BAI
DINH
M0T VUNG VAN HOA
1

VL 3
NGO VAN MINH B, '33 3
BAI
DfNH
MOT VUNG VAN HOA
NHA XUAT BAN THE
GIOT

Ngo Van Minh
Ldi
tua
G
ia Sinh la xa miin nui, ban san dia, phia
Nam huyen Gia Viin, tinh Ninh Binh. Day
Id mot vung dat cd cd be ddy lich sd vd van hod
td rat lau ddi.
Cac nhd khao cd hoc dd cdng bd ket qua
cho biet rang, ngUdi Viet co dd sinh sdng d ddy
tu: thdi dqi Dd mdi, sa ky Kim khi, each ngay
nay 3 - 4.000 nam. Phong canh nui song nai ddy
ky tu. Song Hoang Long vd sdng Le nhd hai con
rong ldn dm phia Tay Nam vd Tay Bdc xa, boi
ddp phu sa cho dong dat ma mau. Phia Dong
Nam la ddi nui hung vi keo ddi td San Lai (Nho

Quan) den TrUdng Yen (Hoa Lu) nhu bdc trudng
thanh chien luy vo cung hiem yeu. Nui doi
quanh co khudt khuc tao nen nhieu thung lung
dep, co nhieu gd va cdy thudc quy, chim mudng,
thu rdng vd nhitng hang dong ky tu.
Gia Sinh vd cac dia phuong trong vung cd
the nui sdng hiem trd, nen nai ddy tdng la dia
ban chien luqc, Id phdng tuy en an ngd vd diem
phat xuat cua bao dao hung binh trong tien
Bdi
Dfnh
- Mot Vung Van Hoa
trinh diing nUdc vd giit nitdc oanh liet cua ddn
tpc ta tit thai dqi cac Vua Hung.
Nhan ddn Gia Sinh can cu lao dong va anh
dung ddu tranh bao ve que huang, gdp phdn ciing
quan, ddn Gia Viin vd cd nude lap nen bao chien
cdng trong cudc khang chien chong thuc ddn
Phap xam luqc vd khang chien chong My ciiu
nddc. NgUdi Anh Hung Lao ddng vd Anh hung
Ldc luqng vu trang ddu tien cua huyen Gia Viin
dd xuat hien tren manh dat nay, cung bao Liet si,
chien si each mang, gia dinh cd cdng vdi nude,
mdi mdi la niem tu hao khong chi cua que huang
Gia Sinh md cua ca huyen Gia Viin ndi chung.
Gia Sinh con ndi tieng vdi bao huyen sd,
huyen tich ly ky nhu huyen tich ve sU ra ddi cua
ddc vua Binh Tien Hoang, ve sdng Hoang Long,
Bdi Binh, Sinh Buqc, hang Tien, Long An
Huyen thoqi, huyen tich vi dng Khong Lo Id

bieu tdqng lung linh vi ngudi Anh Hung Van
Hod cd ten that Id Nguyin Chi Thanh, que
Biem BdangIGiang (nay thudc xa Gia Thdng,
Gia Tien, huyen Gia Viin) gdn liin vdi ten dat,
ten lang, ten doi, ten nui cua Gia Sinh vd
nhdng vung phu can ve viec ddng dd, danh
ludi, cau cd, trong vUdn thudc quy ciiu ddn; lap
am thd Phat tren ddng Bdi Binh ddy dqc tren
manh dat dia linh nhan kiet nay. Vd td ddu tich
lich sd, van hod tit ngan xUa dy, nay mdt Trung
tam Tam linh - chua Bdi Binh - ditqc xdy ddng
vdi quy md vd tam ca qudc gia nai ddy da lam
cho Bdi Binh cd kinh, huyin thoqi bdng sdi
6
Ngo Van Minh
ddng, tap nap, cd tieng vang xa, lan toa trong vd
ngoai nitdc.
Nhan ddn Gia Sinh cdng tu hao ve truyen
thong yeu nUdc vd each mang, lqi cdng ra sdc
cung nhan ddn huyen Gia Viin, tinh Ninh Binh
vd cd nude, dudi sU lanh dao cua Bang, xay
dung que huang ngay cdng them gidu dep, vdng
manh trong sU nghiep cong nghiep hod, hien
dqi hod ddt nUdc, trd thanh mot dia chi ddy hap
ddn, an tuong, lich lam cua du khach vd bdu
ban bon phuong.
Bdi Binh - Gia Sinh Id mot vung van hoa
- Van hod qua khd, hien tai vd cd trong tuang
lai! Mot vung nui song ky tu, huyin thoqi dang
md rong vdng tay vd tam long hdn hoan don

