Teaching English to Elementary Children
1. Verbal and Physical Development
- Physical Development
Typically, elementary children possess fluent and efficient motor abilities. Their
coordination (particularly eye-hand), durability, balancing, and athletic ability
vary, too.
Similarly, fine motor abilities may differ greatly. These abilities can influence a
child's ability to write legibly, dress neatly, and do specific activities, such as
making beds or washing dishes.
There will be significant variations in height, weight, and physique among
children in this age range. It is crucial to note that a child's growth may be
affected by genetics, nutrition, and activity. By age 5, the majority of children
are ready to begin schooling. The first few years are devoted to mastering the
basics.
In grade three, the emphasis grows more complicated. With this shift,
comprehension rather than word recognition becomes the primary goal of
reading. Both at school and at home, the ability to pay attention is essential to
success. A child of this age should be able to concentrate on an activity for at
least 15 minutes. By age 9, a youngster should be able to concentrate for around
one hour.
It is essential that elementary students learn how to handle failure and
frustration without losing self-respect. There are several reasons for academic
failure, including Reading disability and other learning issues, Causes of stress
like bullying, and Mental health problems include anxiousness and sadness.
- Verbal Development:
Children of elementary school age should be able to construct basic but full
sentences with an average of 5 to 7 words. During the primary school years, the
child's grammar and pronunciation become standard. As they become older,
kids start speaking in longer, more complicated phrases.
Language difficulties might be caused by hearing or cognitive issues.
Additionally, children who have difficulty expressing themselves may be more

prone to violent conduct or tantrums.


Typically, a 6-year-old youngster can obey three consecutive orders. By age 10,
most youngsters can follow five consecutive orders. Children with difficulties in
this area may try to hide it by backtalk or clowning about. Because they worry
about being taunted, kids don't often ask for assistance.
2. Use of flash cards correctly in the classroom
A flashcard is a card with words, numbers, or images that is presented (as by a
teacher to a class) as a help to learning. This medium is considered suitable for
educating young learners, beginning learners, and elementary-level students.
Because these three levels of schooling remain focused on vocabulary
expansion. Children's knowledge, comprehension, and visual memory may all
be improved with the use of flashcards. Due to children's relatively short
attention spans, flashcards make it simpler for instructors to present small
information chunks in a vivid and entertaining way.
Using flashcards, kids can develop connections. When it comes to language
learning, they can be used to match a known term with its translation in a
foreign language. Similarly, they can be used to correlate a phrase with its
corresponding mathematical or scientific notion. When you show them both the
photographs and the words, their brains create connections that allow them to
recognize the object afterward. Flashcards are an effective means of boosting a
child's learning of new concepts. Because they are so successful, the flashcard
method has grown popular in schools across the country and around the world.
Flashcards may transform the learning process into an entertaining and
engaging pastime.
Nonetheless, there are factors for teachers to consider in order to use them
effectively and productively:
- Seated comfortably in front of pupils.
- Arrange the flashcards in the presentation sequence

- Raise the flashcards card so that all kids can see them clearly. Moreover, make
sure the teacher's face should not be hidden by the flashcards.
- Require pupils to listen, teachers repeat the pronunciation of the flashcards
five times.
- Repeat pronouncing the flashcards 5 times and ask them to follow along.
- Individual and group flashcard repetition is required.


- The key is to keep flashcards enjoyable. When young learners are having so
much fun that he or she is unaware of how much they are learning, it is the ideal
type of learning.
- If a student gives the right response, place the flash card in a pile on your left.
- If pupils respond incorrectly or do not respond within three seconds, provide
the right response and return to that flashcard later.
3. Academic development
Young children enter the English classroom with a variety of challenges to
overcome in order to reach their full potential. Teachers work hard to assist all
children in utilizing their abilities and knowledge to thrive in primary school so
that they may also excel in higher education or the workplace in the future. This
is known as academic development.
Offering personalized services and activities, study sessions, language learning,
and other different learning opportunities are a few examples of how to assist
kids in their academic development. Academic growth impacts other aspects of
a person's life, including family life, job life, and the community in which they
reside. When a youngster begins to learn, he or she lays the foundation for
future achievement.
However, there are some elements that may influence the academic
development of primary school students.
- Low parental support
- Inappropriate learning styles that lead to not understanding the language

