THU'C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM

Loi song va xay dUhg loi song clio tlianli nien
trong nen kmh te thj trirding djnh hiroing
xa ligi ciiu nghia of Viet Nam Men nay
• ThS PHAM THU THUY
Hoc vien Thanh thiiu nien Viet Nam

Qua bdi viet, tac gid dd dua ra cac quan diem ve loi sdng, cd the Meu ldi sdng Id phuang thiic sdng
cua con ngudi tiong mpt che dp xa hdi nhat dinh dupc bi6u hien tien cac linh vuc cua ddi song, nliu:
lao dpng, san xudt, hoat ddng chinh tn, boat dpng van hda vd boat dpng giao tiep hang ngay. Qua dd,
tdc gid neu ra nhiing yeu cdu cua tiiuc tien each mang nudc ta, tii do, xdy dung ldi sdng eho thanh nien
trang nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu ngMa d Viet Nam hien nay.

1. Khai ni@m loi song
"Ldi sdng" tir ldu da trd thdnh ddi tupng nghien
euu eua nMeu ngdnh khoa hpc nhu tdm li hpc, gido
due hpc, dao diic hpc, triet hpc, van hda hpc, M Mdng
hpc... Tu ldi sdng tiong tieng Phdp Id mode de vie,
tiong tieng Anh la mode of life hoac way of life, cdn
ttongtiengDiie la Lebensweise. Mac dii cd nMeu tac
gjd, nMeu tdi heu de cap den khai mem ldi sdng, nhung
eho den nay vdn ehua ed mdt dmh ngMa thdng nhat
ve vdn de nay.
Trong tdc phdm H^ tu tudng Diie, C.Mac va
Ph.Angghen vi§t: "Khdng nen nghien eiiu phuang
thiic san xuat dy don thudn theo kMa eanh nd Id su tdi
san xudt ra su tdn tai the xac cua cdc ca nhan. Md han
the, nd Id mdt phuang thiic boat ddng nhdt dinh ciia
nhiing ca nhdn dy, mpt Mnh thiic nhat dinh ciia hoat
dpng sdng ciia hp, mdt phuang thirc sinh sdng nhdt

djnb cua hp""\
Nhu vdy, CMac vd Ph.Angghen dd cho thdy, sdn
xudt la ydu to quylt dinh su tdn tai ciia cd nhdn vd
phuang thiic sdn xudt la Mnh thiie hoat ddng co ban
ctia eon ngudi, la phuang thiic sinh sdng cua con
Sd'thang 3-2016

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ngudi. Id mat co ban cua Idi sdng. Theo cac dng, ldi
sdng chinh Id phuong thiic, la dang boat ddng cua con
ngudi, chiu sy quy dinh eiia phuang thiic san xuat va
toan bp nhiing dieu Men sinh sdng ciia eon ngudi. Tu
dd C.Mdc vd Ph. Angghen eho rang, d nhiing Mnh thai
kinh te - xa hpi khae nhau se cd ldi sdng tuong iing
vdi mdi hmh thai Mnh te - xa hdi dd.
Tiep can ldi sdngtt^enphuang dien phuang thiic
hoat dpng va tdng the nhiing quan he kmh te, chinh tn,
van hda, xa hpi cua nhiing ea nhdn trong mdt Mnh thdi
kinh te - xa hdi, quan diem ciia cdc nhd ngMen ciiu Lien
Xd Qudc day, nhu: Riitkevich, G.Glezennan, V.I.Tdnxtukha, I.V. Bextugiep.,. tuy cd mdt sd khia canh khdc
nhau nhung deu cd mdt y chung cho rang, ldi sdng
dupc Men gidi nhu la mpt phuang thirc boat dpng sdng
ciia con ngudi,tiiidi^u hpp ly Id Idy cdc Imh vuc hoat
ddng sdng quantipngnhdt lam nen tdng cho co cdu ciia
ldi sdng; cdc Mih vuc dd Id lao dpng, smh boat, boat
dpng ehinh tri-xa hdi vd van hda - xa hpi.

