BRITISH STANDARD

Safety of machinery —
Indication, marking
and actuation —
Part 3: Requirements for the location
and operation of actuators

ICS 13.110; 29.020

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BS EN
61310-3:2008


BS EN 61310-3:2008

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61310-3:2008. It is
identical to IEC 61310-3:2007. It supersedes BS EN 61310-3:1999 which is
withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
GEL/44, Safety of machinery — Electrotechnical aspects.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee
on 28 February 2009

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date

Comments

© BSI 2009

ISBN 978 0 580 54539 9

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 61310-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2008

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.110

Supersedes EN 61310-3:1999


English version

Safety of machinery Indication, marking and actuation Part 3: Requirements for the location and operation of actuators
(IEC 61310-3:2007)
Sécurité des machines Indication, marquage et manoeuvre Partie 3: Exigences sur la position
et le fonctionnement des organes
de commande
(CEI 61310-3:2007)

Sicherheit von Maschinen Anzeigen, Kennzeichen und Bedienen Teil 3: Anforderungen an die Anordnung
und den Betrieb von Bedienteilen
(Stellteilen)
(IEC 61310-3:2007)

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This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2008 CENELEC -

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61310-3:2008 E


EN 61310-3:2008

–2–

Foreword
The text of document 44/542/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61310-3, prepared by IEC TC 44, Safety of
machinery - Electrotechnical aspects, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 61310-3 on 2007-12-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61310-3:1999.
EN 61310-3:2007 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 61310-3:1999:
– Table 1, Table 2 and Table A.1 have been revised editorially.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement

(dop)

2008-09-01


– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn

(dow)

2010-12-01

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of
EC Directives MD (98/37/EC) and MD (2006/42/EC). See Annex ZZ.
Annexes ZA and ZZ have been added by CENELEC.
__________

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Endorsement notice

The text of the International Standard IEC 61310-3:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________

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–3–

EN 61310-3:2008

CONTENTS

1


Scope ...............................................................................................................................4

2

Normative references .......................................................................................................4

3

Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................5

4

General requirements ....................................................................................................... 5

5

Actions and effects ...........................................................................................................6
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

Principles ................................................................................................................ 6
Final effects ............................................................................................................6
Actions .................................................................................................................... 7
Correlation between actions and final effects .......................................................... 8
Stopping..................................................................................................................9


Annex A (informative) Typical examples of monofunction actuators ..................................... 10
Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their
corresponding European publications .........................................................................................13
Annex ZZ (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives ......................14
Annex ZZA (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of Directive 98/37/EC ............14
Annex ZZB (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC ........14

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Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 12
Table 1 – Classification of final effects ....................................................................................7
Table 2 – Classification of actions...........................................................................................8
Table A.1 – Examples of movement of some types of actuators ............................................ 11


EN 61310-3:2008

–4–

SAFETY OF MACHINERY –
INDICATION, MARKING AND ACTUATION –
Part 3: Requirements for the location
and operation of actuators

1

Scope

This part of IEC 61310 specifies safety-related requirements for actuators, operated by the
hand or by other parts of the human body, at the human-machine interface.

It gives general requirements for
–

the standard direction of movement for actuators;

–

the arrangement of an actuator in relation to other actuators;

–

the correlation between an action and its final effects.

It is based on IEC 60447 but is also applicable to non-electrotechnical technologies such as
mechanical and fluid-powered systems.
It covers single actuators as well as groups of actuators forming part of an assembly.

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This standard does not specify any requirements for "touch screens" (such information is
given in IEC 60073).

2

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60073:2002, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and

identification – Coding principles for indicators and actuators
IEC 60447:2004, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and
identification – Actuating principles
IEC 61310-1, Safety of machinery – Indication, marking and actuation – Part 1: Requirements
for visual, acoustic and tactile signals
IEC 61310-2, Safety of machinery – Indication, marking and actuation – Part 2: Requirements
for marking
ISO 1503:1977, Geometrical orientation and directions of movements
ISO 9355-2:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators –
Part 2: Displays
ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design –
Part 2: Technical principles

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–5–

EN 61310-3:2008

ISO 13851:2002, Safety of machinery – Two-hand control devices – Functional aspects and
design principles

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those of IEC
61310-1 and IEC 61310-2, apply.
3.1

action
movement required of a part of the human body (for example, a finger, a hand, a foot) to
operate an actuator
3.2
final effect
intended consequence of the operator’s action

4

General requirements

This standard shall be taken into account at an early stage of machinery design and shall be
applied in an unambiguous manner throughout the machine installation. The intended
application field of the machine and the constraints due to the geometrical orientation of the
machine, the location, skill, posture and the viewing direction of the operator (see 4.2.2 of
IEC 61310-1) shall be taken into account. See also ISO 1503.

