chifc xa

hoi thuc hien neu duo’C Nhd nude giao quyen thuc hien chifc nang
Nhd nude. Qudn ly nhd nude khong phai Id qudn ly cdc to chifc


chinh tri goi 'Id Nhd nude, md Id su qudn ly cb tinh chat Nhd nude

do Nhd nude thuc hien thong qua bo mdy Nhd nude, tren co’ soquyen lire Nhd nude, nhdm thuc hien cdc nhiem vu vd chifc nang

cua Nhd nude. Qudn ly nhd nude Id su tdc dong vd dieu chinh
mang tinh quyen luc nhd nude ddi vdi cdc qud trinh xa hoi, dd Id
nhtfng tdc dpng cd edn cif khoa hpc vd cd tinh khoa hpc, duoc tien


= 09 =

hdnh mot cdch lien tuc d£ thuc hien cdc qud trinh phdt trien xd hoi.
Nhu vay quan ly nhd ntrtfc Id mot dang hoat dong cua Nhd niro’c.

Quan l}' nhd nude cd th£ hieu theo nghia rong dd Id todn bo hoat
dong cua bo mdy Nhd nude tu lap phdp, hdnh phdp vd tu* phdp; vd

theo nghia hdp dd Id viec thirc hien cdc hoat dong chap hdnh vd
dieu hdnh cua cdc co* quan qudn ly nhd nude ( Chinh phu, cdc Bo,
UBND cdc cap). Di nhien, qudn ly nhd nird’C phdi do cdc co* quan

Nhd nird’C tien hdnh (hay chu the cua qudn ly nhd nude trudc het

phdi Id cdc co’ quan nhd nude); song edng can nhan manh rdng hoat
dong qudn iy nhd nude edn cd the do cdc chu th£ khde tien hdnh
nhu cdc to chifc quan chung, to chifc chinh tri xd hoi hodc nhan

dan true tiep thuc hien nhung phdi do Nhd nude giao quyen, nhan

danh vd tren co* sd quyen lire nhd nude. Qudn iy nhd nude theo


nghia hep cd nhtfng dSc trung ca ban sau day:

- Thif nhat. qudn ly nhd nude Id hoat dong, tdc dong mang

tinh to chifc vh dieu chinh, hay ndi edeh khde nd chinh Id viec xay
dung cdc moi quan he giila con ngudi vdi con ngudi nhdm thirc

hien nhtfng muc dich nhat dinh (tinh to chifc), ddng thdi nd cting

Id hoat dong dieu chinh cdc quan he xd hoi. Ddc trung ndy rat quan

trong cho thay qudn ly nhd nude khong chi dom gian Id sir "cai
tri", kiem sodt, han che,... md nd Id cd mot qud trinh to chifc vd

dieu chinh cdc qud trinh xd hoi. Dung nhu V.I. Lenin dd viet: "D£
qudn ly tot can phai bi£t to chifc ve mdt thuc tien".[6]
- Thu hai: qudn ly nhd nude mang tinh chat quyen luc nhh

nude tife Id thiet lap quan he "quyen uy" vd "sir phuc timg"; cd
nghia Id todn bo cdc tdc dpng to chifc vd dieu chinh cua qudn ly
ducrc tien hdnh dua tren co* sd quyen lire nhd nude. Quyen luc dd

duo*c ghi nhan, cung co bdng phdp luat vd duo*c dam bao thuc hien


= 10 =

b&ng cdc bien phdp cird’ng che cua Nhd nirdc. Xd hoi cdng phdt
trien, nhat Id thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, ton tai kinh te thi trirdng


nhieu thdnh phan, md’ cua, md rpng dan chu... thi cdng can cd trat
tir ky cuong. Vi vay quyen lire nhd nude vua Id dau hieu dac

trirng vua Id dieu kien dam bao cua mot xd hoi vdn minh, hien dai.

