HO TRO CONG DONG DOI V6l
CAC DAN TQC THIEU SO 6 'V^ET NAM
BUI NGQC HA "

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CO tf,.* c . ; . , „ „ c tap. lao dang, tham gia phdi triin sdn xuit. hba nhdp xd hdi Trong pham ui bdi

Td khda: Ngudn lUc: kg trd cong ddng: ddn ldc thie'u so.
Abstract: CdmmunUy support is an important acliuity towards improving the ouality of
o « . . c

Ufe of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Community support iLde

recognZ

and

cnnecting resources to help ethnic minorities to receiue education and promote produclin and sZ^
hy Ike Communist Party and the gouernment for ethnic communities in Vietnam nowddays
Keywords: Resource, community support, ethnic minority
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 10/612015:Ngdy duyit dang bdi: 0718/2015.
cdng^t;"""'^'"^''-^^"''-^
' r,.• , .

Cng dong 14 mpt tap hpp nhflng ngudi

, ^ ^ ^ "'^•^ * ^ ^ ^-^ * - . .om: Cdng
' ' ™ S ' ' * " = " tti" chinh; Cdng ddng sic tdc
trong mpt ddn vi h a n h chinh; Cdn ddn

song gan bd Vd. nhau thanh mdt xa hdi

ede ddng hp hoae eac nhdm hd...

dfla

nho

hinh th4nh tren ca sd mdt y thfl

cdng

0 nhflng diem tfldng ddng v l mat

V n hoa, kinh te, xa hdi, truyen thd'ng.

ddng chung. t thfle edng ddng- "14 y eh

Phong uc, tap quan; cd cae quan he trong

cua mdi thanh vien trong edng d d n g d m

thUdng CO ranh gioi khong gian trong mpt
* a vuc hanh chinh nha't dinh. "Cdng ddng

la t , p hpp nhflng ngfldi cd sfle bd'n cd ket

ddng. y thfle edng ddng dflac phan loa!
th4nh hai cap bac dd la tinh earn v a y e l cdng ddng trong gia dinh, thdng qua ca

V4
' 7 ' : " ^ ^ ' " ' " ^"' " " " " "
a quy tac h o , dpng, ung xfl chung dua
tren su dong thuan ve y chi, tinh cam,
nie'm tin v4 y thfle edng ddng, nha dd cdc

" " "-'" "' ' ™ ° ^ ^ - • " " " v / n . o 4 i X
hdi. Y thfle cdng ddng chung 14 sfl ddn
'
^

thanh vien cua cdng ddng cam t h i y cd su
1 ke't hp vdi cdng ddng v4 th4nh vien
khac trong cdng ddng"'^'.

a o f h ^ ^ x a S *"* ™°'' " " ^ ' " " ' ã"''' "ôô "
' Ph,m M n g Tung, C6ng dSng, khai niem, tifp cSn
v ^ h a n loai trong nghien d u . Tap chi ThdngTn
Khoa hoc xa hoi. str 12, 2009, tr.24.
'™"«'""

slg-zois
NHiN HfC KHOA H?C XAHOl

0



H 6 T R O CONG DONG DOI V6l CAC DAN T O C THIEU SO...
thuan ve y chi cua cac thanh vien trong
cong dong"'^'.
Cac loai hinh cong dong bao gom:

bang, dan chu, ki luat, giai quyet hdp h'
quan he ldi ich rieng va chung, quyen ldi
va nghia vu, ca nhan v6i xa hoi.

Cong dong thon (hien co khoang 50.000

Ho trd cong ddng la mot trong nhflng

thon thuoc 9.000 xa); Cong dong sic toe

hoat dong quan trong dUdc cac t6' chflc xa

(gom 54 dan toe); Cong dong ton giao;

hoi, cac nhom xa hoi, hay cac ca nhan thflc

Cong dong theo dong toe. Moi eong dong

hien thong qua t n e n khai cae giai phap cu

la mot nhom ngUcfi c6 nhQng diem chung

the nh&m nang cao nSng Ifle cong dong,


nhat dinh va ho nhan thiic difde nhQng

dac biet la cae eong dong yeu the, bi thiet

diem chung do. Mot cong dong dong nhat

thoi. Qua do gop phan de xuS't cac giai

la mot nhom ngifdi co nhflng mo'i quan

phap hoan thien chinh sach va nang Iflc

tam chung dQa tren tinh tUdng tU ve

dieu hanh theo hfldng hki hoa gifla cac the

nghe nghiep, van hoa, hieu biet, ton giao

che: Nha nfldc, thi trflcJng va xa hoi dan

hoac cae hoat dong giai tri.

