Hệ thống nguyên âm tiếng nùng vẻn
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (2.21 MB, 5 trang )
NG6N NGU
so9
2022
HE THONG NGUytN
Au uENc NuNc vrN
pHAr[ L[toNc HirNG-
Abstrrct: Ntng Vdn is a subgroup ofNing ethnic in Vietnam. The language used by the Ntng Vdn people is
different from the languages spoken by other Nung's subgroups. It is one of the Kadai languages -a branch in TaiKadai language family. This paper describes the articulatory and acoustic properties of vowel system of Nung Vdn
language in Cd Ti6ng village, Nfli Th6n commune, Hd Quiing district of Vietnam from the synchronic perspective.
Keywords: Nrlzg Ven, Kodai, Tai-Kadai, vowel, phonetics.
1.
MdtIAu
Ntng V6n cirng voi Nirng Ch6o, Ntng Ldi, Ntng An, Ntrng Phin Slhh, Ntng Inh, Ntng Giang, Ntng
Din, Ntng Qu! Rin, Ntng Xu6ng, Nung Ctii Chu, Ntng An Pinh li c6c nh6m
Cri Ti6ng, xi NQi Th6n, hulen Hn Qurl,ng, tinh Cao Bing. Theo sO liQu th6ng k6 n6m 2021 do vtrn phdng
UBND xi NQi Th6n curg cip, hiQn c6 170 nguoi Nung V6n rtang sinh s6ng tai Th6n Ce Tiiing. Ngodi ra
cdn c6 mQt s6 nguoi Ntng Vdn da chuy5n d6n sinh sting vd lim vi6c tai ttia phuong khrlc. Nguoi Nirng Vdn
c6 t6n hr goi li [e133?]. Theo k6t quri phin loai th6n t6c ng6n ngt, ti6ng Nirng V6n rluoc xiip vio ngt h6 TaiKadai, nhrinh Kra (Kadai) tll, t2l, t5l, i101.
Trong bdi vii5t niy, chring t6i sE tiiln hdnh m6 ui <16c di5m c6u dm vi flm hoc cia h6 th6ng nguy6n im
trong ti6ng Ntng V6n. Tu liQu nghidn cuu su dung trong bdi vi6t niy bao g6m 2.000 ilon vi tulrmg rlugc
chring t6i thu thdp Lai th6n Cri Tidng. xn N6i Th6n, huyQn Hd Quring. tinh Cao Bdng ndm 2022. C6ng tric
vi6n cung cip ru li6u ld 6ng Hoang Vln H4, 31 tu6i, thao ti6ng Nung Vdn, titing Kinh vd cht eutic ngt.
Phuong ph6p nghidn cuu duo. c sri dgng trong bdi viiit ld phuong ph6p mi6u td voi cric thri ph6p th6ng k€, so
s6nh, cdi bitin, phnn tich.b6i cenh dii m6 ti tlqc di6m c6u dm vd xric lip hQ th6ng nguydn im trong ti6ng
Ntng Vdn d th6n Cri
xa NQi Th6n, huyQn Hd Quring, tinh Cao Bing. Ngoii ra, chrlng t6i ctng su
l16ne,
dung phin m6m Praat de IAm r0 mQt s6 ilic di6m im hgc cua nguy6n 6m tiiiing Nung Vdn.
2. CAc nghiGn cfru di
trufc
. Titing Nnng Vdn d ViQt Nam di
Hoing Vdn Ma vd Ta Vin Th6ng [2]
Trong c6ng trinh ndy, nh6m tric gii chi cung cip danh srich h€ th6ng im vi nguy6n 6m, chua ttd c{p
d6n c5c tl6c di6m 6m hgc cing nhu kh6ng cung cAp diy thi c6c cip d6i ldp 6m vl hgc tlii minh
tlQng cta quri trinh titip xtic ng6n ngt voi tiiing ViQr vd tiiing Nirng Giang o xi N6i Th6n, huy€n Hd Quing,
tinh Cao Bing d Vi6t Nam. Thgc t6 ngt liQu do chtng t6i khio srii nim iOZZ cno tnly cric ttac tlidm ngt dm
n6i chung vi nguydn 6m cua tiiing Nirng Vdn n6i ri€ng hiQn nay
ti6p tpc nghi€n criu, m6 ta vd h€ th6ne nguy6n im tiiing Nirng V€n o trang ih6i hiQn tai tr6n binh diln c6u
im vd im hoc li viQc lim cin thi6t.