Xd hoi cdng hien dai cdng can den quan ly (trong dd cd quan ly
nhd nude) cd nghia Id cdng can den quyen lire (trong dd quyen lire
nhd nird’c Id mot dang cu the). Ve dieu ndy, trong tdc pham "Bdn

ve quyen uy", Ph.Ang ghen dd viet: "Muon tieu diet quyen uy trong

dai cong nghiep, chinh Id muon tieu diet ngay cd ban

than cdng

nghiep, chinh Id tieu diet nhd mdy scri de dir a ve vdi edi xa kdo

so’i"[4].
Nhir vay, ndi tdi hoat dong quan ly nhd nirdc du cho hoat

dpng dy Id cua co1 quan nhd nirdc, cua mpt to chifc hay cd nhan

nhan danh Nhd nirdc deu dua tren co’ so* quyen lire nhd nirdc; ben
bi quan ly phai phuc tiing.

- Thif bat. quan ly nhd nirdc Id quan ly mang tinh khoa hoc,
s

J


tinh ke hoach hay nd Id hoat dong chu quan Cua con ngirdi nhirng

lai dua tren nhtfng yeu cau khdeh quan. Vi vay, quan ly Id nhtfng

tdc dong mang tinh chu dong sdng tao; nd xuat phdt tu ddi song xd
hoi luon bien dong vd phdt trien de tim kiem bien phdp ifng phd
kip thdi vd giai quyet cd hieu qua nhdm dat tdi nhtfng muc tieu dd

diro’c xdc dinh; dircyc tien hdnh dira tren nhtfng chu on g trinh cu the

ca ve chien liro’c cQng nhir ttfng thdi gian. Nhin tu mot khia canh

khde cd the khang dinh quan ly nhd nirdc cung mang tinh chinh tri
rd ret.

v i.v k r

< I*

f.! 11

\

; I

•

i i


I

' ’1 ■

■ ■

('ll'

k

Ib

- Thif tu: quan ly nhd nirdc lz) nhirng tdc dong len cdc qud
trinh xa hoi mot edeh lien tuc, dac diem ndy hinh thdnh chu ky


= 11 =

quan ly nhd nirtfc vd thong qua cdc chu ky dien ra lien tuc mb quan
ly nhd nirtfc thuc ddy cdc qud trinh xd hoi phdt tridn theo chieu

hiring lien tuc. Nhu- vay hoat dong qudn ly nhd nirtfc dien ra
thirdng xuyen, hdng ngdy hdng gid- khong bi gidn doan. Day chng
Id ddc didm md cdc hoat dong khde cua Nhd nirtfc khong cd.

Nhir vay du Id nghien cifu qudn ly nhd nirtfc tren mpt linh

virc ndo cua dtfi song xd hoi cOng deu phdi xuat phdt tir nhtfng ddc
trung cua qudn ly nhd nirtfc. Ttf dd mtfi cd the phan biet: gitfa


hoat dpng qudn iy nhd nirtfc vtfi cdc hoat dong khde cua Nhd nirtfc
vd vtfi hoat dong qudn ly xd hoi cua cdc chu the khde (Ddng, to
chifc quan chung, to chifc xd hpi hodc cong dan).
b - Ca cau cua quhn ly nhh nude
- & binh dien ca cau quhn ly nh& nude cd the thay qudn

ly nhd nirtfc phan anh moi lien he gitfa Nhd nirtfc vd xd hpi.
Trong mdi lien he ay, Nhd nirdc dircrc xem Id chu thd qudn ly, edn

xd hpi Id khdeh the qudn ly', mdc db Nhd nirtfc vd xd hoi gdn bd
chdt chd vtfi nhau. Song khi nghien cifu ve qudn ly nhd nirtfc cQng

edn ddt nd o dang "tinh" de phan tfch. Trong dang "tinh" co cau

cua nd bao gom cdc yeu to ho*p lai dd Id: Chu thfe, khdeh thd vd cdc
mdi quan he gitfa chu thd vd khdeh thd trong qud trinh qudn ly.

