Vai tro cua cac ben lien quan d6i vol tiln trinh
xay dgng Luat vl hoi d Viet Nam
Nhac Phan Linh'
' Hoc vi|n Bio chi va Tuyen truyin.
Email:
Nh|in ngiy 11 thing 8 nim 2017. Chap nhin dSng ngiy 13 thing 9 nim 2017.
Tom tat: Cd hai nhdm td chuc khd quan tam va cd tdc dSng manh din tiln trinh Lugt vl
hdi CLVH) d Viet Nam gdm: nhdm cae ca quan Dang vd Nha nude (Dang, Qudc hgi,
Chinh phii); nhdm cdc td chiic doan thi (6 td chirc doan thi chinh trj - xa hgi, 28 hgi dgc
thu vd cdc hdi nghe nghiep). Ngogi trir mdt sd td chiic chuyen v l vdn ddng chinh sach nhu
Oxfam (mdt lien minh qudc te cua 17 td chiic lam viee tai 94 qudc gia tren toan thi gidi dl
tun gidi phdp lau dai cho ngheo ddi va bdt cdng) hay PPWG (nhdm cac td chirc vdn dgng
vi su tham gia cua cdng ddn), phdn Idn ede t l ehiic phi chinh phu (NGO), ede ddi tdc phdt
trien (DPs), nhdm cac hgi khdng cd tu each phdp nhdn, cdc td chiic dua vao eOng ddng
(CBO), ngudi dan va cac dien dan ca nhan d Viet Nam Igi it quan tam, it cd tae ddng din
tign trinh LVH. Nhdm cudi cimg dugc xac dinh lign quan din LVH Id nhom bao chi, nhdm
nay cd vai trd tae dgng manh nhung lai td ra it quan tdm.
Tir khoa: Luat ve hOi, cac ben lien quan, Viet Nam.
Phan loai ngdnh: Xd hgi hgc
Abstract: There are two groups of organisations that are interested in and have strong influence on
the Law on Associations in Vietnam, namely that of the Party and State agencies, including the
Party, National Assembly and the Government; and that of mass organisations, including 6 sociopolitical organisations, 28 specialised societies and professional associations. Except for a number
of policy advocacy organisations such as the Oxfam, which is an intemational coalition of 17
organisations working in 94 countries around the world seeking long-term solutions to poverty and
injustice, or the People's Participation Working Group (PPWG), most non-governmental
organisations, development partners, associations without a legal entity status, community-based
organisations, the people and forums of individual opnions in Vietnam are less interested and exert
less impact on the process of the law. The last group defined as related to the law is the press,
which would have a sUong impact but has not shown much interest.
Keywords: Law on Associations, stakeholders, Vietnam.
Subject classification: Sociology

59


Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 10 - 2017
1. Dat van de
Quyln Igp hdi eiia cong ddn da dugc ghi
nhgn rdt id tiong cdc bdn Hiln phdp ciia
Viet Nam. Ndm 2005, Bg Luat Dan su da
xac dinh eo sd cho vige thira nhdn cac td
chiic xa hOi dan sg, trong dd bao gom; td
chiic chmh tri - xa hgi, td chiic chinh tri xa
hgi - nghi nghipp, t l chiic xa hgi, td ehiic
xd hgi - nghe nghiep, qu? xa hgi, quy tir
thipn [7]. Theo do, cdc to chiic ddn su hoat
ddng d Vigt Nam co ba dang: cdc to chiic
phi chinh phu hogt dgng U-ong liiih vgc
khoa hgc cdng nghg (theo Nghi dinh
8I/2002/ND-CP, chii ylu dudi su bao tiro
ciia VUSTA) [4], cac hgi (theo Nghi dinh
45/20I0/ND-CP) [5], vd cdc qu? xd hgi,
qu? tir thipn (tiieo Nghi dinh 30/2012/NDCP) [6]. Hiln phdp 2013 quy dinh vg quyln
Idp hOi cda cdng ddn tai Digu 25: "Cdng
dan cd quyen tg do ngdn lugn, tg do bdo
chi, tilp c$n thdng tin, hOi hgp, l^p hOi, bilu
tmh". Quy dinh do cua Hiln phdp cdn dugc
cu thi hoa thdnh LVH. Bai vilt nay phan
tich vai tr6 cda mOt sd td chiic ti-ong tiln
trinh xay dung LVH (ggi tdt Id tiln trinh
LVH) d Viet Nam.


