TS. NGUYEN THI VIET NGA

GIAO TRINH

TIENG ANH

|

CHUYEN NGANH |
QUAN HE QUOC TE

cổ

me]

co

aan

x

5

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIÁ HÀ NỘI


GIÁO TRÌNH

TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ
KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC, VIẾT

TS. NGUYEN THI VIET NGA

GIAO TRINH
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ
KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC, VIẾT

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI


Chủ biên: TS. Nguyễn Thị Việt Nga
Tham gia biên soạn:
TS. Vũ Phương Anh
ThS. Chu Thị Bích Liên

ThS. Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
ThS. Trương Thủy Chung
ThS. Hoàng Thị Minh Ánh

ThS. Dé Thu Trang


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Infr0(U0fÏ0I.........................---

nhá

H0

HH


Hot 9

Guidelines for Readling.....................................
--:
nhe
13
Guidelines for Wrifin.....................................--- cà nhe
18
UNIT 1:

Sample unit with guidelines: US - China Trade War......................... 22

UNIT 2:

Indonesia CleCtions ................................. --------:---c+cseeeeirire 40

UNIT3:

Anti-immigrant politics 0...

UNIT 4:

Brexit..................................................
Ăn
re
60

UNIT 5:


International Labour Organizafion................................----------c<+-<>z+<+2 69

UNIT 6:

Promofing cultures in Palestine...................................- ---------5-<<<<<<5s2 77

UNIT 7:

Peace talks.........................................--c2 nghe
89

Unit8:

World Bank...................................--con
rh 98

UNIT 9:

World's most trafficked mammal....................... .----:------- -+©<+<<++ 107

ee eee teeter crete ceieeisscnnereren
essen 49

UNIT 10: India’s elecfionns..............................
c2.
ke 116
UNIT 11: English test cheating in ÙK.....................................--- ---¿ 55555 +s<>+cxsze+ 125
UNIT 12: Ôyber S6CUIify............................---cà nành
rệt 185
UNIT 13: Digital media....................................

. - -- - SG S3 St
148
UNIT 14: Notre Dame Cathedral: symbol Of Paris ....................................---- 158
UNIT 15: Terrorism................................ ngà

REFERENGES.........................................

nong

167

at 178


MAP OF THE UNITS
max.
Unit 1
Sample unit
- Choose the best answer
- Paraphrasing
with

oe cn

-China
Trade
War

- Matching information


- True/False/Not given
;

- Answer the questions

- Describing a bar chart

- Write a summary
se

- Writing an essay

- Gap-filling
Unit2 | Indonesia

Elections

- Choose the best answer

- Matching information
- True or False

- Answer the questions

- Write a summary

- Describe pie charts
- Choose

among


some

topics to write an essay

- Gap-filling
Unit3 | Anti-immigrant | - True or False

politics

Unit4 | Brexit

~ Matching information

- Write a summary

- Describe pie charts

- Answer the questions
- Describe a bar chart
- Choose the best answer - |.-. Choose among. some
- Gap-filling
| topics to write:a reflection. -

Choose the best answer
Matching information
True/False/Not given
Answer the questions

- Write a summary

~ Describe a bar chart
- Choose among some
topics to write a reflection

- Gap-filling
Unit 5

International

Labour
Organization

Unit6 | Promoting

cultures in

Palestine

Unit7

| Peace talks

Unit 8 | World Bank

- Choose the best answer

- Answer the questions
- True/False/Not given

-- Matching

Gap-fllng information

- Describe: pie charts

~ | - Write as
oh
among some

_| topics
peor
Digs to. write
SN nhổ an essay
oes

- Choose the best answer

- Describe a bar chart

- Yes/No/Not given

- Choose

- Matching information

- Answer the questions

- Paraphrasing

among


some

topics to write an essay

- Gap-filling

- Write a reflection

-

- Write a summary
- Paraphrasing
~ Describe.a line graph
- Choose among some
topics to write an essay.

