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Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh trj. Kinh le vd Phdp lugf 26 (201

Tap chi Khoa hgc TrL/dng Dai hpc Can Thrf
website: sj.ctu.edu.vn

THirC TRANG BINH 0ANG GlOfI CUA CONG DONG DAN TOC KHMER
KHU VlTC NONG THON DONG B A N G SONG CUtJ LONG
V6 Hdng Tii va Nguyen Thuy Trang
Khoa Phdt trien Ndng thdn, Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 16/11/2012
Ngdy chdp nhgn: 19/06/2013
Title:
The real state ofgender
equality of Khmer community
at rural areas of Mekong
Delta
Tit khda:
Binh ddng gidi, vai trd gidi,
vai trd sdn xudt vd vai trd tdi
san xudt
Keywords:
Gender equality, gender
roles, production role and
reproduction role

ABSTRACT
Gender equality is one out of the important goals that many countries
over the world have been pursuing for last years, in which includes

Vietnam. Although this aspect's importance was recognized, the real
state and implementing performance of gender equality are still facing
difficulties, especially in rural areas where Khmer people are living in.
However, still lack of research relating to this area has been conducted.
These are the reasons why the research M'OS implemented to provide
answers to three following objectives: (J) investigating the status of
gender equality in aspects of economic, social, health, education,... (2)
investigating the status of task allocation according to three gender roles
and (3) suggesting solutions for better situation of gender equality. PRA
(KIP and focus group discussion) and household survey have been
applied to collect data. Study results show that the gender equality's
situation is quite good, women contribute about 58% of total household'
income, women approach better in education opportunities than men,
both men and women participate in resource management. Regarding to
activity allocation, women spend 1.5 hours more than men.
TOM T A T
Binh ddng gidi (BDG) Id mdt trong nhirng miu: hiu quan trgng md cdc
nude trin the gidi dd vd dang deo dudi trong thdi gian qua, ke cd Viet
Nam. Mac dii vdn de ndy da dugc nhgn ra Id rdt quan ti-gng nhung tinh
hinh BDG vd thyc thi BDG vdn cdn nhiiu bdt cap, dgc biet Id khu vytc
ndng thon cd dong bdo ddn tgc Khmer. Tuy nhien, cho din nay vdn cdn
rdt d nghiin cuu ve Imh vuc ndy. Dd chinh Id nhiing ly do nghiin cuu
dugc thuc hiin vdi ba muc tieu cii thi sau: (I) lim hiiu thuc trgng BDG
trong cdc ITnh vuc kink ti, xd hdi, y ti, gido due,...; (2) thuc trgng phdn
cdng lao ddng trong gia dinh theo ba vai trd gidi vd (3) cdc giai phdp
thiic ddy BDG. Phuang phdp PRA (KIP vd thdo ludn nhdm) vd diiu tra
hd da dugc su dung de thu thdp sd lieu. Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy
thuc trgng BDG Id tuang ddi tdt, phu nie ddng gdp khodng 58% tdng thu
nhap, tiip can gido due cua phu nif cd khi^h hudng cao han nam, tiep
cgn vd kiim sodtnguSn luc cd sir tham gia cua cd hai gidi Vi phdn cong

lao dgng cho thdy tdng thdi gian ldm viec trong ngdy cm nit nhiiu han
kljodng 1.5 gia so vdi nam gidi.


Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hoc Cdn Tho

Phdn D' Khoa hgc Chinh tri. Kinh le vd Phdp lugl. 26 (2013): 1-8

1 GlOrr THIEU
BDG gida nam va nii la muc tieu deo dudi
cua tat ca cac nude yen the gidi yong nhieu
thap nien qua. Trong nhung nam gdn day, tuy
tinh hinh kinh te xa hpi ciia thd gidi ndi chung
da cd nhieu budc tien vugt bac nhung vin cdn
rat nhieu nude dac biet la cac nude ed thu
nhap thap, cai hd ngan each vd than phan giua
nam va nil' van chua duoc sang bang (Que,
2000).
Van de nay cung dugc xem la mdt yong
nhiing trd ngai Idn yong phat yien kinh te xa
hgi eua Viet Nam theo dinh hudng thi trudng,
do ban ch^ sy ddng gdp vao phat yien eua nu
gidi. Vi thd, vao ngay 21/11/2006 luat BDG da
dugc Quoc hdi khda XI thdng qua tai ky hgp
thu X va luat nay ed hieu luc thi hanh vao
ngay 1/7/2007. Ke tu khi luat dugc di vao cugc
sdng cho d^n nay theo danh gia so bg eiia Ha
Phuang nSm 2010 thi da cd nhung budc dau
thay ddi dang kd yong nhan thdc ciia nhan dan
ve BDG giiia nam va nii. Tuy nhien, tinh hinh