sfl. Thong qua cac dfl an hd trd cong dong

Tren phUdng dien xa hgi, co the phan

da thuc diy vai tro cua xa hoi dan sU,

loai cac dS'u hieu cd ban nhat de nhan dien


nang cao tieng noi va sti g i n ket gifla xa

hay dinh nghia mot cong dong: "Cong

hoi dan sfl va Nha nudc, phue vu mot each

dong phai la tap hdp cua mot so dong

hieu qua cho qua trinh do'i thoai va hoan

ngUdi; mSi cong dong phai co mot ban sde/

thien chinh sach cua moi quo'c gia. Trong

ban the rieng; cac thanh vien trong cong

xu hfldng phat triin hien nay, nhieu midc

dong phai tii cam thay sQ g^n ket vdi cong

tren the gidi, trong do co Viet Nam, ho trd

dong va cac thanh vien khac eua cong

cong dong la mot trong nhflng nhiem vu

dong; CO nhieu yeu to tao nen ban sac va

hang dfiu trong chien lUde phat trien


silc ben g&n ket cong dong, nhUng quan

mang tam vi m6. Trong cae hoat dong ho

trong nhat chinh la su thong nhat ve y chi

trd cong dong, viec xac dinh nhom doi

va chia se ve tinh cam, tao nen y thiic

tfldng la v6 cung quan trong, do'i vdi mot

eong dong; m6i eong dong deu co nhflng

quoc gia CO nhieu thanh phan dan toe nhfl

tieu chi ngoai de nhan biet ve cong dong

nfldc ta hien nay, dSy la va'n de ca'p bach

va CO nhflng quy t^c che dinh hoat dong va

dUdc dat ra cho Nha nfldc va nha't la cac

flng xfl chung ciia cong dong"'^'.

tinh, thanh trong ca nfldc, ndi co nhieu

Tfl sfl phan tich ve eong dong nhfl tren


thanh phan dan toe sinh song.

eho phep dfla ra each hieu ve h6 trd cong

Moi cong dong deu e6 nhflng nguon Iflc

dong ehinh la: hoat dong giup dd l&n

nhat dinh d l phat trien. Nguon luc cong

nhau, tang cfldng tiidng trd doi vdi cong
dong tren cae linh vflc van hoa, tfl tfldng,
kmh te, xa hoi, dam bao cho mSi ngfldi co
dieu kien phat trien theo nguyen tdc cong
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hg)

Ferdinand Toennia Gemeinischaf und Gesellschaf,
Leipzig: Fues's Verlag, 1997, tr.2,3
"' Pham Hong Tung, Cong ddng, khdi niem, tiep c$n
va phan loai trong nghien ciht. Tap chi Thong tin
Khoa hoc xa hoi, so 12, 2009, tr.24.
Sif 9-2015


BOINGOC HA
ddng dupe the' hien tren eac khia canh cu
the nhu tren phuang dien nhiing dac

trung cu the tieu bieu nhU: ngudn lUc cdng
ddng nghe' nghiep (nhiJng nhdm ngudi
ciing 14m mpt nghe hoac ciing hen quan
tdi mpt nghe); ngudn lUc cdng ddng ao
(nhiing nhdm ngudi ciing tUdng tac thudng
xuyen vdi nhau thdng qua phUdng tien
truyin thdng cdng nghe cao, pho bie'n nhat
la Internet); ngudn lUc edng ddng toe
ngudi (nhdm ngudi cd chung ban sac van
hda, ngudn gde sic tde, ngdn ngfl, y phue,
su tUdng ddng ve phong tuc tap quan);
ngudn lue cdng ddng tdn giao (nhdm nguoi
gan kd't vdi nhau ehu ye'u dUa tren sU ed
Chung mdt niem tin tdn giao hay tin
ngudng); ngudn lue cdng ddng chinh tri
(nhdm nguoi cd chung ve y thiic he, dinh
hudng ehinh tri va ldi ieh chinh tri, chung
hinh vi chinh tri dua tren nhiSng muc tieu
chung hoac chia se nhiJng gia tri chung);
ngudn luc edng ddng kinh te (nhdm ngudi
cd Chung phUdng thiic san xua't v4 dieu
kidn san xua't, tap quan san xua't)"'.
Dd'i vdi Viet Nam hien nay, ve cd ban
ke't ca'u xa hdi vdn theo md hinh cdng ddng
14ng xa truyen thd'ng; ben canh dd, xua't
hien eac cdng ddng ndng thdn mdi, edng
dong thanh thi, cdng ddng cac dan tpc
thieu sd', edng ddng nghe nghiep, cdng
ddng tin ngudng, tdn giao... Trong do, cdng
ddng eac dan tdc thieu so' 14 nhdm ddi