- School bullying
- Mental and physical problems
Creating an environment that stimulates learning and improves academic
achievement is mainly the responsibility of instructors.
- Provide practical activities
Incorporating many learning styles into the curriculum will encourage student
engagement. Because each student has a unique learning style, standard training
may not engage all of them. Providing hands-on learning activities and projects
will provide kids with a change of pace and promote physical activity, hence
reducing boredom and poor concentration.
- Encourage the pupils and have faith in them.


Having faith in children and providing them with assistance throughout the
school year can help raise their accomplishment levels. When kids misbehave
and cause disruptions in the classroom, it may be due to a lack of confidence
and support in their talents. Children are more likely to achieve academically if
they feel their teachers are helpful, care about their progress, and evaluate their
faults and strengths genuinely. It is simpler to sustain motivation when pupils
get sincere feedback and assistance in overcoming their shortcomings.
4. Cognitive skills development
There are 5 main cognitive skills: reading, learning, remembering, logical
reasoning, and paying attention. We may use all of these to improve our
capacity for acquiring new knowledge and growing as humans.
Children can develop cognitive abilities, such as attention, memory, and the
ability to reason, through time over a process of gradual learning and practice.
These critical abilities allow toddlers to interpret sensory information and later
learn to assess, interpret, remember, compare, and comprehend cause and
consequence. Some cognitive development is based on a child's genes, but most
cognitive abilities are acquired via experience and practice. This implies that

with repetition and the correct instruction, thinking and learning skills can be
positively affected.
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development:
Understanding the cognitive development of elementary students would help
the teacher to design better activities for improving cognitive skills.
According to Piaget, elementary learners are in The Concrete Operational Stage
of Cognitive Development. This is an important stage where kids will learn how
to think more abstractly and hypothetically. At this age, youngsters start to think
more logically about concrete and specific topics, but they still have a hard time
understanding abstract concepts. Egocentrism also starts to go down during the
concrete operational stage. Children in the stage before this one (the
preoperational stage) find it hard to see things from other people's points of
view. However, children in the concrete stage are able to do this.
In other words, children can start to think about how other people see and
experience the world. They can also start to use this kind of decision-making or
problem-solving. At the concrete-operational stage, one of the most important
things is being able to focus on many different parts of a problem. They can pay
attention to many different parts of a situation at once, which is a key part of
understanding conservation.


- Physically active learning - Get students moving
Physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive processes, including
memory. Regular exercise has been shown to have a profoundly positive effect
on cognitive performance. The most important one is that engaging in physical
activities challenges your ability to think on your feet and make rapid decisions.
Before beginning class, it is important for teachers to have their pupils engage
in some type of physical activity or brief warmup. This will ensure that their
brains remain active during the class.
- Use Brain-Training Games

It is widely accepted that games are among the most effective tools for boosting
pupils' cognitive skills. Games like crossword puzzles, sudoku puzzles and
board games encourage students to think on their feet, conduct in-depth
analyses, and make snap decisions. This is a great opportunity for teachers to
incorporate gaming into the classroom. This will help make the classes more
enjoyable and meet the intellectual demands of kids.
- Foster Students' Imagination
Students are challenged to think in new and original ways by completing
Englishcreative assignments. The result is that students are free to experiment
with their own identities. English classes involving arts and crafts are the
answer. They encourage kids to use their imaginations and express their
originality by providing a platform for doing so.
5. Activities to enhance learning
The key focus of an elementary school teacher is to motivate kids to take part in
learning activities that will most enhance their English learning. Every learning
activity should be purposeful, relevant, and applicable. Teachers might wish to
implement these kinds of activities in the classroom:
- Content Focus Activity
The term "content focus activity" refers to any activity in which students
actively interact with the material, such as listening to and/or watching a
videotaped lecture, reading or seeing a written or visual text, or interacting with
multimedia. After each 5 or 15-minute 'chunk' of knowledge, it is helpful to ask
questions, or incorporate another activity type, as this increases the likelihood
that students will recall the material.