Xdc dinh chu the quan ly nhh nude nhdm trd ltf i cau hoi
"ai qudn ly". Chu thd 1dm phdt sinh nhtfng tdc dong qudn ly vd ton
tai Id do sir tdn tai cua khdeh the qudn ly, vi khdeh the qudn ly.
Khi ndi chu thd qudn ly nhd nirtfc tife Id ndi den con ngird’i, nhirng

dd Id nhtfng ngird’i cd thdm quyen (vien chifc nhd nirtfc) vd cdc td
chifc, co quan do con ngird’i lap ra. Hoat dong do chu thd qudn ly
thirc hidn Id hoat dong qudn ly. Chu the qudn ly nhd nirtfc XHCN

Id mpt he thong dirpe hinh thdnh vtfi nhtfng ddc trirng noi bat Id:


= 12 =


- He thong chu th8 qudn ly nhd nirdc diroc hinh thdnh tren
nguyen tdc quyen lire nhd nirdc Id thong nhat nhtrng cd str phan
cong vd phoi hp’p thirc hien 3 quyen: lap phdp, hdnh phdp vd tir

phdp. Xdt ve phiro’ng dien giai cap, hpc thuyet Mdc-L8nin khong

thda nhan phan chia quyen lire nhd nirdc. Quyen lire nhd nirdc
thuoc ve mot giai cap. (5 nirdc ta, quyen lire nhd nirdc thupc ve

giai cap cong nhan vd nhan dan lao dong. Trong tdc pham "Nhd
nirdc vd cdch mang", Lenin dd phan tich vd cho rdng mdc du trong
thdi ky dau qud do len CNXH, hinh thifc nhd nirdc van edn mang

tmh chat cua phdp quyen tir sdn nhirng khong edn giai cap tir san,
vi vay phai cd sir ket hop thong nhat gitfa quyen lap phdp vd hdnh

phdp. Nhirng xdt ve phiro’ng dien ky thuat to chifc quyen lire nhd
nirdc, thi viec phan cong, phan nhiem rach rdi chifc ndng vd tham

quyen givfa cdc co* quan nhd nirdc cd y nghia ddc biet quan trong

trong dau tranh chong lam quyen, lpng quyen, triing ldp, mau thuan,

chong chdo. Chinh nguyen tdc ndy cd y nghia quyet dinh den viec
hinh thdnh he thong chu th£ qudn ly nhd nirdc XHCN.
- He thong chu the quan iy nhd nirdc diroc xdc dinh theo

vbng ldnh tho tao thdnh cdc don vi hdnh chinh vd cd moi quan he
chdt chd vcxi nhau theo qui dinh cua phdp luat .

I

- He thong chu the qudn ly nhd nirdc edn diroc xay dirng

theo chieu dpc, tao ra 00* cau qudn iy phil hop vdi chifc ndng cua
tirng co quan qudn ly nhd nirdc vd theo ngdnh.
- He thong chu the qudn ly nhd nirdc Id mot tap hop cdc co

quan nhd nirdc, to chifc chinh tri xd hoi diroc Nhd nirdc uy quyen,
trong cdc co quan dd vien chifc nhd nirdc cd quyen vd nghia vu
diroc xdc dinh cu thl, rd rdng.


= 13 =

Xdc dinh khdeh the qudn ly nhd nirtfc nhdm tra ltfi cau
hdi "quan ly edi gi", "quan ly ai" vd suy cho cilng khdeh the quan
ly nhd nirtfc cOng Id con ngirtfi gdn vtfi hdnh vi, hay ntfi edeh khde

Id hdnh vi ho«it dpng cua con ngirtfi (hoat dpng bi quan ly). Cdn cif
vdo tieu chi khde nhau md cd the phan chia khdeh the qudn ly nhd
nirtfc ra nhieu loai nhir cdc cap dp khdeh the (con ngirtfi, t£p the,

todn bp he thong to chifc), cdc khdeh the loai nhir: kinh te, chfnh
tri, vdn hda, tir tutfng, an ninh, quoc phdng. Hern ntfa tuy theo
tung pham vi quan hp de xdc dinh khdeh the cd the trong pham vi

ndy Id khdeh the nhirng

tf pham vi quan he khde lai Id chu the


quan ly. Tir vipc xdc dinh phan loai khdeh thd nhir vay khong

nhtfng cd y nghia trong viec xay dung he thong chu the quan ly
md edn xdc dinh nhtfng tdc dpng phil hp-p vtfi tinh chat ddc thu cua
tung loai khdeh thd quan ly. Vtfi y nghia dd cd the ket luan rdng

khdeh the qudn ly nhd nutfc Id he thong trong dd bao hdm cdc linh

vuc san xuat vd tdi sdn xuat cdc gid tri v§t chat vd tinh than cOng

nhu cdc dieu kien song cua con ngutfi trong xd hpi. Ly luan quan
ly nhd nutfc ddi hdi phai xuat phdt tu nhtfng qui luat vd nhu cau
*

khdeh quad de xdc dinh noi dung vd tinh chat cua khdeh the quan
ly, dong thtfi phdi nghien cifu sau sdc sir phdt trien vd ddc diem

cua tung loai khdeh the de ttf dd xay dung cdc mau chung cho viec
thuc hien cdc tdc dong qudn ly.

