Xd hgi hgc, sd 3 (135). 2016 61

c m s o NGHEO DA CHIEU CUA T H A I NGUYEN HEN NAY"
MOT SO V A N D E C A N NGHliEN CUXJ
TRJNH THJ NGHlA*

"Sheodpinhatca

mrae nhung chi sd MPI cua Thdi Nguyen trong nhiing ndm qua

dZ

^'""gf^o
cua link Tuy nhien, kh, xem xet chi sd MPI cOng nhu ngheo thu nhdo cua
Thai Nguyen cang gpi md mdt sd vdn di cdn tiip tyc nghiin cL
^ ^
Tfr khda: ngheo ddi, ngheo da chiiu, phat ttiin con nardi.

eon n ^ " " * " " ' ' ' ' ' ^ " ' " ' * " ' ^ ^ '^^P •='" " « ^ - • ' ^

thanh tu« v l phdt triin

Ddi nghfo Id mpt rdo can Idn dii vdi sy phdt ttiin con ngudi d phuong difn cd nhan
cung nhu cpng ding. Vife dp dyng chuin ngheo vin chu yiu dya ttfn mdctfiuS ^
khong edn phii hpp do cd nhiiu hgn ehi nhu bd sdt dii ttrong n h i i r d i ^ n w T L r w ^ ^
^ d ndng tifp cgn Cdc nhu d u xd hf i co bdn cda ngudi S ^ ^ n ^ ^
hi"
k^ng ngheo ve thu nhdp nhung Igi khd khdn ttong vife tiip cgn y ti hodc g i L T „ S
UNDP vd Ngan hdng The gidi su dyng tiidng qua chi sd MPI (chi s i ngheo da chiiui Z
tren mpt ,ogt cdc yiu t i cung d p d y du hon biic ttanh vi c h l t ^ u ^ g c u t X g 1 ^
ZAl"l t ' " - "^"= ' ' " ' ^ ' " ''' P'-^^e P*-^ "^ <*- «=hiiu sang S i u ^ k h d n g pMi

phd d,nh tde dpng eua v fe do ludng ngheo bdng tiiu nhdp. Phuong p h a p r c h i i u S s t g
de cung vd. phuang phdp do ngheo tfiu nhdp. giup cho vife xdc dinh Sii t ^ g v V S
sdt doi hipng ngheo dupe hifu qud hon" (Phgm Hgnh, 2014).
'"vng va giam
thi Hi?^-!"*^^ " f K^ ^ " ^ ^ " "^"^ "^^ "^P "J^^" * ^ ' ^ Nam tti khoang ndm 2011 Cd
tfii diln dgt mpt cdch ngdn gpn. •'ngheo da chiiu Id tinh ttang con ngudi kh&^
Zll^f
ung d miic dp tii thieu cdc nhu d u co bdn ttong cupc s i n g ' ( ^ g C y t ^ T o i t f
D^^tfieochuan ngheo tiep cdn da chiiu. nhiing ngudi n g h ^ i d u ^ p E ^ n Z d
^r^-L^ru^u^ , . - ^ .

phuong difn ndo.tildd nhihig chinh sach h i

'DgihgeKhoahge. thuge Dgi hge Thdi Nguyen.

trp gidm nghfo sS tiiye t i hon. phdt h ^


62

Chi sd ngheo da chiiu da -Thai Nguyen hifn nay..

dupe tinh chii dpng cua cdc chu thf vuon ien thoat ngheo. Difu dd vira ddm bdo mue sing
tdi thieu cho ngudi ngheo. vira dam bao hp cd ea hpi tifp can cdc dich vy xd hfi co ban.
tting budc hudng tdi gidm ngheo bin viing. Difu ndy cd y nghia ddc bift qiuui trpng d dp
dp dia phirong. khi tinh ddc thu vung mien, vdn hda, dan tpc cd sy khde bift rd net.
Bao cdo qudc gia ve phat trien con ngudi ndm 2011 cua Vift Nam da dua ra MPI tir
2008 trd vf trudc va MPI nam 2008 eua 63 tinh, thanh ttfn ca nude. Tren ca sd Nghi
quyet Hpi ngW lan thii nam Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong khoa XI vi mpt si vdn df vf
chmh sach xd hdi giai dogn 2012-2020, ddp iing ede nhu d u tii thiiu vi y ti, gido dgc,