True/False/Not given
Choose the best answer
Matching information
Answer the questions
Gap-filling

_- Write a reflection

- Choose the best answer
- Matching information
- True/False/Not given

- Paraphrasing
- Describe a line graph

- Write a summary

- Answer the questions

- Write a reflection

- Gap-filling


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH 0UAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...
Unit9 | World's most

trafficked
mammal

- Choose the best answer

- Write a summary

- Answer the questions
- Matching information
- Gap-filling

- Describe a bar chart
- Write a reflection

- True/False/Not given

Unit 10 | India’s election | - Choose the best answer
- Matching information

- True/False/Not given

- Answer the questions
- Gap-filling

Unit 11 | English test

7

- Paraphrasing

- Paraphrasing
- Describe a bar graph
- Choose among some

topics to write an essay
- Write a reflection

- Choose the best answer

- Paraphrasing

- True/False/Not given

- Complete information in

cheating in UK | - Matching information

- Answer the questions
- Gap-filling


- Write a summary

a bar chart

- Write an essay
- Choose among some
topics to write a reflection

Unit 12 | Cyber security | -

True/False/Not given
Matching information
Choose the best answer
Gap-filling

- Write a summary
- Describe a table
- Paraphrasing
- Choose among some
topics to write an essay

Unit 13 | Digital Media

Choose the best answer
True/False/Not given
Answer the questions
Matching information
Gap-filling


- Write a summary
- Describe a pie chart
- Describe a bar chart
- Ghoose among some
topics to write a reflection

Unit 14 | Notre Dame
Cathedral -

-

- Choose the best answer
_ | - Yes/No/Not given

symbol of Paris | _ \jatching information

Unit 15 | Terrorism

- Write a summary
- Describe bar charts

- Choose

among

some

- Answer the questions

topics to write an essay


- Gap-filling

- Choose among some
topics to write a reflection

-

- Paraphrasing
- Write a summary
- Describe a bar chart

Matching Headings
Choose the best answer
Matching information
True/False/Not given
Answer the questions
Gap-filling

- Describe a line chart

- Choose among some
topics to write an essay


INTRODUCTION

©

COURSE SUMMARY

This course entails 45 periods of off-line Scheduled Teaching.

Moreover, students are required to spend the same amount of time for
Independent Study.
It is designed to help students majoring in International Affairs to
gain understanding about current international issues, relations among

nations in the world and developments of the international situation.
The course will be divided into two blocks, namely Reading and
Writing.

The first part, Reading, uses authentic materials from updated
international news on widely-known rources such as CNN, BBC
News,

Reuters, The Times,

The

Guardian....

to increase students’

competence in reading comprehension skills while introducing them

to key terms in international issues. Students will apply a wide range
of reading comprehension skills to do the exercises self-designed by
the book authors. All the news items are carefully chosen to focus on
the most recent international development.
In


the

second

part,

Writing,

the

exercises

are

designed

to

appropriately match the information from the previously-given texts.
Students learn how to paraphrase or summarize information from the

news as well as how to describe a chart/a table. They are also required to
express their ideas about an international issue mentioned in the news.
©

WHO

IS THIS BOOK AIMED AT?


This book is aimed at third-year students at Faculty of International
Affairs. After 4 modules of General English as prerequisites, they go on


10

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

with 3 modules for ESP (English for Specific Purpose). This book is the
first one

among

a series

of English

coursebooks

for International

Affairs

©

LEARNING OUTCOMES
On completion of this course the successful students will be able to:

1.


Understand and memorize a range of words and expressions in
the field of international affairs

2.

Identify and use appropriate techniques in reading comprehension
skills and writing skills to complete exercises

3.

Review and present arguments on international issues

©

WHAT ARE THE AIMS OF THIS BOOK?

1.

To provide students with information about international issues

2.

To enhance

students’ reading comprehension skills and writing skills

3.