Tdm lai: Khi nghien cifu quan ly nhd qutfc ntfi chung vd

qudn ly nhd nutfc tren tung linh vuc ntfi rieng, viec phan tfch co*

cau cua ntf ctf y nghia quan trpng de xdc dinh tinh chat ddc thil vd
ban chat cua qudn ly nhd nutfc tren linh vuc dd. Khong xdc dinh rtf
chu the, khdeh the vd moi quan he gitfa chung trong qudn ly nhd

nutfc tren mpt linh vuc thi stf khong the luan gidi duo’C nhtfng



= 14 =

vdn cle rat cu the nhu: qudn ly ai, qudn ly cdi gi, ai quan ly vd
thirc chdt cua moi quan he gitfa hoat dong qudn ly vd hoat dong bi
X

quan ly Id gi ?
b - Quhn ly nhh nirdc-Chifc nang hoat dong cua Nhh nirdc

- Ndi tdi quan ly nhh nirdc vdi tir cdch lii mot chifc ndng

hoat dong cua Nhd nird’c trong qudn ly xd hoi cQng cd nghia quan
ly nhd nircrc Id mot loai hoat dpng. Vi vay phai

xem xdt nd o’

trang thdi "dpng". O tr^ng thdi ndy, hoat dpng qudn ly nhd nircrc cd

nhieu ydu to phai nghien cifu. Khi de cap nhtfng yeu to tao nen
loai hoat dpng ndy trong ly luan ve qudn ly Nhd nirdc XHCN cd

nhieu cdch tiep can vd phan chia khdc nhau, nhirng tiru trirng lai
bao gom nhtfng yeu td co* ban sau day:
Trirdc het ndi tdi qudn ly nhd nude phdi ndi tdi muc dich,

nhiem vu cua hoat dong quan 7/. Hoat dong qudn

ly nhd nirdc


mang tinh chat chinh tri, tinh chat dan chu vd khoa hpc. Vi vay
ldm rd muc dich vd nhiem vu cua qudn ly nhd nirdc Id van de

khong thd thieu khi nghien cifu hoat dong ndy. Muc dfch qudn ly
nhd nude chinh Id k£t qud cua mot qud trinh phan dnh, nhan thuc

qui luat van dong cua xd hpi, cua chu th& qudn ly, tao nen dup*c sir
phu ho’p gitfa y chi chu quan cua chu the qudn ly vdi nhtfng ton

tai khdeh quan cua khdeh the qudn ly. Cdc co* quan qudn ly nhd

nude trong qud trinh thirc hien chifc ndng qudn ly deu hudng tdi
muc dich chung trong khi thuc hien cdc hoat dong th^o chifc ndng

vd muc tieu cu the trong pham vi linh vuc duuc phan cong. D8 dat

dup’c muc dich, qudn ly phdi thuc hien nhieu nhiem vu khdc nhau

o* cdc cap do khdc nhau. Ndi cdch khdc Id de dat dup’c muc dich


= 15 =

quan ly cdc chu the quan iy c6 the dinh ra cdc nhiem vu cu th£

khde nhau, di nhien nhiem vu cua ttfng chu the lai dup’c gicH han
theo vi tri chifc ndng cua m'inh.

Trong hoat dpng qudn ly nhd nude thi muc dich vd nhiem vu


dat dupe Id nhd viec thirc hi£n cdc chifc ndng quan ly tife Id cdc
loai hoat dpng quan ly. Hay ndi cdch khde chifc ndng quan ly Id

cdc phiro’ng thifc thirc hien nhiem vu quan iy. V& cdch phan loai
♦]
chifc nang quan ly nhd nirdc cho den nay trong khoa hoc quan ly
van edn cd nhtfng y kien khde nhau, nhung ve chifc ndng co1 ban