- Interactivity Focus Activity
Every lesson should provide chances for active learning and learning activities
that encourage open dialogue and group cohesiveness (as means of promoting
social presence). Elementary school-aged kids would benefit greatly from these

kinds of educational activities.
- Production Focus Activity
When teachers want their students to really connect with the ideas and concepts
they're presenting, requiring them to create something can help. It has the
potential to promote "deep" learning.
6. Teamwork and preparation in the classroom
Teamwork is when students work with a group of different people to achieve a
certain objective. Team members know how to resolve disagreements in a
positive way, how to listen attentively and express themselves articulately, how
to work together, and how to ask for and give assistance. Working together as a
team is beneficial for children because it teaches them to appreciate and respect
the unique qualities of their peers. They gain skills in teamwork and social
negotiation as a result of this.
- Working as a team is an important life skill
Because it is such a crucial ability in adulthood, teaching students how to work
together effectively as a team is a worthy effort. Students who work together to
solve an issue have a far greater chance of success. In life, students will
encounter a wide range of challenges, some of which will require them to work
together. By working together on problems, students will develop problemsolving abilities. They'll learn to communicate clearly and listen attentively in
order to solve problems.
- Teamwork is a great learning tool for improving students' English
communication skills.
One of the keys to successful teamwork is an open and honest exchange of
information. Students will improve their communication skills as a byproduct of
developing their collaborative skills. Also, working in groups helps students
learn to be good listeners.
Students will learn to listen carefully to one another as they collaborate on
projects. They need to tune in to what their partners are saying and give them
feedback. Good team players make their teammates feel appreciated and valued



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Steps for preparing lesson plan before class:
Choose objectives for learning.
Plan learning activities
Develop a suitable schedule: Plan for a little extra time in between each
activity after you've estimated how long it will take.
● Wrap up your lesson: Check students' understanding of the material, and
use that information to shape future lessons.
7. Understanding Professor Rassias's methodology for children
The Rassias Method, often called the Dartmouth Intensive Language Model,
was created by American professor John Rassias. He attended university at
Bridgeport, earned his Ph.D. from Dijon, and continued his education and
research at the Sorbonne. For the Peace Corps, he began his career as a
language educator in 1964 when he accepted a role as Dartmouth's Director of
Language Programs. His method is meant to "make the participant feel
comfortable and natural with the language in a short amount of time." It uses
"teaching procedures and dramatic techniques that aim to get rid of inhibitions
and create an atmosphere of free expression from the first day of class." The
process broadens a person's opinion and teaches us to better interact with others
in different settings. It helps students learn how to behave, communicate, and
educate themselves within the framework of a different culture.
Educators can benefit from Rassias's methods since they allow them to focus
entirely on the topic at hand and put the young students in the spotlight. The
young student's ability to learn and grow will be stunted if they feel unsafe. In
order for students to feel at ease when expressing themselves in front of their
peers or the entire nation, they must first feel at peace within themselves. The

pace and energy in the classroom are always thanks to the teachers. The
Rassias-drill approach emphasizes repetition and manipulation to encourage the
usage of the learned language with freedom and creativity from the very first
weeks of instruction onward.
The Rassias approach encourages instructors and students to make use of their
passions and all of their senses.


8. Activity-based methodology activities for all skills
In activity-based learning, students are allowed to work on their own while
being supervised by a teacher while participating in a variety of types of active
learning. There is a greater chance for memorization and learning because of the
increased interaction. Speech, motor capabilities, social abilities, and
coordination may all be assessed using this method.
It's a fun way to learn because it keeps kids' brains growing by giving them new
things to think about and ask them to do. Exploration, experimentation, and
expression are the three main pillars of activity-based learning.
- Kinds of Activity-Based Learning
There are basically two distinct kinds of activity-based learning. studentcentered teaching, where students are the main focus. This encourages
independent study. The second form places the instructor in charge and has
them guide the student through the entire procedure.
- Activity-based learning has many advantages.
One, it fosters in them a sense of curiosity and independence. It encourages
children to develop analytical skills. They become more engaged and
enthusiastic as a result of their newly piqued interest. The children grow more
observant. The "learning by doing" approach is emphasized.
Two, it helps a person grow in their interpersonal abilities. Aside from boosting
self-assurance, this activity also strengthens students' communication abilities,
group-working skills, and cooperative skills. The kids get used to solving
problems on their own and learning to accept challenges.