tuong can duoc quan tam, hd trp.
2. Cac h o a t d o n g ho trd cong d d n g
do'i vdi d o n g bao cac d a n toe t h i e u so'6
nu*cfc ta
Ben canh nhfing ke't qua da dat dupc,

qua trinh phat trien kinh te' - x4 hdi vung
dan tpc thieu sd ciing hoc Id nhfing va'n de
can phai khac phuc. Tdc dp tang trudng
vung dan tdc thie'u sd' kha cao, song chua
viing ehae, ca ca'u kinh te' chuye'n dich
cham, mtte ehenh lech ve ddi sd'ng giiJa
ddng bao dau tpc thie'u sd va ngudi Kinh
cd xu hudng ng4y c4ng gia tang, sU tiep
c&n eua ngudi dan de'n cae dieh vu xa hdi
ed ban cdn nhieu han ehe'. Chinh vl vay,
hd trp edng ddng dd'i vdi ddng b4o cae dan
tdc thie'u sd d Viet Nam hien nay dupc
Dang va Nha nudc coi nhu chie'n lupc phat
trien kinh te' - xa hdi cua qud'e gia, dupe
the hien thdng qua cae hoat ddng, cu the:
Trong linh vitc chinh tri, xd hqi
Ho trp edng ddng cae dan tdc thie'u sd d
Viet Nam duac the hien thdng qua cac hoat
ddng hd tra v4 d^y manh thUe thi quyin
tham chinh cua ddng b4o cac dan tde.
Thue te nhiJng nam qua, ngUfli dan tpc
thieu so dupe tao dieu kien tham gia he
thd'ng chinh tri, quan ly xa hdi, quan ly
nha nudc. Ty le ngudi dan tdc thie'u so

tham chinh ng4y c4ng tang, sd lupng dai
bieu Qudc hdi la ngudi dan tdc thie'u sd
ludn ehiem ty le eao hdn so vdi ty le dan so.
Hien tai, nhieu dai bie'u 14 ngudi dan
tde thieu so giQ vi tri trong bp may lanh
dao cua Qud'e hpi va Chinh phii Viet Nam,
cu the': Dai bie'u Qudc hdi khda XI 14:
86/498 ngudi; Dai bieu Qudc hot khda XII
14: 87/493 ngudi. Ty le dai bie'u dan tpc it
ngudi tai Hdi ddng nhan dan cae cap cting
'" Phan, H6ng Tung, Cdng ddng. ihdi niem, tiip can
uaphan too, Irong nghien „ & , Tap cU Thong tin
Khoa hoc xa hoi, so 12, 2009, tr.24.28.
HHAN lire KHOA « ? C « H O l

g


HO TRO CONG DONG DPI Vdl CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO...
chiem ty le kha cao: 14% a ca'p tinh, thanh
phd; 17% cap huyen va 19% ca'p xa, phudng.
Tai cac dia phUdng mien mii, ty le do cao
hon nhieu. So lUdng can bp 14 ngudi dan
tdc it ngudi khdng ngiJng tang: chie'm tren
31% can bp xa d cac tinh Tay Nguyen"".
Theo ngudn tdng hpp cua Van phdng
Qud'e hpi, so heu td'ng quat ve cac ky b^u
ct( Qudc hdi, v£Ln de" tham chinh ciia cac
dan tpc thieu so dudc phan anh thdng qua
con so' cu the cac dai bieu la ngUdi dan toe

