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Creating Web
Sites Bible
Second Edition
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Creating Web
Sites Bible
Second Edition
David A. Crowder and Andrew Bailey
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
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Creating Web Sites Bible
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright
c

 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
Manufactured in the United States of America
10987654321
XX/XX/XX/XX/XX
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as
permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee
to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)
646-8700. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley
Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355,
E-Mail:
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE
NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETE-
NESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS.
THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SIT-
UATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT
ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF
PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL
PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LI-
ABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE
IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER
INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE
INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS
IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED
IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS

WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please
contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317)
572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Crowder, David.
Creating Web Sites Bible/David A. Crowder and Andrew Bailey.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7645-7498-1 (pbk.)
1. Web site development. 2. Web sites–Design. I. Bailey, Andrew 1968– II. Title.
TK5105.8888.C76 2004
006.7–dc22 2004017335
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be
used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
iv
eISBN: 0-7645-7944-4
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About the Authors
David A. Crowder has authored or coauthored more than 20 books, including
popular bestsellers such as Building a Web Site For Dummies and Cliffs Notes Getting
on the Internet. He was selling hypertext systems back in the days when you had to
explain to people what the word meant. He has been involved in the online
community since its inception and is the recipient of several awards for his work,

including the NetGuide Magazine Gold Site Award. When he is not writing, he spends
his time with his wife Angela, wandering through villages in the Andes or frolicking in
the Caribbean surf.
Andrew Bailey was born in England where he studied Natural Sciences at Cambridge
University. He worked for Cray Research as a systems analyst from 1989 to 1992.
Then he moved to Colombia, South America. At the present moment he is the Head
of Investigation in Computer Sciences at the San Buenaventura University in Medell´ın
where he also teaches Distributed Computing and the Design of Web Applications.
He owns HazloRealidad.com, a company dedicated to the design and hosting of Web
sites and the development of custom-built software based on open standards and
freely licensed or open source software. HazloRealidad is Spanish for “make it real,”
which, according to Andrew, “refers to making your dreams come true, well at least
the ones related to software”. To contact him send an email to andybailey@
hazlorealidad.com.
About the Contributors
Bud Smith is a Web consultant, teacher, and writer who learned his trade in Silicon
Valley and is now living in London, England. He has written more than a dozen books
on Web site design and other computing topics, with one best seller placing among
the Top 10 computer books in annual sales recently. Among his other work, Bud
teaches online classes on Web design, reviewing his students’ Web sites as they
progress.
Doug Sahlin is an author, graphic designer, and Web site designer living in Lakeland,
Florida. He is the author of 14 books on image editing, Web design, and office
applications. His best-selling book ranked as high as 22nd on Amazon’s Top 50
Computer Books list. The author uses multiple applications to design Web sites that
feature animation, video, and images.
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Credits
Executive Editor
Chris Webb
Production Editor
Felicia Robinson
Development Editor
Sharon Nash
Copy Editor
Michael Koch
Editorial Manager
Kathryn Malm
Vice President &
Executive Group Publisher
Richard Swadley
Vice President and Publisher
Joseph B. Wikert
Executive Editorial Director
Mary Bednarek
Proofreading and Indexing
TECHBOOKS Production Services
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For my parents, with love and gratitude.
vii
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Contents at a Glance

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Part I: The Basics of Building Web Pages and Sites 1
Chapter 1: Planning Your Web Pages 3
Chapter 2: Promoting Your Site 17
Chapter 3: Basic HTML Building Blocks 37
Chapter 4: Organizing Your Site 65
Chapter 5: Putting It on the Web 79
Part II: Enhancing Web Pages with Fonts, Images,
and Color 109
Chapter 6: Getting Fancy with Text 111
Chapter 7: Finding Images 137
Chapter 8: Blending Images into Your Pages 145
Chapter 9: Creating and Enhancing Images 173
Chapter 10: Adding Color Throughout Your Site 195
Part III: Designing Web Layouts 209
Chapter 11: Harnessing the Power of Tables 211
Chapter 12: Organizing Your Site with Frames 241
Chapter 13: Styling Web Pages with Cascading Style Sheets 269
Chapter 14: Positioning Elements with DIVs 315
Part IV: Adding Interactivity With Flash, Forms,
and Other Tools 329
Chapter 15: Getting Input with Forms 331
Chapter 16: Making Dynamic Pages with JavaScript. . . 365
Chapter 17: Navigating Your Web Site 407