thye thi van eon nhieu bat cap, d^c biet la d
khu vuc ndng thdn cd dong bao dan tdc Khmer
dang sinh s6ng. Dieu nay da lam eho luat BDG
chua thye su di sau vao cugc sdng (Trang,
2011 va Hoang Anh, 2010).
Ben canh dd, mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan
dan ddn sy yeu thd ciia nu gidi so vdi nam gidi

la vai yd eua hg chua duge khang dinh trong
cac ITnh vuc phat tridn kinh td va xa hdi. Cho
d€n nay van cdn rdt it cac de tai nghien cdu ve
thye trang BDG ciia ddng bao dan tdc Khmer
tai khu vuc ndng thdn ddng bang sdng Ciru
Long (DBSCL) yong cac ITnh vyc (kinh t^,
v ^ hda, xa hdi, y te, giao due va tiep can ciing
nhu hudng lgi td nhung thanh qua ma hg tao
ra), vi vay dd tai nghien cuu nham gdp phan
khang dinh vai trd cua nii gidi ddng thdi de
xuat cac giai phap giiip nang cao nhan thuc
cila ngudi dan dia ban nghien eun v^ BDG.
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN C t r u
2.1 Cach tiep can
Theo Qud nam 2008 thi BDG la mdt ITnh
vyc da khia canh ve kinh te, van hda, xa hdi,
tidp can va kidm soat ngudn lye va vai yd eua
tung gidi trong gia dinh ma d dd hai gidi deu
ed CO hdi nhu nhau trong viec tham gia va ra
quyet dinh. Nghien cdu se ap dgng each tiep
can ba khia canh \t BDG de danh gia tinh hinh
BDG tai dia ban nghien cdu. Mpt cgng ddng

dugc xem la binh dang vS gidi khi hg tiiuc su
binh dang ve ba vai do ciia gidi (phSn cdng
hgp ly ve vai yd san xuat, tai san xuat va cdng
ddng), binh dang ve co hdi tham gia va
tiep can cac ITnh vyc kinh td, van hda, xa hdi, y
tg, giao due va cudi ciing la tiep can va ra
quyet dinh.

3 vai tro gidi

Ti4p can va ra
quy£t dinh

Kinh tl, van
hda, xa h^U y
tl, giao due
Hinh 1: Khung tilp c^n tam gidc BDG
Nguon: tdc gid, 2012

2.2 Pham vi khdng gian nghien cu-u
Nghien cdu dugc thuc hien d khu vyc ndng
thdn thudc hai tinh Soc Trang va Kidn Giang
vi day la hai tinh dai dien ed ty le ngudi
Khmer ddng nhat nhi d DBSCL, trong dd Sdc

Trang la 30,7% tap trung d cac huyen VTnh
Chau, My Xuyen, My Tii va Long Phu (Van
phdng UBND tinh Sdc Trang) va Kien Giang
la 12.68% so vdi dan sd cua tinh (Van phong
UBND tinh Kien Giang).



Tap ehi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho

Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri. Kinh U vd Phdp lugl: 26 (2013): IS^

2.3 Phirimg phap thu thap so lieu
2.3.1 Thu thdp sd lieu thir cap
Sd lieu dugc thu thap tu nhidu ngudn bao
gdm: Hdi Phu nii eiia tinh, huyen va xa thudc
eac dia ban nghien ciiu. Bg Ndng nghiep va
Phat tri^n Ndng thdn; cac tap chi phu nd; eac
giao yinh; cac bai luan van da nghien cuu
yudc do va cac ngudn thdng tin tu Internet;
Nien giam thdng ke. Muc dich chinh ciia viec
thu thap thdng tin la dd md ta thuc trang BDG
va vai trd eiia phu nii trong phat trien kinh
tehd.
2.3.2 Thu thdp sd lieu sa cap
Trong hai tinh thudc dia ban nghien cuu
ciia dd tai se chgn ra bdn huyen eo ty le ddng
bao dan tdc Khmer ddng nhat va ed dac diem
ve van hda va phong tuc tap quan khae nhau
nham tao tinh dai dien cho nghien cdu. Trong
moi huyen se ehpn ra mdt xa cd ed ty le
Khmer dong nhit dd thu thap thdng tin. Trong
mdi xa tac gia se tidn hanh ehpn mau thuan
tien de phdng van tryc tiep ndng hd vdi tdng
mau nghien cuu eua moi xa la 50 quan sat mau
(tdng hai tinh la 200 quan sat mau) du Idn de

