NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY
FALCULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Subject: Business Statistics
Topic: Effects of part-time job on college
students’ lives in Hanoi

Group 5:
Nguyễn Lâm Thùy An
Ngô Linh Chi
Phùng Đức Hiếu
Nguyễn Thành Long
Cung Bằng Linh
Chu Thị Nga
Phùng Yến Mai


Table of contents:

I. Introduction..........................................................................................
II. Data analysis.......................................................................................
1.
Quantitative data....................................................
2.
Qualitative data......................................................
2.1.
Descriptive statistics..........................
2.2.
Regression model..............................
III. Appendix..........................................................................................

1


I. Introduction:
In Western countries, where time is considered one of the most valuable assets of workers, the
concept of "part-time" was born quite early. Although it has only been around for less than a
decade in Vietnam, with the globalization trend, "part-time" has become a "hot" keyword.
Part- time jobs was born as an effective solution for job seekers to maximize their time and
earn more money. People work "part-time" for a variety of reasons, including the desire to gain
experience for future jobs, the desire to exchange and learn, the desire to constantly change the
working environment, and the desire to renew themselves every day. Therefore,, "part-time"
becomes a benefit, a real hobby, not just a way to make money.
In recent years, "part-time" job has begun to come to students more actively in recent years,
thanks to the outstanding development of the Internet. More than anyone else, "part-time" hits
hard on students, not only because they always need an income to add to their monthly supply, but
also because this class is always ready to work with enthusiasm and dynamism typical of youth.
Students are compared to "time kings", so it is also an opportunity for students
to use their free time to gain experience before entering a professional working environment.

Besides, if you do not have the right orientation about part-time jobs and future goals, but only
focus on immediate goals, forgetting the main task of studying, you cannot balance between
studying and doing part-time jobs will affect the academic results, health, lifestyle of students.
So, part-time jobs can be considered a "double- edged sword". The question is how do students
do part-time jobs to earn extra income, have the opportunity to be close to reality, perfect their
skills without being "alienated", negatively affecting their learning, practice morality and
lifestyle.
Our research team, as students , chose the topic "Effects of part-time job on college students'
lives in Hanoi" in the hopes of generating some ideas and orienting students in choosing parttime jobs, proposing some solutions to help them balance study and part-time work, so that parttime jobs truly support students' learning and self-improvement, as a preparation for them to
conquer the future.


2

II. Data analysis:


1. Quantitative data:
a. About personal information

Male

Educatio
n

39%

Gender
Male

Year 1
Year 2

Female

Year 3

Year 3

Year 4

19%


Year 5

Year 2

Female 56% 61%

survey showed that half of the
people were
sophomore with 55.8%. Following that were senior and junior with approximately
15%. The
number of freshman accounted a small number of people in the survey with
8.696%. Lastly,
the graduates proportion was 2.147%.

Accommodation
Stay with
relatives
4%

Dorm

Other

5%

1%

Home
Rented house

Stay with relatives

Dorm
Other
Rented house

37%

H
o
m
e

5
3
%

Graduated


3


-The number of people working from home during the period of social distancing accounted for
52.9%, that led to the drop in pupils living in rented house or dorm with nearly 4%. The number
of people still renting houses is still there when Hanoi implements social distancing with
36.96%.
- From the above numbers, initially, the research team predicted that part-time jobs would be
considered to have less impact on learning because many jobs take place in the online
environment so students can reduce time and costs for students during pandemic period.

b. Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on studying:

Positive affects to study

-

The majority of people attended the survey acknowledged that having a part-time job
gave them some remarkable benefits both in hard and soft skills:
Communication skill development: 89.6%
Time-management skill: 75.6%
Self-understanding: 60.4%
Social awareness raising: 58.5%
- Beside that, there were some reports showed that working part-time job effected the
efficiency of studying at school:
Knowledge acquisition improvement: 19.5%
Experiences from reality situations: 33.5%
From all of the above, working a part-time job while attending university brought pupils
some significant experiences in life in order to improve their skills to train their ability in
handling situations.


4


Negative affects on study

Negative affects on study

On the other hand, drawbacks from working extra job could
be seen clearly: 69.5% of the people told that their self-studying times

was narrowed Approximately 34-45% of attendance experienced
problems such as:
No time for study
Less time on school
Unfocused on Studying
Can not keep it balance between studying and working.
Beside that, there were some serious issues occurred such as losing studying motivation
(15.2%). Otherwise, there were still some who didn’t get effected by it (9.8%)
c. Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on health:

Positive effects on health

Positive effects on health

5


It is considering to decide which is preferable between focusing on studying or
remaining balance between studying and working part-time after witnessing reports about
health according to the survey.
-

Positive sides:
Over a half of the people claimed that money from working part-time upgraded their
living standard which leading to developing in health (52.4%) and mindset (41.5%)

Plenty benefits could be listed out such as: Stabilize their life, improving their awareness
in health caring and exercises… Those were listed by almost 32% people attended the
survey.