Chapter 18: Adding Dynamic Page Elements with DHTML. . 429
Chapter 19: Animating with Macromedia Flash 449
Chapter 20: Adding Multimedia and Other Objects 487
Chapter 21: Blogging 507
Part V: Cashing In on E-Commerce . . 527
Chapter 22: Setting Up Your Store 529
Chapter 23: Selling on eBay 549
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Contents at a Glance
Chapter 24: Getting Paid . . 571
Chapter 25: Using Advertising 579
Chapter 26: Covering All the Bases 595
Part VI: Maintaining and Updating Your Site 611
Chapter 27: Maintaining Your Site 613
Chapter 28: Updating Your Site 625
Chapter 29: Designing with XML 641
Chapter 30: Making Your Site Mobile with WAP/WML 659
Part VII: Appendixes 679
Appendix A: HTML 4.01 Specification 681
Appendix B: XHTML 1.0, Second Edition Specification 701
Appendix C: XML 1.0, Third Edition Specification 727
Appendix D: WML 2.0 Specification 787
Appendix E: JavaScript Reference 865
Glossary 869
Index 883
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Contents

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Part I: The Basics of Building Web Pages and Sites
1
Chapter 1: Planning Your Web Pages 3
Analyzing Web Site Types 3
Personal home pages 4
Informational sites 4
Organizational sites 6
Political sites 8
Commercial sites 8
Understanding Internet Demographics 10
Finding good information 10
Surveying site visitors 12
Determining Your Approach . . . 13
Focusing on goals 13
Deciding on complexity levels 14
Establishing a budget 15
Summary 15
Chapter 2: Promoting Your Site 17
Exploiting Search Engines 18
Understanding robots and spiders 20
Submitting your site 20
Keeping your site searchable 21
Pulling it all together 23
Ranking 24

Portals 25
Blocking search engines 26
Working the Web Directories . . 27
Ranking in a directory 27
Registering with the major sites 28
Listing on Free-For-All link pages 29
Issuing Press Releases 29
Saying the right thing 31
Finding e-mail addresses 31
Formatting the e-mail—to use HTML or just plain text? 32
Setting Up Reciprocal Links 32
Evaluating Banner Exchanges 32
Building the banner 33
Design do’s and don’ts 33
Multimedia ads 34
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Contents
Banner Exchanges . 35
Traditional advertising 35
Summary 35
Chapter 3: Basic HTML Building Blocks 37
Grasping the Classic HTML Structure 37
Understanding the Basic Elements . 38
Defining elements with start and end tags 38
Nesting elements via container relationships 38
Structuring pages with block-level elements 39

Fine-tuning with inline elements 40
Adding Flexibility with Attributes . . . 40
Working with common attributes 40
Using specialized attributes . 42
Accepting defaults and setting values 42
Adding Text 42
Heading elements . . 43
Adding line breaks . . . 43
Dividing with horizontal lines 44
Understanding white space 47
Understanding the Types of Authoring Tools 48
Text editors 49
HTML editors 51
WYSIWYG programs 51
Word processors 54
Exceptions to the rule 55
Choosing Your Tools 55
Trying demos 56
Experimenting with shareware 57
Using freeware 57
Going Beyond the Basics . . . 57
Link checkers . . . 58
Code validators . . . 58
Compatibility testers. . . 58
Server monitors 59
Working with Specific Tools 60
Notepad 60
HomeSite+ 60
Dreamweaver . . . 61
Summary 63