dai dien eho quy md nghien cuu mgt tinh.
- Phuong phap PRA: Phuong phap nay
dugc ap dung de danh gia thye yang BDG va
vai trd eiia phu nu yong phat triSn kinh td hd
eua cdng ddng vung nghien cdu. Cac cdng cu
chinh cho thyc hien nghien cuu nay la KIP
(phdng van chuyen gia) va phdng van nhdm
tap dung. PRA dugc thyc hien d 3 cap do khae
nhau: chinh quyen dja phuong cap huyen (bao
gom cae ban nganh eo lien quan cd thd eung
cap cac thdng tin vd thuc trang thuc thi chinh
sach BDG va cdng viee (vai yd) cua phu nu
Khmer trong phat tridn kinh te hd, chinh quydn
dia phuong cap xa va edp cdng ddng (vdi cac
ddi tugng la hd ngheo, trung binh va kha/giau).
Di^u tra ndng ho: Sd dung bang eau
hdi da soan san tien hanh thu thap thdng tin dk
tim hieu yach nhiem, vi di, sy phat huy vai yd
va nang lyc ciia phu nii yong kinh t^ hd, kha
nang tiep can va kiem soat cae ngudn lyc yong
gia dinh eung nhu thyc trang BDG. Chgn hd
dieu ya nglu nhien nhung theo tieu chi la bao
gdm cac hd kha/giau (21%), yung binh (36%)

va ngheo la (43%). Dap vien phai bao ^dm ca
nam va nii vdi ty le la 40 va 60%. Tdng so
quan sat la201.
2.4 Phuong phap phan tich so lieu
Trong nghidn cdu nay, cac cdng cu dugc sir
dung chmh la thdng ke mo ta, tSn suit d^ phan

tich thye ygng BDG, ty Ie nu tham gia vao eac
hoat dgng kinh te, van hda, dich vu, y te va
hudng thu thanh qua lao ddng,... phan tfch
bang eheo de xac dinh thuc trang BDG d cac
ITnh vyc tai dia ban nghien eihi nhu mdi tuang
quan giira cac bien ve BDG ( ^ Ie nam nd tham
gia vao cac hoat ddng kinh te, ty le nam nd ra
quyet dinh dong ndng hd,...)
3 K E T QUA NGHIEN C t t J
3.1 Tinh hinh BDG
3.1.1 Binh dang ve kinh te
BDG vd ITnh vuc kinh tS duge the hien
thdng qua ^ le nam, nii tham gia vao eac boat
ddng san xuat, ty le ddng gdp vao tdng thu
nhap ndng hd va ra quyet djnh yong cae boat
ddng san xuat khac nhau.
Kdt qua nghien cdu Hinh 2 eho thay phu nii
ddng gdp rdt Idn vao hoat ddng phat yien kinh
td hd, yong dd ddng gdp vao hoat ddng san
xudt Ilia chidm 37% yong tdng thu nhap tiir
boat ddng nay, chii ydu tham gia cae khau cay
giam, nho cd va quan ly ehi tieu eiing dugc
xem la hoat ddng ed ddng gdp eiia phu nii it
nhat, phan Idn eac cdng doan yeu cau nhieu v6
sue lyc chi nam gidi mdi ed the dap dng dugc
nhu: sa phan, phun thudc, sa liia, bom nude,...
Ddi vdi cae hoat ddng san xuat cdn lai, vai yd
eua ngudi phu nii rat to Idn trong tao ra thu
nhap, dao ddng td 57-70% dong tdng thu nh|p
eua timg boat ddng, ddi vdi chan nudi len den

70% (tham gia va ra quydt dinh rat nhieu khau
tu chgn gidng, cham soc, cho an va quan ly ehi
tieu), lam thue ndng nghiep la 57%, lam can
bd la 58%, lam thue ndng nghiep la 68%. Nhu
vay, chiing ta ed thd kdt luan rang vai yd ciia
nii gidi dong phat yien kinh te la rat quan
trgng va hg co duge co hdi dong tham ^ia va
ra quydt dinh yong cac boat ddng san xuat cua
gia dinh. Con so nay cung gdp phan ndi len su
binh dang yong tham gia vao cac hoat ddng
kinh td cua hai gidi.


