VIANSINHXAHOI

Giai phdp vo \m lam
va Hn sinh M hdi
HirdNG Tdi MUC TIEU
ON DINH KINH TE VI MO
^ ThS.

L£ THI

MAI ANN

HOC VIEN TAI CHfNH

Trong giai doan 2011-2015,
toc do tang trirdng kinh te
budc diu phuc hoi, Chfnh phi!i
Viet Nam dat muc tieu tdi
nam 2020, thu nh^p binh
qu^n dau ngUcri dat l(hoang
3.000do-la My iami}cl(hi
quan. f)e dat duac muc tieu
nay, yeu cau dat ra ia phai tai
cau true nen kinh te; trong
do, dac biet chu trong thj
trudng iao dong, khong chi
dan thuan giai quyet ciiinh
sach tien luong - viec lam, ma
con can bSod^m sudn djnh
trong phat trien dan so, dich
chuyen lao dpng gii^a cac

nganh, nghe, trinh do ky
nang, dta diem mot each llnh
Tap chf BAO H I I M XA

hoat, an toan. Vay can nhutig
giii phap ve viec lam va An
sinh xa hoi de cd the hudng
tdi muc tieu dn djnh kinh te vT
mo?
Cic gldl phdp chd y£u
Ho trg phdt triin cdc nganh,
nghi c6 ham lugng lao ddng Idn,
edi thiin ehdt lugng viic idm phO
hgp vdi md Nnh phdt triin kinh ti
vd nhdn khdu hgc
Cac chinh sich dau tUcan t i p
trung vao duy tri, phit trien cic
khu vuc cd nhieu khi nang tao
viee lam cd chat lupng. Cd mdt
nghjch ly l i cic nganh xuit khau
ddng gdp Idn vio tang tradng
kinh td - hdi nhip, song thu nhip
cua ngudi lao ddng lai rat thip,
nguyen nhin chO ydu la ngudi
lao ddng lim vide trong cic
nginh cd gii trj gia tang thip.

Hdl ky 01 Ihang 12/2015

ning suit lao ddng thip. Cin

phii quan tim siu sic hdn tdi cic
tie ddng xa hdi, cic md hinh kinh
td. Vi du, vide thinh lap cic khu
cdng nghidp, khu ehd xuit cin cd
dieu kidn tidn quylt l i phii bio
dim didu kidn ha ting eho lao
ddng, qua dd lid trp doanh
nghidp giim chi phi sd dung,
tuyen dung v i dio tao lao ddng
do cic ddng di chuyin lao ddng
tao ra.
Tdng cudng viic idm ndng thdn
vd thuc ddy qud tr)nh di chuyin lao
ddng
Chuyin djch lao ddng d i ^ vio
03 hudng : TCr ndng nghidp sang
khu vdc phi ndng nghidp; td
ndng thdn ra thinh thj; td khu
vuc phi chfnh thOfc sang ehfnh
tiiufc {tii cic vi^c lim dd bj tdn
thupng, ning suit thip sang cic
nhdm vide lim cd didu ki^n lao
ddng chit lUpng tdt hon). Ndng
thdn trong 10 nim tdi vSn l i


V) AN SINH XA Hdl
ngudn cung lao ddng cho cic
nganh phi ndng nghidp va khu
vUc thinh thi. Theo da bao, td^

nam 2020, t^ Id lao ddng trong
nong nghidp sd chidm dUdi 30%.
Bieu dd ddi hdi phii bio dim di!i
ngudn lac ve con ngUdi, vat chat,
ha ting cd sd ndng thdn, thuc
hien tdt cac chi'nh sich, chddng
tnnh phat tridn ndng nghidp,
ndng din, chfnh sich thj trudng
lao ddng linh hoat, hd trp tdt hdn
cho ngudi lao ddng.
Thuc day tdc dp chinh thdc
hoa cCia cac doanh nghiep la mdt
thach thde Idn ddi vdi viec lim
ben vifng gSn vdi An sinh x i hdi.
Trong bdi cinh hidn nay, can phil
coi phit triln doanh nghiep l i
ddng Ipc chinh de tao ra vide lim,
dac biet la vide lam cdng an
lUdng cd chit lupng trong khu
vUc kinh te chinh thdc khdng de
dang. Trong ngin han, can t i p
trung vio thio gd cic rao cin;
tidp c$n tin dung va dit dai phuc
vu sin xuit; trong didu kidn lao
ddng nd g^p nhieu khd khin,
khuydn khich cie nd doanh nhin
li didu quan trpng.
Lao ddng nQ' se tidp tuc ddi
mat vdi nhdng khd khan cda thj
trudng lao dpng, do chidm t^ 1^