thieu so nhu sau:
Qud'e hdi khda X (1997 - 2002), bau cii
ngay 20-7-1997. Cd ca'u thanh phan dai
bieu dan toe thieu sd chiem 17,33%
(78/460 dai bieu).
Qudc hdi khda XI (2002 - 2007), bau cii
ngay 19-5-2002. Cd ca'u thanh phan dai
bieu dan tde thie'u sd ehid'm 17,27%
(86/498 dai bieu).
Qud'e hdi khda XII (2007 - 2011), bau eii
ng4y 20-5-2007. Cd c4'u thanh phan dai
bie'u dan tdc thieu sd ehiem 17,6% (87/493
dai bieu).
Qud'e hdi khda XIII (2011 - 2016), bau
e i ngay 22-5-2011. Cfl cau thanh p h i n dai
bieu dan tdc thie'u sd chie'm 15,6% (78/500
dai bieu)"''.
Trong nhfing nam gan day, viec tham
gia ehinh quyen ciia cac dan tde thieu sd
luon dupe Dang va Nh4 nude chii trpng,
dieu n4y dupc the Men qua so sanh dd'i
chieu gifia eac ky bau cil Dai bie'u Qud'e
hpi cac khda, sd lupng Dai bilu 14 ngudi
dan tdc thie'u so tham gia bp may cdng
quyen tudng ddi d'n dinh. BSu cil Dai bie'u
Qudc hdi khda XIII: thanh phSn Dai bie'u
B3

NHiN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI


14 nguoi dan tde thieu sd cd 78 nguai,
ehiem ti Ie 15,60%, chi it hdn 12 ngudi so
vdi du kie'n va giam 2,06% so vdi Qudc hpi
khoa XII; Ca ca'u thatih phan dai bilu Hdi
ddng nhan dan cap tinh: dai bie'u la ngudi
dan toe thieu sd ed 688 ngudi, dat ti le
18,0%; Cd ca'u thanh phan dai bieu Hpi
ddng nhan dSn ca'p huyen: dai bilu la
ngudi dan tde t h i l u so' ed 237 ngUfli, dat ti
le 20,10%; Co ca'u th4nh p h i n dai bie'u Hpi
ddng nhan dan ca'p xa: dai bieu 14 ngudi
d i n tdc thilu sd cd 62.383 ngudi, dat ti 18
22,46%".
Nhu vay cd t h i tha'y, van de ho tra cong
ddng tren phUOng dien chinh tri, phat
trien quyen tham gia chinh quyen ciia eac
dan toe thilu sd' ludn dupe Dang va Nha
nudc quan tam. Nha nudc ludn khdng
ngiaig cai thien, nang cao ea ve ddi sd'ng
vat cha't 14n tinh than cho ngudi dan tpc
thilu so', dam bao sU phat trien binh dang
gifia eac dan tdc, tao mpi dieu kien cho
ddng bao cae dan tpc thilu so'tham gia vao
cae cdng vide cila Nha nUdc. D l thuc hien
dupe yeu cau n4y, trong nhflng nam qua.

Ksor Phuiic - Bo truang, Chu nhiem UBDT (Nhi^m
ky 2002 den 2007), QuySn hinh ding v« chinh tij ciia
cong dan cac dan toe thilu ao, doi thoai true tuyfo
ngiy 29/06/2007, tieuon: cema.gou.un '

""^Tu lieu bSu cii Quoc hoi cac kh6a. So lif u tong qua
ve cac Ity biu cil Quoc hoi tii kh6a I den khda XIII;
http;//www.na.gov.vn/ht](/vietnaniese/cl454/defaultaB
p'Newid=8221#TTQKVqxMtn'C7.
"^ Phan Trung TuS'n, Chuyen vien Vu Chinh quy^n
dia phUdng, Bo Npi vu, Siu cd dai bieu Quoc hei khoA
XIII vk dai bieu Hoi dong nhan dan cac cft'p nhi^m ky
2011-2016 - Mot budc xay dung vk hoftn thi^n Nhft
nudc phap quyen xa hoi chii nghia Vi^t Nam,
/>d/296/language/ui-VN/B-u-c-d-i-bi.u-qu-c-h.i-khaa.
KlII.ua-d.i-bi-u-H-i-d-ng-nhan.dan-cac-c-p-nhi-m-lt.
201l-2016-M-l.b-c-xa.a3px.