Chapter 4: Organizing Your Site 65
Comparing Page Design to Site Design 65
Color 66
Text style 67
Navigation 67
Understanding the importance of content 68
Making your site functional 68
Planning Your Site’s Layout 69
Creating topic-specific Web pages 70
Finding natural breakpoints 71
Addressing Resources with URLs 72
Adding Links 73
Getting hypertext references right 75
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Contents
Creating internal links with local anchors 76
Sending e-mail with mailto links 77
Other types of links 77
Locking relative URLs with the BASE element 77
Summary 78
Chapter 5: Putting It on the Web 79
Getting Your Domain Name 79
Choosing a domain name 79
Picking a registrar 82
Coping with registration pitfalls 83
Finding a Web Space Provider 84
Picking the right Web server 84

Determining your space needs 87
Choosing a non-virtual, virtual, dedicated, or co-located server 87
Balancing price-service ratios 89
Investigating Web space providers 90
Testing Responsiveness to Your Needs 91
Obtaining customer service 92
Assessing technical support 92
Avoiding Common Provider Scams 92
Thinking like a crook 93
Suffering domain name theft 93
Getting “unlimited” traffic or space 94
Rushing deadlines for special deals 94
Exploring Bells and Whistles 95
Getting extra e-mail accounts 95
Redirecting messages 95
Using autoresponders to provide information 97
Getting visitor statistics 97
Using control panels to set site options 98
Becoming a reseller 101
Uploading Your Pages 101
Transferring with FTP 102
Uploading with Web Browsers via HTTP 107
Summary 107
Part II: Enhancing Web Pages with Fonts, Images,
and Color
109
Chapter 6: Getting Fancy with Text 111
Customizing Text with Character Styles 111
Italicizing text 112
Bolding text 112

Preformatting text 113
Adding superscripts and subscripts 114
Using the FONT and BASEFONT Elements 116
Specifying a size 116
Using relative size 117
Comparing font size with heading size 117
Overriding default font faces 117
Coloring text 119
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Contents
Aligning and Indenting Text 119
Dealing with deprecation 120
Indenting with BLOCKQUOTE 122
Choosing Character Sets . . . 123
Using Special Characters and Entities 127
Summary 136
Chapter 7: Finding Images 137
Exploring Graphics File Types 137
GIF 137
JPEG 138
PNG 138
Getting Free Images off the Web 138
Finding public domain photographs 138
Downloading free artwork 139
Finding suitable artists 139
Using stock photographs 140
Avoiding Legal Problems 141

Using copyrighted material 142
Respecting trademarks 143
Summary 143
Chapter 8: Blending Images into Your Pages 145
Adding Images 145
Using the height and width attributes 146
Setting horizontal and vertical spacing 147
Setting border size 148
Covering All the Bases with Placeholders 150
Adding alternative text for accessibility 150
Using low-resolution images to speed page download time 152
Aligning Text and Images 153
Floating images out of the flow 153
Demystifying word wrap around images 155
Aligning multiple images . 157
Using Images to Link Files . . . 157
Using borders 158
Making multiple links with image maps 160
Solving Image Problems 161
Using thumbnail images to speed up page downloads 161
Embedding special fonts . 162
Adding Background Images 163
Calculating sizes for tiling. 164
Dealing with “sidebar” backgrounds 165
Checking seamlessness 167
Avoiding busy backgrounds 169
Choosing color and contrast 169
Summary 171
Chapter 9: Creating and Enhancing Images 173
Choosing an Image Editing Tool 173

Photoshop 173
Fireworks 174
Painter 174
Paint Shop Pro 174
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Contents
Modifying Images 176
Cropping 177
Resizing and resampling 178
Rotating and flipping 180
Sharpening and blurring 184
Applying artistic effects filters 184
Using 3D Graphics Programs 187
Poser 188
Bryce 189
trueSpace 189
iSpace 191
3D models and more 192
Summary 192
Chapter 10: Adding Color Throughout Your Site 195
Setting Color Attributes 195
Setting background colors 196
Specifying foreground colors 197
Changing link colors 197
Using Color Names and Hex Numbers 198
Decoding RGB triplets 198
Facing limitations of named colors 199

