Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 1 -

Academic: Có tính chất học thuật
The students return in October for the start of the new academic year.
• academe
• academia
• academically
• academy

Adjustment: Sự ñiều chỉnh
I've made a few adjustments to the design.
• adjust
• readjust
• readjustment

Alter: Thay ñổi, biến ñổi (nội, ngoại)
Prices did not alter significantly during 2007.
He had altered so much I scarcely recognized him.
Alter somebody/something It doesn't alter the way I feel.
Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.
• alterable
• alteration
• alternate
• alternately
• alternation
• unalterable
• unaltered

Amend: Sửa chữa lỗi (ñối với văn bản: Luật, hợp ñồng, tài liệu)
The contract has now been amended.
• amendment

Aware: Nhận thấy, Nhận biết
As far as I'm aware, nobody has done anything about it.
Aware of something I don't think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
He was well aware of the problem.
Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.
Aware that… Were you aware that something was wrong?
• awareness
• unaware
• unawareness

Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 2 -

Capacity: (~skilled, competent ) Có tài, có năng lực, có khả năng
Capable of something You are capable of better work than this.
Capable of doing something He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.
I'm perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.
• incapacitate

Challenge: Sự khước từ
It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.
• challenged
• challenger
• challenging


Clause: ðiều khoản (trong hiệp ước, bộ luật…)
There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet.

Compound: Hợp chất, từ ghép… (thứ gồm 2 thứ trở lên hợp thành)
Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.

Conflict: Sự xung ñột, ñối lập, sự va chạm
John often comes into conflict with his boss.
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses' pay.

Consultation: Sự tham khảo, bàn bạc, sự thảo luận
The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents.
• consult
• consultancy
• consultant
• consultative

Contact: Sự liên lạc, liên hệ
She's lost contact with her son.
I finally made contact her in Paris.
Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college?
The organization put me in contact with other people in a similar position.
• contactable

Decline: Sự suy sụp, tàn tạ, suy tàn
The town fell into (a) after the mine closed.
Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.
Nhóm 5

ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 3 -


Discretion: Sự tự do làm theo ý mình, sự tùy í
I'll leave it up to you to use your discretion.
• discrete
• discretely
• discreteness
• discretionary
• indiscretion

Draft: Bản phác thảo
I've made a rough draft of the letter. (phác thảo nháp)
The legislation is still in draft form.
• redraft

Enable: (~allow): Làm cho có thể (help?)
The software enables you to create your own DVDs.
Insulin enables the body to use and store sugar.

Energy: Năng lượng
It is important to conserve energy.
• energetic
• energetically

Enforce: Ép buộc. (obey: tuân theo)
The legislation will be difficult to enforce.
It is the duty of the police to enforce the law.

United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in the area. (lệnh ngừng bắn)
• enforceable
• enforced
• enforcement

Entity: Thực thể, sự tồn tại
These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity.
The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate
entity.

Equivalent: Tương ñương
250 grams or an equivalent amount in ouncesequivalent to something
Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
• equivalence
Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 4 -


Evolution: Tiến hóa, tiến triển (quá trình)
Darwin's theory of evolution
• evolutionarily
• evolutionary
• evolutionism
• evolutionist
• evolve

Expansion: Sự mở rộng, sự phát triển
The expansion of higher education will continue.

• expand
• expansionism
• expansionist
• expansive
• expansively
• expansiveness

Expose: (~reveal ) Vạch trần, phơi bày
My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.
Expose something to somebody He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to
anyone.
• exposed
• exposure

External: Ở ngoài, bên ngoài
The lotion is for external use only (= only for the skin and must not be swallowed).
• externality
• externalization
• externalize
• externally

Facilitate: Làm cho dễ dàng, khả thi hơn
The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
• facilitation
• facilitator
• facility


Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –


- 5 -




Fundamental: (~basic, essential ) Cơ bản, cơ sở, chủ yếu
There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.
A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
• fundamentally

Generate: Sinh ra, phát ra
We need someone to generate new ideas.

Generation: Thế hệ
I often wonder what future generations will make of our efforts.