Three, students are more likely to remember and retain information with
activity-based learning.
Four, to some extent, this is the most important advantage. Unlike traditional
classroom teaching, activity-based learning doesn't run the risk of students not
paying attention. The kids can't wander off since they are actively participating
in every stage.
Five, Activity-based teaching is useful to any level of the young students


As a result, activity-based learning is the optimal teaching method for reading,
writing, listening, and speaking skills, especially for young students. This
strategy has become so prevalent in English classes for children nowadays.
9. Teaching Pronunciation skill
- Using phonics to help students learn how to pronounce English words:
Phonics-based instruction is the most common and well-known approach to
improving students' command of the English language. Phonics is an approach
to teaching pronunciation in which students are taught to associate a specific
sound with each letter, vowel, and consonant. Visual phonics is a cutting-edge
method of teaching English pronunciation via the use of visual aids, including
animated texts, films, and music. Learning to pronounce in a second language
can be challenging, but visual phonics can help students absorb what they see
and hear so that they can begin to make distinctions between sounds, words, and
meanings.
- Using the different mouth positions to teach English words correctly.
Vowel phonetic symbols in English may not be present in students' home
language, thus it's crucial for them to learn them. One teacher says, 1.) Show
them what to do with their mouths to make the sound. 2.) Give them drills to
help them build muscle memory. 3.) Give them feedback along the way.
Teaching your children how to make a certain sound correctly requires showing
them where to position their tongues and lips.

10. Teaching Listening skill
- Pre-listening instruction methods for elementary learners
Pre listening
● Contextualization.
● Teach vocabulary first.
● Prediction.
● Discussion (Go into detail on the topic.)
● Games
While listening
● Comparing.
● Filling up blanks.
● Finding differences.erences.


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Choose the right answers
Transferring information.
Sequencing.
Matching.

Post listening
● Comprehension-checking questions and answers
● Summarizing.
● Following up in writing and speaking
There are three primary audio resources for the different learning styles of
young students.

- Auditory Children: Sounds of nature (rain, automobiles, trucks, animals,
vacuum cleaners, computer printers, people exercising), chants, poetry,
read-aloud tales
- Visual Children: Visual depictions such as those seen in drawings,
sketches, photographs, paintings, posters, artwork, and infographics.
- Tactile children: Toys, puppets, and real-world objects that kids can
interact with (it's vital to make sure the kid can really touch the item, not
just look at it)
11. Teaching Speaking skill
Elementary learners will probably have trouble speaking because they are
"young" and their speech tools haven't fully developed yet. In contrast to
popular belief, younger students of English as a foreign language do not go
through the language acquisition process more rapidly than their older
counterparts. But if kids start studying English as a foreign or second language
at a young age, they will have a significant edge when it comes to
pronunciation.
- Audio-Linguistic Approach (ALM)
This method is based on the idea that you can learn a language by getting used
to its patterns and making them into habits. Drilling with choral response and
dialogues are two important aspects of ALM that can be easily adapted for the
classroom of young learners.
- Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)


When students learn a language, they should be able to communicate effectively
in that language. Communicative language teaching (CLT) aims to aid in the
development of fluency in young learners. There may be times when the
language has to be modified to suit the young students' linguistic abilities. On
the other hand, youngsters may need to use a language for the task that they
have not yet acquired.

