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TESTING
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
DESIGNING MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS
Start with Test Specifications
Addresses curriculum objectives in
terms of performance (can do)
Outline of the test
Skills and topics to be included
Item types and tasks
Elicitation and response formats for
items
Number of items in each section
Time allocation and plan for scoring
Advantages of Multiple Choice
Items
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•
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•
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Good discrimination among levels of ability
High reliability
Valid indicators of overall language ability
Highly practical: convenient administer
Well-established producers to analyze items
Writing ability does not affect performance
Cost-effective format – easy scoring and
grading
• Familiarity of students with MCQs
Disadvantages of Multiple Choice
Items
• Tendency to treat words as
independent linguistic units
• Difficulty in construction
• Field-testing, analysis, refinement
required
• 25% chance of guessing correctly
• Items may test knowledge of
distracters
• Wrong answer may result from lack
of understanding of syntax (English)
• Permits only limited sampling of
total knowledge
• Tests only recognition knowledge
• Restrict what can be tested
• Washback may be harmful
• Cheating may be facilitated
Terminology
Every multiple choice item has a
stem, which presents a stimulus and
several options or alternatives to
choose from. One of these options, the
key, is the correct response. The
others serve as distractors
TEST TASKS
GRAMMAR
SelectedLimited
response tasks production
tasks
•Multiple-choice
•Gap
–filling
•True/false
•Cloze
•Matching
•Short
answer
•Discrimination
•Dictation
activities
•Word list activities •Information
tranfer
•Grammatically
judgment activities •Dialogue
•Noticing activities completion
Extendedproduction
tasks
•Essays,
summaries
•Dialogues,
interviews
•Role-plays,
simulations
•Stories, reports
•Information-gap
•Problems-solving
•Decision making
VOCABULARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Matching items
Matching format
Blank-filling/ completion
Multiple-choice matching
Sentence-writing
READING AND
LISTENING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cloze
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Editing
Sequencing
Information Transfer