To


students

enable

to identify,

discuss,

review

and

evaluate

contemporary international issues.
©

HOW IS THIS BOOK DIFFERENT FROM OTHER BOOKS?
This book is for neither testing preparation nor practising General

English. It focuses on English for International Affairs. However, as it
is the first one among a series of three ESP books for International
Affairs, it should serve as a smooth transition from General English to
ESP. To some extent it seems similar to other books of General English,

but it also reflects big differences, which are pointed out below.
As for the Reading part, the uniqueness is shown in the reading
comprehension

exercises


to help

readers

understand

international

news, providing them with the knowledge about international issues.
All reading comprehension questions are designed by teachers basing


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

11

on popular types of reading exercises such as Multiple choice, Answer

the question, Matching, Gap-filling, etc...
As for Writing, the book contains writing tasks related to the
news in the reading part. Apart from focusing on enhancing writing

skills such as summarizing or paraphrasing, students are also required
to write their reflection on the news or to write an essay on a topic of
international issues. In this way, they can develop the ability to
evaluate and review international issues.
©

ASSESSMENT OUTLINE


This course will be delivered on a weekly basis in such a way that
it enhances the students’ involvement and classroom experience.

Moreover, the lecturers are expected to collaborate other learning
resources or use parts of the exercises as homework to enable students
to engage effectively in self-supported study. Students need to practise
outside the classroom by way of independent study.
Students

may

be

asked

to have

preparatory

work

including

reading and short exercises.
Formative Assessment will be embedded in the delivery of
teaching, with wide range of opportunities for feedbacks on student
work in process.
No


Assessment outline

Assessment
scheme

1 | Learning attitude

2
3

Students’ attitude during learning process can be
assessed by teachers’ classroom observation, e.g.
percentage of attendance, class participation and
engagement, class preparation....

10%

Midterm- test
Students do both Reading and Writing exercises

30%

Written Final Test

60%

Students do both Reading and Writing exercises

°


°


12

©

GIAO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH HUN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

LEARNING MATERIALS
- Course textbook

- Recommended readings:
e CNN
e Reuters
e The New York Times
e The Guardians
e BBC News
e ABC News


GUIDELINES FOR READING
Students have to read a news item extracted from a newspaper
and answer reading comprehension questions. There are totally 25
questions for each Reading section. Students will be asked 4-5
different types of question in any section.
©

OVERVIEW OF READING TASK TYPES
Task type


What do I have to do?

1. Multiple choice/Choose
the best answer

+ Choose one answer from alternatives A-D.
- Choose two answers from alternatives A-E.
- Choose three answers from alternatives A-G.

2. Identifying information

Say whether
a statement
confirms
the
information in the text (True) or contradicts the
information in the text (False) or there is no

(T/F/NG)

3. Identifying the writer's
views/ claims (Y/N/NG)

information (Not Given)
Say whether a statement

agrees

with


the

author’s claims or views (Yes), disagrees with
the author’s views/claims (No) or whether
there is no information on this (Not Given).

4. Matching information

Match information to a paragraph in the text.

5. Matching headings

Match a heading from a list of possible answers to
the correct paragraph or section of the text.

6. Matching features

Match a list of statements to a list of possible
answers in a box (e.g. specific people or dates),

7. Matching sentence
endings

Complete a sentence by choosing a suitable
ending from a box of possible answers.

8. Sentence completion

Complete a sentence with suitable words from

the text (sentences may be either in the same
context or a new context)

9. Notes/summary/table/
flowchart completion

Complete notes/a summary/a table/flow-chart
with a suitable word (or words) from a text.

10. Short answer questions

Answer questions using words from the text


14

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH PHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

The instructions and the questions will tell you what type of
information you need to locate in the news, and the type of answer

you need

to write.

Carefully

follow

all of the


instructions

and

remember the reading strategies given in the next parts.

Note: Always read the questions before reading the text.

©
1.

SKIMMING AND SPEED READING
Skimming a passage means reading it quickly (concentrating on
content words, like nouns and verbs) to find the main points.