Idn trong cae nginh thim dung
lao ddng - khu vac cd ning suit
lao ddng, tidn edng thip va thieu
an ninh. Do tip trung nhieu d cic
nginh cdng nghiep djnh hudng
xuat khau ndn lao ddng nd de bj
tdn thddng khi bit dn tren thj
trudng ngoii nddc gia ting. Cho
nen, ein thu hdt ngiy cing nhidu
lao ddng nd trong cie edng vide
lim cdng an lddng di hp tidp cin
tdt hdn cic chfnh sich ASXH.
Lao ddng nude ngoii sd tim
kidm ed hdi vide lim tai Vi^t Nam
v i lao ddng Vi^t Nam cung se ra
nudc ngoai lim vide. Do vay, mdt
chfnh sich thj trudng lao ddng
cin bio dim ky nang, tay nghd
cCia lao ddng Vidt Nam tren thj
trddng qudc ti. Ngoii ra, vide xiy
dung chfnh sich ddi vdi lao ddng
ngUdi nddc ngoii lim vi§c tai Vidt
Nam cOng se gdp phin bd sung

cic ky ning cdn thieu cCia thj
trddng lao ddng, tao dieu kidn
cho doanh nghiep thu hut dau ta,
tidp nhin cdng nghe sin xuat
hien dat.
Tdng nang su^t va ti'nh canh

tranh
Nhdng nim qua, Viet Nam
chd yeu dOa vio gii nhan cdng
taong ddi rd de phit triln mdt sd
nginh cdng nghidp thim dung
lao ddng va hddng tdi xuit khau
nha det may, giay da... Kjch ban
ting tradng kinh td nhanh vdi
muc tieu trd thinh nddc thu
nhip trung binh vio nam 2020
ddi hdi md hinh ting trudng kinh
te chuyen djch ldn bae cao hdn
cCia chudi gii trj thudc mang Iddi
sin xuat khu vac va toan eau trdn
Cd sd khai thic hidu qui ngudn
vdn, nang cao chat lddng ngudn
nhin Idc, thoit khdi "biy lao
ddng rd". Nang cao ning lUc eanh
tranh cua ndn kinh te, can phii
dpa tren vide tang nang suit lao
ddng; eii thidn chat lupng tang
trudng, lay nang suit, hidu qui
lim muc tidu, lay chuyen djch ca
ciu lao ddng td khu vuc cd nang
suit thap sang khu vUc cd nang
suat cao. Tidp tuc ddi mdi hdn
nda doanh nghiep nhi nddc.
Ning cao trinh dp, ky nang eua
lao ddng, die bidt l i ky nang
quin ly v i trinh dd ky thuit bic

cao, ddi hdi cae bidn phip ddng
bd de cii thidn chat lddng hd
thdng giio due v i die tao. Ddng
thdi, ting eddng lidn itet gida
ngddi sd dung lao ddng v i cd sd
dio tao nghe de dip dng tdt hdn
cic nganh, nghe mdi, vdi thdc
tidn cdng vlec va dng dung cdng
nghd mdi.
Phdt trlen thi trddng lao
ddng hidn tfai, tdng cUbng
qudn tri thj trUdmg laotfdng,hd
thtfng thdng tin tfl h6 trtf lao
tfdng di chuyen llnh ho^t hidu
qud
Tii Cd ciu kinh te theo ^nh
hddng thj trudng v i hdi nhip
kinh te qudc te tao ra nhidu cd

hdi vide lim. Cie chinh sich phii
ddpc didu hinh hidu qui de can
ddi gida tinh llnh hoat cua thj
trudng lao ddng va an ninh vide
lam cho ngddi lao ddng. Ngoai ra,
cii each kinh te da dat ra nhQng
thich thdc mdi cho doanh
nghiep v i ngddi lao dpng, ddi hdi
phii chu trpng hdn ddn phit
trien quan iid lao ddng, chi'nh
sich tien Iddng va giii quydt

