

 
  !"#
$ %&'()*+
,'(#% "/0&%1
 +2)*%-3"/0&%1
 )%-1#%&4% "/+.30&%1
$ % "/0&%156%)7%89))*8+2/8+%-
: ;<%5='(0&%1
,'(#% "/&)%->
 +2)*%-3"/&)%->
 ?)%-@+2#%&4% "/&)%->
$ % "/&)%->
: ;<%5='(#&)%->
CHƯƠNG I. TỔNG QUAN VỀ GIS VÀ CÁC PHẦN MỀM GIS
 GIS là gì?
GIS (A.-))B 4.5+5%AC*%=%&401/!.D<%*%=
97%E)F.>)+GH%)7%!190I%-F8JK/8LG
)I%1%&401/M((.(0N9
O%I)I-M0E'(<%&*JK/8GE'F)*O
%P0<Q)'F)*90I!)7R%%&4FN=)Q)"
/%%&4+5ST%-E)*-+7%01
,'(#% U6OG0'3%3JV%"9N3%6
)28JW<)X9N3"/?Y+%&%>0E)I<%*
%=%&40+&800%Z*H+%<.>)5K'(
*%=%&401/5S0EGE%&4'F)*[9
 Các chức năng cơ bản của GIS
;<%*%=%&401/\CO !"5
 Nhập và biến đổi địa lý:
L+%-+I0)'3'F)*%]'3!"0D)^+8%]%))*8 !"9

%'35=0IO%I5K'(0E% 
9)Y5=)*!"0D.+G8%.%JK/%-Q0O.V.
%)*'F)*_!"0D%-2+Q)<)'
` a%<G.0=)%E!"0Db)297%'F)*9&)
'F)*%<G
` cL+'6^%-R%..\*9&)C
` d)2%YQ%&4%-!+!"0D
` +I0)*)7\*%P0<C
` +I0)9&'38^%-R'F)*!"0D
 Quản lý dữ liệu
 'F)*0EJaJ7%A.\+A-C8%A.#08%A.9&)\96C8
%A.%>))\ %C%A.%.0E%-F<%O*%=
 "/'F)*#0E%I)*<)'5
` b%-F'F)*% eb
` f&)('F)*%]eb
` 'F)*%A.F'3^%-R'F)*%NE
` 6)* %-F9&)(%)7%!1%-F
` -+YYY%'F)*
` O%Ig9)70=)%E%hWF0)9)*.%-Q<%
'i'NJ
 Xử lý và phân ch dữ liệu
.VJK/%-2+G.3%VLG!"0D5=)*<%
ONJ8((+2JL+'6!"0DLG+
.3W%
O%I%6)*V!)I0)!"0D!"8DJ7!"0D8JK/'F)*
9&)%A.&
$ Các phần mềm GIS
00E0)9)*JK/8"/8%-F'F)*9&)01/
'F)*%<G01/00EP)
j)*+8%3)!)7^%kl#Wml8

;)B.#Wn)%A+d.oA58A-#WA-mpq+
WD[r%8;s)'.oq
 +%!<5"kl#ml)7%7>&
(3S8O9" 9)%7% #%-2'(9
eA59%.8oA!8+#8.t*%=%)7%!1')0<u.)-F&
(*k-^-^%3% &%"/8YY%8L
G%&4%3.2*%=%&401/.v
: Ứng dụng của GIS trong các lĩnh vực (nguồn: Vidagis.com)
0E'(% -^%)U6%-2%7)Q)w?)*%u0E
'(% )*%%-)I0&%1&)%->%6)2r+.30&%18
"/L68&)*80)*%=&N8<%-8L9x8!"0D8
)5%H!)I8h!*%Y% QU6+80O)
%-@<%&(T%-E+7%01.)*Y97.3.3%0<
 &%1
f" %-F8JK/LG'F)*9&)3S#-^%%NE
.)*"/+.30&%1&43%5[0&%1y%&
49)%7JW<)0E^<%91%>)8NJ?N'(0I+
.3')3<%0&%18.)F'F)*%)7%>)%")%L07
0<% %-['L5=y')*G#96%A.%]%>)9zq
 ;&)%->
A.F+2)9))*^%%O-^%)'(0W%%-)I
% F%%L07&)%->?Q)0)"^%%>)5K
'(0I0)&)%->8N'(%<G1%-N#L+-],'(
Q)%3'H9" LG#0I&O47
%-JO)@0^%856%-+8&)iQ89&9N8.t"#6
5&5)*%E%)2)2q
 fN%E%#+ 
 U6+0E'H<%*%=08((=
%)2%)yV%[H38J01%L!W.8'60.D"+8J
010<Y(%8%]0O0-!)*@=91%>)qF