Skimming a text will also give you a general idea of how the
information is organised, which can help you locate information more
easily later on.
For example:
Skim the following news to get the general idea of what it is about.
Australians are voting in the first general election since political
infighting ousted the nation's fourth leader in a decade.

PM

Scott

Morrison


says

he

has

united

his

conservative

government in the nine months since he replaced Malcolm Turnbull.

But Labor opposition leader Bill Shorten has pressed his case
with stark policy alternatives.

Australia

has

mandatory

voting and

a record

16.4

million


enrolled voters.
Both leaders were out early at polling booths on Saturday, in a
last-ditch pitch for votes.
( />
Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Australia has a new leader
B. Australians are voting for a new leader
C. Labour party is going to manage the government
D. PM Scott Morrison is a member of conservation party


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

15

The correct answer is B, which gives the most general idea of the
whole passage. A and B are incorrect and D is too detailed.
2.

Skim reading a passage
writer’s attitude.

can also

give you

a sense


of the

For example, read the news below and answer the question.
NEW DELHI (Reuters) - The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has
one unwanted lead in this month’s general election race - according
to data from an electoral watchdog it is fielding the most candidates
among the major parties who are facing criminal charges. Its main
rival, Congress, is just a step behind.
Election laws allow such candidates to run so long as they have
not been convicted, on grounds both of fairness and because India’s
criminal justice system moves so slowly that trials can take years, or
even decades, to be resolved.
Still, the number of such candidates accused of offences ranging
jrom murder to rioting has been rising with each election.
( />lawbreakers-to-lawmakers-the-criminal-candidates-standing-in-indiaselection-idUSKCN1ISOOLF)

Question: Which statement describes the writer’s tone in this passage?
A. He feels interested in the situation
B. He feels enthusiastic about the situation
C. He is worried about the situation
D. He is shocked about the situation
The correct answer is C, with evidences from three sentences:
“Its main rival, Congress, is just a step behind”, “India’s criminal
justice system moves so Slowly that trials can take years, or even
decades,

to

be


resolved”,

“Still,

the

number

of such

candidates

accused of offences ranging from murder to rioting has been rising
with each election”.


16

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TE...

©

SCANNING FOR DETAILS

Scanning means searching a text quickly for a specific piece of
information, normally it works with numbers, persons or words.
For example: Match columns A and B basing on the information
from the following news.
Labor has accused the Liberal Party of deliberately using the
official colours of the Australian Electoral Commission to mislead

Chinese-speaking voters in a marginal seat, despite the AEC stating
the posters are within the laws.
The posters, which were written in Mandarin and have appeared
at booths in the Melbourne seat of Chisholm, state the "correct" way

to vote is to preference the Liberal candidate first.
One poster seen by the ABC at the Burwood East Primary School

polling booth was printed in the purple and white colours of the AEC
and tied to a fence next to an official AEC voting banner.
(ips: ‘//www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-18/federal-election-2019-chisholm-

labor-lodges-aec-poster-complaint/11126232)
Questions 1-3: Match the correct parts of sentences in column B
with their first part in column A
A
1. Liberal Party

B
A. has its own voting banner.

2. Australian Electoral Commission | B. had a printed poster tied to its
fence.
3. Burwood East Primary School

C. had

a poster printed in English

which contained purple and white

colours.

D. used posters to instruct voters to
vote.

E, agrees that the posters are illegal.
F. is accused of using the posters.


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

17

To do this kind of exercise, readers need to focus on names in
column A and identify them in the news, then read all information
related to the given names.
This exercise becomes harder with more options in column B for
readers to choose (6 options for only 3 questions), so they are likely to
be mistaken with more than one related information for each person in
column A. They need to read carefully to decide which one is better.
The correct anwer for number 1 is D. Readers may make
mistakes by choosing F. In fact, the news says Labour party accuses
Liberal Party not for using the posters in the voting campaign, but for
using it in a mis-leading way.
The correct answer for number 2 is A, inferring from the phrase
“next to an official AEC voting banner”, which means AEC has its
own voting banner.
The correct answer for number 3 is B, basing on information

from the sentence “One poster seen by the ABC at the Burwood East

Primary School polling booth was printed in the purple and white
colours of the AEC and tied to a fence”. It may be mistaken with
option C, but the posters are in Mandarin, not in English.