Using color pickers 200
Using the Three C’s: Complement, Contrast, and Coordination 204
Choosing complementary colors 204
Ensuring contrast and visibility 206
Coordinating color schemes 206
Understanding Color Warmth 206
Summary 207
Part III: Designing Web Layouts
209
Chapter 11: Harnessing the Power of Tables 211
Adding Tables and Setting Table Size 211
Managing Borders 217
Using Padding and Spacing 218
Aligning Tables and Cell Contents 220
Setting horizontal alignment 220
Setting vertical alignment 228
Preventing word wrap 228
Spanning Rows and Columns 229
Working with Images and Color 232
Specifying background images 233
Specifying background colors 234
Summary 240
Chapter 12: Organizing Your Site with Frames 241
Designing Frame Layouts 241
Analyzing functional needs 242
Creating navigation layouts 243
Setting up action or result layouts 244
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xxii
Contents
Creating Framesets 244
Setting columns and rows 246
Mixing pixel, percentage, and relative sizing 250
Preventing resizing . . 253
Specifying frame names and contents 253
Nesting framesets. . . 255
Adding NOFRAMES content 257
Setting Targets for Your Links 258
Targeting custom-named frames 258
Using reserved frame names 259
Customizing Frame Borders and Margins 260
Setting border width 260
Handling border colors 262
Setting margin width 262
Setting Scroll Bar Options 263
Alternatives to framesets and frames 263
Avoiding Frame Problems . . . 265
Making sure you have enough frames 265
Adding foreign elements . 265
What size is the user’s screen? 266
Using too many frames 266
Providing backup navigation 266
Summary 267
Chapter 13: Styling Web Pages with Cascading Style Sheets 269
Testing Your Browser 270
Coping with Browser Support Issues 270
Cascading Priorities 270
Going inline with the style attribute 271

Embedding with the <STYLE> tag 272
Linking external style sheets 273
Redefining HTML Elements . . 274
Assigning Classes 275
Using IDs 275
Defining Nested Elements with Contextual Selectors 276
Cool effects with CSS 277
Consulting the CSS Reference 279
CSS1 properties . . . 280
CSS2 properties . . . 288
Using Style Sheet–Creation Programs 312
Interesting CSS sites 313
Summary 313
Chapter 14: Positioning Elements with DIVs 315
Adding Layers 315
Using CSS positioning properties 315
Going with the flow 316
Choosing absolute or relative positioning 317
Nested elements . . . 320
Overlapping Layers . 321
Stacking layers with z-order 321
Using transparency and background color 321
Clipping Layer Content . . . 322
Visibility of layers 324
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xxiii
Contents
Handling Large Elements with Overflow Attributes 324

Visible overflow 324
Hidden overflow 325
Scroll bars 326
Summary 327
Part IV: Adding Interactivity With Flash,
Forms, and Other Tools
329
Chapter 15: Getting Input with Forms 331
Adding Forms 331
The INPUT element 332
Naming elements 333
Getting Short Data with Text Boxes 334
Setting box size 335
Defining the maximum length of input 336
Prefilling a text box 337
Locking content with readonly and disabled 338
Gathering Information with Text Areas 339
Sizing text areas 339
Setting word wrap 339
Setting default contents 342
Making Choices with Check Boxes and Option Buttons 342
Adding check boxes 343
Grouping option buttons 344
Setting a default choice 346
Saving Space with the SELECT and OPTION Elements . . . 346
Specifying values 349
Setting menu types 349
Allowing multiple selections 350
Setting a default choice 351
Using INPUT Buttons 352

Adding the Submit button 352
Adding a Reset button 352
Creating custom buttons 353
Going pictorial with graphical buttons 354
Using the BUTTON Element 356
Adding Hidden Fields 357
Adding Labels 358
Setting Tab Order 359
Specifying Access Keys 360
Submitting the Form 361
Summary 363
Chapter 16: Making Dynamic Pages with JavaScript 365
Trying Out JavaScript 365
Understanding JavaScript 366
Working with variables and literals 366
Affecting values with operators 369
Adding statements 371
Combining statements into functions 379
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Contents
Making choices with If and If Else 381
Going in loops . . . 382
Using Events to Trigger Scripts 386
Triggering on page loads and unloads 387
Reacting to mouse movements 388
Clicking and double-clicking 391
Pressing and releasing keys 392