chdo ban hUu xa gdn.
Xin trdn trong gidi thieu cung quy dqc gid
cuon "Bdi Dinh - mot vung van hoa" cua tac
gid Ngd Van Minh, mdt ngudi con que huang
viet ve que nhd vdi nhitng ddng viet mdc mac,
hap ddn, mot long tri an sau sdc - Nhu mot lai
gidi thieu sue tich ve que cha ddt td cua minh
vd cung Id mdt ldi mdi chdo trdn trong, thdm
tinh cua ddt vd ngitdi Gia Sinh vd nhan ddn
Gia Viin vdi ban hdu bon phuong.
Cuon sach cung cap cho ngUdi dqc khd
nhiiu tu lieu vd sU kien quy, giup chung ta
them hieu, them yeu men ddt Gia Sinh, mdt ddi
ddt ke can vdi Cd dd Hoa Lti lich sd vd que
huang sinh Vuong sinh Thanh cua huyen Gia
Bai Dinh - Mot
Vung
Van Hoa
Viin, tinh Ninh Binh, long nhu lohg khdng the
it nhdt mot ldn trong ddi tim ve manh ddt dia
linh - nhan kiet nay de thudng ngoqn, tieu dao!
Thu - Bong nam Mdu Ty, 2008
Tritctng Dinh Tiidng
Gidm doc Bien anh tinh Ninh Binh
Trudng Chi hdi Khoa hoc lich sd Viet Nam
tinh Ninh Binh
TrUdng Chi hoi Van nghe ddn gian Viit Nam
tinh Ninh Binh
Ngo Van
Minh

Chtfdng
I:
Bai
Dinh
d^t va ngudi
Cr
nui Ky Lan thanh pho'
Ninh
Binh
con dUOng
Trang An. Dudng quanh co trong nui, nui
ngiit
ngan, thap cao dii
loai.
ChUa het cam
xiic
thanh
than khi duqc chiem ngudng canh dep
ciia
vung
Ha
Long can, xe vCfa chdm doan cudi con dudng
ban da duqc tam mat bdi gio
ciia
song Hoang
Long
thdi
tdi. TCf den
Vtfc
Vong dudng chay ben

bd
song, mot khoang
sang
lap lanh
ciia
vung
song nUdc ua vao xe
ciia
ban, qua cau Den, trudc
mat ban la nui Bai
Dinh.
Nui Bai
Dinh
la ngon
nui
cao nhat, hung vi nhat nhu mai nha
ciia
ca
vung.
Xung quanh nui la cac lang Xuan
Tri,
Sinh
Duqc,
Le Thuqng, Le Tri (hai thon nay con goi la
Luong
Son), Son Tien, hinh thanh 11 xom
ciia
xa
Gia
Sinh, huyen Gia

Viin,
tinh
Ninh
Binh.
Cung vdi cac xa Gia Phong, Gia
Minh
ciia
hiiyen
Gia
Viin,
Son Thanh, Thanh Lac, Thuqng
Hoa, Lac Van, Ddc
Long,
Phii
Loc, Quynh Luu,
vao tham khu hang dong
9 •
Bai
Dinh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
San Ha, San Lai
ciia
huyen Nho Quan, Gia Sinh
la
diem
cudi

ciia
dong bang Bac Bo, la vung tiep
giap
giffa
dong bang Bac Bo va vung trung du
ciia
tinh
Thanh Hoa va deu la chau tho
ciia
song
Hoang
Long.
Song Hoang
Long
la hqp lUu
ciia
ba
dong
song, song
Lang,
song Sui, Song Boi. Song
Sui
bat nguon tii khu vuc
vUdn
qudc gia Cue
Phuang, qua cau Sui xudng vung Lang Phong, gap
song Lang chay tit vung chq Dap, Yen
Thuy,
Hoa
Binh

ve nga ba Dong
Dinh
(thuoc xa Thuqng Hoa,
huyen
Nho Quan,
tinh
Ninh
Binh).
Tit nga ba
Dong
Dinh
chay den
Kenh
Ga (thuoc xa Gia
Thinh,
huyen Gia
Vien)
gap song Boi chay tii
vung
Dam Da, Chi Ne, Hoa
Binh
den, tu" day la
song Hoang
Long.
Diem
thuqng nguon
ciia
song
Hoang
Long

la nga ba
Kenh
Ga nai co sudi nUdc
nong
tu nhien noi
tieng.
Vdi 10 km chay den
ciia
Gian
Khau,
Hoang
Long
nhap vao song Day. Tu"
vung
nui diep trung
ciia
Hoa
Binh,
Ciic
Phuang
mai
nha
ciia
Khu Ba, hang ngan con sudi nho tao
nen song Sui, song
Boi,
song
Lang,
khi qua
Kenh