- Tongue Twisters
Use this approach to bring a playful approach to the task of teaching
pronunciation. Some sounds in English might be particularly difficult for kids to
master. Asian youngsters may have trouble pronouncing the English /r/ and /l/
since these sounds do not often appear in their original languages or are
pronounced differently. Tongue twisters are especially popular with kids
because they see it as a fun challenge to speak words and phrases
12. Teaching Reading skill
- Mark readings with notes and highlights.
Make it a habit to instruct pupils to underline and highlight key points in their
reading. Have pupils take notes on the pages they are reading to increase their
concentration and retention. Students can take notes while they read and jot
down questions they have about the text, such as seeking clarification on a
difficult term or idea.
- Customize the content
Students' comprehension improves when they make personal connections to the
information. Motivate pupils to engage in the reading topic by having them
record their own reflections on the reading. Bringing the material into context
with current events is another strategy for boosting pupils' comprehension.
- Use problem-solving skills.
Integrate learning how to solve problems in the actual world. Get your pupils to
solve the problem on paper and then discuss their thoughts in class or in small
groups.
- Increase the use of sensory input.
Improve students' understanding and retention by encouraging them to engage
more of their senses when reading. Instruct pupils to use a pen or pencil and
paper when reading so that they may make notes as they go. Students can take


turns reading aloud to the class. For the benefit of your visual students, use

projectors to lead your class and to record queries
- Make a plan to read more
Get students to take responsibility for their own learning by having them create
reading objectives. Students will be more aware of their progress and better able
to take steps to strengthen their reading abilities.
- Break up reading passage into chunks
Subdividing a lengthy or complicated text into manageable chunks might
improve comprehension and retention. Students will be better able to recall the
information spoken in class if it is broken up into shorter chunks. It can also
provide pupils the assurance they need to tackle difficult material.
13. Teaching Writing skill
- Before letting pupils write, have them discuss their thoughts in groups.
As a teaching strategy, having students discuss in groups is highly beneficial.
Listening to the perspectives of others might spark new ideas for those who are
stuck. It's helpful to have numerous youngsters in a group environment if they're
all struggling to come up with an idea.
- Offer a sentence starter to pupils.
Students who say they have no idea what to write about greatly benefit from the
use of a writing prompt or an opening sentence, which both motivates and
directs them to get started.
- Offer pupils a writing warm-up
Give children a few minutes to write freely without worrying about spelling or
grammar (for now) to stimulate their imagination
- Plan out the tasks and use visual aids.
Divide the five-paragraph essay into smaller writing assignments. Give your
pupils a visual guide to the essay's structure, breaking it down section by
section.
- Give examples of well-written pieces
Show the pupils an example of the desired outcome and explain the criteria
teachers will be using to evaluate their work.



14. Teaching Grammar skill
A major challenge in teaching grammar is the importance of doing it right.
Without a firm grounding in grammar, pupils will struggle in writing and in
developing their language skills. Grammar, including the difference between
different parts of speech and the proper use of modifiers, is something that
students acquire during the course of their formal education. As they progress
through the skills, the challenges they face will get more difficult. Some student
are visual learners, while others prefer aural or tactile ones. Therefore, English
grammar instruction should include a wide range of strategies.
- Teaching grammar in context
Grammar is taught to children through explicit instruction. A grammatical aim
is presented to the class as a whole, with the instructor providing an
explanation, examples, and rules. Utilizing technological aids during this stage
of teaching can help students learn more efficiently.
- Including Visual aids
Visual aids is a great chance to show the grammar teaching content to students.
Also, they could be used to demonstrate common grammatical errors in writing
and teach kids how to edit their work before submitting it.
- Free Writing
Children can improve their proficiency in the language by writing with an
understanding of proper grammatical structure. The instructor can provide
individualized corrections for grammatical faults in more casual writing, such as
student diaries. Providing writing assignments with general guidelines for
developing a certain skill or guiding pupils toward a certain goal.

15. Lesson Planning
“Lesson planning is the art of combining a number of different elements into a
coherent whole so that a lesson has an identity.” (Jeremy Harmer)

Planning a lesson involves choosing and preparing a sequence of tasks to be
completed by students during a given timeline.