'(+GLG%32&'F)*9&)'3")7
%7
 u&)*
uF'(0t%-)5%%.38"/5K'(0^%8'6!.
O8)20^%%-D897.3%Q)4289)I%-DQ
 A.`-9A4
j)*+JQ5K'(% U6+% 2-^%6)*
%.%LG3Q)+LG'F)*5[985S0-0E
0T%-E.)*-+7%01?N'(% U6+%785Sv-
0E1%-N[%2!*)*8%-3+%7+<%-^%)F1%-N)*
%3)#JA^!*L^
Hình: GIS đưa ra giái pháp cho bài toán đội cứu hỏa
 U6%)N0E'(0Ig-F1%-N.)Q)#
L97%E%2Q)'F)*9'L8%Y801^%8%>)
47%0I0-F0)0E0<-#) %YE)
 U6L=)!{8JL+'6%-F'F)*9)%7`JW<)#
9% <%U6.0O8%]0OJL+'6<%5)2%1'6%-2G%.
%>))0)075)2%180<"[#5)2%1070=)%E0Nj.t
'H.)*"/%)5"g0>L=)a^%
 N+01
N+01<%% FU6'(-<Q^%#
![)0L+<%%5K'('F)*9&))^%^%"#
N+010O%IOE)%]%+%7.D58)^+%>% 
"/%&48'F)*01/3)'i'YY%85K0)N+01
yO%I5K'(% )*!".'|K80>).%&8T%-E.
%-%L0)9)I"/g=9x^
 ).%&
O9" '(09I% U6Y%")u.))*%-F8Y97
.35[3%).%&8@0-LGT%-E.Y+I8
')+I8'X0>q

 0)*8Q88)i%&q
 U6+80E5K'(<%).3%80E'H0IJL+'6
5['F)*8LG5['F)*8)R.)*"/5K'(%&401/<%
)*"M0+2.3%0<(0N#%-2
CHƯƠNG II. ỨNG DỤNG CỦA GIS TRONG QUẢN LÝ ĐÔ THỊ
 Hiện trạng quản lý đô thị và yêu cầu
 ;<%5=9))*0&%13%0&%1
Đô thị:0E01UF0)I'L%Y%-O5[3%%NE
'L<)%19&'Q):}}}>)&%1!.D%=8%1JW8%1%-^
0EL.3)%0&%10t!)*%8.3)888??N07 }8?)*%u
0WO9."~••0&%18% 0OO}0&%1%].3)?%-[2\n((kC
Hạ tầng đô thị:+7%=9&%I%)70E0=)Q)<%0&%10O)%-@
%-P%R0x+56%%-)IP)t%9)%7JW<)% 0&%1*%=5[3
%L+'1(&<%)7%+7^%>)'L0&%15K'(%>
J+2j3%0&%1!.D3%9€%Y%3%JW<)0&%1
Hạ tầng kỹ thuật (HTKT) đô thị:!.D*%=).%&8^Q8%.%Q
JK/Q%")8*%="/^%%")0"!".*5)&)%->83%L+
Jt%Q8^0)*)758*%=^ E*%=
%&4)23
Hạ tầng xã hội (HTXH) đô thị:!.D*%=3%+%78).'(8
%3)8%I%.8'18 OG|
Quản lý đô thị:!.D.3%0<M+0<P)D6.&%+
.38.301%-%%-)I'+%-.3%0<0O0I03%0E
(42%%-)I#N+0&%1
Quản lý hạ tầng đô thị:O<)'-<Q!.%%]+.3%%-)I897.3
0%8%)7%9707Y8'+%5KF8")%3.L^%A.'•)%%Y'F
)*0I%=9280)97%".3%0<#5[3%0&%1
 j)*%-3"/0&%1+2
 F g0&%1O#?)*%uO)%+0)u ‚‚‚
'L5=0&%1%3)?)*%u9."ƒ%-)*>)8 }}‚:8•%-)*>)\%Z*