Trong tieng Viet, Idi sdng la mpt danh tit ghep gdm
ldi va sdng. Ldi la le Idi, the thiic, Meu each, phuong
thiic. Sdng la sinh boat, la qua trinh boat ddng smh vat

Ly luan cbinh tri & Trnyv^n thdng

63


THyC TliN - KINH NGHIEM
Id giao tiep md Id Idi giaotiep.Ldi sdng la phuong thac
sdng ciia con ngudi tiong mdt che dp xd hpi nhdt ^
dupc bieu Men tien cac Imh vuc cua ddi sdng nhu lao
dpng san xudt, boat ddng cMnh tti, hoat ddng van hoa
tinh than vd boat ddng hang ngay.
Tiiu hai, phuong thiic san xudt vd cac dieu kien
sdng cua con ngudi, suy cho cung, quySt djnh loi s&^
cila
hp. Ldi song ciia con ngudi tiong mdi qudc gia,
Khai mem "ldi sdng" bat dau duae de capttongVan
Men Dai hpi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii IV eua Dang va dan tdc dupc hinh thdnh tien co sd dieu kien ty nhiSn,
tiep tue dupc de cap den d cac ky dai hditieptheo, Dai bao gom vi Qi dja ly, ddt dai, kM hdu, he dpng thirc vai
hpi XI khing djnh: "Tmh trang suy thodi ve M Mdng va cdc dieu Men kinh t6, cMnh tri, xa hpi, van hoa, tu
chinh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng tiong mdt bd phan khdng tudng, ttuyen tiidng... Trong cac yeu td neu tren thi
nhd can bp, dang vien va tinh tt^g tham nhiing, lang dieu Men xd hdi cd y nghla quylt dinh. Trong do,
pM, quan lieu, nhiing tieu cue vd te nan xa hpi chua phuang thiic sdn xudt ddng vai tid quyet dinh doi v6i
dupc ngdn chan, day lui ma cdntieptue dien bien phiic chinh tri, xa hdi vd vdn hda, tu Mdng cua moi quoc
tap... lam gidm ldng tm ciia nhdn ddn ddi vdi Dang vd gia, ddn tdc. Bdi vi, ldi sdng la mdt the thdng nhat bira
Nhd nudc"'^'. Su suy thodi ve dao due khdng cM dien ehiing giiia ty nhien, ca nhdn vd xd hdi, ldi song ciia
ra d mdt bp phdn can bd, dang vien ma cdn dien ra d con ngudl dupc hinh thanh trong qua trinh con nguoi