2. Vai trd cua cac cff quan Dang vd Nha
nirdc doi vdi tien trinh Lu^t v^ hyi

Theo chit truong ciia Ddng ta, hgi Igp ra
phai xudt phat tii nhu cdu chinh dang ciia
quan chiing nhdn ddn, theo nguyen tdc
chung: tg nguypn, tg qudn, tg trang trai vl
kinh phi, da dgng hod logi hinh, dap ung
nhu cau, nguygn vgng chinh dang cua h6i
vien; dodn ket, tap hgp hdi vien, bdo vp
quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp, chinh ddng cua tl
chirc hdi, hgi vign vd cdng ddng [I]. Tii tuih
thdn trgn, cimg vdi viec thira nhdn ve quyln
hgi hgp, quyln Idp hOi ciia cdng dan qua
Hign phdp 2013, cd thi cho rdng co quan
Ddng thugc nhdm cd tdc dgng manh nhat
den tien trinh LVH.
Quoc hgi la co quan dai bilu cao nhdt
cua nhan dan, ca quan quygn Igc nha nude
cao nhdt cda nude Cdng hod xa hgi ehii
nghia Vipt Nam, thgc hien quyen Igp hien,
quyen Idp phdp, quygt dinh cdc vdn dg quan
trgng ciia ddt nude va gidm sdt tdi cao doi
vdi hoat ddng cua Nhd nude [12]. QuIe hpi
cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng trong tign
trinh xay dgng LVH, la co quan tien hanh
xem x^t va thdng qua dg thao LVH.
Khi Chinh phd xin lui chuong trinh ban
luan LVH sang cdc k^' hgp sau, Quoc hOi

khdng ddng y va yeu cau giii diing lich
trinh ban LVH vao ky hgp thu X thang 10
ndm 2015. Yeu cau nay ciia Qudc hdi ddng
vai tid tivc tilp thiic ddy Bg NOi vg (co
quan chuygn mdn dudi sg chi dgo ciia
Chinh phii) dua ra bdn Dg thdo LVH ngay
trong nhOng ngdy ddu thdng 6/2015. Dy
thdo dg kien se dugc trinh Uy ban Thudng
vg Qudc hgi cho y kien tai phien hgp thii 40
vdo thdng 8/2015 [14]. Tuy nhign, trong
phien hgp dau tign ciia Qudc hdi khoa XTV
(8/2015), LVH van chua dugc dua ra thdo
luEin theo nhu du kien.

Dilu 4 Hiln phdp Vipt Nam 2013 xdc dinh.
Dang COng san la Igc lugng Idnh dao ciia
Nhd nude va xa hOi. Quan dilm cua Ddng
ve quyln hSi hgp, quyen Igp hOi ciia cdng
dan dd phan nao dugc the hipn rS trong
Hiln phdp 2013 thdng qua Dilu 25. Vai trd
ciia cdc CO quan Dang ti-ong tiln tiinh LVH
Nhu vay, thdi digm ndy, Qudc hgi Vi?t
la rat quan ggng. Dilu ndy Id hgp ly vdi thi Nam cd thg eoi la dliu tau quan trgng nhat,
che chinh tri d Vi?t Nam.
cd tinh thdn va thai dg tich cgc nhat cho
60


Nhac Phan Linh
tign trinh LVH. Vd trong pham vi quyen

hgn cda minh, Quoc hdi sg la co quan tdc
dgng Idn nhdt din viec cd thdng qua LVH
hay khdng.
Chinh phd vdi vai trd Id co quan hdnh
phdp, CO quan chdp hanh eua Qudc hOi [12]
chiu trdch nhi?m trinh du dn Lugt Ign Quoc
hgi. Ddi vdi du an LVH, Bd NOi vg la don
vi chiu trach nhigm sogn thao va Bg Tu
phdp chiu trdch nhigm thdm dinh dg thao.
Bg Ngi vu, Vg Td chirc Phi chinh phii la
don vi thgc hien chiic nang tham muu trong
vi?c quan ly nha nude v l linh vuc hgi, quj
xa hgi, quy tir thien va td chuc phi chinh
phu; chiu trdch nhigm soan thdo LVH [2].
Td cudi nam 2005, Bd Ngi vg da soan thdo,
cdng bd, lay y kign cho ban Du thdo thir 8
LVH. Tuy nhien, tien trinh nay sau dd gan
nhu bi "lang quen". Ddu thdng 6/2015, dudi
"dp luc" ma Qudc hOi ddt ra, Bd Ndi vu
mdi chinh thdc gidi thieu Du thao LVH lan
8 de lay y kien gdp y. Thdi gjan mdi ddng
gop y kiln la tir 09/6/2015 din 04/8/2015,
khodng thdi gian ngdn hem so vdi thdi gian
yeu cdu ddng tdi todn vdn du thao trgn
Trang thdng tin dign tu cua Chinh phu hodc
cua eo quan chu tri soan thdo Id sdu muoi
ngdy [10]. Nhu vgy, vdi vai tid tham muu,
xay dgng dg thao, tilp thu cac gdp y vd
chinh ly cac ngi dung dg thao trudc khi
trinh Qudc hOi, Bg Ngi vu cd vai trd rat Idn