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Actuators shall be
–

unambiguously identifiable (see IEC 61310-1 and IEC 60073);

–

appropriately marked (see IEC 61310-2);

–


designed to ensure safe and timely operation (see IEC 60447);

–

selected and designed in accordance with the relevant ergonomic principles (see ISO
9355-2);

–

designed and selected to withstand the expected environmental and intended use conditions;

–

designed to be able to avoid wear and tear by foreseeable use.

Actuators shall be so located that
–

they are outside the hazard zones, except for those actuators which, of necessity, are
located within the hazard zone, such as emergency stop, teach pendant, etc. (see
4.11.8 c) of ISO 12100-2);

–

their operation cannot cause additional risk;

–

the operator can recognize that the final effect has been carried out (either directly or by a
feedback/acknowledgement device);


–

the movement of the actuator is consistent with its final effect in accordance with Clause 5
(for additional information see IEC 60447);

–

mirror symmetric layouts of panels are avoided.

Wherever possible, start actuators shall be so located that the operator can see the controlled
elements when actuating them (see 4.11.8 d) of ISO 12100-2).


EN 61310-3:2008

–6–

A stop actuator shall be placed near each start actuator. Where the start/stop function is
performed by means of a hold-to-run actuating device, a separate stop actuator shall be
provided where a hazard may result from the hold-to-run actuating device failing to deliver a
stop command when released (see 4.11.8 b) of ISO 12100-2).
Actuators shall be logically grouped in accordance with their operational or functional
correlation, for controlling a process, machine or equipment (see IEC 60447).
Actuators shall not lead to an undefined or hazardous state of equipment, or condition of
process, when operated.
The accidental operation of an actuator which could lead to a hazardous situation shall be
avoided, as far as possible. One or more of the following constructive measures shall be used
where necessary:
–


recessing or shrouding the actuator;

–

increasing the operating force of the actuator;

–

use of a lock-out system;

–

locating the actuator where it is unlikely to be accidentally knocked;

–

using a set of actuators requiring sequential actions;

–

using a two-hand control system (see ISO 13851);

–

using an enabling device;

–

remote disabling of function.


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Where the action is initiated indirectly (for example, use of keyboards), the action to be
performed shall be clearly displayed and an unambiguous confirmation (visual or audible
feedback) of the actuation shall be given to the operator (see 6.3 of ISO 12100-2).
Where the operator's vision may be fully occupied when safety-critical functions are involved,
or where the conditions of visibility are restricted, the position of an actuator shall be readily
identifiable by touch. (For details of tactile signals, see IEC 61310-1.)

5

Actions and effects

NOTE

5.1

For additional information, see ISO 9355-2.

Principles

For a machine, the correlation between the action applied to the actuator and the final effect
shall be evident to the operator. This correlation is based on the classification into two groups
of both actions and final effects.
Intermediate effects which lead to a final effect are not considered in this standard.
NOTE
As an example, for a variable speed drive, the final effect is the operating speed which results from the
action, and not the output-command of a data processing unit, nor the variation of the field regulator.


5.2

Final effects

Final effects resulting from actions can mostly be classified into two groups of opposite
effects.

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EN 61310-3:2008

–7–

For a final effect which cannot be classified as increase/decrease effects such as test, help,
enabling device, the arrangement of these actuators should nevertheless conform to
Clause 4.
Table 1 (derived from Table A.2 of IEC 60447) shows how different types of effects can be
classified into two groups.
Table 1 – Classification of final effects
Resulting final effect

Nature of effect

Group 1

Group 2

Modification of a physical quantity (voltage,
current, power, speed, frequency, temperature, luminous intensity, etc.)