BIJI NGOC HA
dudng Id'i, chinh sach, ed che de giai quye't eac dan tdc thieu so'.
vail de quyln cua cae dan tdc thilu so ludn
Dac biet, Chuong trinh 135 eila Chinh
dupe cu the hda trong phap lu4t. Phap phu ve phdt trien kinh te, xd hdi uung
luat da tao khudn khd mdi trudng phap ly sdu, uiing xa, vung dac biet khd khdn. Cd
thuan Iai eho hoat ddng san xuat, kinh the k l de'n cac chinh sach nhU: Chinh
doanh, dich vu phat huy mpi tiem nang, sdch vay vdn sdn xuat vdi hd ddn tdc
han che dupe cac mat tieu cue. Dam bao ve" thie'u sd dac biet khd khdn; Chinh sdch
kinh te d l tao dieu kien vat cha't td't nha't ndng mOc bdi dUOng cho ngudi lao ddng
ve quyen Ipi ehinh tri cho cae dan tpc Unh vitc dac thu, hd tra dan vi sti dung
thilu so. De cu t h i hoa van de nay, Nha lao ddng Id ngudi ddn tdc thie'u sd vung
nudc da ban hanh nhieu van ban luat nhU: khd khdn; Chinh sdch trd giup phdp ly
Bp luat Dan sU, Bd Iuat Lao ddng, Luat cho ngudi ngheo, ddng bdo ddn tdc thie'u
Diu tu, Luat Doanh nghiep, Luat ThUdng so tai cdc xd ngheo giai doan 2013
mai, Luat Khuyen khich dau tu trong 2020... Cae chinh sach hd trp cdng ddng

nudc... v4 lUu y de'n vait de d i u tu, dam phat trien kinh te', van hda, xa hpi ehinh
bao cd sd ha t i n g va vat cha't ky thuat cho 14 dieu kien de dam bao cho ddng b4o cac
cac dan tpc thilu sd'.
dan tdc thieu sd yen tam, tin tudng v4
Trong Unh uOc kinh te
day manh hfln nfia cae hoat ddng phat
Trudc het dd 14 viec dam bao cac quyen trien kinh te'tai dia phUflng.
kinh te cho ddng b4o cac dan tdc. Bdi "Cd
7>on^ Unh vUc gido due. an sinh xd hdi
sd vat cha't ciia mpt xa hpi giiip cho su vdn
Trong nhiing nam qua, vide xay dung
hanh cua bd may chinh quyen nh4 nude
cung nhu dam bao cho cac boat dpng ciia trudng hpc, phat triin giao due cho cong
cdng ddng xa hpi... chi khi n4o ddi sd'ng ddng dan tdc thie'u sd dupe Dang va Nh4
cua con ngudi duac cai thien, nang cao ca nude ra't quan tam. Khoan 2, Dieu 89, luat
ve vat chat l i n tinh t h i n , khi dd ngudi Giao due 2005 quy dinh: "Nha nudc ed
dan mdi cd dieu kien, cfl hpi de "14m" cac chlnh s4ch trp ca'p va mien giam hpc phi
viec khac"'". De dam bao nhQng dieu kien eho ngudi hpe la dd'i tupng dupe hudng
ve kinh te, Nha nude da t4p trung diu tu chinh sach xa hpi, ngudi dan tdc thieu sdd
vao viee xay dung, nang e4'p va ho4n thien viing cd dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi dac biet
cd sfl ha tang, kinh te' cho viing ddng bao khd khan, ngudi md cdi khdng nfli nUflng
cac dan tdc thieu so, ban h4nh eac quye't tUa, ngudi tan tat, khuyet tat cd khd khan
dinh: Quyet dinh 30/2012/QD-TTg ng4y 18 ve kinh te, ngudi cd ho4n canh kinh te dac
thang 7 nam 2012 cua Thii tudng Chinh biet khd khan vupt khd hpe t4p"»'.
phu v4 sd 42/QD-UB ng4y 23 thang 5 nam
1997 ciia liy ban dan tpc mien mii... ve
phat trien kinh te' xa hdi vung ddng b4o