Tgp ehi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoe Cdn Tho

Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh tri. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 26 (2013): 1-8

3.1.3 Binh ddng ve chinh tri

I
Lu

'" n Fi n h
Chuiu

Hinh 2: Ty trpng dong gop cua phu nfr vao
ngudn thu oh^p va dp lech chuSn
Nguon: Kit qud dieu tra nong hg 2012. n=20
3.1.2 Binh ddng ve xd hdi
Theo ket qua nghien cuu cho thay cd 9% y

kien cho ring co quan diem dgng nam khinh
nu yong ddng bao dan tdc Khmer, quan diem
nay duge the hien thdng qua eac bidu hien nhu
thich eon yai ban nen mudn sinh duge con trai
dd ndi ddng, ndi ddi, con yai thi lam ra nhieu
tien ban va sau nay se chju yach nhiem thd
cung cha me, khi sinh dugc con trai thi td chuc
sinh nhat,...
Tuy nhien, cd ddn hon 90% sd hd cho rang
eon yai va con gai deu nhu nhau va ddu la con
cua minh, nhung ddi khi cdn cd mdt vai quan
didm thuong con gai nhieu ban va thich sdng
chung vdi eon gai khi ve gia (4% y kien), khi
hdi ly do thi ngudi dan ehi tra Idi don gian la
con gai se cham sdc va lo lang eho tdi nhieu
hon eon dai (KIP/PRA can bg phu nii cdp xa).
V^ ty Ie phu nii tham gia vao cac td chdc xa
hdi thi chi cd 25 bd cd thanh vien nu tham gia
vao chi hgi phu nii, chidm khoang 12% so vdi
tdng so hd dugc phdng van.
Tdm Iai, vd mat xa hgi thi van dh BDG la
kha tdt d khu vyc nghien cdu, quan diem dpng
nam khinh nd la khdng dang ke tuy nhien ciing
cdn cd nhung no lyc tiep theo dd xda bd hoan
toan quan diem Idch lac nay.

' Ty trpng dong gop cua phu nxc vao cac ngudn thu
nhap dugc do ludng dya Uen kit qua phdng van ve
thdi gian tham gia. s5 ngudi tham gia Uong tdng
hoat dpng san xuat, vai tro va muc dp dong gdp

uong tiing nguon thu nhap theo danh gia ciia chinh
ngudi dugc phdng van.

Theo kdt qua bao cao ciia UBND eac huyen
yong dia ban nghien cuu la My Tu, My Xuyen
eiia Sdc Trang va Gd Quao eua Kien Giang thi
ty le nu tham gia vao Hdi ddng nhan dan edp
huyen va xa vdn cdn thap (chi khoang 9-12%)
nhidu hon so vdi chi tieu yung binh cua ca
nude d cae cdp (khoang 20 - 23%) (Tap ehi
Cgng san Dien tu, 2011).
Tu day ta cd the kdt luan rang vai yd cua
phu nd hay BDG vd ITnh vyc chinh y i hay vi
y i lanh dao van con rdt thap so vdi ehi tieu
chung cua ca nude nen can cd mdt dinh hudng
chien luge hon niia ve dao tao va nang cao
yinh do ca vd ly luan lan kien thdc chuyen
mdn dd nang cao hon nua ty Ie nu- tham gia
vao ITnh vyc chinh yi, dac biet la ngudi dan
toe Khmer.
3.1.4 Binh ddng ve y te - gido diic
Theo kdt qua nghidn ciru eho thay khdng cd
su khac biet nao trong van de tiep can dich vu
y td giua nam va nii vdi t^ le tham gia bao
hiem idn lugt la 1.08 va 1.1 ngudi/hd. Hon
nua, trong thdi gian gan day ed nhieu chuong
trinh cdp phat thudc mien phi eho hd ngheo
eiing nhu kham chCra benh cho cac phu nii
vung ndng thdn nen phan Idn cae phu nu deu
tidp can dugc dich vu y te (PRA,2012).