trong tien trinh LVH. Tuy nhien, vi^c
Chinh phd xin Qudc hdi lign tuc liii du thao
(qua nhilu khda, nhilu ky hgp vdi ly do
chua chudn bi kf ngi dung) cho thdy sg
chua tich cgc cua Bg NOi vg. BO Ngi vu td
ra khdng "mdn md" vdi LVH.
BO Tu phap cd trdch nhi^m th4m dinh du
dn lugt, phap lenh, du thdo nglu quylt trudc
khi trinh Chinh phu O^ilu 36). Ngi dung
thdm dinh tgp trung vdo cdc vdn dl: (i) su
cdn thilt ban hdnh van ban, dii tugng.

pham vi dilu chinh cua dg thdo van bdn;
(ii) sg phii hgp ciia nOi dung du thdo vdn
ban vdi dudng Idi, chu trucmg, chinh sach
cua Ddng; (iii) tinh hgp hien, hgp phdp vd
tinh thdng nhdt cua dg thdo van ban vdi he
thdng phap ludt vd tinh tuong thich vdi dieu
udc qudc te cd lign quan ma Vi?t Nam la
thdnh vign; (iv) tinh kha thi cua dg thdo van
bdn, bao gim sg phu hgp giiia quy dinh cda
dg thdo van bdn vdi ygu cdu thgc tg, trinh
dg phdt trien cua xa hOi va digu kien bao
ddm de thuc hign; (v) ngdn ngit, ky thuat
soan thdo van ban. Dii vdi dg dn LVH, Vg
Hdnh chinh - Hinh sg Id don vi chiu trach
nhiem thdm dinh dg thao.
Ngay sau khi dg thao 2015 dugc cdng bd
va lay y kign, BO Tu phap da cd mgt dOng
thdi khd tieh cue khi cd van bdn phdn hdi

nhat tri vdi sg cdn thilt ban hanh LVH,
trong do nhdn manh vao viee cu the hda
Hien phap 2013. Trong vdn bdji dd cd vilt:
"Hign phdp 2013 quy dinh cdng dan cd
quyln Idp hgi (Dilu 25). Vdi mgc tieu phdt
huy nhdn td con ngudi, thg hign sdu sac
tiach nhi?m cua Nha nude trong vi?c ton
tigng, bao vg vd bdo ddm quygn con ngudi,
quygn cdng dan theo tinh than vdn kien ciia
Dang, Hien phdp da quy dinh "cdc quyln
con ngudi, quyen cdng ddn... dugc cdng
nhgn, tdn trgng, bao v$, bao dam theo Hiln
phdp vd phdp ludt" va khdng dinh nhihig
quyln nay "chi cd the bj hgn che theo quy
dinh cua lugt trong trudng hgp can thilt vi
ly do qudc phdng, an ninh qudc gia, ti^it tu,
an todn xd hgi, dao diic xa hgi, siic khde
cda cOng ddng" (Dieu 14). Do dd, mOt sd
quyen quan trgng cua cdng dan cdn dugc
sdm ban hdnh luat de bdo dam thuc thi,
trong dd cd LVH". Nhu vdy, vl co ban,
vi^c ung hd LVH cua BO Tu phap la kha
rd rang.