Increase

Decrease

Change of condition

Put into service
Start
Accelerate
Close an electrical circuit a
Ignite

Put out of service
Stop
Brake
Open an electrical circuit b
Extinguish

Motion of the object or vehicle controlled in
relation to its principal axis

Upwards
To the right
Forward

Downwards
To the left
Backward


Motion in relation to the operator

Away from the operator

Towards the operator

a

and open the associated grounding circuit, if combined.

b

and close the associated grounding circuit, if combined.

5.3

Actions

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Actions can also be classified into two groups based on
–

either the direction of movement of an actuator, where the actuator has two operating
directions. Action is then a related movement of a part of the human body;

–

or the positioning of a given actuator within a set where the actuators have only one
operating direction giving rise to only one final effect. This action is then a movement of a

part of the human body towards the given actuator.

The classification into Group 1 and Group 2 (see Table 2) depending on the nature of an
action is based on
–

either the direction of the action;

–

or the point of application of the action.

Table 2 (identical to Table A.1 of IEC 60447) shows how an action associated with different
types and arrangements of actuators can be classified, and Annex A (identical to Annex B of
IEC 60447) gives examples of monofunction actuators.


EN 61310-3:2008

–8–
Table 2 – Classification of actions

Nature of actuator

Nature of action

Direction of action
Group 1

Handwheel,

knob, etc.

handle,

Rotation

Group 2

Clockwise

Anticlockwise

Upwards

Downwards

Right-left

To the right

To the left

Forwardbackward a

Away from
the operator

Towards
the operator


Vertical motion
Grip, lever, push-pull
button, etc., with
essentially linear
motion a

Nature of actuator set
Set of grips,
pushbuttons,
rods, pull
cords, etc.,
with
opposite
effects

One
above the
other

Horizontal
motion

Group 1

Pressure, traction, etc.

One
beside
the other


Nature of actuator set

Nature of action

VDT with XY-VDU
Controller

Movement and actuation
(click)

Keyboard

Typing of keys

Sensitive area

Point of application of action

Nature of action

Action
on upper
device

Action
on lower
device

Action
on right

device

Action
on left
device

Classification of action

Direction of action and point of application:
not classified b

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Touching

a

Further information is given in IEC 60447.

b

As far as possible, the rules of the upper part of Table 2 should be applied.

5.4

Group 2

Correlation between actions and final effects

A Group 1 action shall result in a Group 1 final effect.
A Group 2 action shall result in a Group 2 final effect.

Examples
a) A clockwise rotation of a handwheel results in an increased speed.
b) A movement of a lever to the left results in a motion of an object to the left.
c) The movement of the actuating hand is in the same direction as the intended movement of
a controlled object.
Where the relative position of the operator and the machine can change (especially in the
case of a mobile machine and/or a portable set of actuators for remote control), the directions
of movement of the machine can become ambiguous. Then suitable marks, corresponding to
the symbols and/or colours on or near the actuator, shall be affixed on or near the mobile part
of the machine.

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–9–

EN 61310-3:2008

Where, for special reasons (see Notes 1 and 2), established current practice is not in line with
this principle:
–

the direction of movement of the part of the human body and the resulting final effect shall
be given on or near the actuator;

–

the change to bring this practice into conformity should be achieved by changing the type
of actuator used (for example, from lever to push-button). Where a change in the type of
actuator is not suitable, the operator shall be specially instructed.


NOTE 1 Such special reasons may include those cases where there already exist well-established expectations
by the operators of the way particular actuators should function. Special reasons also include cases where it is
technically difficult to maintain the correlation between the action and the effect. For example, valves for fluid
control are normally arranged so that turning them clockwise reduces the flow.
NOTE 2

See IEC 60447 for requirements for special kinds and particular uses of actuators, such as:

–

raise and lower with a lever;

–

push-pull buttons;

–

foot-operated actuators.

5.5

Stopping

With many types of actuators a specific position gives the effect of stop. The location of this
position shall be as follows.
a) For an actuator controlling one linear or one angular movement away from a stop, the
stop-position shall be at the left end, at the lower end, or at the anti-clockwise end, of the
movement.


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b) For an actuator controlling two opposite linear or angular movements away from a stop,
the stop-position shall be in the middle of the range of movements.
For a set of actuators, each giving one final effect with the same operating direction, the stop
actuator shall be placed at the left end, or at the lower end, of the set.
Where the set of actuators causes opposite effects, the stop actuator shall be placed in the
middle of the set.
NOTE

For requirements for emergency stop actuators, see IEC 60204-1, IEC 60947-5-5 and ISO 13850.