Seeing Elements as Objects . . 393
Understanding properties 394
Working with methods 395
Form Validation 396
Examining Browser Compatibility 400
Summary 404
Chapter 17: Navigating Your Web Site 407
Setting Navigation Rules. . . 407
Avoiding home page blunders 407
Avoiding orphan pages 410
Adding Navigation Bars . . . 410
Using graphics to enhance bars 412
Including pointers . . 413
Using JavaScript rollovers 415
Choosing bar orientation 417
Displaying Links with Lists and Menus 418
Using plain text link listings . 418
Creating ordered and unordered link lists 420
Making menus with the SELECT element 425
Summary 427
Chapter 18: Adding Dynamic Page Elements with DHTML 429
Understanding the Hazards of Animation 429
Getting Dynamic with Rollovers . 430
Swapping images . . 430
Triggering changes in other elements 432
Putting Elements in Motion 435
Calculating absolute position 435
Support for old browsers 437
Determining screen size 441
Color Fades . . . 445

Summary 448
Chapter 19: Animating with Macromedia Flash 449
Understanding the Flash Layout 449
The Stage 450
Scenes 450
Layers 451
The Timeline 451
The toolbox 452
Tool panels 454
Creating Objects 454
Drawing lines with the Line tools 456
Setting stroke characteristics 456
Selecting and deleting objects 457
Making shapes with tools . 458
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Contents
Saving your work 459
Importing art 459
Using the Library panel 460
Modifying Objects 460
Stretching and distorting objects 460
Grouping objects 461
Scaling 462
Rotating and skewing 463
Straightening and smoothing 463
Using gradient fills 463
Working with bitmap fills 465

Working with Text 466
Adding text 466
Choosing fonts 466
Setting font characteristics 467
Creating text effects 468
Working with Animation Timelines 469
Using frames 469
Assigning keyframes 470
Adding layers 470
Adding objects to the layers 470
Converting objects to symbols 470
Creating animation 472
Tweening action . . 472
Creating more layer effects 473
Using sound 476
Adding MP3 sound 477
Synchronizing sound and action 477
Using Advanced Techniques 477
Programming with ActionScript 477
Adding actions 478
Exporting and Publishing Movies. 479
Exporting movies . . 479
Publishing movies 481
Tips for optimizing your movies 483
Summary 485
Chapter 20: Adding Multimedia and Other Objects 487
Adding Audio 487
Choosing a file type 488
Embedding audio 488
Setting volume 490

Using NOEMBED 490
Finding digital audio sources 490
Embedding Video 494
Running a movie 496
Finding digital video sources 496
Adding Java Applets 498
Setting PARAM values 498
Adding alternative content 499
Making it work 499
Applets are objects too 502
Finding applet sources 505
Summary 506
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Contents
Chapter 21: Blogging 507
The World of Blogging 507
Using Blogger 509
A brief history of Blogger 509
Setting up your blog on Blogger 510
Adding to your blog. . 514
Alternative Blogging Tools 518
AOL’s Hometown. . . 518
blogs.com and TypePad 519
LiveJournal 520
Radio UserLand . . 521
Blogging add-ons . . 523
Integrating Blogging 524

Blogging as a writing style 524
Integration by reference 524
Full integration . . . 524
Summary 525
Part V: Cashing In on E-Commerce
527
Chapter 22: Setting Up Your Store 529
Choosing Your E-Commerce Setup 529
Single product sites and specialty stores 529
General stores . . . 530
Online superstores. . . 531
Online computer stores. 532
Service sites 532
Shopping malls . . . 534
Setting Up Shopping Carts 535
Addressing concerns about security 536
Joining mall-provided programs 536
Getting commercial programs 538
Using open source programs 538
Taking Payment 540
Credit and debit cards 541
Checks 541
E-cash 542
Setting up an affiliate store 544
Riding Internet Buying Patterns 544
Summary 547
Chapter 23: Selling on eBay 549
Working with eBay 549
Setting up an eBay account 551
Fees for selling on eBay 552