Ga, dong song rong menh mong, den nga ba song
Le
nhap them dong song Le, tit day song udn
luqn
ve phia dong bac chay sat vao chan nui Bo
Dinh
tao thanh vong cung song 6m lay cac xa Gia
Phuang, Gia
Trung,
Gia Thang, Gia
Tien.
TCf chq
Sinh
Duqc cu ra den
ciia
Gian
Khau
dong song
nho dan, tai
ciia
Gian
Khau
dong chay that lai
nhu
mot cai nut do, vao mua mUa nUdc d
ciia
Gian
Khau
do ra song Day nhu mot dong
thac

ldn,
nude a song Hoang
Long
co khi cao han nUdc song
Day
hang met.
10
Ngo Van
Minh
Cau tao cua
song
la vay, nen tu" ciia Gian
Khau
ngUcfc ve thuc/ng nguon cac nai nhu Tuy
Hdi,
Chi Phong Ha, Diem Duong, Diem Xa, Chi
Phong Thucmg, Dong Khe, Trung Dong, Dai Him,
Bo
Dinh,
chin lang Le, Sinh Ducfc, Xuan Tri la
rdn
nUdc, la vung tu khi tu thuy. Tam diem ciia
vung tu khi tu
thiiy
rong ldn nay la vong cung
song
Dai Hdu (thuoc cac xa Gia Trung, Gia
Phuang,
Gia Tien, Gia Thang) va vong cung nui
Bai

Dinh
xa Gia Sinh (deu thupc huyen Gia
Viin,
tinh
Ninh
Binh).
Nam d phia
hiiu
ngan
song
Hoang Long, xa
Gia
Sinh vdi dien
tich
tu nhien la
2.048ha,
gan
7.000
nhan khau. Dat chia lam hai phan nui da,
doi
dat va ruong cay
liia.
Nui da, doi dat chiem
hau het dien
tich
ciia xa, ngoai mot so' ngon nui
doc san nhu nui Han Cay, Ham Rong, Hang
Trai,
Nui
Nhan, Nui Lang Doi, Nui Le, Nui Thanh

Luang, Nui Kham Nui doi tap trung d hai vong
cung chinh:
Vong
cung phia dong nam bat dau td day
nui
Con Lqn, nui Phudng sat
song
Hoang Long
chay
vao den vung Ciia Ui, thung Lang giap vdi
Trudng Yen,
Ninh
Van,
Ninh
Hai ciia huyen Hoa
Lu,
San Ha ciia huyen Nho Quan.
Vong
cung phia tay bac bat dau la nui Le
sat vdi
song
Hoang Long tiep den la nui U Bo,
vung nui Ba
Chac,
doi Le
chay
dai vao den nui
Khai
va vung doi nui ciia cac xa San Lai, Quynh
Luu

ciia huyen Nho Quan.
11 •
Bai
Dinh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
Diing
d vi tri dau hai canh cung nui nay va
cung la an ngu" canh cung song Bo
Dinh,
Dai
Hffu,
Diem
DUdng,
Diem
Xa chang biet thien nhien co
sap xep gi khong, ma dau canh cung phia tay bac
riiii
Le
nhu mot con Ky Lan, dau canh cung phia
dong nam la nui Ham Rong, hai ngon nui nay deu
quay ve phia Bo
Dinh
noi sinh ra vua
Dinh,
dung
la

the Rong chau, Lan phuc.
Toan bo lang mac ruong
vUdn
ciia
nhan dan
trong
xa nam gon trong hai vong cung
niii
doi noi
tren.Vdng
cung
niii
doi nay doi dien vdi vong
cung song Hoang Long phia chan
niii
Bo
Dinh.
Ben
nay
niii
non
hiing
vi, ben kia song udn lupn
nen tho, that la thu hung giao hoan, son
thiiy
hai
hoa la vung dat hun due khi thieng song
niii,
noi
ma "Dqi HQu

sinh vitong Diem Duong sinh
thanh"
la day.
Nui
Bai
Dinh
nam or
giffa
hai vong cung d6i
niii
nay vdi do cao gan 200m la dinh cao nhat of
day, tat ca cac ngon
niii,
doi
ciia
hai vong cung
deu quay ve Bai
Dinh
nhu
trieu
bai.
Niii
doi phia
tay Bai
Dinh
tao dong chay ve phia tay, nUdc dd
ve xa Son Lai (Nho Quan). Phia dong Bai
Dinh
nUdc do ve song Hqang
Long.