tranh ehap lao ddng.
Vdi mdt nen kinh td chuyen
ddi, khudn khd phip ly va eac thd
ehe thj trddng lao ddng la nen
mdng cin bin li de tao ra mdi
trddng thuan lpi cho phit triln
kinh td, dau td nudc ngoai v i
nang cao nang Ipe canh tranh
qudc te. Can hoan thien phip
luat lao ddng, die biet l i quy djnh
vd hpp ddng lao ddng, thda Udc
iao ddng t i p thi, chfnh sich tien
laong v i tien lUdng tdi thilu.
ThCie day cic ed ehe ddi thoai
v i thUdng Idpng thdng qua he
thdng dai dien ngUdi lao ddng,
ngudi sd dung lao ddng v i cac
the ehe ba bdn tai cip dd nganh,
khu vdc, dja phddng, xiy dung
nhidu lo^i hinfi thda ddc lao ddng
tip the hidu qui.
Ting eddng khi nang tidp cin
dio tao nghd eho phu nd, thanh
nidn, kdt hpp vdi cie djch vu hd
trp tim kidm vi^c lam; xiy ddng
chUdng trinh vide lim cdng, vide
lim tam thdi cda ngUdi lao ddng
that nghidp hoie bj mitvi^c lam.
Ddng thdi, thidt lap hd thdng
thdng tin thj trudng lao ddng

linh manh de hd trp qui trinh ra
quyet djnh, eung cip thdng tin cd
chit Idpng, dang tin cay, cip nhit
vd nhu ciu ky ning v i dio tao
cda lue lUpng Iao ddng, cung nhU
cic ed hdi vide lim mdi cho ngddi
dang tim vide; hd trp cd hidu qui
lao ddng nghdo, lao ddng trong
khu vde kinh td phi chfnh thdc,
thanh nidn mdi gia nhap thj
trudng lao ddng, ngddi cao tudi,
ngUdi tin tit, lao ddng bj mSt
vi^c do cii cich kinh td v i chuyin
djch ed ciu; hd trp lao ddng di cd
trong nddc v i qudc td.l

-httpV/tapchibaohiamxahoi.gov.vn 33


TU V A N , GlAl £>AP CHE D d , CHfNH SACH BHXH, BHYT
Nguyen Thu Tra (Vinh Phijc): Bd tdi dd cd thdi dadng sdc phuc hdi sdc khde tCr 5 -10 ngdy trong
gian tham gia BHXH bdt bugc 32 ndm, thdng mdt nam; mde hddng bing 25% mde lUdng cd sd
12/2014, dan vi nai bdtdi cdng ttic gidi thi, khi dd bdndu nghl tai nhi, bing 40% mde Iddng cd sd nlu
tdi dugc 58,5 tudl, vl vdy dugc chdt sS BHXH di chd
nghl t i p trung; hd sd gidi quydt hudmg dadng sdc
du tudi gidi quyit chidd huu. Tuy nhiin, viia qua bd phuc hdi sdc khde l i danh sdch de nghj do ngadi
toi chdng may bi benh ngng qua ddi, chiia nhdn chisddung lao ddng lip. Nhuv$y,trudng hpp ngddi
dd g) tii BHXH. Vdy gia dinh tdi cd thidt/ac nhdn che
lao ddng tai chdc (dang cdng tic cd tham gia
dd tiJ tuaf tif thdi gian ddng BHXH khdng?

BHXH), do sdc khde cdn yeu chda di lim dupe
trong khoing thdi gian theo quy ^ n h thi dupe
tilp tpc nghl viec huifng chd dd dudng sdc phpc
Trdieri:
Theo quy cHnh Luat BHXH hidn hinh (Sidu 63, hdi sdc khde. Cdn ddl vdi trddng hc^ d i thdl vl^c,
Dieu 64, Didu 65, Didu 66,Didu 67), gia dinh chi se hidn t?i khdng cd quan hd lao ddng, phip luit v l
dugc hudng cic khoin trp cap sau: Ngadi lo mai BHXH khdng cd quy djnh hddng dan d l giii quydt
tingdupenhin trp cip mai ting bing 10 thing hddng chd dd dddng sdc phuc hdi sdc khde.
lUdng cd sd; thin nhan ddpc hddng trp cap tuat
TrSn Huy Long (Hd N6i): Tdi cdng tdc tgi mdt
hing thing hodc trp cip tuat mdt lln, cu the:
- Tnidng hop hddng trp cip tuSt hing thing: dan vi ddng trin dja bdn qudn Nam TCf Liim, cd thk
Ddpc tdi da 04 dinh su^ttuit ndu cd thin nhin l i BHYT ddng k^ khdm, chifa binh ban ddu tgi Binh
con (chda dii 15 tudi, chda du 18 tudi ndu cdn df\ viin Nam Thdng Long (Hd Ndi). VCfa qua, tdi bi binh
hoc, td dCi 15 tudi trd len neu bj suy giim khi gan vd chd ddng nhdp Binh vi$n Saint Paul diiu tri
ning lao ddng td 81 % trd len); vp td dd 55 tudi trd (trdi tuyin), thdi gian ndm vi$n 15 ngdy; khf ra viin
idn ho|ic dddi 55 tudi ndu bj suy glim khi ning tgi Gidy ra viin cd ghi Idi dgn cda bdc stcho phip d
lao ddng td 81% trd Idn; cha dd, me dd, cha vp, nhd diiu tri ngogi trd 07 ngdy, sau 07 ngdy tdi khdm
me vp, ngd^ khic m i bd chj cd tricli nhidm phii vd dugc cdp Gidy C65-HD cho nghl tUp 07 ngdy.
nudi dddng td dd 60 tudi trd ldn ddi vdi nam, 55 Vdy tdi cd dugc thanh todn chedd dm dau cho todn
tudi trd len ddi vdi nd hoac neu dddi 60 tudi ddi bd sd ngdy ngh! ngogi trO khdng? Viic nhdp vi$n
vdi nam, dddi 55 tudi ddi vdi nd v i bj suy giim trdi tuyin cd dnh hudng din vl4c thanh toiin mCfc
khi ning lao ddng td 81% trd Idn. Thin nhin l i hudng chid$ 6m dau khdng?
Vd, cha, me v i ngddi khic phii khdng cd thu
nhip hoac thu nhip hing thing nhung thip hdn
Trd ldi:
mde lddng cd sd. Mde trd cap bing 50% mde
Theo quy dinh tai Thdng tU sd 11/1999/mTIddng cd sd ddi vdl moi ^ a n nhin hoie 70% mde BYT-BHXH cua Bd Y td v i BHXH Viet Nam, co sd
Iddng cd sd ddl vdi thin nhan khdng cd ngddi khim, chda benh tuydn tinh trd Idn cho ngadi
nudi dudng trpe tilp.