.
'
Vi$n Ngdn ngt hgc
32
I
Ng6n ngii sd 9
ttm
2022
3. K6t qun nghiGn criu
3.1. Khdi niQn nguyAn ,im
im li
thu4t ngt tluqc dung d6 chi chitit dopn dm thanh tl6ng vai.trd lim h4t nhdn crla dm titit,
tluo. c t4o sin voi cdc ti6u di6m cAu im khdng qu.i gin nhau nhu phq am, lu6ng hoi thorit ra ngodi tq do,
kh6ng bi ci,n tro I l2]. Ve mit ciu im, criLc nguydn dm thuong khu bi€t nhau cht y6u d d,Q ndng cta lu0i (hay
cdn ggi ld dQ mo cta miQng) vn huong dich chuy6n nuoc - sau cua lu0i. Tr6n thgc t6, trong mQt s6 ng6n
ngtr, c6c nguydn 6m cdn phdn bi€t nhau d m$t si5 ttac tinh khric nhu
mti], ceng/loil, tt 4ol; tnrong
d6 [+ dailngan]; tl4c tli€m ctia m6i [+ trdn m6i]... Ve mlt am hgc, cric k€t qui. phdn tich cho thiy. cAu truc
formant cta c6c nguy6n dm ld khic nhau, trong tl6 ddi tin duo. c cQng huong lAn thu nhit (F l) the hiQn dO
ti6n lti cria ludi vd drii tin tlugc cQng huong lnn thf hai (F2) thA hien dQ ning cua ludi. Fl cing th6p thi
ludi cdng dich chuy€n v€ phia truoc vi ngugc lai. Trong khi tl6, F2 cing cao thi tlQ nflng cria lu0i cing thdp
Nguy6n
il
[l
vi
nguqc l4i
I
l].
D\c didn cdu dm vd dm hgc c a nguyAn dm fiAng N ng Vdn
Th6ng qua c6c tht phip.m6 ta, cdi. bi6n, thiSng k6, so sinh vir phin xu6t dm vi hqc tltii voi tu liQu thu
thip duo. c, chtng t6i nh{n th6y trong ti6ng Ntng Vdn c6 12 im vi nguy€n im, bao g6m 0l nguyEn tl6i vd
I I nguy6n im don. Duoi tlAy li cric vi du th6 hiQn cric biii crinh ngir im diing nhAt ho6c tuong tl6ng, bao
g6m cic cqp tl6i ldp x6c nl{n su t6n tgi cria cric dm vi nguyen im n6u tr6n:
Ntng Vdn
viet
Nirng Vin
viet
Nirng Ven
viet
Ning VGn
!'i6t
3.2.
Yj/
lpiBzl
lbi]t) /
lua
/pe
dav
lbe33? /
lhajtJ pe212l
bi€n
/pio33?/
/merat /
m9
/$Emr3
/pe1!
thuyen
lb€JJ? /
boc
lpedt?l
/p5nll benral/
/snt}3l
chD
/poq323/
nem
/grur2r/
Inua
ho232 /
lba131l
bu6n
/ptJt? /
kia
d6i
mgD tnl'ng ca
/P'a43 /
cii
mal, cat
/pn232/
chi€u
lmu32/
hlc
th6i
b6
bin!3/
tlong
chia
diy
bira
/bJ34' l
h6
/pear)11
sqch
/see33't/
phu bilp
Tr6n co so 6n n"rqng thinh giAc, chung t6i nhfn thiy c6c nguy6n im ti6ng Ntng V6n tltSi lip nhau theo
c6c ti6u chi v€ tt6 n4ng cua lu0i, dQ ti€n - thorii cua lu0i vriL truong dQ nhu ite duqc th6 hifn beng cric ki hiQu
phi6n dm qu6c t6 llntemational phonetic alphabet) o cric vi dq n6u tr6n. X6t vd d6 nang cua lud'i, hQ thiirng
nguyGn im ti6ng Nirng V6n c6 oic lont nguy6n dm sau:
im
- Ciic nguydn im
- Cric nguy6n im
- C6c nguy6n
cta lu0i cao: /i, ur, u/.
c6 tlQ ndng cta ludi hoi cao: /e, a, 5, o/.
c6 dQ ning
c6 tlQ ndng
cta ludi hoi thAp: /e, c/.