vifc Idm, nhd d vd tfidng tin, Quic hpi cd nghi quyit si 76/2014/QH13 ttxing dd dua ra
nhifm vy xdy dyng chuin ngheo mdi theo phuang phdp tiip cgn da chiiu (Quic hfi,
2014). Tir dd, Chinh phu dd chinh thiic ban hanh chudn ngheo da chifu dp dyng cho giai
dogn 2016-2010 (Chinh phu, 2015), vdi hai nhdm tifu chi do ludng ngheo da chieu la
miic tfiu nhap vd miic dp tfiiiu hyt tiip cgn 5 dich vy xa hpi co ban ki ttfn. Tifu chi ndy
dd dupe dp dyngttxingBdo cdo quic gia vi phdt ttiin con ngudi ndm 2015, vdi MPI dupe
do d 5 chiiu: gido dye, y te, nha d, nude sgch vd vf sinh mdi ttirdng, khd ndng tiip cgn
tfidng tin.
2. Chi s6 nghfo da chieu ciia Thdi Nguyen trong Bdo eio Phdt triin con nguM
quoc gia
Thdi Nguyfn la tinh ndm ttxing khu vyc Tnmg du miin mii phia Bdc, Id khu vyc
ttong rit nhiiu ndm cd ty If nghfo ddi Idn nhit cd nude. Tuy nhifn, sau gin 20 ndm sau
ngdy tdi lgp tinh (1997) din nay, tinh Thdi Nguyfn dd dgt dupe nhiiu tiidnh tyu quan
tiding vf kinh ti - xd hpi ndi chung vd phdt ttiin eon ngudi ndi rifng. Ndm 2015 chi si
phdt ttien con ngudi (HDI) ciia Thdi Nguyen la 0,741, xip hgng 26/63 tinh tiidnh (UNDP,
2016: 181),tfiupcnhdm cd DHl cao. Ben cgnh HDI thi chi so MPI cua tinh ciing cho tfily
rd net miic dp phdt ttiin con ngudi cua tinh, xdc dinh nhihig nhdm ngudi tiiiiu hyt khi
ndng, eo hpi phdt ttien, tir dd chi ra nhihig vin di d n tiip tyc nghifn ciiu vd gidi quyit.
Ndm 2008, chi si nghfo da chiiu MPI eua Thdi Nguyfn la 0,075, xip vj tti 27 ttong
si 63 tinh tf.dnh vd tfni 3 frong si 14 tinh viing Tmng du vd miin nui phia Bic
(TDMNPB). Ty If h$ nghfo da chiiu cua Thdi Nguyfn Id 19,7%, dung thir 3 trong viing
vd tfni 27 frong todn quic (UNDP. 2012: 214). Din ndm 2012. MPI eua Thdi Nguyfn
gidm edn 0.046 (UNDP. 2016: 193). gidm 0,029 diim vi gid tri ttiyft dii vd 38,9% vl t^
If. Ty If hi nghfo da chiiu gidm xuing cdn 12,2%. Vdi kit qud ndy, Thdi Nguyfn xip b
vi tti 17 ttong todn quic (gidm 10 b§c so vdi 2008) vd thir 2 ttong vimg. Day Id mft budc
tien ddng kf ciia tinh ttong vife gidm nghfo, ddc bift gidm nghfo d cdc linh vyc tiip can
dich vy xd hpi co^bdn. Nfu so sdnh vdi cdc tinh frong khu vye cd thk tiily Thai Nguyfn c6
nhiing chuyen bien tich eye ban cd (chi sau Bdc Giang). Tuy nhifn, dp sdu tiiifu hyt ciia
lHai Nguyen gidm khdng ddng ki tii 38,1% (2008) xuing 37,7%.
-Tning nhdm ngheo da chiiu cua Thdi Nguyfn ndm 2012 thi t^ If tiiiiu hyt vi gido

TA ^ ^'u
" 1 ! ^ "® "* "^ ''•*• * ' ^ "^ *h°ng tin khdng ed sy khdc bift nhau Idn
va da so Id ttiong doi tiuip so vdi cdc tinh, thanh trong cd nude vd tfilp han hiu hit cic
\


Trjnh TJ^NgUd 63

S i r ^ ^ ^ I l^ " " ^ •"" P " ' ^ - •^"'"S * ' '^ '^ °gheo da chiiu tfiiiu hyt vi
tt^ cgn tfiong ttn U tfiap nhat Ty If ngudi ngheo khdng dupe su dyng difn tfioai hay
T i n i - ' " ^
^ ^ l ! " " ''''''" ""^ • ^ S 7ttongttidnqudc^'tfilp nhdt vung'
n % x S ^ ' TT "f^ ^^^ "^ " ' ^ *^y'" Wnh, ddi phdttftanhhay may vi tinh fa
oLhoZ^^t
T u^ """^ "^ *^P " ^ ^ « - »'^" ^« cho tiily, ttong nhiing ndm
Ttten d i e r - '
^
*"''" J ^ ^' ^ •="' ^»^^» "l^ '1'^^ t u i TUdi Nguyen diu