Ve ITnh vyc giao due thi theo nghien cuu
cho thay viee quyet dinh chuyen hgc hanh ciia
con phdn Idn la do hai vg chdng quyet dinh,
chidm 79% y kien va 10% y kidn eho'ring
chdng la ngudi quydt dinh cdn lai 11% la do
vg quyet dinh.
Theo ket qua nghien cuu ciing cho thay co
khuynh hudng yinh do hoc vdn trung binh ciia
nu la cao hon nam (Hinh 3). Ket qua tu Hinh 3
cho thay ring ddi vdi nhiing nhdm tudi tu 20
yd len, hay ndi each khae la trudc nam 1990
thi yinh do hgc van trung binh eiia nam ludn
cao hon so vdi nu, trung binh cao hon khoang
I - 2 ldp. Khoang each nay ngay cang Idn khi
nhdm tudi cang Idn dieu nay cd nghTa la dong
qua khu ^uan niem trgng nam khinh nii yong
van de tiep can giao due la rdt Idn. Tuy nhien,
tu nhiing nam sau 1990 hay ndi each khae la


Tgp chi Khoa hoc Truong Dgi hoc Cdn Tha

Phdn D: Khoa hge Chinh tri. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 26 (2013): 1-8 '

nhdm tudi nhd hon 20 thi trinh do hoe van
yung binh eua nu Iai cao hon so vdi nam, mac
dii khoang each cao hon khdng nhidu nhung
lai thd hien mpt kdt qua hdt sue cd y nghTa ve

10-20


20-30

30^0

mat BDG yong linh vyc giao due, hay ndi
each khac la nft cung cd ea hdi nhu nam yong
vSn de hgc hanh va khdng cdn tdn tai quan
niem phan biet nua.

40-50

50-60

60-70

>70 Tooi

ETinh 3: Trinh dp hpc vdn trung binh theo nhom tuoi va dp l^ch chuSn
Nguon: Ket qud dieu tra nong hg 2012, n=201

3.1.5 Binh dans trong ra quyet dinh vd kiem
soat ngudn lire
Tiep can va kiem soat ngudn luc la mdt
yong nhdng tieu chi the hien quyen eon ngudi
va vai trd eung nhu vi yi ciia ngudi phu nii.
Ket qua nghien cdu cho thay ehii hd phdn Idn
la nam gidi, chiem 73% y kidn va chi ed 9% y
kien eho rang nir lam chii hd, cdn lai la cha va
me lam chu hd, trudng hgp nay phdn Idn la do

cdn sdng chung vdi cha me ma cha me cdn kha
nang quan ly va ra quyet djnh cae viec quan
trpng yong gia dinh.
De thay rd hon ve viec thu hudng lgi ich
giiia nam va nu, nghidn cuu nay ciing tap trung
den viec ddng ten dong chii quySn sd hiJu cac
tai san Idn dong gia dinh vi day la tieu chi thd
hien quydn va lgi ich eua ngudi phu nu khi cd
chuyen xung dot xay ra dong gia dinh thi
quyen lgi eua ngudi phu nu duge bao ve
tdt bon.
Kdt qua nghien ciru cung eho thdy phdn Idn
tai san la do ngudi chdng dung ten yong quyen
sd huu tai san (58% y kiln), vg thi chi chidm
(9%) va ea hai vg chdng la (12%); eon lai 2 1 %
thi cha me cdn ddng ten dong gidy quydn sd
hiiu sd dung ddt, yong dd cha chidm 10% va
me la 11% - day khdng phai la eon sd ndi len

duge quyen quan ly va tiep can tai san giiia hai
gidi vi phan Idn gia dinh trong diem nghien
cdu chi cdn cha hoac me nen khi cha mat me
se dung ten va ngugc lai.
Ve vide ra quyet dinh dong cae hoat ddng
cua gia dinh thi ket qua nghien cdu cho thdy,
mac dil vai yd ddng gdp ciia ngudi phii nii
trong phat yidn kinh te hg la rdt quan dgng
nhung quydn kiem soat va ra quyet dinh vl su
dung tai san cua ngudi phu nii lai bi ban che,
dac biet la cac trudng hgp quyet djnh cae van

dd quan dgng hoac cd gia yi Idn nhu mua tai
san Idn, mua ban dat va sua chiia nha cda
(Hinh 4).
Ddi vdi viee quyet dinh nhirng chuyen nhd
thi phan Idn do phu nii dam nhan nhu ehi tieu
hang ngay, di chg, mua thue an,...va mua dd
diing ndi trg (Hinh 4).
Tuy nhien, cd ddn hon 60% eac hp cd y
kien cho rang cd su tham gia cda phu nii khi
quyet dinh cac chuyen Idn cua gia dinh. Day la
mdt con sd hdt sue quan ygng the hien quyen
luc kiem soat va ra quyet djnh ciia ngudi phu
nu. Khi su tham gia cua phu nir cang Idn thi
hieu qua yong boat ddng san xudt va kinh te
ciia gia dinh cang tdt han.


Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho

Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh Iri. Kinh ti vd Phdp luat: 26 (2013): 1-8

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Hinh 4: Ra quy£t dinh trong boat ddng sinh boat hdng ngay
Nguon: Kit qud diiu tia ndng ho 2012. n=201

Nhu vay, quyen tiep can va quan Iy tai san
cua ngudi phu nii vin cdn han ehi nen khi cd
xung dot va chuyen khdng mong dgi xay ra thi
quyen lgi cua ngudi phu nii se hi thua thiet

hoan toan dong khi vai yd ciia ngudi phu nir la
r 5 t - n a n V ^ n K 4-S t . A
I/" 5trat quan ygng yong phat ftrien
kinh td hd. Ket
qua nay cho thay can ed mdt each lam va giai
quyet tdt hon de dam bao quyen lgi cua ngudi

phu nir.
3.2 Phan cdng lao ddng theo ba vai trd gidi
Ba vai yd eiia gidi va nhu cau phat trien
ban than la tieu chi quan dgng danh gia vai yd,
vi yi cung nhu thuc trang BDG dua yen viec
phan cdng lao ddng va cdng viec hang ngay
giua nam va nir.

Hinh 5: Phan cong vai tro gioi trong ddi song hang nay
Nguon: Ket qua dieu ti-a nong ho 2012, n=201

Ket qua nghien cdu cho thay, ddi vdi vai
yd san xuat thi thdi gian lam viec yen ngay
cua nam nhidu hon khoang 1 gid so vdi nii
gidi. dieu nay ciing dl bieu rang san xuat lua la
boat dgng san xuat chinh eiia dia ban nghien
cdu va yeu cdu nhilu dau tu vl thdi gian, hon
niia boat ddng chan nudi, dac biet la nudi bd

thi hang ngay nam gidi thudng la ngudi di cdt
cd va eung can mpt thdi gian tuong ddi nhilu
nen nhin chung thdi gian lam viee cua nam

nhilu hon nu dong vai yd san xudt nay. Kdt
qua nay cung yiing khdp vdi nhieu nghien ciru
trude day tai DBSCL ve vai yd eua nam gidi
trong san xuat vi hg la "try cot"' ciia gia dinh.


Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha

Phdn D. Khoa hoc Chinh tri. Kinh li va Phdp lugt: 26 (2013): 1-8

Tuy nhien, thdi gian lam viee tren ngay ciia nii
la 7h eung khdng phai la mgt con sd nhd, tu
day ta cd them bdng chdng dl khang dinh vai
trd eiia ngudi phu nii dong hoat ddng san xuat
ciia ndng hd (Hinh 5).
Ngugc lai, ddi vdi vai do tai san xuat nhu
ndu com, cham sdc eon cai, giat quan ao,... thi
thdi gian lam viec yen ngay cua nu: cao hon
nhilu, 4 gid/ngay ddi vdi nu va ehi cd 1.3
gid/ngay ddi vdi nam. Dieu nay cho thay ben
canh vai yd san xudt ngudi phu nii eung phai
ganh them mdt vai yd khac vd eung quan
ypng ma vai trd nay nhieu khi bi xa hdi "Id di"
va xem day la mpt nhiem vu hien nhien cua
ngudi phu nu. Chinh vi the nhirng cdng viec
khdng ten nay da lam ngudi phu nu it co thdi
gian nghi ngai va lam dep cung nhu hgc hdi de
phat yien kien thdc, nang cao su hieu biet.
Ddi vdi vai yd cdng ddng nhu tham gia vao
eac td chdc, lam td thidn thi kit qua nghien