- Cdc nguydn dm c6 tlQ ning cia ludi thdp:
X6t vii
dO d6n -
le,il.
tho6i cta luoi, c6 th6 nhan thiy he th6ng nguy6n im ti6ng Ntng V6n bao g6m cric lont
nguy6n 6m sau:
- C6c nguy6n dm c6 huong dlch chuyiin cua ludi vd phia
- Cric nguy6n 6m c6 huong dich chuyi3n
frttc:
li, e, c/
cta lu0i vit gita: /u, e, 5, e, ii
im c6 huong dich chuy6n cua ludi vA phia sau: /r1 o, c/
B6n cqnh cric nguy6n im gitr nguy€n tu thii cua tudi khi ciu dm (hay cdn
chuy6n cua lu&i trong khi ciu im nguy€n rim (itugc ggi li nguy6n am nhiAu ti6u tli6m). Trong hQ thiing
nguy6n 6m ti6ng Nirng V6n, chting t6i ghi nhan nguy6n im d6i /eel. Khi cdu im nguy6n im niy, lu0i c6 xu
huong dich chuy6n tu tl6 nAng thip l6n
Dii kiiim chrmg k6t qud m6 ti tt{c tliiim cAu 6m cta hQ th6ng nguy€n im tiiSng Nr)ng V6n tr6n co sd 6n
hrqng thinl gi6c n€u tr€n, chrlng tdi srt dung phdn m€m Praat tlii tiiln hinh phin tich c6c th6ng s6 Fl vi F2
H$ th6ng nguy6n
im...
I
33
cta cic nguy€n Am ti6ng Ntng V6n. Trcn cosd tu liQu c6
nguydn_im don trong ti6ng Ntng Ven. Dia dam bio tinh dting nh6t t6i tta co thii gita cric vi du duoc phan
tich, m6i nguy€n im dugc phdn tich trong 03 vi {r voi am tii:t c6 phu am diu v6 thanh, thuQc ciic loai hinh
am tiiit md(d6i.v6i.c6c nguyCn 6m dai) vd am. tiiit nria md tttii voi criLc nguyen 6m ngin vd mQt sti nguy6n
6m dii c6 t6n s6 xudt hiQn trong am tiCt md thap. Gi'i tri Fl, F2 cta cric nguyen dm don dugc x6c tlinh tr6n
gi6 tri trung binh cta 03 im tiilt dugc ph6n tich. K6t qui cu th6 nhu Bing l:
Bdng
l- Gidtri
F1, F2
cia cdc nguyin dm trong tiing N ng trin tfinh l.
[brmrnt
Nguy6n
Fl (Hz)
F2 (Hz)
176
:430
501
:239
616
2096
83t
t526
t4z7
167
l.ll9
517
r295
594
l4l7
371
\3t
lol
178
970
i./
60r
1023
im
til
Itl
lutJ
,ii
HQ
thing nguven dm don tieng Nitng vdn
Ira
6{q lsrr6 h dlq
ftg
Vatr
,orr!&
IO
ltl
le
t
i
8B-
II
f,
o
J
s
G
&
ID
Tr6nco s0 giri tri Fl, F2 cia cric nguy6n im n6u hdn vi sU tuoog ung gita
Johnson I l], chrlng t6i tllnh vi ilugc ciic nguy6n dm ti6ng Ntng Ven nhu bi6u dti Hinh l.