SrtiipXZgl''" "^ ""'" "^- '^ '^ •'* " ^ -P " ^ ' ^ ^^ Sn diiu
Bing ,. Ty le b$ nghio da chiiu vi dO siu thiiu hg. coa h$ nghio *Thii Nguyen
vi mpt sd dja phinrng, 2008 - 2012

Bia phuong
^
*
Thii Nguyen
BicKgn
Cao Bing
Hi Giang

UoCai
Lai Chiu
Ci nude
VingTDMNPB

Hp nghto da chiiu
T,-I-I.-—Zr~:Z
:
Ty If hg ngheo (%)
Dg sdu thiiu hyt (%)
?^

Don vj:
v i i.
••=L.
Xep hgng ty le hO
nghto da chiiu

2012

2008

2012

2008

2012

19,7


12,2

38,1

37,7

45,2

31,1

40,2

42,5

27
46
59
61
57
63

17
38
49
61
54
62

60,9


42,6

46,3

42,6

73,0

64,3

45,6

42,8

57,0

47,6

45,4

43.7

82.3

62,9

50,0

44,9


23,3

21,3

40,2

40,6

39,5

33,6

42,6

42,1

Ngudn: UNDP. 2012 vd20l5

T- .- IV^u^^l
^"^ "^^"^ ^''"x''^* ^^ S'^° ^"^^ "^ ™ ^ Ng"y«n ciingttrongdii tiiip
Ty Iptfiieuhyt vi ttinh dp hpe vin d ngudi Idn Id 4.8% - xip hgng 13 ttJng toL q i i c ^
tfilp nhf trong vdng Tuang nr, ty If tfiiiu hy, vi nhgp hpc d tte Id 1,1% xip Jgng 13
trong 63 tmhtfianhvdtfiu2 ttong vimg (tinh todn dya ttfn UNDP, 2015). TTidnh tich ndv
gdn hen vo. vi tti eua tinh Idttmigtdm ddo tgo nguin nhdn lyc Idntfiuba cua cd nude sau
Ha Np. vdtfidnhphi Hi Chi Minh. Ty If ngheo da chiiu tfiiiu hyt vi y ,i,
^^InZ
"^t i.u^
. t n " ' ^ ^ g ciia Thai Nguyen d muc frung bmh. Rifng vi ,y If ngudi
nghfo khdng cd bdo hiim y ,i cua Thdi Nguyfn (6,5-/.) ciing nhu eua tSc tinh tt^nglZ
vyc vao muctiiapso vdi cd nude.

^
Ty If ngudi nghfo da chiiu tiip cgn ngudn nude khdng an tt^ ho|c bi d nhiim d
Thdi Nguyen d muc trung binh 30% (tiiu 30 frong 63tinh/tfidnh)vdo ndm 2008 vd dd
gidm mgnh xuing cdn 7.3% vdo ndm 2012. Tuong tti. ty If ngudi ngheot^chSil^Sng
dupe su dyng hi xi v? smh gidmttr92% vdo ndm 2008 xuing edn 9. m vdo ndm ^072
.

- J'°"K ? f 7V "" ^^

XiftH"' ? ^'TA"''''''''ã

' ^^\^' "^^^^ " ^ ^ ( ^ * ô ' n"i« thu nhgp) cua tinh lifn

""'"^ "°^ '' Vd Nhai la 2 huyfn c d f f C j ^ S

nhi trongttnhva tic dp gidm ngheo chgm nhdt Day Id hai huyfn miin niii diifkifnlj
nh.en khdc nghi?t, dan cu tiiua tiidt chu yiu la ngudi dan ,pc tiiifu sd. ttinh d i p M t S

Z


64

Chi so ngheo da chieu cda Thdi Nguyen hifn nay..

kinh te - xd hdi edn ttfiidu hgn chf. Dudi ,ac dpng cua Chuong trinh 135, cdc xd ddc bift
khd khdn cua Vd Nhai. Dinh Hda da dupe d u tu xay dyng co sd ha ting, chuyin dii mf
hinh kmh ti. thyc hifn xda ddi gidm ngheo. Du kiin, ndm 2015 ty If hp nghfo toan tinh
gidm tti 9,1% d u ndm xudng edn 7,1%. gidm 2% so vdi ddu ndm 2015. hodn thanh ke
hogch df ra (UBND tinh Thai Nguyen, 2015: 10).