Image: Hình tượng
The aim is to improve the public image of the police.
• imagery

Liberal: Khoan dung, khoan hồng, dung hòa
A liberal attitude
Her parents were very liberal.
• liberalism
• liberalization
• liberalize
• liberally
• liberate
• liberated

• liberation
• liberator

Licence: Giấy phép
A licence for the software
You need a licence to fish in this river.
• unlicensed

Logic: Lô gic, tính lô gic
I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
• illogical / • logical
• illogicality
• illogically
Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 6 -

• logically
• logician
Margin: sự khác nhau trong số phiếu bầu
He won by a narrow margin.
She beat the other runners by a margin of ten seconds.
• marginal
• marginally

Medical: (thuộc) Y, Y học
Medical school: trường y
A medical officer: quân y sĩ
• medically


Mental: (thuộc) trí tuệ, (thuộc) trí óc
I made a mental note to talk to her about it
He has a complete mental block (= difficulty in understanding or remembering) when
it comes to physics.
• mentality
• mentally

Modify: (~adjust) Làm dịu nhẹ, xoa dịu; (~ adapt): Sửa ñổi, thay ñổi
The software we use has been modified for us.
• modification
• unmodified

Monitor: Quan sát, theo dõi (sự thay ñổi)

Network: Mạng lưới, hệ thống
A network of veins

Notion: Khái niệm, niệm, niềm tin, quan ñiểm
She had only a vague notion of what might happen.
Notion (that…) I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

Objective: Khách quan
I can’t be objective when I judge my daughter’s work.
• objectively
• objectivity


Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –


- 7 -




Orientation: Sự ñịnh hướng
He's very secretive about his political orientation.
orientation to/towards something Companies have been forced into a greater
orientation to the market.
• orient
• orientate
• reorient
• reorientation

Perspective: (~viewpoint) Quan ñiểm, góc nhìn nhận
A report that looks at the education system
Try to see the issue from a different perspective.
From the perspective of deaf peopleperspective on something His experience abroad
provides a wider perspective on the problem

Precise: (~exact) ðúng, chính xác
Precise details/instructions/measurements
Their calendars were more precise than the one we use today.
Can you give a more precise definition of the word?
• imprecise
• imprecisely
• imprecision
• precisely
• precision


Prime: Quan trọng, thứ yếu, hàng ñầu
Winning is not the prime objective in this sport.
Psychology: Tâm lí học
• primacy

Psychology: Tâm lí học
• psychological
• psychologically
• psychologist

Pursue: Theo ñuổi, ñuổi bắt (ñeo bám)
To pursue a goal/an aim/an objective
Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 8 -

The car was pursued by helicopters. (…máy bay trực thăng)
She wishes to pursue a medical career.
• pursuit
Ratio: Tỉ số, tỉ lệ
What is the ratio of men to women in the department?
The school has a very high teacher-student ratio.
The ratio of applications to available places currently stands at 100:1.

Reject: Từ chối, bác bỏ (+smb, smth)
The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
Please reject the following candidates…
The United States government rejected the proposal

.I applied to Cambridge University but I was rejected.
• rejection

Revenue: (~receipts) Khoản thu (từ thuế, từ kinh doanh…)
A shortfall in tax revenue
The company's annual revenues rose by 30%

Stable: Kiên ñịnh, kiên quyết, vững vàng
This ladder doesn't seem very stable.
The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
• instability
• stability
• stabilization
• stabilize
• stably
• unstable

Style: Phong cách
I like your style (= I like the way you do things).
I'd have thought big cars were more his style (= what suited him).
• styling
• stylish
• stylishly
• stylishness
• stylization
• stylized


Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –


- 9 -




Substitute: Thay thế
Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.
The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.
Margarine can be used as a substitute for butter.
A substitute teacher
• substitution

Sustain: (~maintain ) Duy trì, bảo vệ
She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.
Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.
The team may not be able to sustain this level of performance.
• sustainability
• sustainable
• sustainably
• sustenance
• unsustainable

Symbol: Kí hiệu
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.
• symbolic
• symbolically
• symbolism
• symbolist

• symbolize

Target: Mục tiêu
Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
The university will reach its target of 5000 students next September.

Transit: Sự vận chuyển, di chuyển
The cost includes transit.
Goods damaged in transit
• transition
• transitional
• transitory

Nhóm 5
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 10 -




Trend: Phương hướng, khuynh hướng, xu hướng
There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.
Current trends in language teaching
You seem to have set (= started) a new trend.

Version: Phiên bản
There are two versions of the game, a long one and a short one.
The latest version of the software package


Welfare: (~well-being) (~social security) Hạnh phúc, phúc lợi
We are concerned about the child's welfare.
A social welfare programme
Welfare provision/services/work
They would rather work than live on welfare.

Whereas: Nhưng trái lại (liên từ)
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
We thought she was arrogant, whereas in fact she was just very shy.
His parents were rich, whereas mine had to struggle.