D6i voi nguydn6m tl6i /eal, chring t6i dn titin hnnh do diSn tii5n gi6 tri F I vd F2 tr6n toin b6 chiAu dai
cta nguyCn im tl6 th6y 16 xu huong dich chuydn cua lu0i. K6t quri th6 hi6n tr€n dti thi nhu sau:
dich chuy6n cria ludi
(stng)
Hinh 3. Di6n ti€n Ft vd F2 ctia [Sea3a3J g4ch)
2 vd Hinh 3 n6u tr€n, Fl vi F2 cua nguydn dm ddu c6 xu hu6ng chung ld giim din 6 nua
Lfinh 2. Didn ti6n
Ft
vd F2
cia [kea
?]
d cn Hinh
i.
,
cu6i cta nguy6n dm. Fl co muc d6 suy giim l6n. hon. F2. Trong cd hai truong hqp, Fl d6u xuAt phrit d
khoing tr6n duoi 800H2, duy tri hoic giim nhg tin s6 ndy cho tl6n khoing % truong d0 thi girim manh
xu6ng cdn khoing 300H2-400H": Trong khi tI6, F2 giim nhg tu muc tr6n duoi l.400Hz xur5ng con khoing
1.200H2. D6i chi6u voi Bing 1 v6 giri tri Fl, F2 cta cric nguyen em rong ti6ng Ntng V6n c6 th6 khdng clinh
trong qurl trinl cdu im nguyen Am tl6i ndy, ludi xuat phet tir d6 neng thap, ddng giira sau tl6 dich chuyen
toi vi tri ludi co dQ ndng hoi cao ctng ddng. Nhin chung. cdc k6t qud phdn tich thgc nghiQm bing phin mi:m
Praat d6i voi hQ th6ng nguy€n 6m ti6ng Ning V6n ttdu khing ttinh k6t qud m6 ti theo 6n tuong thinh gi6c.
Bdn canh c6c hi$n nrqng ngt im m6 te d tren, tu lieu thu thap dugc cing cho thiy su xl dthiQn cna fil
vd / md vd nguy6n tac, c6 th6 tlua ra giii thuyilt im vi hgc coi chtng nhu lA mQt thdnh t6 cla dm chinh
trong cdu trfc vdn ti6ng Ntng V6n. Nhu viy c6 the xuit hi6n cric nguy€n 2m ddi lial, lid/,liel, liul, liol,litl,
lii.l, lutl, lujl, luel,iuil... Tuy nhi6n, gini phip niy sC lAm teng dQt bitln sil luqng im vi nguy€n am trong
ti6ng Ntng V€n vd do viy, chtng t6i coi tt6y ld hai bin nguyen 6m d6ng vai trd ldm im dem vd im cui5i
trong ciu truc v6n cta ti6ng Nirng VBn.
C6 th6 th6y, so voi hQ th6ng nguy0n dm theo m6 ti cta Jerold Edmondson vi cric cQng s1r [2], tu liQu tiiing
Ntrng V€n do ching t6i khio srit nim 2022 di kh6ng cdn ghi nhan c6c
34
Ng6n ngir s6 9 ndm2022
I
Ntns vin (1999)
\
Ntne vin (2022)
Nt'ns Vdn ( 1999)
/lak1t /
ier
/.(,iri243l
/Kiiiz)2/
ga
/thii243l
/tnit343/
car cay
ll1m123 /
/SEm--'/
t6c
Nine V6n (2022)
/lek1l/
/peta3/
/pa5a1/
l'ict
con
b6
B6n canlr tt6, tu liQu cta chtng t6i cfing cho thAy sy xu6t hiQn voi tan sii dring k6 cua nguy6y a:"14
.l
vd sy t6n tai cta nguy6n dm ddi /eal md theo m6 ti cria cdc fic giri ndu tr6n, /url xuAt hiQn voi tin s6 ret thap
vi kh6ng c6 nguydn im d6i /eal.
3.j. Dqc itidm kit hqp cia
nguyAn dm
VC kha nang kiit hqp voi.6m cutli, kiit que thiirng k6 tu liQu cho
c6 kh6 ning k6t hqp kh6ng gi6ng nhau, cu th6 nhu Bang 2:
Bdng 2. Khd ndng kit hgp cia nguyAn ,im voi 6m
+
+
+
+
+
e
t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
t
E
E
E
!