Bang 2. So h? nghio vi ty If hf nghto tgi cic huyfn/thinh phfi/thj xi * Thii Nguyin
2006
Dja phuong

2009

2014

Ty le hg

Sihp

Ty le hO

S6h0

Tyiehe

S6hf

T^IW

nghto

nghto

nghio

nghio


ngheo

ngheo

ngheo

nghio

(%)
Toin tinh

2012

Sih$

(%)

{%\

61695

23,7

39471

14,0

41025

13,8


28118

TP Thii Nguygn

3866

7,0

1764

17,2

931

3,1
5,0

1239

1940

2,9
6,4

2069

S6ng C6ng

645


476

V21.
9,1

1,8
3,6

Dj'nh H6a

8509

38,9

5424

23,2

6191

24,8

4838

18,9

va Nhai

6510


46,5

4170

25,2

5149

31,4

3633

22,0

Phu Luong

7303

29,0

5272

19,6

4054

13,9

2798


DingHy

9.5

6473

23,7

4525

16,0

4574

16,2

3106

10,8

Dgi Tir

II08I

28,0

7690

17,6


9213

19,7

5894

12,3

PhD Binh

9228

28,1

6317

18,8

5764

16,1

3866

10,4

Phi Y6n

6785


21,14

3441

10,23

3366

9,03

2268

5,47

Ngudn: Tdng eye Thing ke. 2010. 2012. 2015.

3. Mpt so vin dl d$t ra vl tinh trang nghfo da ehilu cua Thdi Nguyen
Niu phdt triin con ngudi Id qud trinh md rpng nhihig lya chpn cda con ngudi qua dd con ngudi tiiu nhgn them nhiiu ndng lyc han vd cd them nhiiu co hfi dl sii
dyng nhihig ndng lyc dd (UNDP, 2016: 2), thi nghfo ddi Id rdo cdn dii vdi sy phdt
trien eon ngudi vd dupe nhin nhgn "Id mft hifn tupng da chllu. Id sy tiiiiu hyt/khfng
dupe,hoa mdn ede nhu cau co bdn eua con ngudi" (Bp Lao dpng - Thuang binh vd XS
hpu 20 4: 14). Tu ndm 2008 din 2012. chi si HDI cda Thdi Nguyfn tdng Ifn vd chi s6
MPI gidm xuong trong bdng xip hgng. Diiu dd cho thiy nhfhig thdnh tyu vl phdt triin
con ngud. cua Thd. Nguyfn gdn liin vdi cdng tdc gidm nghfo cd vl thu nh$p vd cdc
I t 7 1 " ^ S " u"^'P" ^"^."^l^"' f" ''^^ '^ ' ^ ^ '^^"g t^tr thyc ti tinh ttgng ddi nghfo
cuvi "iJ-f
. . Ihifu
" ' qud.
" " ' ' "^ "^ "^^ •*^' " "^^^ "^P 'V'^ nghien cuu vd cd gidi rphdpi- giili

quyet
mpt cdch
e
ddn ,I!'i"^^'''K^
^^ " ^ ' ' ' ° **" "^'^'^ "^^ •^*'^' Nguyfn chu yiu vin rai vdo nhfm
Dbh Hdfv." v« I^uVf"^
"* ^ ^ . ' ' h i ' n h eua tinh Thdi Nguyfn thi Phii Luong,
n i o R ddn t l i S ' ' ' ' ' " 1 " '" '^ •!' ' • ^ '^' "^'^^ '^ " h i L nhit vd tf If hf
sing d n h S ^
-^ ""° ""^^ ? ^ ^'^"^ '=''""8 ^"^ ''^"g hdo ddn tpc thiiu si Id
S
it^L^^^
" " i r . ' "°^ '''^" ^'^" ^V -^'^f ^^' nghift. hg dng ea sd cfn
S^in t ^ n . cd o f , - ' ! "' ' ' l ' ^ ' ' " " ' •^^"e <=•" "8hfo vi thu n ^ p md cdn thiiu
thon ttong ed cdc Imh vyc phi thu nhdp nhu vin di mdi sinh, nude sach, diiu kifn vf

J


Trjnh Thi Nghui

65

d Th«y?f ^' ° M ^ - ^ "^^'^ '''"^ '^^ ^'= ^° 'J^ cimg la mpt vin df dang dupe ddt ra

2015: 42^, T.dS phi ^
rti, i ,
Th?..»