- Effective Lesson Plans as Routine Sequence
Plans for instruction can also be seen as a series of actions to be taken in the
classroom. Instructors rely on routines to make some aspects of their lessons
more automatic. In doing so, they are able to save their working memory for the
more challenging aspects of teaching.
- Visualizing the lesson is a good way to teach it.
Before entering the classroom, teachers may do well to practice the lecture
several times in their minds. This will have the dual benefit of helping them
both prepare for any issues they could have while teaching the lesson and select
the most effective steps to take before those challenges even arise.
Therefore, it is reasonable to define lesson preparation as the educator's ability
to imagine and predict the process of delivering the lesson.
16. Philosophy of Teaching
To me, learning is about more than filling one's head with facts and figures; it
has the power to transform one's entire life.
Being a teacher is both a noble and challenging responsibility. For me, being a
teacher means having the ability to transfer information to students. While it is
my role to lead by example and provide students with the resources they need to
succeed, it is also their duty to put what they have learned into practice.
I engage the students by including activities that speak to their interests and
experiences; I also frequently bring up a topic of broad interest to appeal to their
innate desire. Lessons are well-paced since I plan them out in advance. When
the lesson plan needs to be modified, I have found that having some
supplementary activities planned in advance helps.
It is my goal to inspire and motivate my students in the classroom. I strive to
make each and every one of my students' classroom hours a memorable and

stimulating experience, full of new information, inspiration, and difficulty. I try
to imagine what it's like to be a student and evaluate the tasks from their
perspective. Since I am a second-language English learner, I am able to foresee
many potential snags in the process. I make sure I keep my skills sharp by
joining professional groups and going to conventions and seminars geared
toward my field. I keep up with what's going on in the field of ESL/EFL studies.
I've found that kids respond positively to educators who are both passionate
about their subject matter and open to new ideas and perspectives.


17. Music and song used appropriately in the classroom
When incorporating music into a classroom setting, one of the trickiest tasks is
choosing the appropriate song. The following are some considerations for
educators to make when selecting an appropriate tune.
- Think about the English level of students in the classes.
The classé level will not only dictate which songs may be used but also which
other activities, such as games or written exercises, can be incorporated into the
lesson plan. Fast-delivered lyrics, for example, will drive students at lower
levels crazy, while basic, repetitive songs may bore students at higher levels.
- Taking elementary students' ages into account
Teachers working with this population should focus on selecting songs that are
very repetitious and simple in their lyrics.
18. Drama used appropriately in the classroom
Incorporating class plays and other dramatic exercises into the ESL curriculum
will serve as warm-ups and skill-builders for students.
- Warm-ups
Teachers working on a play with their students might utilize daily warm-ups to
study lines by performing short scenes or reciting individual words.
- Great activities for reading, vocabulary, and grammar learning
Students need to read the lines, understand the content, and recognize the

vocabulary and language structures before they can begin to remember them for
a skit or play. This is a fantastic first step into a foreign language. Teachers may
help students learn the proper pronunciation of new terms by having them look
them up online and practice their use. Keep in mind that they may need time to
ask clarifying questions regarding the material or any unfamiliar grammar.
- Improving Memory Retention
Students benefit greatly from repeated exposure to a word or phrase. We adults
may find it tiresome to hear pupils recite the same lines over and over again, but
the more proficient they become at memorizing their lines, the more eager they
will be to do so.


- English Fluency Practice
Students can improve their English fluency by repeating and practicing the lines
and by playing around with the language.
- Writing Practice
If teaching an intermediate or advanced level class, teachers may assign the
students the task of writing their own play. Students may gain a lot from
projects that require them to collaborate and use their imaginations and creative
skills.
19. Using worksheets in the elementary classroom
It's important to keep in mind the following while choosing or creating a
worksheet. A worksheet should - Be clear
● Have clearly labeled questions/tasks with numbers or letters (so they can
be easily referred to orally during feedback or answers)
●

Be straightforward and fit for purpose Be appropriate to the age, level,
and ability of the students