Mua mUa phia dong
Bai
Dinh
co 5 dong chay chinh. Phia bac Bai
Dinh
co hai dong chay: Dong
thii
nhat tu"
niii
Khoi,
Ao Ho chay ra Cau Da. Dong
thii
hai tii
cac doi
Niim,
bai
Xich
Cho chay theo Song Bo ra
Dong
Niia.
Phia nam Bai
Dinh
cung co hai dong
chay: Dong
thii
nhat td
Ciia
Ui ra Hang Nude.
Dong
thii

hai td vung doi
Voi,
doi Leu, sudn phia
12
Ngo Van
Minh
nam Bai
Dinh
chay ra Ben Boi (Dong
Md).
Chinh
gitfa
la dong chay tir Hoc Ca xudng song Mo.
La
vung dat doi nui, dong ruong giao thoa
do vay d vung nay co rat nhieu mom nUdc tu
nhien
nUdc quanh nam khong bao gid can dien
hinh
la mom nUdc "rdn
rong"
nam d doi Le phia
tay Bai
Dinh
va mom nUdc "hoc Cd Phe" phia
dong nui
Dinh.
Trong quan the nui da, do la vung
rdn
nUdc mua mUa nUdc

ngap
5-6 thang vi vay da
tao ra rat nhieu hang dong dep. Cac ngon doc sdn
canh song Hoang Long nhu nui Le, nui Hon Cay,
nui
Ham Rong co hinh dang ky
thii.
Trong long
cac ngon nui PhUdng,
niii
Bai
Dinh,
nui An Ma
deu co nhiing hang dong than tien. Dong Bai
Dinh
duqc xem la dep nhat vung "Ban
Long, Bich
Bong
xem con kem day". Dudng hang dong xuyen
nui
An Ma d canh cung phia dong nam, cufa phia
bac la Hang
Vong^
cda phia nam la Hang Nude
ten la dong Long An vdi do dai gan 2km
dupe
coi
la
mot trong nhdng dudng
thiiy

dong dep nhat
trong
quan the hang dong Trang An.
Nui
da, doi dat xen lan ruong cay lua, phia
tay bac la song Le, phia dong bac la song Hoang
Long:
Bai
Dinh
la vung
kinh
te da nang. Rdng va
nui
da khong nhiing cung cap vat
lieu
xay dung
ma con co nhieu cac
loai
duqc
lieu,
dong, thuc vat
khac. Dong vat d day rat phong phu dudi song la
torn,
ca, ba ba, rai ca Tren nui la chon, sdc, cay
hUdng,
don, khi, sdn dUdng,
riia,
tran, ran, dc
nui
TrUdc

day mua ngo vao "bap", cd vang vang mat
trdi
la tdng dan khi lai hu goi nhau xudng be ngo
13 •
Bai
Dinh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
dan trong trong cac thung lung. Con dc nui thi
ngay ca bay giet cii mita dau miia ha, ngay sau
mtfa
ban len nui la co the bat
dtfcfc
hang
vdc. Neu
co 6c nui, ban hay tha vao nUdc, ngam khoang
niia
ngay de no thai het rdt rai, sau do rda
sach
roi
luoc tdi chin, kheu rupt cham mam gdng. Day
la
mon dac san vda ngon, vda bd dudng. Chim
choc
d day cung con nhieu loai dung la trong rdng
ba mUoi sau thd chim nhU: my, sao, khudu, da da,
bim

bip, cu gay, vang anh, phuong
hoang
dat (con
thay xuat hien d vung thung Ui va vung nui giap
vdi
TrUdng Yen), ga rdng,
cheo
beo
Neu di budi
sang
ban se
dupe nghe
tieng riu rit ciia my,tieng
veo von cua khudu, budi chieu
nang
quai ve horn
tieng gu cua cu gay lai lam ban thay gan gui
trong
canh
lang que thanh binh. Dong vat la the,
thuc vat cung rat da dang, cay lay gd co rat nhieu
loai
nhU:
Trai,
sen, tau, 6 do, do vang (cay nay
con cho qua an rat ngon) mang, muong, trac,
trac
thdi
(gd sua: d nui Than lang Luong Son co rdng
sua