EN 61310-3:2008

– 10 –

Annex A
(informative)
Typical examples of monofunction actuators

A.1
A.1.1

Kinds of actuators
General

In Table A.1, typical examples of actuators are shown, an arrow in each Figure showing the
classified action which results in the final effect (in accordance with Table 2).

The operating direction is determined by a person standing at the operating place and looking
towards the actuator. The operating place in each of the Figures of the Table is indicated by
the position of the Figure number.
A.1.2

Rotation

If a rotating handle is combined with an angular indicator, the movement is always considered
as a rotation (see example 15 in Table A.1).
A movement from one of the three principal axes to another, as shown in example 13, is
considered as a rotation.
A.1.3

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Linear motion

Linear motion is considered to be a movement practically parallel to a principal axis, i.e.
equally distributed on both sides of another axis, where the total permissible angular
movement does not exceed 120°, (see examples 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, 42, 43 and 44).
Where the angular displacement is small (examples 21, 31, 41 and 51), or where only a small
part of the periphery of a rotating actuator is accessible or visible, such as a handwheel
situated partly in an enclosure, or a knob recessed behind a slot (examples 25 and 35), the
actuator should be considered to have a linear motion.

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EN 61310-3:2008


– 11 –

Table A.1 – Examples of movement of some types of actuators
Movement
Angular
(rotary)

a

Linear
Vertical

b

Horizontal:
Sideways b

Horizontal:
Fore and aft b

Combined
directions b

51

Set of
actuators

11


21

31

41

12

22

32

42

62

13

23

33

43

63

14

15


61

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24

34

25

35

44

16

17

18
a

In each case, the operator is considered to be in the place of the figure number, and the arrow relates to a
Group 1 action.

b

In certain circumstances, an angular (rotary) movement is considered to be linear (see A.1.3).


EN 61310-3:2008


– 12 –

Bibliography
IEC 60204-1:2005, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
NOTE

Harmonized as EN 60204-1:2006 (modified).

IEC 60947-5-5:2005, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 5-5: Control circuit
devices and switching elements – Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching
function
NOTE

Harmonized as EN 60947-5-5:1997 + A1:2005 (not modified).

ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design –
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology
NOTE

Harmonized as EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (not modified).

ISO 13850, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop – Principles for design
NOTE

Harmonized as EN ISO 13850:2006 (not modified).

___________

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EN 61310-3:2008

– 13 –

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication

Year

Title

IEC 60073

2002

Basic and safety principles for man-machine EN 60073
interface, marking and identification - Coding

principles for indicators and actuators

2002

IEC 60447

2004

Basic and safety principles for man-machine EN 60447
interface, marking and identification Actuating principles

2004

IEC 61310-1

– 1)

Safety of machinery - Indication, marking
EN 61310-1
and actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual, acoustic and
tactile signals

2008

EN/HD

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Year


2)

– 1)

Safety of machinery - Indication, marking
and actuation Part 2: Requirements for marking

EN 61310-2

2008 2)

ISO 1503

1977

Geometrical orientation and directions of
movements

–

–

ISO 9355-2

1999

Ergonomic requirements for the design of
displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays

–


–

ISO 12100-2

2003

Safety of machinery - Basic concepts,
general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles

EN ISO 12100-2

2003

ISO 13851

2002

Safety of machinery - Two-hand control
devices - Functional aspects and design
principles

–

–

IEC 61310-2

1)
2)


Undated reference.
Valid edition at date of issue.


EN 61310-3:2008

– 14 –

Annex ZZ
(informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives
Annex ZZA
(informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and within its scope the standard covers the
following essential requirements out of those given in Annex I of the EC Directive 98/37/EC, amended by
Directive 98/79/EC:
– ER 1.2.2.
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential
requirements of the Directive concerned.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling within
the scope of this standard.

Annex ZZB
(informative)

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Coverage of Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and within its scope the standard covers the
following essential requirements out of those given in Annex I of the EC Directive 2006/42/EC:
– ER 1.2.2.
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential
requirements of the Directive concerned.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling within
the scope of this standard.

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blank


BS EN
61310-3:2008

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