cuu cho thay vai yd nay rat it phd bien trong
dia ban nghien cdu, trung binh ca nam va nu
gidi ehi danh O.I gid eho boat ddng nay, day
ehi la con sd trung binh vi theo ket qua dieu tra
ndng hd eho thdy ed ban 90% hp khdng ed
thue hien vai yd nay,
Ddi vdi nhu eau phat dien ban than, day
khdng phai la vai yd ciia gidi nhung eiing la
mpt yong cac ehi tieu quan ypng danh gia
muc do hudng thu ciia ca nam va nd sau mdt
ngay lam viee. Theo ket qua nghien cuu, nam
danh nhieu thdi gian hon cho nhu cdu nay
(khoang 5.3 gid/ngay) nhu xem tivi, tham hang
xdm. nghi ngoi, nghe nhae... Trong khoang
thdi gian nghi ngoi nay cua nam gidi thi phu
niJ phai thyc hien vai trd tai san xudt nen
thdi gian hudng thu eiia nu chi ed khoang
4.2 gid/ngay.
Khi tdng hgp chung vl ba vai trd gidi thi
thdi gian thue hipn ba vai trd nay cua nu nhilu
ban so vdi nam gidi khoang 1,5 gid, idn lugt la
11 va 9.6 gid/ngay. Ket qua nghien cdu nay
eung gidng vdi nhieu nghien cdu trudc day
nhung sy chenh lech cd khuynh hudng thdp
hon. Dilu nay eho thdy vai yd va tdm quan
trgng eua nii gidi khdng thi chdi cai dugc.

3.3 Giai phap thuc d^y BDG
De ngay yd nen binh ddng hon giua nam va
nii thi nhan thuc ve vai yd va vi tri cua ca hai

gidi phai duge thay ddi. Hien nay, xet vl m5t
ddng gop yong phat triln kuih tl hd va vai yd
trong nudi duong va cham sdc gia dinh thi phy
nu chiem vi trf quan trgng hon nam gidi va tir
do xda dan quan diim lam "nang", ddng^ gdp
nhieu yong gia dinh va ed vi tri tru cot. Can cd
dgi ngu tuyen truyen vien tinh nguyen yong
dan dugc tgp hudn kien thuc ddy dii de hd trg,
giup dd cho ngudi dan.
D I thuc hien tdt viec thyc thi cdng tac
BDG, cdng ddng la ngudi ddng vai yd chinh
yong thay ddi nhan thdc va tuyen truydn vi
day vua la ddi tugng vda la cau noi thdng tin
nen su tham gia cua ngudi dan, ea nam va nii
la hit sue cdn thiet cu the la tiep can eac thdng
tin vl Luat BDG, Luat hdn nhan va gia dinh,...
thdng qua cac kenh thdng tin truyin thdng d?i
chiing nhu tivi va loa phat thanh dia phuang.
Tilp tue van dgng lin nhau va tao mgi dieu
kien eung nhu co hdi nham khuyin khich su
tham gia cua ca phu nii va nam gidi vao eac to
chuc, hdi doan eua dia phuong vi hien nay tj
le tham gia nay van con it nen cdng tac tuyen
truyin thdng tin van cdn gap khd khan hay ndi
each khac cac quylt dinh quan trgng se thiSu f
kien nd gidi (mgt phia td nam) lam anh hudng
den quyen lgi ngudi phu nd ve sau.
Thuc hien Idng ghep cac hoat ddng tuyen
truyin vl BDG vao sinh boat le cua cac td
chdc khac nhu Hdi cyu chien binh va Hdi

ndng dan vi thyc thi cdng tac nay khdng
chi don le mdt minh Hgi phu nii cd the thuc
hien dugc.
Trong cdng tac quy hoach can bd can phai
chu y den sy tham gia cua phu nii Khmer vi cd
nhu vay mdi trung hoa va dap ung tdt dugc lgi
ich cho cac nhdm, cu the la cdng tac xem xet
chi tieu cd tuyen chgn hgc smh nCi Khmer de
gdp phan nang cao trinh do cho nhdm cdng
ddng nay.
Trong cdng tac to chuc boat ddng cua cac
Hdi doan can phai chgn ngudi thyc su cd
"tam'" va cd "tam" de lam chu nhiem hay dung


Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tho

Phdn D Khoa hoc Chinh tri. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt 26 (2013): 1-i

dau cac td/nhdm/chi hdi, cd nhu vay mdi dam
bao duge tinh minh bach va cdng bang v l tai
chinh eung nhu hieu qua hoat dgng.
Trong cdng tac dao tao nghi cho phu nu
can cd sy hai hda ve vai yd san xudt va tai san
xudt cua ngudi phu nii. Hien nay, tai san xudt
la mdt vai yd dang duge xa hdi ngam cho va
cdng nhan la thien chdc ciia ngudi phu nd nen
khi chgn nghe can phai nghT den moi tuong
quan ciia hai vai do nay nhdm tao dilu kien
cho ngudi phu nir thye hien tdt ca hai vai