nMeu tdng Idp dan eu, dac biet la trong gidi tre.
tham gia vao cdc boat ddng, trudc tien la lao dpng sk
Nhan thiic tam quan trpng ciia van de loi sdng, cac xudt, boat dpng ehinhtti- xa hdi va cac hoat d6ng khSc
de tai khoa hpc cap nha nudc cung bat ddu tap trung v.v, ddngtiidi,chiu sy cM phdi eua cdc boat dpng d6.
nghien ciiu. Quan diem ciia cdc nhd khoa hpc thudc
Thu ba, ldi sdng ndi chung mang gid tri van hoa, la
de tai cap Nha nudc KX.06-13 dupc neu khdi qudt gid Qi chung ciia lich sii nhdn loai, hudng tdi chdn - dii?)
trong Bao cdo tdng ket chuong trinh KX-06 (1991 - - my vtra mang tinh phd qudt, vira mang tinh dac M
1995) nhu sau: "Ldi song,ttongmpt chimg muc nhat Pham VI vd npi dung ciia ldi sdng bao gdm: cac khuon
dinh, la each ling xii ciia nhiing ngudi eu the trude mau ling XLT, cdc tMet che xa hpi van hanh theo mgt
nhiing dieu kien, hoan cdnh cu the ciia moi tmdng bang gia tti ttong toan bp cac hoat dpng sdng ciia dan
sdng. Mdi tmdng la cai khdch quan quy dinh. Id dieu tdc, cdc giai cdp, cdc nhdm xa hpi, cae cd nhdn ffong
Men khdch quan tryc tiep tac dpng va dnh hudng den nhirng dieu kien cua mdt hinh thai kinh ^ - xd h^l i ^
ldi sdng ciia con ngudi, ciia cdc nhdm xa hdi vd cong dinh, vd bieu Men trong cae Imh vyc ddi song: Troi^
ddng dan eu"'^'. Dinh ngMa nay tiep can ldi sdng nhu lao dpng vd hudng thu, trong quan he giiia con ngirai
mdt phuong thiie hoat ddng tiiuc tiln cua con ngudi vdi con ngudi ttong sinh boat tinh than va van h o a B
ttong mdi tmdng nhat djnh va nd chiu sy quy djnh ciia
Nhu vdy, cd the hieu ldi song Id phuang thucs^^
mdi trudng sdng.
cua con ngudi trong mot che dd xa hgi nhdl dinh ^ 9
Nhu vdy, tren ca sd nhiing quan diem ciia cac tac bieu hien tren cdc Hnh \nrc cua ddi sdng, nhu:^
gid dua ra khi quan niem ve ldi song, cd th^ nit ra mot dgng, sdnxudt, hoat dgng chinh tri, hoatddngvdnmsd ddc di6m cua Idi song nhu sau;
vd hogt dgng giaotiephdng ngdy.
•
Thir nhat, ldi song bao gdm tdt cd mpi Imh vyc hoat 2. Xay dung loi sdng cho thanh nien trong nen
dpng cua eon ngudi tiong mpt xd hpi nhat dinh, ldi kmh ti thi trirdng dinb hirdng XHCN it Viet Nam
sdng dupc bieu hien qua quan he giira con ngudi vdi hien nay
ty nhien, con ngudi vdi con ngudi ttong lao ddng san
Thanh nien Viet Nam la lyc lupng xd hdi to Idn
xudt, trong linh vuc ehinh tti, ttong Imh vyc M tudng quyet dinh Mong lai cua dan tpc. Trong bdi canh hi?n

vdn hda,ttongiing xir giao tigp hang ngdy Tuy nMgn, nay, viec xay dung loi sdng mdi cho thanh men c6 t&n
ldi sdng khdng phai la hoat ddng, md la loi boat ddng; quan trpng ddc biet, mang y ngMa cMSn lupc. Bci, (Air
khdng phdi Id sy gidi Xd, ma Id ldi giditii;khdng phai nhdt, ldi sdng mdi vua la muc tieu, vira la dpng liK

vd xa hdi cua con ngudi. Trong tti dien tieng Viet va
Han - Viet cung cM de cap khai Mem "Idi sdng gian
df Iam vi du mmh hpa cho tu "l6i" va din "nep sdng"
kM de cap den khai mem "sdng". Cd tac gid cho rang,
tir ldi sdng va nep sdng la ket qua ciia viec taottitiong
ngdn ngutiengViet vd la cdch diingtiiudtngii khdc de
dich mdt thudt ngii nudc ngodi.

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Ly luan chinh tri & Truyen thong

So thdng 3-2016


THLTC TIEN - KINH NGHlEM
thiic ddy sy phat trien xa hdi, hoan tMen con ngudi ndi
ehung va thanh men ndi rieng; thir hai, ldi sdng mdi
gdp phdn quan tipng trong viec "phdng ngira" "mien
dich" cho todn xa hpi, ddc biet la thanh men trudc tdc
dpng cua mat trdi kinh te thi trudng va toan can hda,
ciing nhu dm muu "dien bien hda binh" cua cdc thS
Iuc thu dich; ihir ba, viee xay dung ldi song mdi eho
thanh men bat ngudn tit yeu edu, nhiem vu ciia chmh
bdn thdn tiianh menViet Nam Men nay, ddp iing ddi
hdi eua thuc tien cdch mang nudc ta.