hang
ngan cay) Rau qua dii
loai,
mot sd dac
san den nay van con nhu rau
sang
(d nui Thd,
Luong
Son), hat de (d nui Thanh Luong), reu da
(hay con goi la sun da) thudng co sau mUa, lay ve
rufa
sach
chan
qua nUdc soi, vat kho tron vdi
vdng,
rau thorn ban se co mon nqm tuyet vdi.
Trong
hau het cac thung lung deu co rat nhieu
cay rau rUdng, la dung de nuoi lqn, vo loai cay
nay la nguyen
lieu
duy
nhat
de che tao giay gio.
Dieu
dac biet la tren
khap
nui, ddi, ddng ruong
quanh vung Bai
Dinh

co rat nhieu loai nam
dupe
nhU:
Ha thu 6, Son thu (rl cay son thu), Hoang
•
14
Ngo Van
Minh
ba (cay nuc nac, loai cay nay vo lam thudc, go rat
giong
vang tam nen dan gian co cau: Vao rdng
khong biet ldi ra, thay cay nuc nac tudng la vang
tam), Hoai sen, Cat can, Dd trong (vo cay
sang
trang), Ban ha, Bach bo, Sinh dia, Chan chim,
Ngu
gia bi, Ke huyet dang, Bac khau, Phong
phong, Bd cong anh, Bong ma de, Kim ngan, Lac
tien,
Bim bim,
Binh
voi, Re
quat,
Khiem thuc (cii
siing),
Lien
nhue
(hat sen), Ngu boi tii, Ca doc
duqc, cay
trinh

nd, day
hoang
dang, Nam
bach
chi,
bd chich, Dau xUOng, re mat qui, y thiem,
muc thong, bd cot toai, thd
phuc
linh,
long cong,
bd
cinch sam,
dang
sam
That
xiing
danh la vung
Sinh Duqc (thudc sdng). Ddi dat de
chan
nuoi,
phat
trien cay cong nghiep nhu mia, diia, vdng,
lac va cac loai cay mau nhu khoai, san nhieu loai
cay mau dac san nhu cii tu", dong trang, khoai so
d
vung nay ngon ndi tieng. Ruong chiem, ruong
mua nam hai vu Ida mot vu mau va trong rau
xanh cung cap dii cho nhan dan trong xa. Ay vay
ma do la vung xa lu trUdc day khi
chua

co de quai
nam nao lu lut cung tan pha
nang
ne, cac tran hit
ciia
nhiing nam 1978, 1985 ca xa hau nhu nha
nao cung bi thiet hai ve nha ciia, hoa mau. Dat
thi
nhieu
song
chi cay
dupe
mot vu, dan khong dii
an. Cac lang Le va Sinh Duqc, Xuan Tri co le
trUdc kia la rdng ram va dam lay do phu sa
song
Hoang Long vui lap di ma nen,
bang
chiing la khi
dao, nan
song
Hoang Long tu" Gia Lac den Gia
Sinh, dudi mat dat la mot ldp than bun nhieu chd
con ca nhdng than cay to bi vui lap dudng
kinh
rong
hang
met. Td xa xUa
hang
nam phu sa

theo
15 •
Bai
Bfnh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
nude lu chay ve lang dong d chan cac ngon nui,
dat cd the noi dan len thanh go ddng rdi thanh
cac bai ldn, dan den day khai khan dung thanh
xom
ap lang mac.
Theo cac tai
lieu
khao cd dupe cong bo' gan
day thi vung Bai
Dinh
trUdc kia da la noi d cua
ngUdi
viet
cd. Tai nui Thung
Binh
nay thuoc xom
7 xa Gia Sinh co 5 hang da quay ve phia dong
nam cua nui, mdi hang dien
tich
td 50-70m
2

cda
hang cao td 7-9m so vdi mat ruong. Tren nen
hang xuat hien tang van hoa khao cd gdm vo
nhuyln
the nUdc ngqt (dc nui, dc sudi, trung
true.)
vo nhuyln the nUdc man (dc bu giac, hau,
so huyet,
ngao
dau) cung xUOng thu va cong cu dd
da duqc lam td da
cuoi.
Day la nhdng di
tich
thuoc nen van hoa khao cd hoc da mdi Hoa
Binh
each
ngay nay tren dudi mot van nam. Cung noi
them
rang
each
nui Thung
Binh
ve phia dong
nam khoang 3km la thung Ui, noi co hang But la
noi
da phat hien di chi khao cd hoc
thdi
dai van
hoa Hoa