GUIDELINES FOR WRITING
Students have to complete some writing tasks, all of which relate

to the news in the Reading part. The number of writing tasks for each
unit ranges from 3-5.
©

OVERVIEW OF WRITING TASK TYPES
Task type

What do I have to do?

1. Paraphrasing

Use your own words to express the same
ideas as in the original version

2. Summarizing

- Identify the main idea of the news or some
passages in the news
- Restate the ideas in your own words

3. Describe a chart/graph | - Use comparisons


- Describe the most striking features

4. Writing a reflection

- Review ideas or give personal opinions on
information from the news

5, Writing an essay

- Present your arguments on a given topic
- Give evidences for your arguments

©

PARAPHRASING

“To paraphrase is to restate a text or passage in a way you can
easily understand. Paraphrasing is a way of saying or writing
something that has been said before, but in your own words. You are
keeping the meaning of what has been written or said, but expressing
it in a different, clearer way” (Mintzer, 2005, p.17)
In order to paraphrase a sentence, you first need to understand the
original one. A good paraphrase should bring out more clearly, if
possible, the meaning of the sentence.
Paraphrasing is definitely unlike quoting where you
someone else’s exact words and put them in quotation marks.

copy



GIAO TRINH TIENG ANH PHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

19

How to paraphrase:

- Read the passage several times to fully understand the meaning
- Use as many synonyms as possible
- Change

the sentence

structure (e.g., from

active to passive

voice, or by breaking the information into separate sentences)

©

SUMMARIZING

Writing a summary is a great way to check whether students
understand the texts or not. “The point of writing a summary is to

reduce a text to its most essential information. In a summary, brevity
is usually achieved through carefuly selecting your content and
words” (Wilhoit, 2000, p.72)
“Summarizing


a reading

involves two

separate processes:

(1)

identifying the important material in the text and (2) restating the
material in your own words” (Wilhoit,.2000, p.69)

Therefore, summarizing means short retelling of a longer written
passage. A summary should contain only the main idea and the
supporting ideas of a passage. Here are some strategies to have a good

summary:

~ read a passage thoroughly
~ identify the main ideas and supporting ideas
- be sure to use your own words, do not plagiarize the original passage.
- pay attention to word limit. A longer paragraph requires a
longer summary but generally in this course, students are required to

make a summary ranging from 100 to 150 words for a news item.

- Do not include your opinions or analysis of the author's writing.
©

DESCRIBING A CHART/GRAPH/TABLE
At a glance, this exercise is similar to Task 1 in an IELTS writing


test. However, this course is not aimed at preparing students for any
kind

of tests.

Its purpose,

as

stated

earlier,

is to help

students


20

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

memorize words and expressions, review and present arguments on

international issues.
Therefore,
strategies

as


students
in

doing

are
an

not

required

IELTS

writing

to
task

follow
1.

exactly
Some

the

general


suggestions are as follows:
- In terms of structure, you should divide your writing into 3-4
paragraphs.
- The first paragraph should be an introductory one with such

expresssions as:
The table shows/illustrates the trends in .... between ......
The graph compares..... between....and.....
The chart shows how the ... have changed .....
~ You should use comparisons: “the same as’, as ....aS, more...
than while describing.
- You do not need to describe every detail, just describe the most
striking characteristics.
- You should add linkers to enhance cohesion and coherence: in

addition, furthermore, however, although....
©

WRITING A REFLECTION
A reflection is aimed at showing your opinion on what you think

about the chosen topic. Even though it focuses on personal opinions, it
is advisable that students cite abundant resources to back up their
points.
A reflection paper does not need to explore the topic from all
angles. Students may take one piece of information or one statement

and express their viewpoints.
Before writing, make sure you spend enough time reflecting on
your thoughts on the topic.