cua quan ly nhd nude bao gom cdc chifc ndng dir bdo, ke hoach
hda, to chifc, dieu chinh, ldnh dao, dieu hdnh, phoi hp’p, ki£m tra,
thong ke, ki£m ke. Trong he thong cdc co* quan nhd nude thi moi

co* quan tham gia thuc hien cdc chifc ndng cua quan ly nhd nude

ndi tren d pham vi khde nhau.
Trong hoat dpng quan ly nhd nude cdc chu the qudn ly tdc
dpng den nhtfng khdeh the, doi tupng quan ly bdng nhtfng phuerng

thifc, cdch thifc khde nhau dd dat dupe muc dich. Dd chinh Id yeu
to quan trpng cua hoat dpng qudn ly nhd nude hay phuo’ng phdp

qudn ly. O day cQng cd thd hieu, phuo’ng phdp qudn ly Id cdch
thifc md chu thd qudn ly tdc dpng len khdeh thd qudn ly (hdnh vi

ddi tuo*ng qudn ly) nhdm dat dup’c nhtfng muc dich de ra. Nhu vay

phuo’ng phdp qudn ly nhd nude chinh Id cdch thifc thuc hien quyen
luc nhd nude vi nd dup’c dp dung trong hoat dpng qudn ly nhd
nude, the hien y chi cua Nhd nude, nd phan dnh tham quyen cua

cdc co* quan nhd nude vd dup’c bieu hien dudi nhtfng hinh thifc

phdp ly nhat dinh. Cdc phuo’ng phdp trong hoat dpng qudn ly nhd
nude bao gdm cdc phuo’ng phdp chung nhu: thuyet phuc, cudng
che, kinh te, hdnh chinh, theo dpi kiem tra, ngodi ra edn cd cdc


= 16 =

phtro’ng phdp rieng dupe dp dung trong qud trinh thuc hien nhtfng
chtfc nang rieng biet hodc tf nhtfng khau; nhtfng giai doan rieng

biet cua qud trinh quan ly.
Hoat dpng quan ly nhd nutfc bieu hien ra ben ngodi bdng

nhtfng hinh thifc quan ly. Muc dich, nhiem vu, phuong phdp quan

ly nhd nutfc tao thdnh npi dung cua qudn ly nhd nutfc. Npi dung
dd dupe bieu hien ra ben ngodi bdng cdc hinh thtfc quan ly. Hinh

thtfc vd npi dung quan ly quan he chdt che vtfi nhau. Hinh thtfc
quan ly bao gdm: Ban hdnh cdc quyet dinh qudn ly cd y nghia chi

dao, dinh hutfng cho cdc hoat dpng qudn ly, ban hdnh cdc quyet
dinh qudn ly cd tinh qui pham nhdm cu the hda cdc vdn ban quy

pham phdp luat cua co* quan quyen luc nhd nutfc vd cdc vdn ban
qui pham phdp luat khde; ban hdnh cdc quyet dinh qudn ly cd biet.

Thuc hien cdc tdc dong to chtfc true tiep nhu: nghien ctfu, tong

i

■

i

■

ket, pho bien kinh nghipm, ban hdnh chi dan, hoi nghi... vd cuoi

cung Id hinh thtfc tien hdnh cdc hoat dong mang tinh chat tdc
nghiep vdt chat, ky thuat nhu: Thu thap dtf lieu, thong tin, chuan

bi tdi chinh,... cho viec ban hdnh nhtfng quyet* dinh qudn ly. Neu
xem xdt dutfi gtfc do van dpng theo trinh tu thtfi gian cd tinh chu
ky, thi trong qudn ly nhd nutfc phdi de cap ttfi mot yeu to ntfa, dd
Id chuo*ng trinh qudn ly bao gom nhieu giai doan dien ra ke tiep

nhau theo trinh tu thtfi gian tuong tfng vtfi viec giai quyet mot van

de nhdt dinh trong qudn ly. Cdc giai doan cua chuo’ng trinh qudn ly

bao gom: Ddnh gid tinh hinh vd phdt hien van de can gidi quyet,
chuan bi du thdo quyet dinh, thong qua quyet dinh, ban hdnh quyet
dinh qudn ly, to chtfc thuc hien quyet dinh vd kiem tra ddnh gid su

thuc hien cdc quyet dinh dd.