Xudt phdtttinhiing yeu edu tren, xdy dyng ldi song
cho thanh nien hien nay cdn ehii y mdt sd dilm sau:
Mgt Id, viec chap nhdn kinh te thi trudng vd chu
ttuang phat tnen kinh te tM trudng de xay dyng chu
ngMa xa hdi yeu cdu d thanh men tinh chu ddng, sdng
tao cua mdi cd nhdn vdi M each mot dac trung quan
trpng nhdt eua boat ddng, con ngudi. Nhung mdi ca
nhdn khdng the sdng tdch rdi cdng ddng, md chi cd
trong quan he vdi cpng ddng tM cd nhdn mdi ed the
truetiepthe hien ca tmhriengcua minh ciing nhu tinh
chii dpng sang tao cua bdn tiidn,
Nhu vdy, viec xdy dung Idi sdng cho thanh men
trong qud trinh phat trien kmh tetiutrudng dmh hudng
xa chu ngMa cdn luu y Id, xa hpi eang cd tinh ehat cpng
ddng bao nliieu, tM ldi sdng dy, xet ve mdi ca nhan,
cdng ca nhan hda bdy nMeu, cdng trd nen dpc dao bay
nhieu. Trach nhiem cua mdi thanh men trudc cdng
ddng va trdch nMem cua cdng dpng ddi vdi mdi thanh
vien cua minh la nhung net khdng the tach rdi ciia ldi
sdng trong nSn kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN.
Hai Id, viec xdy dung ldi sdng mdi eho thanh men
can phdi ke thira cdc gid tn dao diic tdt dep trong ttuyin
thdng cua dan tpc. Bdi vi: thir nhdt, gia tri dao diic
tmyen thdng la ca sd giii vi tri nhu tang de xay dyng
Idi sdng mdi cho thanh nien Viet Nam Men nay; thir
hai, gid tri dao diic tmyen thdng dupe kl thira, phat
huy, gia nhap cdu tnic nhdn each trd thanh cae pham
chdt mdi, ldi sdng mditiehcyc cua thanh men; Ihirba,
gid tri dao diic tmy6n thdng Id ddng lye, la ngpn ngudn
phdt trien dan tdc, tao nen siic manh tinh than va ban

ITnh eho the he thanh nien vuon len tiong giai doan
mdi, trong bdi cdnh todn cdu hda vd hdi nhap qudc te
hien nay; thir tu, phdt huy gia tri dao due truyin thdng
cho tiianh nien gdp phdn xdy dung hdi hda ddi sdng
vdt chdt vd ddi sdng tinh thdn eho hp, giiip hp diing

Sd'thang 3-2016

viing trudc tac ddng tieu eye cua Mnh te thi trudng va
toan cau hda Men nay.
Viec phat huy cac gid tii dao dire tmyen thdng vdi
M cdch mdt bd phdn ciia "he chuan gid tri" cd vai tid
nhu mpt mang lpc mdu nMem, giup thanh men phdn
biet diing - sai, tdt - xdu, giiip hp xac dinh "nen" va
"khdng nen"ttonghanh vl, img xii, tir dd cd kha nang
lya chpn dung ddn vd hip thu nhirng gia tii tiln bp,
vdn minh eua nhdn loai ciing nhu biet thanh lpc, Ioai
bd nhiing phdn gid tri, gdp phdn quan ttpng cho viec
xdy dyng ldi sdng mdi Men nay.
KM ndi ve dac ttung ldi sdng cua thanh men Vi^t
Nam, Chu tich Hd Cbi Mmh dd ddn ldi mdt hpc gid
ngudi Phdp la Do Pupbudevm: "Yeu men que huong,
quyen luyen gia dinh, thd kinh td tien, yeu ehupng
edng ly, tdn trpng ehinh ngMa, ham tMch khoa hpe,
yeu thuong gidng ndi, tdn trpng Ie phai, ghet xa hoa,
khdng ham tten tdi, khinh ghet vii luc, khdng sp gian
khd hy sinh" <•*.' Nhdn xet dd the Men sy nhdn thiie kha
sdu sae, todn dien ve con ngudi Viet Nam,
Da sd cac nhd ngMen ciiu nudc ta deu cho rang, ldi
sdng ttuyen thdng ciia ngudi Viet Nam dupe ket tinh