Binh.
Cu dan van hoa Hoa
Binh
thudng
song thanh tdng nhom (nhom hang,
niii
da) quay
theo hudng nam
hoac
tay nam khai
thac
nguon
thdc an d nhdng thung lung (hoa, qua, cu,
chim,
thu,
nhuyln the). Nhdng di vat la vo nhuyln the
bien
cho thay cU dan van hoa Hoa
Binh
d day da
tiep
xuc va khai
thac
nguon thdc an d bien (bien
luc
do con vd song d vung TrUdng Yen, Hoa Lu
each
do khoang td 3-4km).
Dieu
dang chu y la ldp

tren
cua tang van hoa khao cd con xuat 16 mot so'
manh gdm thuoc
giai
doan
thdi
ky kim khi
each
16
Ngo
Van
Minh
ngay nay
tu"
3.000 den 4.000 nam. Trong thung Ui
la
thung Lang, thung Cung va cac thung khac
theo truyen thuyet la kho, dun cua cac
trieu
dai
trUdc
day, vung nay con luu truyen cau ca:
"Thung
Cung
cho chi
thung Lang, hang tram thdi vdng
ta
de
co nai".
Cung theo tai

lieu
khao co, dudi chan doi
phu
lang thd Duyen Khang cong chua va Trudng
Quoc cong chua, vao mua nUdc can xuat 16 via
gach ngoi dang gach that (xay thanh) gach vuong
(lat
nen) trang tri hoa sen, dau ngoi dng trang tri
hoa sung giup chung ta nhan biet noi day dudi
thdi
Dinh,
Le
each
ngay nay khoang mot ngan
nam co nhdng cong
trinh
kien true qui mo. Chung
ta da biet rang
Dinh
Tien Hoang De trUdc khi
xay dUng
kinh
do Hoa Lu Ong da cho xay dung
hanh do
(kinh
do tam
thdi
d vung Son Lai, Nho
Quan). Vay dia diem Phu Lang nam & phia
lidiu

song Hoang Long la noi trung gian giiia^nh^d i
va
kinh
do Hoa Lu nen co vai tro
hefc<gffiqgft]
i
trong
ve mat quan sU, la dia diem trupg^^artDCi
ve dudng song lSn dudng bo, la cda ng6*tu
viSij
nui
phia tay bac (noi co dudng thuqng
ilsfc
Nam)
ve
kinh
do Hoa Lu. Khong chi
trjeul
Dinh,
Le ma nhieu
trieu
dai sau nay da
l&y*v5ng
Bai
Dinh
lam can cd chong quan xam lWc:
Dat
lanh chim dau,
trai
qua cac

thdi
ky
lich
sd dan cac noi den vung Bai
Dinh
lap nghiep
ngay cang dong.
NgUdi
thi thay dat dai mau md
dua gia dinh, ho toe den sinh sdng. Ngudi thi di
lanh
nan do sU truy dudi cua chinh quyen noi
17 •
Bai
Otnh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
khac, den day ta tuc roi lay vo" de con tao nen ca
dong ho. Ngu'di thi la quan quan
trieu
dinh di
chinh
chien qua day bi chinh phuc bdi cac co thon
nd,
sau khuc khai hoan da quay ve xay dung gia
dinh
roi trd thanh cong dan chinh thdc dudi chan

nui
Dinh
Son. M5i ho, moi ngu'di mot hoan canh
khac nhau, day la noi quan
cu"
ciia
nhieu dong ho
tren
khap vung mien dat nude.
Cu"
dan ngay mot
dong due tao thanh lang mac.
Lich
sd cac lang
ditpc
ke
nhii
sau:
Cac lang Le
Ba Vinh An Hoang hau (thdi Le Trung
hung) xudng toe di tu d chua Ha, lang Le Ha
Chan
Himg
ngay nay, mot
thdi
gian sau thay
vung
nui non canh dep tren ben, dudi thuyen Ba
da den khai pha va dung nen chua Le (chua toa
lac d phia tay bac nui Le, nhin xuong dong song