61


Khoa hgc xa hpi Vi^t Nam, so 10 - 2017
3. Vai tro cua cdc t l c h i ^ doan the doi
voi tiln trinh LuSt ve h^i

Cdc td chiic chinh tri - xa hpi jd nhdm td
chiic xd hgi ddc biOt. Tuy cac td chirc ndy
dugc thdnh Igp vd hogt dpng tign nguygn
tdc tg nguyen, nhung co chi, bd mdy, hogt
dOng eua cdc to chiic d6 hoan todn ndm
dudi su td chiic vd dgi dign trac tilp cua
Dang Cgng san Viet Nam. Cac td chiic nay
cd thi dugc eoi nhu mOt hg thong cdc co
quan nha nude vdi chg dfi ngdn sach vd cdc
uu dai chinh sach cho can bO cdng chiic.
Trgn thuc te, sg quan tam cua nhdm ddi
tugng ndy din LVH d mire dO thdp. Dilu
do CO the mOt phdn do hien nay Nhd nude
da ban hanh mOt so lugt ddnh rieng cho cdc
to chiic nay nhu Ludt Mgt trgn Td qudc Vigt
Nam (ban hdnh Isin dau ndm 1999), Luat
Cdng doan (2012). Nhigu ngudi cho rdng
do cdc t l chiic chinh tri - xd hOi cd ddc thu
khac vdi cac t l chiic hgi nhom khac nen
khdng thgc su quan tam dgn LVH.
Cdc hgi ddc thu (to chdc chinh trj - xa
hOi - nghi nghigp) hoat dOng theo Quylt
dinh si 68/2010/QD-TTg ciia Thii hrdng
Chinh phu ngdy 01/11/2010. Dd la Lien
higp cac HOi Khoa hgc vd Ky thu$t Vigt
Nam (VUSTA), Lien higp cac td chiic hftu
nghi Vigt Nam (VUFO), Phdng Thuong
mgi vd Cdng nghiep Vigt Nam (VCCI), HOi
Nhd bdo Viet Nam (VJA), Lien minh hgp
tdc xd Vigt Nam, Hgi ChG thap dd ViOt

Nam, v.v,. MOt trong nhihig tigu chi dg
dugc xIp vao loai hdi d^c thii nay Id dugc
Nha nude ho trg v l kinh phi, hogt dgng
tiudc khi Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/ND-CP cua
Chinh phii ban hanh ngdy 21/4/2010 quy
dinh ve to chiic, hoat dOng va qudn l;y^ hgi
c6 higu Igc.
Khdc vdi cac td chuc chinh tri - xd hOi
dugc bao cdp toan bO, cac hgi ddc thii dugc
62

nhd nude bao cap mOt phan (chil ylu vl co
sd v$t chat, tien luong cho mOt s6 vi tri lanh
dgo chu chdt). Tuy nhien, dilu nay dugc
moi dia phuong thgc hign khdc nhau vd gdy
ngn nhfeig khdc mac trong ehinh nhom hgi
nay. Bgn eanh dd, tinh trang khdng cimg
tinh chat giua hgi "mg" vd hOi thanh vi6n
cung Id mOt v ^ dl phiic tgp. Lien hi^p cac
HOi Vdn hgc va Nghg thugt la hgi ddc thii
nhung cdc hOi bgn trong lgi khdng phdi Id
ddc thd. Cdc hOi bgn trong lai Id don vi true
tiep tgo ra sdn phdm. Mpt vi dg khae Id vi
tri cua cdc to chuc hihi nghi cdn yeu vi
chua cd dilu 10 thing nhdt tir trung uong.
Nhu v^y, mgc dd chi diing sau cdc to
ehiic ehinh tri - xa hOi ve quyen lgi dugc
bao cap, nhung ngay chinh ban than giua
cdc hgi dgc thii ciing nay sinh nhieu sg phiic
tgp, ddi hdi khac nhau. Dieu nay, lgi lam

phiic tap thgm cho dg thdo LVH. Vi^c quy
dinh miic dg "bao cap" giiia cac cap dg hgi
la rdt phiie tgp; vige dap ling vd lam thoa
mdn nguyOn vgng eua cdc hOi d tat ca cac
dia phuong lai cdng nan giai vdi mgt bO ludt
mang tinh chat khung phdp ly nhu LVH.
Do nhu c^u chu ylu lign quan din su bao
cap cua Nha nude nen cac hOi ddc thii quan
tam dgc bigt den LVH. Tuy nhign, tam anh
hudng vd vju trd chfnh tri cua nhdm nay
khdng dugc dl cao; cdc t l chiic nay ciing
chua thi hign miic dO quan tam doi vdi LVH
mgt each rd n^t va chua tdc dpng manh me
din vige xdy dgng va ban hanh LVH.
Trong nhdm nay cd t l chdc VUSTA, to
ehiic nay hogt dOng tich cue, higu qud, tap
hgp nhigu hOi thdnh vign tren ca nude,
so vdi cac to chiic khdc thugc nhdm doi
tugng ndy.
Cac td chiic xa hgi - nghi nghigp hign
ddng mOt vai trd tich cgc tiong vige lien ket
nhOng ca nhdn co ciing chuyen mdn, linh
vuc hoat dOng. Ddc bigt sau khi Vigt Nam
tham gia vao cac lien minh, td chuc mang