GIAO TRINH TIENG ANH CHUYEN NGANH QUAN HE QUGC TE...

?1

- The introductory paragraph needs to contain a thesis statement
which clearly states your point of view, e.g, J completely support the
policy of Australian Prime Minister...
- The body should explain your thesis, discuss your personal
experience related to the topic. You can cite resources or quote
statements from experts to support your views.
- In the conclusion, wrap up your reflection with your overall
response to the chosen topic.
©

WRITING AN ESSAY

In this exercise, students are required to present their arguments
on a given topic.
- Identify the question type, then identify the keywords in the
question to figure out exactly what topic you are going to deal with in
the question.
- Make an outline by listing your main ideas and supporting
ideas. Planning helps you organise your ideas and structure before you
write, saving you time and helping you write a more organized essay.
- Your thesis statement tells the reader the point of your essay. It
should contain two parts: the first part states the topic, and the second
part states the essay’s main points.
- The body

Each main idea
separate section
same structure:
supporting these

of your essay argues, explains or describes your topic.
that you write in your outline can be developed into a
within the body. Each body paragraph can follow the
starting by presenting one of your main ideas and
with explanations and relevant examples.

- The conclusion brings closure of the topic and sums up your
overall ideas while providing a final perspective on your topic. You
simply need to review your main points and provide reinforcement for

_ your thesis.


UNIT 1
SAMPLE UNIT WITH GUIDELINES:
US - CHINA TRADE WAR
News: US-China trade war: What is President Trump's strategy?
Donald Trump's book The Art of the Deal could give you some
insight into how he is negotiating with China amid the current trade war.
One of his business philosophies is called negative thinking anticipating the worst outcome, and preparing for it.

"I always go into the deal anticipating the worst," he writes. "If
you plan for the worst - if you can live with the worst - the good will
always take care of itself."
But is the US really prepared for the absolute worst China could do?


In a clip from China Central Television, that's now gone viral on
Chinese social media, anti-US sentiment appears to be at a peak.

"China is not willing, but not afraid, to fight", says the presenter.
"After 5,000 years of winds and storms - what kind of hardship has the
great Chinese nation not weathered?"

Looking even further back in China's history, perhaps Beijing is
taking a page out of China's ancient strategic manual The Art of War.
As author

Sun Tzu advises:

"If your opponent is of choleric

temperament, seek to irritate him".
Here's

what

could

China

do

to

"irritate"


President

Trump's

arguably "choleric temperament" in this trade war.
Sell US government bonds
China is the biggest foreign holder of US
known

as

Treasuries,

but

in March stepped

up

government

bonds,

its sale

of these


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...


23

bonds to the quickest pace in two and a half years - according to data
from the US Treasury department.
And Beijing could keep doing this - although it would come at
a cost.

Hu Xijin, editor in chief of the Global Times which is published
by the Communist Party's official mouthpiece the People's Daily, has

tweeted: "China may stop purchasing US agricultural products and
energy, reduce Boeing orders and restrict US service trade with China.
Many Chinese scholars are discussing the possibility of dumping US
Treasuries and how to do it specifically."
But analysts say doing that would actually hurt China more.
In simple terms, if Beijing sold US Treasuries then it would drive
down the US

dollar - and that could potentially destabilise the US

economy.
But that wouldn't be good for China in the long term. It needs a

stable global economy as its economy weakens - so hurting the US in
this way would, in effect, hurt China too.

Selling US

Treasuries would also devalue China's holdings -


effectively becoming an own goal.
Weaken the value of the yuan
China's currency is controlled, which means it's not freely traded.
The central bank guides where the midpoint of the currency should be
and then it trades within a narrow band around that midpoint.
It has already lowered it in recent days, which analysts say is a

signal to the market that China is willing to use the currency as a tool
to offset the impact of US tariffs.
The weaker the Chinese currency, the less expensive its goods are

in the US. In theory, this means more people will buy them, and
Chinese companies won't suffer as much.