0&%1O‚„…8 }}%Z*0&%1O$}•…\'L5=%.0&%19."$~…C
N02$††}}?)*%uO~••0&%18!.D0&%1.3)0t!)*%8}0&%1
.3)8.3)8:~.3)8•}.3)?„$:.3)?N07 }?)*%u0WO
}0&%1.3)?%-[2
&%1+9‡010E)%-@0<6% 9)%7en#0&%1
)7%-2~}…en#"Q8+9‡01)%-@3%L%R0x+^
9)%7JW<)#T)H8T)01% "Q
uQ0WOFQ)7E%%-)I0&%1=)%A.
%]%>)9z+)28%%-)I0&%1[?)*%u%)7+.38@%6%8%A.
.%-.[<%5=0&%1r%-"/@)!^%Y5.Q)+2%
%-)I;t'H&%+.30E801-^%%L80t
!)*%+.39&)8+.3JL+'60&%1u!230O8%A.'X
#!<%-[!<JL+'6ˆ0&%1%-2"Q0O+.38
+.3Y5.Q)+20t%-OF)0&%1%%-)IJ.Q)+
.38+.3")YY%)*%-30WOˆjF8&%"/+.3
0&%1%3)?)*%u) <-•E0)I@)+.3O^%
E%^8%)7)+.380t!)*%+.3L9+.3)
47%?)*%u0'%]!Q")%)*9a(E0)I% "/
%-2!MJL+'6<%*%=Y%)20I"/%%-)I0&
%18Y3)%-Y%%60&%18%%-)I0&%1%A.97.3
$ )%-1#%&4% "/8+.30&%1
&40O<%)%-@%-P+0E.)<%% FD
6#9)%7Q)D%)+2%)2)28%)N8.>)q
N5%-)*"\%)7%.)*-+7%01#^C
(%<.560+0#80<NJ8GYY%#%&4=)Q)0&%18%&
4YY%0+0##+7%=%6)28'L89)%78JW<)8 O80t!)*%
5[3%Q)0tG=)*#O%Q)'L-^%%-P0=)Q))*
"/8%%-)I9&)0&%1
HQ))*-0>)#+G8'F)*'0E"/'Q)'35=8%+.
"/8%-F%-+%=!M)^+?HQ)5647!<#&*%&48

%&40&%10E"/% *5['F)*8*%=%&4GE'F
)*080U6cQ"/Y+")%)*09ID%&4
0&%1L.)*""/0&%1&40E)5{)F8!
#N+0&%18)R=)E00^%=%8)"FL%X
+E))FU69)'D6\N'()F%%-)I!".
%D8)F3Q)0&%1'Hv‰C
: % &%+.3"/0&%1
:f))*
eQ)O0<'("/0&%180E)I<%&*"/
JK/GE'F)*0&%1O%P0<\!"0DCQ)'3'F)*90I!)7
R%%&4FN%-E)R.+7%01"/% 6P
010)I81%-N8L!5K'()*"D69&)+3Š
#0&%18^'1(0&%1<%E/
: N#0&%1
`%YY'F)*.*%=0&%1
`b%-F"/eb0&%1
`-+^g9)7%&40&%1%A.+2>)'H
`j)I%1%&40&%1\97%"V%-+^.tJK/qC'Q)'3!"0D8
0D%18.t!"'F)*
`cK/LG9&)%<GM0-5"x97%"8%&4
%E((.Y!..T%-E%--+7%01
`d)2%Y8J^%!"97%"9)%5['F)*'Q)'3!..8!"0D%A.
+01)*#JL+'6
t0)I)%-<)#0&%19" %.%%-2'F)*9&)97%
EQ)%-'F)*%<G8)I%197%"!M!"0D80D%18!)I0Df7%
EQ)F&(LG8&()297%3S8%-[%&(0a
6T%-E.)*-+7%01%-%6)*
Hình: GIS quản lý dữ liệu không gian và dữ liệu thuộc nh
:$r+%-
?)*%%-)I9&)0&%1%>0E01Q!M)7E} 8+