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f^

^ ' ' " ^ ^ " "eirm cua 3 don vi nay diu cao han so vdi cdc

u- .-

*'° **' ° ^ ^ °8heo chiu sy ,dc dpng mgnh nhi, cua gid cd

SmtoTCd'SdtL^?^/^^^^^
jn.dmv,evdsinh^tgS^s:rtt:trr^

S t ' A T ' t - ^ , ^ f t " ' ninh, bdo hiim y ,i, nude sjh, mdi ttudngZg d u ^ ' ^ r a

Thu ba^ cdc chinh sach giam nghfo ttrong dii ,odn difn nhung hifu qud tir gidm
g t o v e kinh ,i d nluiu dia phuong d TTidi Nguyfn vin chua'tfiyc X
qltd / t t S
ten ^ng^Trong nhOng „am qua, nhihig chmh sach gidm nghfo cuatinhkhdng cW q ^
^ denfliunhgp cho hf nghfo md edn quan idm din cdc khia canh khdc cua d« E
mua &f BHYT cho ngud. nghfo, ngudi dan tic tiulu sd vung khd khdn, hd cdn neheod tten dipn, nude smh hogt, ttp giiip phdp ly. Niu nhm nhan dudi gdc dp nghtoda cWiu

Ph4"4:;r.^srin^?k4^.zrfji-^^^^^^
ndm 2013. Chuong trinh 135 Id mft ttong nhihig chmh sdeh q ^ i
tt^nS
^tt^pt
tnin kinh te xd hf. cdc xd ddc bif, khd khdn miin ndi vd viing sdu, vim^l^
d l vf
tfiye hifn dTTidiNguyf^ ehuong ttinh cho tfily sy n i o n l l c r v d T dTng^eJ^ye^

huypn Vd Nhai , i , hon rl, nhiiu so vdi d huyfn Djnh Hda. Nhu vgy, cdc SiSi s^Jvd
mo hmh pdm nghfo phdi ludn tinh din yiu ,i d?ctfiddja p h u o n g ^ ^ Z h i ^ ^ nhu.^,i-xdh,i,vdnhd.ddncu...dindngr^futtX^^^^


66

Chi sd nghio da chiiu eua Thdi Nguyen hifn nay...

Tdi lifu tham khao
BO Lao dOng - Thuong binh vi Xi h$i vi UNDP. 2015. Bdo cdo tdng quan cdc nghien ctiu vfgidm nghho
ViflNam. mmiBp Lao d$ng - Thuong binh vi Xi hfi. 2014. Di dn Idng thi chuyin ddi phuang phdp tiip cgn do ludng
ngheo tie dem chiiu dua vdo thu nhgp sang da ehiiu dp dyng Irong giai dogn 2016 - 2020.
Chinh phu. 2015. Quyit djnh si 59/2015/QD-TTg vi viec ban hinh chuin nghto tiip d n da chiiu ip dgng
cho giai do^n 2016 • 2020.
Ding Nguyen Anh. 2015. Nghto da chiiu a Viet Nam: MOt s6 vin di chlnh sich vi thyc tiin. Vien H4ii
lim Khoa hpc xi hOi Vif. Nam. Truy c^p tii , tniy c§p ngiy 13/11/2015.
Phgm H?nh. 2014. Tiip cin nghio da chiiu hudng t(ii giim nghio bin vOng. Tniy c|p td
, ngiy 1/4/2014.
Quic hOi. 2014. Nghj Quyit si 76/2014/QH13 vi Diy mgnh myc tieu giim nghto bin vOng din nim 2020.
Ting eye Thing ki. 2010. Nien gidm thdng ki tinh Thdi Nguyen 2009. Thii Nguyen.
Ting eye Thing ke. 2013. Nien gidm thing ke linh Thdi Nguyen 2012. Thii Nguyen.
Ting cvc Thing k6. 2015. Nien gidm thing ke tinh Thdi Nguyen 2014. Thii Nguyen.
UBND tinh Thii Nguyen. 2013. Diin biin tinh hinh hg nghio hdng ndm giai dogn 2009 -2013. Luu Pli6ng
Vin thu, S* Lao dOng - Thuong binh vi XI hfi.
UBND thih Thii Nguyen. 2015. Bdo cdo kit qud thuc hifn nhifm vy phdt triin Unh li - xd h^i ndm 2015,
phuong hu&ng, nhifm vy phdt triin kinh li - xd h0i ndm 2016. Luu Ph6ng Hinh chlnh ting hpp.
UNDP. 2012. Djch vy xd hdi phyc vyphdt triin con ngudi. Bdo cdo qudc gia viphdl triin con ngudi lOm
20//. Hi NOi.
°
r

s
UNDP. 2016. Bdo cdo phdi triin con ngudi Vift Nam 2015 vi tdng trudng bao Iritm. Nxb Khoa hpc x! hji.
Hi NOi.

mi

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