J
+
+
J
+
+
+
t
+
k
+
m
+
n
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
u
+
c
+
+
IU
+
+
Bdng 3. Kho ndng kAt hqp cia nguy4n dn voi ph4 6m ddu
0i
a
+
+
+
+
cuii
thiy ciic nguy€n im trong ti6ng Ntng
,l_
+
+
+
+
,cro
i
.
Bnng t6ng hqp o tr€n_cho th6y c6c nguy6n im /i, e, s, a, A, u, o, c, 5/ c6 khi ndng k6t hgp voi nhi6u Arn
khi nSng ki5t hgp cria. /e/ vi /ual li iit hpa ch6. Trong khi nguy6n a. Zul
i-i kiit hqp voi
*qii
nguyEn Am /e, e/ c6 th6-kiit hqp voi 8/10.dm cu5i; cric nguy€n im /i, r. u, c/ "O-tt
c6 th6 ktit hqp voi
21191"
7/10 im cu6i thi nguo. c lqi, nguy6n 6,m leel chi xuet hien trong 6m tiet mo ve nguy6n im /a/ chi k6t hqp
tlugc vdi brin nguydn 6m /j/. X6t v€ m6t xu huong thi cric nguyEn dm hAng tru
cui5i trong khi
Vd khi nang ktit hqp voi am dAu, ktit qun thiSng k6 tu liQu cho thfy tinh h4ng hrong tu voi sg kh6c biQt
dring k6 gita c6c nguy6n dm (Bing 3). Bang 3 cho th6y c6c nguy€n 6m li, a, d, ul k6t hqp duo.,c voi rit cri
cric phg Am
l.
K6t luin
Phan trinh bay trCn ildy cho chirng.ta thiy h6- thring ngt im tii5ng Nring Vdn khri ggn nhg, bao gdm I I
nguydn rim don vd 0l nguy€n im d6it d6i lAp nhau vd dQ ning cria luOi, huong dich chuydn cta ludi. truong
dQ.vA kh:ic nhau vd kha ndng k6t hqp voi phu am dau vri phq 6m cu6i. HQ th6ng niy da c6 nhtng biiin d6i
nhdt tllnh so voi m6 ti cria Jerold Edmondson vi cic cQng sy [2].
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I
reng
V
l9l
l. Tran Tri DOi, /Vgd n ngt cac ddn rQc thidu si d viet Nan,Nxb D4i hQc eu6c g-ia Ha NOi, 2016.
2. Edmondson J., Nguy6n VAn Lqi, Hoang VIn Ma, T4 VIn Thdng, 1{irg Vin (-Enh) - mQr ng6n ngir Kadai moi dtryc
ptuit hi€n, Ng6n ngt, sd 5, 1999.
3. Nguy€n ThiQn Giiry, Cdc phuong phdp nghiAn ciu ngdn ngf, Nxb Gi6o dgc, 2009.
4. Le van LO, NguyEn Hnu ThAu, Mac Dudn g, Cdc ddn t6c ihitiu si d Viet Nam,Nxb Ven h6a, 1959.
5. Ta VIn Thdng. T4 Quang Ttng, Ngrin ngt cdc ddn rQc o yie, Nan, Nxb Dqi hqc Th6i Nguy€n. 2017.
6. Doetr Thien ThuaL He hdng ngn dm tidng Tcy - Nitng.Trorg fim hieu ng6n ngt ctic ddn t6c rhiiu sd o yiit N@1, 19'72-
HQ
th6ng nguyOn
im...
135
7. ViQn D6n tQc hoc, Cac ddn t7c it ngni d ViQt Nam (aic tinh phia Bdc),Nxb Y,,hoa hqc xa hoi, 2014.
8. ViQn D6n tqc hqc, 56 uy vi cdc ddn rQc d Yiet Nam,NxbK\oa hqc x6 hQi, t983.
Ti€ng Anh
9. Edmondson, Jerold A., Kra or Kadai languages, The Tai-Kadai Languages, Routtedge, London, 2008.
10. Jerold A. EdmondsorU Notes on the suMtvisiot$ m Kra, Joumal ofGuangxi Univemity for Nationalities 33. 8-t4, 201l.
ll. Peter Ladeford, Keith Johnson,,4 course in phonetics (si;,- edition), Wadswoth Cengage leaming, USA,20l l.