.3.• 897.3.• Q)%-8'6.3%0<%
)*+%>A.Y%+.30&%1}}‚80&%1?)*%u0EJL+'6
+.38+.3L9+.3)47%8%>0E0)v
5• 
r+%-0IY+.30&%10E%6)*%A.F!Q5

•,'(%6%7#% "/+.30&%1%3)?)*%u
 Quản lý cấp phép xây dựng
nL*%3.Y<%&)%->%)*0)*%K%]%-47YD5
J)^VJL+'607%-)).)*8%(/8%-9/8.%-"97%"
D5.%8L;<%5= N
`)7YD5
`r"/D5
`YY%%&4%(/D5
`bY)7%x%-8)^+VJL+'6
`jT%-E)*(
 Quản lý quy hoạch
r"/0D+.3DD+.38<)'+.38<)'
JL+'68!"0D+208%)*0D8v+.3q
r"/+.3%-2d"0D+.38!"0D%K0^%8JA%&
4+7JL+'68JA%&4+.38G%.')*4)")%h0
!H8T%-E^VJL+'68VLG9&)Q)0D+
.3
 Quản lý kho đồ án quy hoạch
r"/0D8<)'+.38<)'JL+'68v+.3
r"/!"0D+208!"S8%)*)7Y%-F-89)
%%&4
 Tổng hợp báo cáo, thống kê
f=) +^.>)5K'(&(0ILG897%
J^%%&4Q)%-25['F)*0W0E%D%3)% *%='6%-2

JK/%&4%=92
;(0N#.'%E%=92^."/%&4
NJ0=)%EO% *%=
 Khai thác bản đồ
^.>)5K'().')*!"0D+.3%-2&)%->oA!
0I9)%0111%-N0D+.3^&(g9)7%-2
!"0D0IJ011%-N0=)%E+.3%A.0)9)*g9)7
 Quản trị hệ thống
^&(LG0=)%E%A.9."81%-N8Hn((
.)*L+5K'(.%]>)5K'(8%A.'•)89)I%-)*Y
'F)*%-2%.*%=v5K'F)*9)%)7%
 Quản trị người sử dụng
r"%-1%)9.">)'Hr"%-1O+8O>)5K'(^
O+†%D)O+.%)9."nL+5K'(*%=
CHƯƠNG III. ỨNG DỤNG CỦA GIS TRONG QUẢN LÝ MÔI TRƯỜNG
+2)*%-3"/&)%->
"/&)%->
r"/&)%-><%.3%0<% U6"/JW<)8O%0<0)
v.3%0<#.>)'6%-25647YO*%&9€ 0)
=)%&40=)Q)^0&)%->O)207.>)
;(42#"/&)%->)F0E56L!M)F%%-)I9)%7!".
*&)%-> &%"/&)%->#Q8(420O!.
D
` fa(@=5+%.)8&)i&)%->%5)% 
.3%0<5=#.>)
` n%%-)I!F9)%7JW<)=)%A.‚+2%a#<%
JW<)!F'.<)1l).`‚0J^%9N3#%%-)I
!F!.Dn%%-)I!F9)%78!".*D%)
+2%)2)289&%3.-&)i5+%.)^%E&)
%->5=8L.56 )&!MJW<)

` cL+'6&(O)*6"/&)%->=)H
W % & ( %-2") %N E . %]8%] 01
<0D'L
+2%a#+7#&%"/&)%->
` jQ&%"/&)%->%Q)(42%%-)I!F9)
%7JW<)0^%Q8)FL!M)F%%-)I!".*&)%->
` f7%E(42=%7`=)`HW%<0D'L
% )*"/&)%->
` r"/&)%->0E%6)*!M)!)*&(
%E%NE
` n@=8 ]%)!)75+%.)&)%->0E42
)*")JK/8D)(&)%->70IL+-&)i&)
%->
` u>)L+&)i")%-"4.%%^%'.&)i&)%->
L+-)NJK/8D)(&)%->!1&)iu>)5K'(
%&)%->")%-"4.)*5K'(L+-&)i
0O
I7"/&)%->!.D
` d<)+2;&)%->_(&)%->
` !<_(fju‹;.t(;&)%->
` 01_[)+2;&)%->
` "5%&)%->
` r€!".*&)%->
&("/&)%->!)*0<%6)*&%"/&)
%->#Q8%9.P5"J^%;T)<%&(O<%
 3)%0<^%018)297%T%-EX
&("/&)%->O%IL.3)%A. D&(0)vU
&8&(0<&(T%-E&(0)vU&Y%N
5&(0<&(O%0<%-647%Q).3%0<9)%7`JW
<)8+01N8+01JK3%&(9)%7&(