"'Truong Van Dung (2013), Quyin ddn sU, chlnh In
lac dang U, phdtlnen con ngUdi nhin ,U gdc dd kinh


ills'.?i9"'''-""="^'*-'-«"^"»^*^
" Luat Giao due, Nxb. Giao due, Hft Noi, 2005
NHANLVC KHOA Hpc X A H ^ I

|g


H O T R O C Q N G DONG DPI VCil CAC DAN TOC T H i l u SO...
Dieu 4 Thdng tU lien tieh sd 20/2014/

ng4y 01/01/2014 quy dinh nhu sau: "Sinh

TTLT-BGDDT-BTC-BIDTBXH eua Bd Gido

vien la nguoi dan tde thieu sd' thudc hd

due ud Ddo tao • Bg Tdi chinh • Bg Lao

nghdo, hp can ngheo thi dd v4o d^i hpc,

ddng. thudng binh vd Xd hdi hudng d i n

eao dang he ehinh quy tai cae cd sd giao

thuc hien mpt so dilu ctia Nghi dinh so'

due dai hpe bao gdm: dai hpc, hpc vien,

49/2010/ND-CP ng4y 14.05.2010 etla Chinh


trudng dai hpc, trudng cao d i n g (khdng

phu quy dinh ve mien, giam hpc phi, hd

ap dung vdi sinh vien cii tuyIn, eac ddi

trfl chi plii hpe tap va cd ehe' thu, set dung

tUdng ehinh saeh dupe xet tuyIn, dao tao

hpe phi ddi vdi cd sd giao due thupc he

theo dia chi, dao tao lien thdng, van bing

thd'ng gido due qud'e dan tiif nam hpc 2010 -

hai, hpe dai hpc, eao d i n g sau khi hoan

2011 de'n n4m hpc 2014 - 2015 va Nghi

th4nh ehudng trtnh dU hi dai hpc) dupe hd

dinh sd 74/2013/ND-CP ngay 15.07.2013

trp ehi phi hpc t4p. Mfic hd trd ehi phi hpc

cUa Chinh phU siia dd'i, bd sung mdt sd

tap bang 60% miJe luong td'i t h i l u ehung


dieu eua Nghi dinh 49/2010/ND-CP quy

v4 dupe hudng khdng qua 10 thang/nam

dinh cac dd'i tupng duae miln hpc phi,
trong dd bao gdm:

hpe/sinh vien"''"'.

Hpc sinh, sinh vien hpc tai cac cd sd
giao due nghe nghiep va giao due dai hpc
la ngudi d4n tdc thieu so' thupc hp nghdo
va hp can nghdo. Chuan hd nghdo v4 hp
can ngheo dupe thue hien theo quy dinh
eila Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet theo
tttng thdi kji.

da'u de'n n4m 2015, dat ty Id can bd ngudi

Dang v4 Nh4 nudc chu trudng ph«h
dan tde thie'u sd' trong can bd, cdng chfic,
vien ehiie ca'p tinh 14 16%, cip huyen 14
27%, ca'p xa 14 66%; trdn 95% can bd, cdng
chiJe, vidn ehfie c4'p tinh huyen dudc dao
tao dat e h u i n ve ehuydn mdn nghidp vu,

85% can hp, edng chfic, vien chfic lanh dao
Hpc sinh, sinh vien nguoi dan tdc thie'u dupe bdi dudng kie'n thfle quan ly nh4
sdd viing ed dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi khd

nudc va IJ luan ehinh tri theo ngach v4
khan, bao gdm cae dan toe: La Hu, La Ha,
chile danh; 90% can bd chuyen trach, 95%
P4 Then, Lu, Ngai, Chfit, Ld Ld, Mang,
cdng chfle ehuyen mdn cap xa la ngudi dan
Cdng, Cd Lao, Bo Y, Si La, Pu Peo, Ko
tde thieu sd dupc dao tao, bdi dudng dat
Mam, BRau, 0 Du. Vdng cd dilu kien
chuin theo quy dinh.
kinh t l - xa hdi khd khan v4 dae biet khd
D4o tao ngudn can ho ngfldi dSn tpc
khan theo quy dinh tai eac v4n ban theo
thidu so' bao dam d i eac tidu ehuin bd tri
luat dinh.
vao eac ehflc danh lanh dao ehu ehd't d eac
Ddng thdi, Quyet dinh sd 66/2013/QDTTg cila Thu tudng Chinh phu quy dinh
chinh sach hd trp chi phi hpc tap dd'i vdi
sinh vien 14 nguai dan tpc t h i l u sd hpe tai
cac sd sd giao due dai hpc cd hieu lUe tti
[g

NHlN LVC KHOA HOC XAHOl

" Vu Thdy Trang, Ch« dj doi vdi hoc ainh, sinh vi6n
ngudi dan t^c thiiu so, truy cĐp ngfty 25/03/2015,
nguon; p-Iuat/
Che-do-doi-voi-hoc-8inh-BUlh.vienãnguoi^^aJl.toc-thieu- aoP08tl49416.gd.