Negative effects on health

-

Negative sides:
53% of the survey attendance got stressful from works because of the
competitive working environment plus the lacking of time for self-caring.
Nearly 40% of people suffered from sleep disorder and health issues related to
biological clock.
27.4% people said that it damaged their physical and mental health

6


d. Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on relationship:

Positive effects on relationship

Positive effects on relationship

- They saw that having a part-time job was the easiest way to expand their relationship which
could be seen easily with 90.9% people agreed. 56.7 % pupils agreed that having a job while
attending university brought them many benefits included improving their image in people’s
eyes, contributing more to society. 67.1% students listed out that they achieved lessons about
the value of money and working.

Negative effects on relationship

Negative effects on relationship


Part-time works still had some sustainable drawbacks:
Shift working consumes lots of times, especially after office hours. The research depicted
that 60.4% of the people got less time for their family and friends and 15.9% people claimed
that they could get into bad relationships.
7


21.3% people said that having a part-time job lower the quality of old relationships,
otherwise, there were 27.4% of people was not effected by that.

Types of jobs
15.94%
23.19%

Service, barista
Salesman
Tutor

2.17%

Shipper

Other
25.36%

33.33%

-

33.33% were tutors, nearly double the number of people in cafe service, bartender

(15.94%).Secondly, 25.36% of them chose to be salesman, communicators which are
high communication frequency, suit for people whom demands were improving their soft
skills. Additionally, shipper accounted 2.17% of the attender. Finally, 23.19% of the
people left had others job which were almost all of them below 1%. Those illustrated the
diversity in job choosing of pupils on various fields with different level of affects to their
life.

8


2. Qualitative data:
2.1. Descriptive statistics

AVERAGE ALLOWANCE
N
Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Range
Sum

Percentiles

- It can be seen that the average monthly allowance of a student's family is about 2 million 990
thousand VND and the standard deviation is about 1 million 964 thousand VND
- The number of people supported over 10 million is quite small, mainly in the range of 1 to 5

million .
GPA
Valid
N
Missing
Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Range

9
Sum

25


Percentiles

50

416.57

75

2.9000
3.1000

3.5000

- The average GPA of the students is about 3.0 - Standard deviation is 0.9 - The majority of
students achieve good and excellent degrees

NUMBER OF THE CURRENT JOB
N
Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Range
Sum

Percentiles

On average, about 80 people in the survey doing only one job
The number of people doing 2 jobs at the same time is less, just above 10 people
And only 5 people who are doing 3 jobs at the
same time

AVER_STUDYTIME

N

Valid
Missing


138

0

Mean

2.6038

Median

2.0000

Mode
Std. Deviation

2.00
1.36345

10
Variance


1.859

Skewness

.837

Std. Error of Skewness


.206

Range

8.00

Sum

359.33

25

2.0000

Percentiles 50

2.0000

75

3.0000

On average, each person spends about 2 hours on self-study.
- Most students, even if they have part-time jobs, they still spend 1 to 4 hours on self-study,
which can also explain that even if they work, it doesn't affect their studies and their
average GPA that from good level or higher.

AVER_TIME
N

Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Range
Sum
Percentiles
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest
value is shown

On average, students go to work about 4 hours a day
But based on the chart, the number of people working about 2 hours a day is the highest
The number of students working more than 6 hours a day is quite small
- Most students work part time, so their working hours are not too many, it does not affect their
studies.

STATISTICS
N

Valid

11
Missing

Mean

Median


Mode


Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness

Range
Sum
Percentiles

25
50
75

0
3.54
4.00
4
.736
.542
-.152
.206
4
489
3.00
4.00
4.00


0
3.20
3.00
3
.818
.669
.516
.206
3
441
3.00
3.00
4.00

0
3.70
4.00

3
.739
.546
.318
.206

3
511
3.00
4.00
4.00


12


- Overall, the extent that work affects schooling, health, or relationships on average is
rated positively.
It can also be seen that part-time jobs bring many benefits to students
- Satisfaction level is the majority at level 3 and level 4, showing a very positive influence on
relationships.
- Regarding the effect on health, the majority of people at level 3 are positive, but the number of
people who choose level 2 is at the highest effect on health out of the 3 tables. This may be the
case for people who work 2 or more jobs because having to work too much is also very bad for
their health.
- As for the influence on learning, most of them are very positive influences at level 3 and
level 4, accounting for 80% of the survey. Show that part-time jobs help them study better,
having a place to practice lessons in class helps them understand the lesson and study better.
Prove that their GPA is mostly from pretty good to majority.
- In 3 graphs, it can be seen that going to work has a positive influence on learning and
relationships mainly. (80% are rated at 3 and 4) are highly appreciated by the students and the
efficiency of going to work.