Le)
rdi tru tri d day, td do nui nay cung goi la
niii
Le.
Ciing
vdi viec dung chua Ba cung nhan dan
trong
vung khai khan dat hoang, nong tang cay
cay, dan theo den ngay mot dong lap nen chin
lang
Le. Ba dat ten la: Le Do (nay thuoc xa Gia
Lac)
Le Chom (nay thupc xa Gia Phong) Le Ha,
Le
Hau, Le Trung, Le Coi, Le Phu (nay thupc xa
Gia
Trung) Le Thuqng, Le Tri (nay thupc xa Gia
Sinh)
thupc tdng Le Xa. Tdng Le Xa ton tai hang
may tram nam trong
lich
sd lang xa
Viet
Nam.
•
18
Ngo Van
Minh
Le
Thuqng, Le Tri hai lang nam sat bd

song
Le
(nay goi la thon LU0ng Son) dudi
chan
nui Le,
sat nga ba
song
(noi
song
Le do ra
song
Hoang
Long)
tai day co chq Le quanh nam sam uat, tap
nap ke mua, ngu'di ban,
nhat
la cac loai
hang
nong san dac biet la cac loai
hang
san xuat td
tre, nda nhu
-
: thuyen, nong, nia, thung, mung,
dan,
sang,
riu tep, do torn, do cua Nay nhdng thd
nay hau nhu" khong con. Chq Le cung hop tai hai
dia diem cua hai xa Gia Lac va Gia Sinh.
Lang Le Thuqng, Le Tri deu thd ddc thanh

Cao Son va ba Chua Le Trieu lam Thanh Hoang
lang. Ca hai lang deu co dinh trung, 11 hoi lang
duqc
to
chdc
vao ngay 15 thang 10 am
lich
hang
nam. Hien nay d Luong Son co 9 dong ho sinh
song. Sd dong nhan dan hai lang da chuyen len
khu
ddi phia tren sau tran lut nam 1985.
Di
tich
chua
Le khong con thay vao do la
trudng THPT Gia
Viin
C.
Dinh
Trung hai lang,
mieu
thd Ddc Khong Td d Ddi Gai cung khong
con. Hien nay d Luong Son con den Ba Cay thd
Ba Chua Le Trieu Kim Anh Td Hoa Cong Chiia,
den Thanh Quan thd Ll Quan Cong Bui Thdi
Trung,
den d nui Thanh Luong thd Chua Bach,
den cay Cho thd Ddc Thanh Cao Son.
Dan d cac lang Le

chii
yeu lam
nghe
trong
Ida va rat
gidi
viec danh bat cac loai torn, cua, ca,
tep vi
song
Le bat nguon td vung Ria, Nho Quan
chay
xudng, mang
theo
rat nhieu thdc an, do vay
vung nga ba
song
Le co rat nhieu cua ca Mam
tep chq Le ngon ndi tieng co le day cung la vung
19 •
Bai
Dfnh
-
Mot
Vung
Van
Hoa
san sinh va lUu truyen thUcfng hieu mam tep Gia
Vidn
cho den ngay nay.
Ngoi

ben bat mam tep
thdm
ngon, dam da chan que
vita
thudng thdc
ban vda
nghe
ke ve cac cong doan de co san
pham nay.
NgUdi
dong chiem trung dung lui, riu, do,
vo
de bat tep. Lui, riu, do deu dUdc lam bang
tre,
tre nac che nan deu nhu que tam vdt nhan,
dai
ngan khac nhau tuy theo dung cu can lam.
Lui
hinh
pheu dai khoang 1,5 den 1,8m, mieng
hinh
thang, nan che kin ca tren dudi va hai ben,
cac nan duqc dan co' ket vdi nhau bang sdi moc
lay
td cay moc moc rat nhieu tren
niii,
dan xong
tdng
manh duqc buqc vao khung
chac

chan, lui
dung bat tep d vung nUdc sau. Riu gan gidng lui,
nhung
diing
bat tep d vung nUdc nong nen phia
tren
de hd, phia trUdc than riu la cang riu bang
nam, sau thanh tre dai khoang 2m phia ngoai
cung buqc lai roi
diing
day niu vao than riu, tao
do cong M can rong reu, trong than riu co hai
khoang, khoang phia trong nho hdn dung de chda
tep. Di riu tep la viec kho vi vda phai dun ve phia
trUdc
lai phai vda nang de riu khong sue xuong
bun,
tdc do khong nhanh, khong cham, tdi ky
khong
dUdc day giat cue lam sao de tep khong
chay ra
khoi
riu.
Do
dung de ddm tep thudng goi la do bdi vi
no gidng qua bui, qua tram, dd gdm hai nda neu
tach doi dan giay trang co the lam
chao
den. Dd
co hai ngong dat hai ben ngUdc chieu nhau, mot