trd ma khdng bi ganh nang hai mat vl vai trd
cua gidi.
4 KlTLUAN
Theo ket qua nghien cdu td tai lieu so cap
va thd cdp cho thdy, tinh hinh BDG d dia ban
nghien cuu nhin chung la tuong ddi tdt ve eac
mat nhu kinh tl, xS hgi, y t l va giao due, tuy
nhiSn ITnh vyc chinh yi van cdn nhieu ban che
yong sy tham gia cua phu nu d cae vj tri lanh
dao va dai dien eho nhan dan. Ve mat kinh te
thi nu duge binh ddng trong viee lam va cd
ddng gdp rdt quan trgng yong kinh te gia dinh,
yung binh ddng gdp khoang 58% tdng thu
nhap, chilm khoang 28 yieu ddng/nam va su
ddng gdp nay xuat hien trong tat ca cac ITnh
vyc boat ddng san xudt cda ndng hd, yong dd
ddi vdi boat ddng chan nudi thi ddng gdp ciia
phu nd len din yen 70% va eac viec lam phi
ndng nghiep khoang 68%. Ve mat giao due thi
nir va nam diu cd co hdi nhu nhau yong hgc
tap va khdng cd quan diem "nii khdng nen hgc
cao", so lugng nii dang di hoc cao dang/dai
hge nhilu hon nam, idn lugt la 17 va 15 ngudi,
trinh do hgc vdn cua nii ed khuynh hudng cao
hon nam. Vl ITnh vuc y t l thi nvt va nam diu
ed CO hdi nhu nhau yong tiep can dich vu bao
hilm y tl (trung binh mdi hd cd khoang 2
ngudi tham gia bao hiem, trdng do bao gdm I
nam va 1 nii) va kham sue khde; vl ITnh vuc
xa hdi thi ehi ed 9% y kien cho ring eo quan

diim trgng nam khinh nd va 81% y kien cho
ring khdng cd phan biet giiia nam va nu; tuy
nhien ve ITnh vyc chinh yi thi ty Ie nii tham gia
vao cac vi yi quan trgng vin eon rat thap, nhd
hon ty 1$ chung cua ea nude, dac bidt la ty le
nir ddng bao dan tdc Khmer tham gia vao cac

vi ^i lanh dao la rdt it. V l phan cdng theo ba
vai yd gidi thi nhin chung tdng thdi gian lam
viec trong ngay cua nu nhidu hon khoang 1,5
gid so vdi nam gidi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban thuong vu huyen uy MJ Tii, 2012. Bao
cao sa kit 05 nam thyc hien Nghi quyet 11NQ/TW ciia Bp Chirfi tri vl "Cdng tac phy
nfl thdi ky ddy manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien
dai hoa ddt nude". Uy ban Nhan dan huyen
MpTii.
2. Nguyin Thiiy Trang, 2009. Thyc trang BDG
va vai Uo ciia phy niJ tai xa Phong Thanh
Ddng A. Tiiu luan Mon hpc Boat dpng Thyc
tiin, Vien NC PTDBSCL
3. Tap chi Cong san Dien tu (2011). Nang cao ty
le nu Uong Qudc hpi va Hdi ddng nhSn dan
cac cap.
ngay tmy c^p; 21/11/2012
4. Trdn Hoang Anh, 2010. PhSn tich vai Uo ciia
phu nff trong ndng nghiSp va ndng thdn d
huyen Phong Diln Thanh phd Cdn Tha. LuSn
van dai hpc. Vien Nghien cdu Phat triln
DBSCL. Trudng D?i hpc Cdn Tha.

5. Trdn Thj Qui, 2008. Nhftng khai niem ca ban
vl gidi va vSn de gidi d Viet Nam. Trunp tSm
Nghien cdu gioi, Moi trudng va Phat yien
bin viing.
6. Trin Van Thanh, 2011. "Vi sy tiin bp ciia phu
nd" nam 2011 va phuong hudng nhiem vu
nam 2012. Ban vi sy tiin bp phu nii, UBND
huyen My Tii.
7. van phong UBND tinh Soc Trang, 2011. Bao
cao kinh te - xa hgi nam 2011 va dinh hudng
nam 2012. UBND tinh Soc Trang.
8. Van phong UBND tinh Kien Giang. 2011. Bao
cao kinh t§ xa hpi nam 2011 va dinh hudng
nam 2012. UBND tinh Kien Giang.