bdnh nghl tdi da khdng qui 10 ngiy. TrUdng hpp
- Trddng hpp hddng trp cip tuit mdt lin: Neu sau thdi gian didu trj ngoai trd d tuydn huy$n,
bd chj khdng cd thin nhin hadng trp cip tuit tuyin tinh, neu ngddi bdnh chua khdi thi phil
hing thing theo cic trudng hpp ndu trdn, gia khim lai v i tiep tuc cho nghl thdm nhUng tdi da
dinh chi dd nghj hddng trp cip tuit m^t ISn. Mde khdng qui 10 ngdy, tdng sd thdi gian cho nghl
trp cap tuit m^t ISn trudng hc^ dang bio lUu chda bdnh ngoai tru nhilu nhat td 27 ngdy
thdl gian ddng BHXH, cd mdi nim tfnh bSng 1,5 (khdng k l thiA gian didu trj ngo^i trd t^l tuyin
thing mde binh quin tidn lucmg, tidn cdng thing xi). Hdt thdi han niy, bdnh vln chua khdi, phil
ddng BHXH, mde thip nhit bSng 03 thing.
dua vio didu trj ndi trd hodc chuyin tdi B^nh vidn
Dilu dadng - Phuc hdi chdc ning. Theo quy djnh
Trin Thu Hh (Hd N6I): Tdi 35 tudi, dd nghi viic cda Lu$t BHXH, sd ngdy nghl dm dau trong mdt
trudc khi sinh con, viia qua dugc gidi quyit hudng nam (khdng k l bdnh ddi ngdy) ddpc tfnh theo
chi dd thai sdn nghl 06 thdng. Tdi dugc biit chfnh thdi gian tham gia BHXH, mde thip nhit Id 30
sdch BHXH cd chi dd dUdng sCfc phuc hdi sdc khde
ngdy/nim. Vide thanh todn hddng BHXH chl dd
sau sinh, vdy tdi cd thidi nghj gidi quyit hi/dng chi dm dau Ididng p^u thudc vio vide khim, chCfa
dd ndy khdng?
bdnh dung tuydn hay trdi tuydn md phu thudc
vio chd dd nghl trong nim theo quy dinh ndu
trdn. Ddi cfiilu vdl trddng hpp dng Long, dCi dilu
Trd \iA:
Luit BHXH quy djnh, lao ddng nd sau thdi gian hddng c h l dd 6m dau ndu tfnh ddn thdi dilm bi
hadng chl dd thai sin khi sinh con theo quy ^nh, dm dng dang tham gia BHXH bit budcH
trong khoing thdi gian 60 ngiy tfnh td thdi diem
ThSXd Thi Thu HUAig (Ban ThUc hiin cMnh
trd lai lim vide m i sdc khde cdn yeu thi dapc nghl sdch BHXH, BHXH Viit Nam)

34 Tap chi BAO H I I M XA HOI ky 01 thAng 12/2015