Nh^c Phan Linh
thih khu vgc va toan cdu (nhu ASEAN, Td
chiic Thuong mgi thi gidi (WTO)), cac td
chiic xa hgi - nghe nghiep ngay cang phat

huy vai trd quan trgng, dac biet gong cdc
van de phap Iy qudc tl. Sau khi gia nhap
WTO, vai trd eiia hgi nghe nghigp duge
nang cao rd ret trong dam phdn thuong mai
do Nhd nude khdng thi trgc tiep tham gia
eac cam kgt qudc te. Vi du, trudc nam
2013, khung hoang nganh ca tra diln ra d
khu vuc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long. Nhu
cdu vuc day nganh nay dan dgn sg ra ddi
cua Higp hOi ca tra Viet Nam. Den nam
2015, Higp hOi da sang My trao ddi vdi cac
chuygn gia luat cua My de xuc tiln thi
trudng My, Trung Qudc. Bgn canh do, cdc
nghi dinh mdi nhat cua Chinh phit da dgt ra
nhigm vu thir nghiem mOt hiep hgi tham gia
quan tri chdt lugng nganh hang. Dieu nay
da tao ra tiing ndi cua cdc nganh hang sat
thuc hon, hieu qua hon. Idem sodt cdc thdnh
vign tdt hon. Do phdn Ion td chirc nhdm nay
dgc lap vdi Nha nude, Igi chiu su dieu
chinh trgc tilp cua cac van ban dudi lugt
hign hanh, nen nhu cau va su ung hg doi vdi
LVH cua nhdm nay la khd cao. Mac dii vdy,
cac td chdc nay chua the hign mOt each rd
rdng mdi quan tam cua hg den LVH tren
cac phuong tien truygn thdng dai ehiing.
Cdc td chdc ndy neu the hien quan diem ro
rdng hon thi co thi tae dgng ddi vdi LVH se
dugc ti'ch cgc hon.


4. Vai tro cua cac t l chdrc xa hgi doi vdi
tiln trinh Lugt v l hOi
Cac td chuc phi chinh phu (nhom td chdc
phi chuih phii tai ViOt Nam (VNGO) vd
nhdm td chdc phi chinh phu qudc tg
(INGO) trai ddi va bao phu tien mgi ITnh
vgc cua eudc sdng, tir van dgng chinh sach,
thuc ddy thuong mgi, den ho trg gido due.

dao tao, tdng cudng an sinh xa hOi, ciiu trg,
thien nguygn, v.v.. Cdc VNGO vd INGO co
sg phdi hgp va trao ddi kha linh hoat, tgo
thanh nhilu mgng ludi lien kit nham hudng
din tang cudng ngudn Igc va thiic day cho
tinh ben vimg cua cdc chuong trinh phdt
triln ma hg tham gia. Nhdm ndy hoan toan
dOc Idp vdi Nhd nude, nhung vdn cd su
rdng budc trong qua trinh dang ky hogt
dOng vdi cac co quan hdnh phdp (nhu Bg
NOi vg, BO Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe, cae bO
ngdnh khac thuOc Chinh phu).
Cung gidng nhu cac td chiic xa hgi nghg nghigp, cdc NGO deu cd ITnh vgc
chuyen mdn rieng nen van cdn sg phdi hgp
lign kit vdi cdc eo quan chuygn mdn quan
ly nha nude ve ITnh vgc do. Tuy nhien, co
che phdi hgp, tiao ddi vd bao cao con chua
thuan lgi. Cae td chiic ndy hodn toan phu
hgp de dua vao pham vi dieu chinh vd ddi
tugng dp dgng ciia LVH bdi tinh phi chinh
tri va "tu nhan hda" rdt rd. Dieu nay con