tir gidttivan hda tmyen thdng ddn tdc: Yeu nudc, dodn
ket, thuang ngudi, cdn Mem, sdng tao, thuy chung,
trung thyc, quytipngngudi hien tdi, ham hpc, yeu hda
bmh, nhe nhang, Idn ddo, tl nhi, linh ho9,t... Cdc gid tti
dd da tao nen bdn sde dan tdc ta.
Mae du vay, qua trinh hdi nhap qude te, giao luu van
hda dien ra nhanh ehdng va manh me trong the gidi
duong dai, cac dde trung nay cd nhimg bien ddi nhat
djnh, Vi the, de xay dyng ldi sdng mdi cho thanh nien
Men nay, chiing ta can phdi ed nhiing dinh hudng cu the.
NgM quylt cua Bp Chinh tri ve "Mpt sd dinh hudng Idn
trong cdng tac tu tudng Men nay" da xae dinh: Nhirng
gia tri van hda tmyen thong vung ben ciia dan toe Viet
Nam la ldng yeu nude ndng nan, y thiic cpng ddng sdu
sac, dao ly "thuang ngudi nhu the thuong thdn", dire
tinh can cii, vupt khd, sang tao ttong lao dpng... Dd la
nen tang to Idn de nhdn dan ta xay dyng mdt xa hpi phat
tnen,tienbp, edng bang, nhan ai'^'.
Nhu vay, ldi sdng mdi ma Dang va nhan ddn ta
hudng den xay dung Men nay la ldi sdng mang dam tinh
ddn tdc. Men dai va nhan van, gan hen vdi viec xdy dyng
nen vdn hda Viet Namtienhen, dam da bdn sac ddn tpc
vdi cdc dac trung dan tpe, nhan van, dan chii, khoa hpc.

Ly luan ehinh tri & l ^ u y e n thdng

65


THU'C TI^N - KINH NGHIEM

Ba Id, ldi sdng mdi khdng chi Id nhung bieu hien ky thuat sang tao, nang sudt cao, vi lpi ich ciia ban Ij^
"•
don thudn vl phuong thiic sdn xuat, vl mat kinh te, gia dmh, tap the vd xa hpi.
md cdn la su phan dnh ddi sdng tinh than ciia ddn tdc,
Thudng xuyen hpc tap de ndng eao Meu bilt, t ^
trong van hda, trong ldi img xir...
dp chuyen mdn, ttinh dp tham my va thl lye.
Ndm pham chat tren ddyttieMen dac tnmg loi s6ni
Ben canh nhiing ddc trung phd biln, cdn phdi ehii
y den ddc diem eiia tiing giai doan lich sii, tiing dia mdi ciia con ngudi Vtet Namtionggiai doan mdi, gg
ban ddn cu,timgloai ddi tupng thanh men.
doan day manh CNH, HDH dat nude.
Ndm Id, xdy dung ldi sdng mdi hien nay Id s6ng\^
Xdy dung ldi sdng mdi chinh la qua trinh tdc ddng
den con ngudi nhdm binh thanh va hoan tMen d mdi ldm viec theo Hien phdp vd phdp ludL P h ^ ludt do NhJ
cd nhan nhiing nguyen tac, chudn muc dung ddn ttong nudc ban hanh nham di^u cMnh cdc quan he xa hgi vi
Idi sdng, phu hpp vdi yen cdu ciia quattinhxay dyng bao ve trdt ty xa hdi. Phdp ludt mudn di vao cupc s6ng
dat nudc theo dmh hudng XHCN. Nhd do, ma ea nhdn phdi bao ham trong nd nhiing gid tri dao diic, huong
ed the ty dieu chinh, ddnh gia, va Mem soat hanh vi Idi tdi mpt xa hpi nhan van, nhan dao. Phdp ludt Met Nam
sdng cua minh hudng tdi cdc qua trinh Men thye hda Cling Id phdp ludt bdo ve va hudng dich mucffl
xa hdi.
CNXH, xdy dyng xa hpi dan giau nudc manh, d ^ 9
Ldi sdng cd tinh ddn tdc, Men dai va nhan van; do cdng bang, van mmh.Trong qua trinh xdy dyng vaMi
dd, viec xdy dyng ldi sdng phdi gan Hen vdi qua ttinh thien the che kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN,
xdy dung nen vdn hda Viet Namtientien,dam da ban Dang vd Nhd nudc ta da xac dinh phdi xay dung va
sac dan tpe. 0 ddy, cdn phai bdo damtiidngnhdt Men hoan thien he thdng phap ludt, thyc Men phap luat
chimg giiia trudc mdt vd Idu dai. Neu Myet ddi hda cai nghi&n minh,ttido tao ra mdt xa hdi ky cuong.' ^
trudc mat, cdi Men tai tM khdng cdffinhhudng, neu Myet
Ldi sdng mdi ciing phai trai qua qud trinh pha(
ddi hda cdi lau ddi, cai tuang lai tM sa vao do tudng,