nft-zns



B t n NGOC HA
c»p. Cd t h i tha'y ring, trong nhfing nam
qua, dpi ngu can bp cac dan tdc thie'u sd
da phat triin khdng ngiing, quyln tham
chinh cua eac dan tpc t h i l u sd' cQng ludn
dUdc dam bao. De'n nay dpi ngu can bp 14
ngudi dan tpc thie'u so' da cd 126 ngudi cd
trinh dp tren dai hpe: 11.471 ngudi cd
trinh dp dai hpe, eao dang; 72.642 ngudi
cd trinh dp trung hpc chuydn nghiep;
60.000 cdng nhan ky thuat. Dpi ngii nay
dam nhiem cac edng tae lanh dao, quan
ly, chuyen mdn nghiep vu tfi cd sd den
Trung Udng. Rieng can bp lanh dao ngudi
dan tdc cd bude trudng thanh kha ro net.
Chang ban, trong 170 Uy vien ban cha'p
hanh Trung Uflng Dang khoa VIII ed 16
ddng chi 14 ngudi dan tpc, chiem 8,82%;
trong sd 160 bi thu va phd bi thu tinh,
thanh uy ca nUde nhiem ky 1996 - 2000
cd 19 ddng chi 14 ngudi dan tpc thilu so',
chiem 11,87%, trong dd cd 9 ddng chi la
Bl thu tinh uy... Dd la thanh tUu ra't dang
tu hao cua Dang, Nha nudc v4 nhan dan
cac dan tdc'"'.

h4nh ddng n h i m tang cfldng quan he xa
hdi cila ddng b4o cac dan tdc thilu sd d
nfldc ta v4 cdng ddng. Vi du, mpt benh

nhan cd xu hudng bi tach rdi khdi xa hdi
(nhu nhiing nguoi gia ca, tan tat, mdi hi
goa vp hoac chdng, ly hdn...) ed t h i dfldc
dfla vao cae chfldng trinh hoac td chfic
cdng ddng de tang eudng tiep xue vdi xa
hdi d vung ddng b4o eac dan tdc thilu so'.
Cdc ngudn lUc ve ho trp cdng ddng trong
Hnh vuc nay bao gdm: cae dieh vu, eac ea
quan Nha nude v4 cae nhdm ho trd xa hpi
ed kha nang giiip dd eho cac thanh vien eua
cdng ddng cae dan tde thilu so'; Chi'nh saeh
ho trp edng ddng trong linh vUc y te ddi vdi
ddng bao dan tdc thilu so' dflpc ban hanh
nhfl: Dilu 16, Nghi dinh 05/2011/ND-CP
cua Chinh phu ngay 14/1/2011 ve edng tac
dan tdc quy dinh:
1- Dam bao ddng b4o eac dan tde thilu
sd dflpe sil dung c4c dich vu y te; thuc hien
chuong trinh cham sde sfic khde, bao hiem
y te cho ddng bao dan tde thilu sd theo
quy dinh cila phdp luat.

Trong linh uUc y te'
2- Tap trung xay dung, cung cd, md
Ho trp cdng ddng ddi vdi ddng bao cac rpng Cd sd y t l , kham chfia benh; bao dam
d4n tpc thilu so' d nUde ta hien nay trong thudc phdng va chfia benh cho ddng bao
linh vfle y te bao gdm: viec nhan biet dupc cac dan tdc d vung cd dieu kien kinh te' phan flng khac nhau cila ddng bao ddi vdi xa hdi khd khan va dae biet khd khan.
cae thanh tflu khoa hpe ky thuat y te hien
3- Hd trp viec bao tdn, khai thac, sfl
dai; viee tang cfldng cac hd trd y td' ddi vdi

dung nhfing bai thuo'c dan gian va phudng
tiing ca t h i ; ky nang dfldng d i u vdi cac
phap chfla benh cd truyen ed gia tri cila
thach thflc v4 cac kha nang thich flng vdi
ddng b4o cac dan tpc da dudc co quan nha
mdi trfldng xa hpi mdi... Su hd trd eila
nude cd tha'm quyen edng nhan.
edng ddng ddi vdi benh nhan ngfldi dan
tdc thieu so' la chi ra nhfing Ipi ich eua hd
trp xa hdi ddi vdi sfic khoe v4 dUa ra cac

pwTp^!^*!'"'"-™""''-""""'"""'""'