lam can bdng trudc nhung ddi hdi ve mat
phap chi trong khudn khd phdp luat Viet
Nam vdi nhimg khu6n mau gia tri minh
bgch, cap tiln cda cdc NGO.
Nhom cac t l chiic VNGO va INGO
dugc xem la nhdm cd miic dO quan tam den
LVH rat cao. Thgc te, cac no Igc cua
Oxfam, nhom PPWG va cdc td chiic NGO
khdc, ngay tii giai dogn hinh thdnh LVH tir
nam 2005 din nay da minh chdng rat ro cho
dilu nay. Tuy nhien, dudng nhu cac td chdc
INGO tdc dOng tich cue hon, mgnh me hon
cac td chuc VNGO, mgc dii trgn thge t l
nhiing tdc dgng nay hien nay ciing chua cd
dugc kit qua rd rang.
Cdc ddi tdc phat triln (DPs) d Vigt Nam
gdm nhilu dang, tir ddi tdc chign luge, ddi
tae todn dien giiia quoc gia vdi qudc gia,
din ddi tdc phi chinh tri, phi lgi nhugn vdi
cdc td chiic phi chinh phu, td chirc qudc te,
V.V.. Mgt sd ddi tae phat trien tieu bigu d

63


Khoa hgc \& hpi Vigt Nam, so 10 - 2017
Viet Nam Id Ngan hang Thi gidi tai Vigt
Nam (WB), Ngan hdng phat triln Chdu A
tgi Vigt Nam (ADB), Quy Phat triln Ndng
nghigp Qudc t l (IFAD), Co quan Phat tiiln

QuIc tl Hoa Ky (USAID), Co quan Hgp
tdc QuIc t l Nhgt Ban (JICA), Ca quan Phat
tiiln Uc (AusAID), Co quan Hgp tae Phdt
triln Thgy Si (SDC), To chirc Hgp tdc Phat
triln quoc tl Thgy Diln (Sida), v.v.. Theo
thdng tin tai Dien dan Ddi tdc phdt trien
Vigt Nam 2014, trong vdng hon hai thdp ky
qua, cac nhd tai tig (nay la cdc doi tdc phdt
triln quIe tl) dd cam kit cho Vigt Nam vay
hon 80 ti USD vdn ODA (tiong dd hem mgt
niia da dugc gidi ngan), gdp phdn quan
tigng vdo tiln trinh phdt trign kinh te - xa
hOi ciia Vigt Nam.
Cdc ddi tdc phat triln hien nay tap trung
h6 trg ViOt Nam vl cdc vdn dg xay dgng the
chg, chinh sdch vd ede chucmg trinh hdnh
dOng eg thi tign bdn ITnh vgc: (i) gidm
ngheo va giam ngheo d nhdm ngudi ddn
tpc; (ii) tham gia cua khu vuc tu nhan trong
cap nude dd thi va ndng thdn; (iii) bdo vO
mdi trudng; (iv) tang cudng ndng Igc cgnh
ft-anh thdng qua dao tao nghe vd phdt triln
kj ndng. Ngodi ra, mpt sd ca quan, to chiic
nhu USAID, SDC, Sida,... ddc bigt quan
tdm tdi cdc vdn dl lign quan din quyln con
ngudi (nhu tiep can thdng tin hay Idp hOi,
bilu tinh,...). Cae ddi tdc phdt triln hodn
todn cd the su dgng sii mang, vai tid va tiim
anh hudng cua minh doi vdi Chinh phu Vigt
Nam dl thiic ddy cho LVH. M ^ du v^y,

hign nay cac co quan nay chua thi hign mdt
each r5 rang sg quan tam din LVH.

5. Vai trd cua bao chi, truyin thong den
tien trinh Luat ve hgi
Vai tid cua bdo chi dugc thg hign qua cdc
chiic ndng co ban nhu cung cdp thdng tin.

tgo dien dan ngdn ludn, dinh hudng du lugn
xd hgi V.V.. Tren thuc tl, nhilu ngudi eoi
bao chi la "quyen Igc thii tu" (sau cac
quyen Igp phap, hanh phdp vd tu phap).
Sg tham gia cua bdo chf tiong thdi gian
gan ddy trong qua trinh xay dgng va ban
thdo mOt sd ludt (nhu Lugt Tiep can thong
tin, Lugt Trung cau dan y) Id khd rQ rang.
Tuy nhign, bdo chi v§n chua tgo dugc
su chii y ddi vdi du luan xa hdi vg tiln
trinh LVH, bao chi chua su dung cdc nguIn
Igc, the manh, tiem nang cua minh de
truygn thdng.