2.2. Regression model
First regression
Variables Entered / Removeda
Model

1
a.
b.


·
·

work, studyb

Dependent Variable: GPA
All requested variables entered

Dependent Variable: GPA => Average GPA during the period in university.
Independent Variables:
work => Average working time per day.
study => Average self-study time per day.

Mod
1
a.

Predictors: (Constant), Aver_time, Aver_studytime
13


b.

Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA

- R-square=0.001: Coefficient of determination. Because we are running
multi linear regression so R-square have some limitations.
 Using Adjusted R-square

R−square=


Residual ∑ of squares

Total ∑of squares
- R-square*adjustment factor = Adjusted R-square = -0.014
The value of adjusted R-square is too small, so this model is not so good because it seems that
the dependent variable mostly can not explained by 2 independent variables.
- The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 0.91034  This value is not big
 This might be a good regression.

1
a.
b.

Model
Regression
Residual
Total

Dependent Variable: GPA
Predictors: (Constant), work, study

-

Regression sum of square: Total variation caused by regression.

-

Residual sum of square: Total variation causes by residual.
Df: degree of freedom

Mean square =

-

Linear regression model: GPA=β0 +β1 study+β2 work

-

Null hypothesis:
H0: β1= β2 = 0
H1: At least 1 value of β2 and β2 not equal 0
Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value)
Sig = 0.943 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least
1 value of β1 and β2 not equal 0.

Coefficientsa
14


Model

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B

(Constant)
Aver_study
time
Aver_time
a

.

Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA

- Linear regression: GPA = 3.012 + 0.15study – 0.008work
On average:
If student doesn’t have a job and self-study, his/her average GPA will be 3.012.
When student increases his/her self-study time by 1 hour, his/her average GPA increases
by 0.15
When student increases his/her working time by 1 hour, his/her average GPA decreases
by 0.008
- Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β1 (0.023) is higher than that of β2 (0.019), so the
average self-study time has more effect on the average GPA than the average working time.

-

Test for hypothesis:

+) T-test for β1:
H0: β1= 0
H1:β1≠0
Because sig β1= 0.789 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β1 might be equal 0 and the
average self-study time might make no sense to Average GPA.
+) T-test for β2
H0:β2=0
H1:β2≠0

15



Because sig β 2 = 0.828 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β2 might be equal 0 and the
average working time might make no sense to Average GPA.
Comment: At first, we expected that there was a positive correlation between self-study time,
working time and GPA. If what we expected has enough evidence to be proved that it is right,
students can look at our research and make most suitable decisions for them. However, as the
results which are estimated and explained by those tables above, there’s nothing at all. All the
estimated results are insignificant that means GPA of a student is almost unaffected by his/her
self-study time or the amount of time he/she goes to work

Second regression:
Variables Entered / Removeda

Model

1
c.
d.

studyb

Dependent Variable: work
All requested variables entered

-

Dependent Variable: work => Average working time per day.

-

Independent Variables:

allowance => Average monthly allowance
study => Average self-study time per day.

a.
b.

Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study
Dependent Variable: work

The value of adjusted R-square is too small (-0.013), so this model is not so good.

16


- The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 2.19390 => this value is quite big => This seems not a
good regression

1

a.
b.

Model
Regression
Residual
Total

Dependent Variable: work
Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study


-

Linear regression model: work = β0 + β1study + β2allowance

-

Null hypothesis:
H0:β1=β2=0
H1: At least 1 value of β1 and β2 not equal 0
Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value)
Sig = 0.9 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least 1
value of β1 and β2 not equal 0.
Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B

(Constant)
1 study
allowance
a. Dependent Variable: work

-

Linear regression: work = 4.101 + 0.007study + 0.043allowance
On average:
17



If student doesn’t spend time on self-study and has no allowance, his/her average
working will be 4.101.
When student increases his/her average self-study time per day by 1 hour, his/her
average working time per day increases by 0.007 hour.
When student’s average monthly allowance is increased by VND 1 million, his/her
average working time per day increases by 0.043 hour.
- Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β1 (0.004) is lower than that of β2 (0.039), so
the average self-study time per day has less effect on the average working time per day than the
average monthly allowance.
-

Test for hypothesis:
+) T-test for β1:
H0:β1= 0
H1:β1≠0
Because sig β1 = 0.961 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β1 might be equal 0 and the
average self-study time per day might make no sense to Average working time per day.
+) T-test for β2
H0:β2=0
H1:β2≠0
Because sig β2 = 0.652 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β2 might be equal 0 and the
average monthly allowance might make no sense to Average working time per day.