Sd>-20IS
NHAN LVC KHOA Hge XiHOl [ j j


H 6 T R O CONG DONG DPI V6l CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO.
4- Bao dam nang cao c h i t lupng dan so',
phat triin dan so' hpp ly cila tiing dan tde
theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
5- Day manh sU nghiep xa hpi hda y te,
thuc hien chinh sach Uu tien ddi vdi cac td
chfic, ca nhan tham gia vao cac boat ddng
diu tu, phat trien y te d vung dan tdc
thieu sd^'^'.

cac dan tdc ed dflpe ca hdi hpe tap, lap
ddng, tham gia phat trien san xua't, hda
nhap xa hpi. Su xuat hien ngay c4ng

nhieu cac du an, cae to' ehflc v4 nhdm ca
nhan cung vdi nhiing ehinh sach quan
tam hd trd edng ddng eua Dang v4 Nh4
nudc ta hien nay tren mpi Hnh vfle kinh
td, van hda, giao due, y te, an sinh xa hpi

Dae biet, tai Khoan 14, Dilu 12; Diem ddng vai trd tich cue trong cac hoat ddng
d, Khoan 1, Dilu 13 Luat Bao hilm y te' cua cdng ddng gdp p h i n nSng cao nh4n
quy dinh, "ngudi thude hd gia dinh nghdo; thfic eila edng ddng cae dan tpc thie'u sd'd
ngudi dan tde thilu sd dang sinh sd'ng tai
nudc ta v l y thfle v4 t n n h dp dan tri cung
vung ed dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi khd
nhfl cha't lUdng cudc sdng.
khan, dac biet khd khan dupe Nh4 nflde
cap ngan sach d l mua the bao hiem y te".
TAI L I E U THAM KHAO
Chi'nh sach kham, chfia benh bao hilm y
1. Truong v a n Dung, "Quyln dan sU,
te (BHYT) cho ddi tupng n4y 14 mpt trong
chinh tri tae dpng tdi phat triin con ngudi
nhfing chi'nh saeh an sinh xa hdi quan nhin tfl gdc dp kmh te, chinh tri, xa hdi", Tap
trpng ciia Dang v4 1*4 nUde n h i m dap ehi Nghien citu Con ngudi, sol (64), 2013.
flng nhu cau cham sde, bao ve va nang eao
2. Pham Hdng Tung (2008), Vdn hda,
sfle khde eua nhan dan cae dan toe thieu chinh tri vd lich sd: dadi gdc nhin vdn hda
sd a nhflng vung khd kh4n khdng cd the chinh tri. Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi.
BHYT khi khdng may bi dm dau, benh tat
3. Pham Hdng Tung, "Cong ddng, khai
dai ngay, dilu tri d eac ed sd kham, chfia niem, tid'p can v4 phan loai trong nghien
bpnh, phai tu thanh toan ta't ca cae dich cfiu"; Tgp chi Thdng tin Khoa hge xd hdi,

vu kham chfia benh, nen khd khan lai sd 12, 2009.
e4ng khd khan hfln. Vi vay, ehinh saeh elp
4. Luat giao due, Nxb. Giao due, H4
the BHYT cho ngudi dan tpc thieu so d Npi, 2005.
nudc ta hien nay cd y nghia rat to Idn
6. Alision M, MobiHzing Assets for
trong viec cham sde sfic khde cho nhan Community Driven Development, Coady
dan, dam bao an sinh xa hdi.
International Institute, St. Francis Xavier
University, Antigonish - Nova Scotia, 2006.
3. Ket luan
Hd trp cpng ddng ddi vdi ddng b4o cac

6. Ferdinand Toennis Gememischaf und
Gesellschaf, Leipzig: Fues's Verlag, 1997.

dan tde thieu sod nude ta hien nay la mpt
trong nhfing nhidm vu quan trpng n h i m
dam bao cd hpi phat trie'n v4 binh d i n g
dan tdc ve dieu kien sd'ng, gifip ddng b4o
EQ

NHiNLVC KHOA HOC XAHOI

' ' I)y ban dan toe. Chinh aach y t« vft dSn ,d do! vdi
dong bfto dan toe thilu nS, truy cftp ngfty 25/03/2015
nguon: />-va-dan-so-doi-voi-dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-ao
20110331102312031. htm.

ifrzns