24

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

But the downside is that China's imports will become more
expensive too - which will affect goods such as oil, and other raw
materials that it needs to keep its economy

chugging

along. It's a

delicate balance - and a tough position to be in.
Clamp down on foreign investment

This is one area where China could really tighten the screws on
the US.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a key factor driving
China's economic growth - and it's also reaped dividends for the
foreign

companies

investing

in

China,

despite

the

challenging

business environment.
However, Beijing could decide to make the environment even tougher.
In 2018, China was the second largest recipient of FDI in the
world and a large chunk of that money came from the US, even as the
trade war between the two intensified.
However,

according to reports, China's National Development


and Reform Council - the country's central planning agency has taken
over the responsibility of deciding who will be allowed to invest in the
country based on national security criteria.
That's

an

important

move,

because

now

the

council

is the

equivalent in some respects of the Committee for Foreign Investment
in the United States (CFIUS) - the entity tasked with evaluating which
companies are security risks and which aren't.
Beijing will see the latest US moves to keep Huawei out of its
markets as discriminatory - and could make it harder for American
companies to get licences to operate in China, target the buying of

American products as being anti-patriotic, and hold up goods at ports
and customs.


China has consistently said it doesn't want to fight - it says it's
being forced into a corner by the US.


GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...

28

In fact even if you drill down into the $60bn-worth of US goods
that Beijing raised tariffs on this week in retaliation, the scale of the

tariff increase is less than what's being reported, according to Vinesh
Motwani of Silk Road Research.

In December, China suspended retaliatory tariffs on vehicles and
auto parts, and that suspension has remained in place.
Analysts say this signals that Beijing wants to show some good

faith in the lead up to the meeting between the two leaders at the G20
in Japan in June.

Still, Sun Tzu's Art of War prescribes: "Let your plans be dark and
impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt."

Perhaps - if those talks in June don't go well - China is leaving
room for itself to apply further pressure in the future.
(Source: />
A paRT


1: READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-5: Choose the best anwer
To do this exercise, you should:
- Read the question and identify the key words. You need to fully
understand the question before answering it.
- Read

every

answer

option before

choosing

a final answer.

While reviewing all of the answer options, identify their key words.

- Eliminate wrong answers: Eliminate answer options which
you're completely sure to be incorrect, then focus on the remaining
answers and select the answer you believe to be correct. This strategy
not only saves time but also greatly increases your chances of
selecting the correct answer.
- Select the best answer: It's important to select the best answer to
the question being asked, not just an answer that seems correct. Often
many answers will seem correct, but there is typically a best answer to

the question that you need to look for.



26

GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ...
- Answer

the easier questions first: If you're having difficulty

answering a question, move on and come back to tackle it once you've
answered all the questions you know.
question

first

can

offer

you

Sometimes

insight

into

answering easier

answering


the

more

challenging questions.
- Be careful with "All of the above" and "None of the above".
When you encounter "All of the above"

and "None

of the above"

answer choices, do not select "All of the above" if you are pretty sure
any

of the

answers

provided

is incorrect.

Similarly,

if you

are


confident that at least one of the answer choices is true, don’t choose
"None of the above"
- Make a wise guess: If you are unable to find out the best choice
and you have run out of time, make a guess for any question you're
unsure about.
Now apply these techniques to do the following exercise:
1. What is mentioned about Donald Trump’s book The art of the Deal?
A.

He wrote it while he was negotiating with China during the
trade war

B.

He stated his philosophies of positive thinking in the book

C.

He admitted that he always prepared for the worst during the deal

D.

He

ee he gained good achievements during the deal

The correct answer is C, inferring from the sentence “"J always
go into the deal anticipating the worst," he writes and "If you plan for
the worst - if you can live with the worst - the good will always take
care of itself." Option A is incorrect because the news does not tell


when he wrote the book. Sentence B is wrong as the news mentions
his business philosophies as negative thinking, not positive thinking.
Also, option D talks about his good achievements, which was not
mentioned in the passage.