0<y9N%-P^%#%&)%->% &%!".*
&)%-><.3)+O&(9€%Y%8&.80)
&)%->89)I%.&)%->8%-a&)%->&("/&)%->
O%IL.3)%A.!"^%%.3)!"5
` &(Y%N5!.D !"Y%=%78Y%=)8
 !"9'Q)Y%897.3N5&)%->=)8
9)%7801
` &(9)%7D.3)%78N0.%Y!M4#.3%
0<5"J^%9)'.&(+v'(O)*"% 
9)%7%1%->
` &(9€%Y%"/%6)*)%-@9)I5.%)5%Q
^%E%&)%->856%L!=^%&)i
% &)%->&(9€%Y%"/O%ID0)&)
%->8))% )&)%->8JK/^%%")8%)7%)5K'(^%%")
&(9€%Y%"/O%I0E%6)*%&% !^%9z
9)%7%%-)I%7.
j)*%-3"/&)%->%3)?)*%u
j)*+8&%!".*&)%->0ER%-P%%-)IHQ)560)2#
9)%78JW<)?)*!*%=N5 !"+3Y%
01Q)7E%3./.&%!".*&)%->
N#?)*%u0%6)*%-8'6% )7E!".*
&)%->8")9I07%-(42=)Q53?*5)&)
%->&%&8%-% >"/8!".*%%-)I9!".
%D%)2)28'6•%-)*-]q2.0O8&%%+2%-+ML
.Y%!".*&)%->#>)'L0E0x+3
+)25.5.Q)F)*0W0E8^%*%="/
&)%->%]^%-07^01@!<<<%5=37
` 8)*(#<%5=01O)2@0EL01
-•-
`7"/)28)2H@+7

`uD6@37
Dưới đây là một số Bn tức về hoạt động quản lý môi trường của một số địa điểm tại Việt
Nam thời gian gần đây:
Công tác bảo vệ môi trường LVS Cầu có nhiều chuyển biến rõ rệt
r)*9z8Œ+!5&&)%->65&0WO).3%0<
%)7%%6)*"•&%!".*&)%->65&O+I!)7G
680t!)*%%  }„%0 }
\A.?mkC
Thu gom, xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi: Vẫn ngoài tầm kiểm soát
>))8 &)#nju<)0WO!Q% %-[98O
9&h.56%%-)I9)%78JW<)8L.%Y.!.&'L+
)28!23FE)N%^+-•8)!^%Y0W"+5)L+&)i&)
%->80A'P59hA<0D"[%-64707&)5)
\A..).)C
Quản lý nước thải tại các KCN: Còn nhiều khó khăn phía trước
3)j<)%".&%@]8JK/)3Y%&)%->% .3%
0<JK/Q%")%Y%-%3)fu'.("5%n@=%<)3
&)%->\:‚CQ)0E%%3)nj;803)!)I0WH%-.0))
9OA% )3J"Q%")JK/-&)%->#fu%-2"
Qy%".Y)JK/%-)*%0I))3+
\A.u‹;C
Buộc đóng cửa mỏ sắt Phong Hanh để tránh ô nhiễm
Œ+!uL'L%vnRŽ2]O !"+2&%+%-)*F3
+*9))\}}…=-r=C9x%-(D)&)%->0O
K  h  5a%  n.  j  %3)  JW  k  18  +*  +  k
\A.c?uC
Kịch bản đối phó sóng thần ở miền Trung
j}}}>)5S%)')i%Y% 91!"0<0^%3~8•`‚0<-)%A-
.)9)8L+5O%%-2!)I&8"[%-64707!>!)I)
-e69)7<')i%Y')i-5$}†ƒ%3)r"uW)j.3%0<)$))