dau buoc kin, mot dau hd de dd tep ra khi ddm
•
20
Ngo
Van
Minh
phai
ddt nut dau nay lai. Do thudng dam d nai co
dong nifdc chay, vao nhdng dem co gid ndm va
trang
sang
la dam dufqc nhieu tep nhat, tep la
loai
rat nhay cam vdi anh
sang,
trang cang
sang
tep cang di manh. Khong co trang thi dung den,
duoc, nUdc khong chay thi dap tron mot khoanh
ruong to bang gian nha roi dat do, canh do la
den, cd the tat td trong ra, nUdc d ngoai chay vao,
co dong nUdc chay, thay anh
sang
tep di theo vao
do, day la hinh thdc tat bdng. Gida dem dong gia
lanh,
anh Ida bap bung, tieng gau tat nUdc i udm,
de kiem con tep con torn, cai tan tao cua nong
dan que toi la vay.
Dai

tep, tep bat duqc td riu, lui, dam do
khong
sach
ngay ma phai dai de bo het rdm rac.
Ra dai tep to va nong, dudng
kinh
khoang lm
ben tren co thanh tre buqc ngang. Khi dai, mot
dau ra gac len cqc tre, dau nay cao han mat nUdc,
dau con lai ty vao chan ngUdi dai, thap ben dudi
m&t
nUdc.
NgUdi
dai tep phai ddng ddi dien vdi
mSt
trdi,
dd tep vao ra xong mot tay vd nhe, deu
tren
mat nUdc tep thay dong chay ve phia trUdc,
mot
tay nhat rac vat ve phia sau cac dong tac
phai
rat nhe nhang, chinh xac khong de cho tep
chet.
Muon
tep kho phai vay, vay tep la ca mot
nghe
thuat, thudng ngay chi co mot it rau sdng
ma ban khong co
each

nao lam cho het nUdc, vay
khong
kheo thi trong tay ban chi con rd, rau vang
het ra ngoai. Rd vay tep thudng nho, long sau
dung khoang 2kg tep, khi vay chan budc rong han
vai,
ngUdi ddng
cheo
khoang 30 do hai tay cam rd
21
Bdi
Dinh
-
Mot
Vung
Van Hoa
tep dtfa ve phia trifdc vdi toe do cham vita phai
khi
ro den
ngang
dau thi dtfa xudng toe do nhanh
hon, thinh thoang xoc dao tu"
dtfdi
len tren, cd the
khi
nao het ntfdc thi
thoi.
Lam
mam tep, mam tep co nhieu
loai,

tuy
tdng loai tep (phai la tep
ttfoi)
ma lam mam cho
phu hop. Mam xdi thtfdng lam de an ngay loai nay
khong ken tep, tep rda
sach
de het ntfdc cho vao
co'i
gia, sau do tron mudi thtfdng thi cd 3,5 tep 1
mudi,
sau nay neu
nhat
cho them, khoang 5 den 7
gid
sau thi dd nifdc tron thinh, dung ntfdc soi de
nguoi 1kg tep mot lit ntfdc la vda. Thinh co the la
gao
hoac
ngo rang that vang, gia nho tron deu bit
kin
tranh rudi nhang. Mam
canh
(con goi la mam
nen) loai nay thtfdng de lau do vay phai lam loai
tep gia nhd deu, tren minh co cham dd, goi la tep
do. Tep rda xong de kho khong can gia chi bop
deu vdi mudi (mudi nhieu hdn so vdi lam mam xdi,
3 tep 1 mudi), thinh gao khong can gia, xong trifdc
khi

tron can ngam mot lat cho mem. Cac loai
mam trifdc khi an dam ngay dd vao mot it
rtfdu
cho vda dd, vda thdm. Mam tep thifdng difdc chtfng
vdi
thit
ba chi, hanh va mot it la gdng.
Lang Sinh Duoc
Cach day gan mot ngan nam Ddc Thanh
Nguyln
Minh
Khong (1066 - 1141) da den dong
•
22
Ngo Van Minh
Nguydn Minh Khong (1066 - 1141), ngudi lap dong thd
Phdt tren dinh nui Bdi Dinh vd lap vUbn Sinh Duoc de
chda benh cho nhan ddn
Tuong ddng thd d den Ly Qudc Su tren dinh nui Bdi
Dinh