sinh, phat trien vd hoan tMen. Qud trinh do gdn li§n
Bdn Id, xdy dyng ldi sdng mdi chinh la nhdm thye vdi cupc ddu ttanh khac phuc nhimg tan du ciia loi
Men muctieuphdt trien con ngudi todn dien, cd nhan sdng cii, xdy dung Idi sdng mdi vdn minh, tien bo,
each phong phii.
Khdng phdi chd xdy dyng xong chu nghia xa h^i
Viee xdy dyng Idi sdng mdi eho thanh men d nudc chiing ta mdi xdy dyng ldi sdng mdi XHCN ma pha!
tationggiai doan ndy edn tapttungvao xdy dung nhdn xdy dyng nd ngay tti dau thdi ky qua dp. Vice xay
each con ngudi Viet Nam vdi nhimg phdm chdt neu dyng ngay tir ddu ldi sdng mdi cd y nghia dinh
tren, nhiing con ngudi vira cd dire viia cd tai, vira hdng hudng, gan kit phat triin kinh te vol xa hpi,ttiucWja
vua chuyen. Hdi nghi Trung uang ndm khda VIII va tien bd, cdng bdng xa hdi ngay ttong tung budc di,
Hdi nghi Trung uong chin khda XI da dl ra nMem vu tting chinh sdch phdt ttiln. Chii tich Hd CM Minh da
xay dyng con ngudi Vipt Nam tiong giai doan hien khdng dinh: mudn xdy dung ehu ngMa xa hdi, tnrac
nay vdi nhiing phdm chdt co bdn:
het cdn phdi cd nhirng con ngudi XHCN. Trong Idnli
Cdtinhtiidnyeu nudc, ty cudng ddn tpc, phdn ddu te till trudng Iai eang cdn phdi ed nhimg con ngu&i
vi ddc lap dan tpc va chu ngMa xa hdi, cd y cM vuon XHCN dl thuc hien djnh hudng XHCN cho syphat
len dua dat nudc thodt khdi ngheo ndn, lac ban, dodn trien cua Mnh te tM trudngd
ket vdi nhdn ddn thl gidittongsy nghiep dau tranh vi
hda bmh, ddc lap dan tdc, ddn ehu va ehu nghia xa hdi.
(1) CMac, Ph.Angghen, Todn Idp, T3, Nxb CTQG, B.,W5,
Cd y tiiiic tap thl, dodn kit phdn ddu vi lpi ich lr30.
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Vdn hen Etai hdi dai bi^^h
chung, xay dung khdi dai doan kit ddn tdc Viet Nam. qudc(2)lan
thirXI, Nxb. CTQG, H.,2011, tr,173.
'^
Cd Idi sdng ldnh manh, nip song van minh, cdn
(3) Trung tam Khoa hgc xa h6i va nhan van qu6c gia. Van hm
Mem,tiungtiiye,nhdn ngMa, tdnttpngky cuong, phep vd phdt tnen kinh te-xd hgi, Chirong hinh KHCN cip nha am
nudc, quy udc cpng ddng, cd yttiiicbdo ve mdi ttudng KX-06, H.,1994.
(4) H6 Chi Minh, Todn tdp, T3, Nxb. CTQG, H.,1995. ^ k

sinh thai,
{5)DangCpngsan Viet Nam, A^wijMi^cuaSocA/n/infwffli!'
Lao dpng chdm cM vdi luong tdm nghl ngMep, cd so dinh huang im tmng cong tdc tu tudng hien nay, H., 1995, tr.l9Ly luan clu'nh tri & Tfuyen

thdng

Sd'thang 3-2016