= 17 =

Nhir vay, quan ly nhd nude doi vdi bat ky linh virc ndo thirc

chat cOng Id mot lo^i hoat dpng cua nhd nude md boat dong dd
phu thuoc triro’c het vdo nhtfng yeu to tao nen nd nhir da phan tich
d’ tren. Nhtfng yeu to ndy d mifc dp khdc nhau deu lien quan den

hieu qua cua hoat dong quan ly nhd nirdc ndi chung vd tren ttfng
linh virc ndi rieng. Dieu ndy cQng cho thay muon nghien cifu ddnh

gid thirc trang hieu qud cua hoat dong qudn ly nhd nirdc vd hodn
thien nd phdi di ttf phan tfch nhtfng yeu to tao nen hoat dong qudn

ly nhd nirdc vd sir tdc dpng cua ttfng yeu to dd dnh hirdng den
hoat dpng qudn ly nhd nirdc nhir the ndo. Sa Id khong day du vd

khoa hoc neu khi nghien cifu ve hoat dpng qudn ly nhd nirdc lai
i
khong di ttf viec phan tich nhtfng yeu to tao nen noi dung vd hinh

thuc dien ra cua loai hoat dong ndy. Di nhien hoat dong qudn ly

nhd nirdc cUng chiu sir chi phoi cua nhieu yeu to khdeh quan khdc

trong xd hpi nhirng trirdc het nd phu thupc vdo nhtfng "yeu to" tao
nen nd.
1.1.2 - Nhtfng ddc tnrng ccr bdn cua qudn 1^ nhd nurdc

ve an ninh quoc gia
a - KhAi niem an ninh quoc gia, bho ve an ninh quoc gia vb


quan ly nhh ni/dc ve an ninh quoc gia
Thuat ngtr "an ninh quoc gia" dd dir pc neu ra trong Hien
phdp, trong cdc Nghi quyet cua Ddng cdng nhir trong mot so van

bdn phdp luat khdc cua nude ta. Dieu 11 Hien phdp ndm 1992 quy

dinh: "Cdng dan cd trdch nhiem gitf gin ANQG vd TTATXH".[38,
tr.16] vd "Cdc lire lupng vtf trang nhan dan phdi trung thdnh tuyet

ddi vdi To quoc vd nhan dan, cd nhiem vu sdn sdng chien dau bdo
-Ve_ ddc-.Jap chii--qiiyen, thong nhat, todn ven ldnh tho cua To quoc,

hao ve che dp XHCN vd thdnh qud cua cdch


= 18 =

mang...” (Dieu 45); "Nhd nutfc xay dung CAND cdch mang, chinh
qui, tinh nhue, tung butfc hien dai, dua vdo nhan dan vd 1km ndng
cot cho phong trdo nhan dan d£ bao ve ANQG, TTATXH; bao ddm

su on dinh chinh tri, cdc quyen tu do dan chu, tdi san tinh mang
cua nhan dan, tdi san XHCN, dau tranh phdng ngda vd chong cdc

loai toi pham" (Dieu 47).[38, tr.29] Dieu 1 cua Phdp lenh ve luc
luo-ng ANND neu: "Bdo ve ANQG Id nhiem vu cua Nhd nude

Cpng hda XHCN Viet Nam vd todn th£ nhan dan...”.[61]. Nghi

quyet Dai hpi lan thif VI cua Ddng khkng dinh: Bao ve ANQG


phdi duQ*c tien hdnh bdng mpi luc luQ’ng, phuo’ng tien, bien phdp
can thiet nhat. [68]. Trong Cuo’ng linh xay dung CNXH, Nghi

quyet Hoi nghi Dai bieu todn quoc gitfa nhiem ky cua Dang Cong
sdn Viet Naih (khda VII), Nghi quy£t Hpi nghi lan thif III Ban
chdp hdnh Trung uorng Dang (khda VII) ve nhiem vu quoc phdng,
t

t r. * I«-» 1' j" _

f1 jjj J*j

bdo ve ANQG, chong dien bien hda binh cua dich, Nghi quyet Dai
hoi Ddng todn quoc lan thif VIII vd mpt so Nghi quyet, Chi thi
khde cua Ddng ve nhiem vp cong tdc an ninh, nhu cdc Nghi quyet

so 31-NQ/TW ngdy 2/12/1980, so 21- NQ/TW ngdy 26/11/1984, so
07- NQ/TW ngdy 30/11/1987 vd Chi thi so 60 CT/TW ngdy

26/5/1990 cua Bp Chinh tri ve nhiem vu bao ve an ninh quoc gia
trong tinh hinh mdi cua Ban chap hdnh Trung uo-ng Ddng deu su
dung cum tu ANQG nhu Id mpt khdi niem doc lap, phan biet vexi

khdi niem ve quoc phdng, trat tu an todn xd hpi vd cdc quan niem
khde ve ANQG.