6. Vai trd cua cac h^i khdng co tir each
phap nhan, cac to chirc cgng dong, nguoi
dan vd cac diln dan ca nhdn din tien
trinh Lu^t ve hgi
Hgi khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan vd CBO
truac day khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan;
dugc hiiu la hOi hogt dOng khdng thudng
xuyen, khdng cd dilu le. Theo Dg thdo

LVH 2015, hOi khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan
dugc hiiu ngdn ggn Id hgi chua dugc ca
quan nha nude cd thdm quyln cap ddng ky
hogt dpng theo quy dinh cua phap ludt. Tuy
nhign, tren thgc tl, nhilu hpi kh6ng co tu
each phdp nhdn van cd dieu Ig, npi quy va
CO cau to chiic rieng.
v l m^t hinh thdc, hOi khdng cd tu each
phdp nhdn d dia phuong cd md hinh to chiic
va moi lien kit giiia cac hgi vign khd long
leo. Tuy nhien, su sdi dOng cua cac hOi nay
duge ghi nhgn nhd sg lien kit cac nhu cau
sd thich, cac mdi quan tam chung, nhung
khdng bi rdng buOc cda quan chiing. Mang
hgi nay dang phat triln rdt da dang, bdi gdn
vdi nhihig nhu cdu thiet thge cua ngudi dan.
Dilu ndy d^t ra cho LVH mgt khd khdn
tiong vipc ban hanh cac quy dinh, dieu
khoan dl Nha nude vira qudn ly dugc cdc


Nhac Phan Linh
hdi khdng cd tu each phdp nhdn va cac
CBO, viia trdnh lam edn trd hogt ddng ciia
cdc dgng hOi nay.
Do mang tinh tg phat, tu giac Id chii yeu,
cdc hgi Ididng cd tu each phap nhan va cdc
CBO thudng it quan tdm din cdc van de
phap ly, khdng quan tam den tiln trinh
LVH. Tuy nhien, cac td chiic thuOc nhdm

nay lai hay bi vudng mdc d chfnh cdc van
dg phap Iy; viec khdng cd quy dinh phu hgp
dd gay khd khdn khdng It ddi vdi hg trong
td chiic vd hoat dgng. Tdm Igi, mac du ddy
chinh la nhdm ddi tugng chinh cua LVH
nhung miic do quan tam ciia nhdm ddi
tugng nay ddi vdi LVH cdn chua rd rang,
tae ddng cua ho cdn han chg. Neu nhu hg
CO dugc thdng tin nhilu hon vl LVH tir bao
chi va cac phuang tien truyen thdng, hinh
thiie truygn thdng khac thi cd thi mli quan
tam va tdc dOng cua nhdm ddi tugng nay se
dugc cai thign tich cue va tuang xiing vdi
vai trd cua hg nhu mpt trong nhung ddi
tugng chinh cua LVH.

trong cdng ding va xa hpi cua minh.
Nhu vay, cd mdi quan he ca bdn giiia ngudi
dan vdi LVH. Ngudi ddn can d u ^ eoi Id
mpt Igc lugng cd sg dnh hudng nhat dinh
din LVH.
Tuy nhign, do truyin thdng (td md hinh
lang xd vdi cdc mdi quan he thdn tOc bgn
trong gia cBnh, din cdc mdi quan hg cpng
ddng dudi cac dgng hOi ddng huong, hOi
ddng nien, hpi lien gia...), nen den nay,
ngudi dan vdn cluu dnh hudng cua tu tudng
"phep vua cdn thua le lang". Digu nay ddn
den viec da sd ngudi dan, it quan tam dgn
phdp lugt ve quyen cdng dan, eoi quygn hpi