● Can be typed (and stored) on a computer and thus can be edited and
printed next time
● Has images sparingly and only where necessary
● Has sufficiently wide margins to prevent edges from being cut off when
photocopying
● Has a descriptive title at the top and a space for the student's name
● Gives students sufficient space to write their answers
● Provides straightforward, easy-to-understand directions

20. Approaches and Methods in the Elementary classroom
- Communicative language teaching (CLT)
In terms of current strategies for teaching English as a second language, the
communicative approach is likely at the top of the list. CLT teaches students to
communicate effectively in a variety of situations, including making requests,
giving explanations, and sharing their thoughts and preferences. It concentrates


on teaching the language through authentic tasks and problem-solving. CLT
focuses less on grammatical correctness and more on fostering fluency.
- Task-based approach
Although this approach sometimes falls under the umbrella of CLT, the focus is
completely on the student's self-determination and individuality. Elementary
students will be more invested in their work and more motivated to study if they
are given more responsibility for determining their own learning by asking and
answering their own questions rather than depending only on the teacher.
- Total Physical Response(TPR)
Physically responding to the language is the most effective method of learning
the target language. Using TPR is common practice when instructing English to
low-level elementary school children. It not only aids with vocabulary retention
but also gives the children a way to burn off excess energy and maintain

concentration during lengthy sitting times.
- Eclectic approach
It's a great way to supplement one type of instruction with another. This method
enhances the class' flexibility and makes learning more engaging.
21. Behavior management in the classroom
- Teachers act as role models
Take the time to model the kind of conduct you hope your pupils would adopt,
since this strategy has been shown to be highly beneficial in the classroom. - Have the children participate in the rule-making process.
When students are involved in establishing classroom norms and expectations,
teachers are more likely to get their cooperation than when they are simply told
what is not permitted.
- Avoid harsh punishments
Instead of scolding the entire class for a few kids' misbehaviors, focus on
helping those students who are disrupting the learning environment
individually.
Instead, use a welcoming tone to point out individual kids
A teacher may maintain a positive attitude while still calling out bad behavior
with this simple method.


- Praise is highly recommended
According to a recent analysis and study, kids' academic and behavioral
performance increases when they are praised for their efforts.
Praise can motivate the class and boost a student's self-esteem when it is sincere
and uses specific examples of effort or success. Importantly, it motivates pupils
to keep up their good work.
22. Understanding students learning needs
● First and foremost, students need fun activities so as to effectively learn
English
● Students should be treated respectfully and fairly at all times, just as they

would be in any other classroom setting.
● As students learn, they hope that their teacher will pay close attention to
how they are progressing in everyday English communication and
response skills.
● Students should feel confident in their abilities, vocabulary, and grammar
at the conclusion of the course.
● Students must have more confidence in speaking English.
● Their learning styles should be recognized by teachers for more effective
activities
● Not only do they need a lot of academic support but they also love to
receive mental support, encouragement, and praise from teachers

LESSON PLAN


Topic: Transportation
Level: Beginner
Age: 6
Length: 45 minutes
Language Skills: Vocabulary, Pronunciation, Speaking,
Listening, Writing…
TESOL Methodology: Total Physical Response Approach,
Task-Based Approach, Eclectic Approach.

Lesson objectives:

By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to
pronounce and write train, bus, car, and bike.
“I go to school by...”


Resources:

Flashcards, a white board, markers, a worksheet,
stickers, and a speaker

Stage

Activity

Description

Resource

Timin
g

Warm up

Transitio
n into an

Vehicles song

Speaker

3


English
learning

environm
ent

https://

minute

www.yout s
ube.com/
watch?
v=tVlcKp
3bWH8
https://
www.yout
ube.com/
watch?
v=66Ce3il
cAz4

Pre-task

Introduce the

- Showing the

upcoming

flashcards of

lesson theme


transportation:

Flashcards 30 sec

train, bus, car,
bike

Teaching 1

Teach

Step 1: Show the

1.Train

flashcard and

minute

attract the

s

2.Bus

student’s attention

3.Car


(facial expression,

4.Bike

scary noise, etc.).
Step 2: The
student listens to

Flashcards 7