0.3d..%-)I9)O0<0^%85O%g9)73•
e)i%Y%6%7•)8-R%9))*
\A.AJ-A55A%C
Long An: Kiên quyết xử phạt vi phạm hành chính trong lĩnh vực môi trường
A.!..[)+2;&)%->%vb.k8%]0 07+8
 #%v0W9)I%-8JK3%)3N% U6&)%->
~01Q)%5=43%~}}%-)*0D
\A.'.5C
Hơn 850 vụ vi phạm quy định bảo vệ rừng
d<uu‹nu.!)7%83-])3"/!".*0<Y%.'W
+!.0<l)2%~8%.=J"+-ƒ•„()3+01#
uQ!".*-]"/L5"
\A..).)C
Long An: Chủ động phòng chống lũ bảo vệ lúa hè thu
A.&nHjD8nO#%1•dueJW3k\3jOCj)*+8
N+H>)'L5•50=)OQ)y-Qa%8Y0<&'L%Y
%-)=*%=02!.%-2%.%+70I!".*')*GRl)2(0&
JL%Q)8JW5S0.5K'(%-3!0)*042((.9."}}
L+9&02!.%-)*%0I042#018Q075"J^%R($
\A..-AC
Xử lý vụ việc Ban quản lý rừng phòng hộ Ayunpa để mất gần 4.000 ha rừng
 @~ 8d"/-]@<k+0I^%:}}}-]
E)'(r+7%01~ƒ†}}†r`).%-)V•}}-].'L"/807
+%.!<')*G+0W9&@-]
u+~†ƒ8? @•due%v)b)u&uP).!)7%8•due%vO/
9)7v03.‘).&%v0)%-8-•8JK/)2%A.+01#
Y%D%>)-•%-)*#%8LO)2%-)*
"/!".*-]801JK/%A.+01#Y%qd..97%"
•due%v%-Q+$}†ƒ†}ˆ
\A..-AC

Hòa Bình: Giảm 53% số vụ vi phạm quản lý, bảo vệ rừng
3)j<)197%97.3!".*-]%%-)I-]~%0 8
Q)*(•%=) #%vj@d8.!)7%8% ~%0W%
)*!a%)F8JK/‚ƒ()38)"•$…5.Q)H9z }
\A..-AC
Tuyên Quang di chuyển dân sống trong khu vực rừng phòng hộ đến nơi ở mới
’;nR.8#%1•due+*)2jO\+2rC.!)7%uM!".
*-]@<)R<0D!.'L%<;&[f&b8JW-)nR\)2
jOC018L.0>)5=8+*)2jO0%6)*'6')'L-9h)
96-]@<
\A.c?uC
Đề nghị bảo tồn rừng trắc Phú Yên
’n36`#%1•due%vnRŽ2`]v03.•duen+j@8j<)
0D9.P&*%v)28JAJV%8O/9)70=)Q)9)71#
j<)d".*%)2)2&)%->%vnRŽ2-]%-a%3)65=)d
\%&xR8JWj@f)78n+j@C./9)7%-Q+•`ƒ0I•due%vJA
JV%+7%01
\A.%.)%-AC
Phát hiện loài rắn mù kỳ lạ ở Brazil
)75U“)<56%<&%+0)*6%.k%.).0W%)*„
%I#<%.)Y%9z3'Q)0+0Y%#+0)*%-25&;'A)-[l.'.)8
d-”)uF%I+O%29.P%-A%..A)5A4
\A.9...C
Nhiều nhà hàng ở Mỹ bán súp vây cá mập quý hiếm
A.<%)2'6%-29€%Y%9)I%-euk8))=Y56%D
.0!10A'PX%>0E5K'(0I+2)*.O5)%3)
)[;€
\A.?)A%•C
Trung Quốc tăng cường xây dựng năng lực giám sát chất lượng không khí
d<d".*;&)%->-r=0L+0W%<%%))*)*% >

JL+'6 6)5%^%E9&9N8%A.0O8-r=5S%Y<%
3)5%-<9a"Q. }•
?)%-@+2#%&4% "/&)%->
^%".3%0<+.3"/0%&4j.3%0<+.3
"/&)%->)207)U68))0=)%E\
^CNY+%&4.R0'3
<NJ80+0#YY%%&4%)7%0IN503%
%-)*"
$% "/&)%->
e6.)%-@#%&40=)Q)&%"/&)%->[%-28%-[%
<%&(FN0I"/GE'F)*'3!"0DQ)'3'F)*
90I!)7R%%&4FN)R.!<"/&)%->9)I
5.%0ED%")80)IO!)70<&)%->qIJL+'60E
<%*%=%&401/(("/&)%->8.)F9)7%%6
%7&)%->")O56)I9))*%-)I9)'6)2
07


$
:
•
„
~
 d"^%01/#'F)*&)%->
nQ'F)*%%Y0E5K'(% +.3"/&)
%->O)2071%-N01/
`eF)*0)9)*%6)28%)+28&)%->8).%&8%#+
*85K'(0^%