Setting Up an eBay Auction. . 554
Using the Buy Now option 560
Setting up a Dutch (multiple item) auction 560
Payment and Shipping Options. . 561
Setting up a PayPal account 561
Getting paid with checks 562
Shipping Merchandise 563
Getting the Most from eBay 564
Establishing yourself as a reputable dealer 564
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Contents
Setting a start and finish time 565
Monitoring your auction 565
After the auction 565
Enhancing your chances for success 566
Using the eBay template 566
Modifying the eBay template 567
Setting Up an eBay Store 568
Summary 568
Chapter 24: Getting Paid 571
Credit and debit cards 571
Establishing Return and Refund Policies 573
Watching out for chargebacks 575
Checks and Paper Drafts 576
E-cash 577
Summary 578
Chapter 25: Using Advertising 579

Advertising with Google and Other Search Engines 579
Advertising with Google 579
Advertising with other search engines 585
Advertising with banners 587
Working with Advertisement Agencies 588
Finding an Internet advertisement agency 588
Working with affiliates 589
Investigating Alternative Approaches 590
E-mail advertising . . . 590
Amassing a mailing list 591
Sending newsletters 592
Summary 592
Chapter 26: Covering All the Bases 595
Using Domain Names and Trademarks 595
Domain name disputes 596
Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act 598
Researching domain names online 598
Maintaining your domain name 598
Researching trademarks online 599
Soothing Common Fears 600
Publicizing your security 601
Creating a privacy policy 603
Establishing Return and Refund Policies 603
Investigating Alternative Approaches 607
Accepting advertising 607
Optimize Your Site for Search Engines 607
Summary 610
Part VI: Maintaining and Updating Your Site
611
Chapter 27: Maintaining Your Site 613

Testing Your Site 613
Visit your site as a stranger 614
Finding outside testers 615
Evaluating input from testers and visitors 617
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Contents
Coping with Visitors’ Changing Your Site 618
Browser preference settings 618
Maintaining Consistency on Your Site 621
Visitor comfort 621
Common maintenance tasks 621
Site improvement tools 622
Server monitors . . 622
Summary 623
Chapter 28: Updating Your Site 625
Keeping Your Site Fresh 625
Using incremental uploads 626
Establishing a schedule . 626
Finding new material. . 627
Having your visitors provide material 627
Adding Extra Value 629
Producing newsletters and e-zines 629
Writing product reviews 630
Creating tutorials . . . 630
Facing the XML Future 631
Classifying content versus defining presentation 633
Customizing tags. . . 633

Specifying changes with a document type definition 634
Getting different XML vocabularies to work together 636
Transitioning to XHTML 1.0 637
Making HTML XML-compliant 637
Contrasting XHTML with HTML 4.0 639
Facing browser compatibility problems 639
Summary 640
Chapter 29: Designing with XML 641
Designing with XML 641
XML Rules 642
Getting different XML vocabularies to work together—Namespaces 642
Classifying content versus defining presentation 643
Specifying a CSS . . 644
Specifying an XSL style sheet 645
Defining the structure of an XML document 649
Customizing tags. . . 651
MoreonDTD 652
Transitioning to XHTML 1.0 653
Making HTML XML compliant 654
Contrasting XHTML with HTML 4.0 655
Facing browser compatibility problems 656
Summary 657
Chapter 30: Making Your Site Mobile with WAP/WML 659
What Is WML? 659
Dealing with WML . . 660
WML tags 662
Shufflingthecards 664
Interacting with Users 666
FormsinWML 667
Specifying the format 667

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Contents
Specifying required values 669
Menus a la card 669
Multiple-choice menus 671
Differences between HTML lists and WML lists 672
Transforming XHTML into WML 673
Summary 677
Part VII: Appendixes
679
Appendix A: HTML 4.01 Specification 681
Appendix B: XHTML 1.0, Second Edition Specification 701
Appendix C: XML 1.0, Third Edition Specification 727
Appendix D: WML 2.0 Specification 787
Appendix E: JavaScript Reference 865
Glossary 869
Index 883
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