12. Phillip Cart, A glossary of phonologt, Edinburgh University Press, UK, 2008.
PHU LUC
Nguy€n
/l/
lm
NguyGn
/e/
lm
lm /r/
fomrnt fl
Nguy6n
lm /e/
fl
T2
([z)
(tL)
/pP/(lua)
{!l
:.1 '.
/d3/{b'h)
j\.1
l'l
/tixr/(dy)
169
t445
/dr'?/(chl)
500
2270
/dn/(b0
696
l0s
icdn/ (,n)
lllLr
,e#/{gil
119
1365
agl(hi)
6t3
ll69
ird-/(nii)
[]
lils
ul0
Itnrg linh
t0t
2239
hatg hinl
636
u96
lffighirh
Eil
t526
[or0elt
hirl(n6r)
Trug
bnth
176
Nguy0n 6m
[ormanl
/pr"'/
(c{,iu
phh)
[ornut
!i
/i/
tl
u
(Hr)
(H4
Nguy6n 6m
TI
n
tflr)
(llz)
[ormrnl
vi
ti
(lL)
/u/
Nguy6n
TI
n
(1lr)
(tlr)
It59
llt
huxri(chi)
149
l116
he323/(cu)
id:/(nhr)
llc
11115
,te31(sitD)
li0h
1565
/!ul:ri
(mM)
101
I4:II
Truaghnrh
8i0
t42i
Trung hinh
36i
t1t9
im /u/
FI
(}Iz)
(}lz)
159
9()4
/tu232/ <3f
354
It5 7
/tu'"/ (nsdi)
40t
37r
9()5
Nguy6n
dU
/pu323/
(ndi)
im /a/
Formrnl
stl.t
/Dio313/
Trung binh
vl dq
,fto'r1l (anh)
/too32/
,167
(aiiins)
4'79
/sorjr'?/ (bAn bac)
8Aa
(H4
v1
B4l
l:71
151
t212
5ti
t295
Formant
Vi dq
/kee33?/ 1sungl
F2
It97
/8s.33/ (sech)
/r/
FI
lf2
<11.1
/p:'3r"/ (ddi)
637
(ddu)
/crr3/ (cht)
641
t()62
525
lot4
,/.hr33/
I_ql
1.1.1.1
119
1597
/i/
tl
T2
(tu)
ip6nmi(no)
614
1.179
/Dadni(dihitr)
j-.1
t.lll
/6rrr/(sii)
i86
t455
IruXbinh
591
uli
vid!
Nguyon em /€a/
F2
1003
Nguy6n 6m
n
(llr)
(llz)
[ormanl
F2
(cii bta)
TI
(Hr)
Nguy6n Am
(k)
Nguydn 6m /o/
FI
(Hz)
[ormanl
\:idu
l(rl0
Vidq
81:
t2
(flr)
rd']/(6war)
tidli(rtng)
/cilrl (nlan)
\/f
Nguy6n
/(tap3s1jee232l
102 -l
(yem)
FI
(Hzl
(Hz)
765.54t236
822.7 | t7 42
8t2.239563
1439.290068
1417.734803
1367.602591
111.47A629
550.707670
1334.74071|
t301.597650
440.5453U
t246.854805
409.550577
400.142127
4o4.296913
426.637155
823.953193
776.403299
741.536016
621.516957
477.73240't
337.941954
309.995727
475.147613
609.242936
658.324707
604.690358
534.337381
502.4064t 5
480.75953r
411.456605
t202.1s68t0
t2t0.599364
F2
1338.846850
t342.241495
r313.835751
1288.500708
1234.734091
t225.374323
t214.6262t3
1234.894394
t224.771623
1844.378789
1606.907226
1405.3s 1373
1298.992831
1233.26162t
I164.2t4133
I t47.782273
1t75.0269t9