Comment: On the other hand, in the second model, average working time per day is expected to
decrease when both average monthly allowance and average self-study time per day increase.
However, same conclusion happened that there was no correlation among them. From our
perspective, this faulty maybe due to lack of proper theories when developing variables


III.

Appendix

Questionnaire:
Thông tin cá nhân
1) Bạn đã/đang đi làm thêm hay chưa?
Đã/ Đang đi làm (Tiếp tục phỏng vấn)
Chưa từng đi làm (Kết thúc phỏng vấn)
2)
Giới
tính của bạn là?
Nam
Nữ
3) Bạn là sinh viên năm mấy?
18


Năm 1
Năm 2
Năm 3
Năm 4
4)
Hiện tại bạn
đang ở đâu? Nhà
riêng
Nhà th
Nhà ở nhờ
Kí túc xá
Khác

5) Trung bình một tháng bạn được chu cấp bao nhiêu? (đơn vị: triệu đồng)
6) GPA trung bình các kì đã học của bạn là bao nhiểu? (Tính theo hệ số 4)
Vui lịng cho biết ảnh hưởng của việc đi làm thêm đến cuộc sống của bạn
Việc học tập
7.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH
CỰC đến việc học của bạn ở những khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)
Khơng có khía cạnh nào
Nâng cao khả năng giao tiếp
Cải thiện kĩ năng quản lí thời gian
Trang bị thêm kiến thức xã hội liên quan đến chuyên ngành đã học
Tạo cơ hội thực hành các kiến thức trên lớp
Tìm ra điểm mạnh của bản thân
Giúp tiếp thu bài học trên lớp tốt hơn (thông qua môi trường làm việc thực tế)
Khác
7.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU
CỰC đến việc học của bạn ở những khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)
Khơng có khía cạnh nào
Giảm thời gian học tập trên lớp
Giảm thời gian tự học
Khơng có thời gian học bài
Phân tâm trong việc học
Không thể cân đối giữa việc học và việc làm
Mất động lực học tập
Khác
7.3) Thời gian trung bình dành cho thời gian tự học của bạn mỗi ngày? (đơn vị: giờ)
7.4) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm có ảnh hưởng như nào tới việc học của bạn? (cho điểm theo
mức độ ảnh hưởng với 1 là ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến 5 là ảnh hưởng hồn tồn tích cực)
Sức khỏe
8.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến sức khỏe của bạn ở những khía cạnh
nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)

Khơng có khía cạnh nào
19


Nâng cao sức khỏe thể chất
Nâng cao sức khỏe tinh thần
Nâng cao nhận thức bảo vệ sức khỏe
Cải thiện điều kiện tài chính dành cho sức khỏe
Tuân thủ giờ giấc làm việc giúp cân bằng đồng hồ sinh học
Khác
8.2) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến sức khỏe của bạn ở những khía cạnh
nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)
Khơng có khía cạnh nào
Gây rối loạn giấc ngủ (thiếu ngủ, khó ngủ, ...)
Gây stress
Gây tổn hại sức khỏe thể chất (giảm cân, đau dạ dày, ...)
Gây rối loạn đồng hồ sinh học
Khác
8.3) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm có ảnh hưởng như nào tới sức khỏe của bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ
ảnh hưởng với 1 là ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến 5 là ảnh hưởng hồn tồn tích cực)

Các mối quan hệ gia đình và xã hội
9.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến các mối quan hệ của bạn ở những
khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)
Khơng có khía cạnh nào
Mở rộng các mối quan hệ xã hội
Nâng cao hình ảnh bản thân trong mắt gia đình và bạn bè
Trân trọng cơng sức của các thành viên trong gia đình
Khác
9.2) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến các mối quan hệ của bạn ở những

khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)
Khơng có khía cạnh nào
Giảm thời gian dành cho gia đình và bạn bè
Kết giao với các mối quan hệ xấu
Giảm chất lượng các mối quan hệ đã có
Khác

20


9.3)Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm có ảnh hưởng như nào tới các mối quan hệ của bạn? (cho điểm
theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với 1 là ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến 5 là ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tích
cực)
Một số thơng tin chung
10)Số cơng việc bạn đang làm hiện tại?
11) Bạn đã/ đang làm cơng việc gì?
Nhân viên pha chế - phục vụ
Nhân viên bán hang
Gia sư
Shipper
Xe ôm cơng nghệ
Khác
12)Thời gian bạn làm việc trung bình trong một ngày? (đơn vị: giờ)

21