Nhu vay ANQG Id thupt ngtf ddng de chi mpt mpc tieu, mpt

nhiem vu phdi gitf gin, bao ve, trong su nghiep xay dung ddt nutfc

di theo con duexng XHCN. Thuat ngtf ndy su dung de chi mot

phan , mot bp phan trong nhiem vu bao ve To quoc, bao ve sir


= 19

nghiep xay du-ng dat nutfc ndi chung. Dong thtfi thuat ngtf ndy
thutfng di lifen vtfi thugt ngtf TTATXH khi xdc dinh chdng Id
nhtfng khdeh th6 can bdo ve, can phdi cd sir qudn ly cua Nhd nutfc.

Nhu vay ANQG vd TTATXH Id hai khdi niem luon gan nhau
nhung khong dong nhat md Id nhtfng phuo-ng dien can bdo ve cua
Nhd nutfc. Khi tiep can noi dung cua ANQG trong nhan thtfc ly

luan cOng nhu trong thuc tien edn cd nhieu edeh hieu khde nhau:
Cd quan diem cho rdng ANQG Id su on dinh vtfng vdng ve

mdt chinh tri cua mpt quoc gia trong dd phdi ke den sir on dinh
vtfng vdng cua nen dpc lap dan tpc, cua che do chinh tri, ve chu
quyen quoc gia vd todn ven ldnh tho, ve npi bo he thong chinh tri.
[65]

Quan niem khde, xuat phdt ttf khdi niem quoc gia, cho rdng

ANQG bao gom an ninh ldnh tho, an ninh che dp chinh tri, an ninh
dan cu.[45]

Neu edn ctf vdo cdc linh vuc trong dtfi song xd hoi can duoc


bdo ve an todn thi nhtfng ngutfi theo quan niem th if 3, cho rdng
ANQG bao gom an ninh chfnh tri, an ninh kinh te, an ninh vdn

hda, tu tutfng vd an ninh xd hpi trong dd an ninh kinh te Id nen
tdng, an ninh chfnh tri Id cot ldi, xuyen suot.[32]

Chung tdi cho rdng, khi tim hiSu khdi niem ANQG can thiet
phdi tiep can ttf binh dien Hi6n phdp, phdp luat btfi vi A* nutfc ta

cOng nhu cdc nutfc khde tren the gitfi thi Hien phdp Id dao luat co­

ban, trong dd xdc dinh nhtfng nguyen tdc co’ bdn ve bdn chat, to

chtfc vd hoat dpng cua mpt Nhd nutfc nhu: xdc dinh che dp chfnh
tri, che do kinh te vdn hda; to chtfc vd hoat dong cua bp mdy Nhd

nutfc, enng nhu cdc quyen co- bdn cua cong dan... Do dd khdi niem
ANQG cd th£ duo-c hieu Id su- bat kha xam pham, su- "bat di bdt


= 20 =
dich" cua cdc nguyen tdc trong Hien phdp. Di sau vdo ndi dung cu
the gdn vdi ANQG d nirdc ta thi cdch tiep can ndy tir o’ng tir nhir

quan didm thif nhat. Bdi vi, suy cho cimg nhtfng npi dung neu ra

trong cdch tiep can thif nhat dd dircrc chi ra trong Hien phdp nain
1992. Hom ntfa trong Hien phdp khi xdc dinh cdc nguyen tdc co­

ban deu cd nhtfng quy dinh nghiem cam vd trtfng tri nghiem khdc


nhtfng hdnh vi xam pham ddn nhtfng nguyen tdc dd.
Ve npi dung khdi niem ANQG vd bdo ve ANQG, cdc tdc gid

nhir Nguyen PhiJng Hdng, Diromg Thanh Bidu dd dd cap den trong
cdc luan dn Phd Tien si khoa hpc Luat hoc (Md so 5.05.01). Trong
dd, tdc gid Nguyen Philng Hong, dd xuat phdt tir gdc do tdng
cird'ng phdp che XHCN trong hoat dong cua lire liromg CAND tren

linh virc bdo ve ANQG, de cap noi dung khdi niem ve ANQG vd
bdo ve ANQG bao gom nhtfng van dd sau day:

- Bdo ve an ninh chinh tri bao gom bdo ve che dp chinh tri,
chu quyen vd todn ven ldnh tho, bdo ve sir hoat dong an todn vd

binh third’ng cua he thong chinh quyen nhan dan cdc cap, cdc to

chifc chinh tri - xd hpi. Qudn ly nhd nirdc vd an ninh chinh tri
luon luon ’dirp’c ddt len hdng dau trong qudn ly nhd nirdc ve
ANQG; bdi Id gdn lien vdi sir ton vong cua che do

XHCN, cua

chinh quyen nhan dan. Qudn ly nhd nirdc vd chu quyen quoc gia

gom nhieu npi dung khdc nhau nhir dam bdo quyen tir dinh doat
»yan menh cua minh, tir lira chon con dir d’ng md khong bi nirdc

ngodi can thiep; bdo ve todn bp ldnh tho quoc gia, tren bo, tren
khong, khong bi nude ngodi xam lan; bdo ve tdi nguyen thien nhien


tren them luc dia, tren viing ldnh hai. Qudn ly nhd nude ve chu
A

z

.

X

quyen quoc gia edn bao gom viec qudn ly hoat dpng cua ngird’i
nirdc ngodi tren ldnh tho nirdc ta. Bdo ve an ninh chinh tri edn bao


= 21 =

hdm ndi dung bdo ve nhan dan vd bao ve cdc cong dong dan cu

tren ldnh tho nutfc ta vd ca cong ddng ngudi Viet Nam d’ nirdc

ngodi. Bao ve str ton tai vd an todn trong hoat dong cua chfnh
quyen nhan dan ndi chung,

cua ca he thong chinh tri ndi rieng cUng

Id noi dung co* ban, quan

trpng cua qudn ly nhd nirdcve ANCT,

bdi IS chfnh quyen Id van de cot tir cua moi cuoc cdch mang.

- Bao ve an ninh kinh te Id bdo ve qud trinh hoach dinh vd to

chifc thirc hien dtrong loi

phdt trien kinh te, bdo ve sir hoat dong

an todn cua moi thdnh phan kinh te theo dung phdp luat, bdo ve doi
ngQ edn bo qudn ly kinh te, tri thifc, edn bp khoa hpc ky thuat, cdc

nhd kinh doanh, khong de nirdc ngodi sir dung kinh te de loi kdo,

mua chuoc gay ton that vd di chech htrdng phdt trien kinh te da
dinh. X6t den cung thi an ninh kinh te tdc dong true tiep doi vdi

an ninh chfnh tri.

- Bdo ve an ninh xd hpi, an ninh vdn hda-tir tirdng Id bdo ve
sir trong sdng cua nen tdng tir tirdng tien bp cua xd hpi, Id ddm
bdo cho xd hoi, vdn minh ldnh manh, nhtfng gid tri dao dife truyen

thong cua dan toe dup’c bdo ton vd phdt trien/ ngdn chdn cdc trdo
luu tu tudng vdn hda phdn dong, doc hai xam nhap. Dieu dd cUng

chi ldm dup’c bdng cong tdc qudn ly nhd nude dua tren cdc qui

dinh phdp ly het sife cu the, chdt che tren tat cd cdc mdt ttf xuat
ban, phdt hdnh, den cdc qui dinh xuat nhap khau vd xuat nhap ednh
ra vdo bien gidi...[36]

Neu nhin ttf gdc do tdng cudng phdp che XHCN trong hoat

dong cua lire lup’ng CAND tren linh vuc bdo ve ANQG, thi khdi

niem ANQG vd bdo ve ANQG cua tdc gid Id phu hp’p. Di ttf mot
khia canh khde, tdc gid Duong Thanh Bieu dd khang dinh: trong