hgp, quyln Idp hgi la duong nhign, khdng
cdn phdi xin phep.
Ddi vdi nhdm dan sd tre hign nay, cdc
dien dan dien tii trd thdnh mOt kgnh trao
ddi, chia se thdng tm, giao luu thilt yeu.
MOt hinh thiic tuong tae phat sinh tii mgng
xd hOi la viec hinh thdnh ede blog, rdi din
cdc viog. Qua hinh thiic nay, ngudi dan ndi
len quan dilm, suy nghi cua minh ve mpt
vdn dl ndo dd. Day la mpt xu the cua gidi
tre Viet Nam.
Thdi gian qua, do lo nggi mdt kilm soat
thdng tin trgn ede ttang blog cd nhan, Nha
nude da ban hanh nhung quy dinh nhdm
qudn Iy thdng tin tren cac tiang dien tir ca
nhdn. Nhu vdy, hoan todn cd the eoi cac
blogger, vlogger la Iuc lugi^ tilm ndng ddi
vdi vipc ban thdo LVH. Tuy nhign, miic dp
quan tam hign nay cua ngudi dan ddi vdi
LVH chua c ^ , kl cd vdi nhdm trung, cao
tudi hay nhdm tie.

Ngudi dan va cdc dien dan ca nhan ndi
chung (khi khdng xet trong bdt k^ dgng td
chiic hOi n^), diu cd nhiing mdi quan tdm
nhat dinh den cdc hogt dpng tap the, cdc md
hinh lien kit. Trong lich sir hign dgi Viet
Nam, viec ngudi dan tham gia khd tich cgc
vao cac doan hpi, ben canh cac mue dich
thien nguygn, cdn nhdm mgc tieu ddu tianh

chinh tri vdi nha cdm quyen, ddi hdi cdc
quyln cdng ddn, quyen dan sg, quyen hpi
hgp, quyln lap hpi- Dilu nay gdp phan tao
ngn mOt hg tiling cac tdng Idp to chiic quan
chiing nhu hign nay va Idm ty le tham gia
vao cac hpi doan cua ngudi dan Vigt Nam 7. Ket lugn
vdo hang cao nhat khu vgc.

Hon niia, vdi each tilp can nhdn quyln, Nghien cdu eua Depocen (vdi sg tdi trg ciia
cdng dan cd moi lien hp ch^t che vdi cac Oxfam Vigt Nam va PPWG) da xac dinh
quyln tu do tu tudng, tg do tilp cgn thdng dugc cac nhdm co quan, td chiic cd lign
tm, tg do hdnh dpng Iga chgn vige lam, quan din tiln trinh LVH nhu sau: nhom cd
ciing nhu quyen tg do tham gia chinh tri tdc dpng mgnh vd ling hg ban hdnh LVH
65


Khoa hoc xa hpi Vi^t Nam, s i 10-2017
gIm Qudc hpi, Bd Tu phdp, VUSTA, 28
hOi dgc thii, cdc to chiic phi chinh phii tiong
nude vd quIe te, cdc dPi tae phdt trien.
Nhdm cd tdc dOng mgnh, nhung chua thuc
sg img hO, quan tam den vige ban hdnh
LVH gIm BO NOi vu, cac ca quan bdo chi tmyin thdng. Nhdm cd thai dp khdng rd
rdng (khdng hodn toan iing hp,^ ciing khdng
phdn ddi) Id Mat tidn Td qudc vd cdc td
chiic qudn chung. Nhdm co tdc dpng yeu va
cung it quan tam din LVH la cac hOi khPng
CO tu each phdp nhdn va edc td chiic cOng
ddng, ngudi dan va cdc dien ddn ca nhan.
Vige xac dinh vi tri va mdi quan tdm cua

cdc bgn lign quan din LVH Id co sd d l ddnh
gia va dg bao v l tiln trinh LVH d Viet
Nam tiong thdi gian tdi. Mgc tieu Idn nhat
Id gdp phan hinh thanh mOt hanh lang phdp
ly cho hogt dOng cua cac to ehiic hOi, phat
huy nhihig ngudn Igc va vai trd tich cue cua
cdc hOi tiong cdng cuOc phat trien kinh t l ,
chfnh tri, van hda, xa hOi d Vipt Nam.

Tai lieu tham khao
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[4]

[5]

66

Ban Chap hinh Trung uong Ding Cpng sin
Vi^t Nam (2012), Chi thi so 17-CT/TW ngdy
28 thdng 8 ndm 2012 ve vi4c tiep tyc ddi mdi
vd tdng cudng s(r Idnh dgo cda Ddng ddi vdi
Hdi quan ch^ng. H i Npi.
B§ N9i vv (2013), Quyit djnh so 967/QD-BNV
ngdy 26 thdng 8 ndm 2013 cua Bp Npi vy quy
dinh chuc ndng, nhi4m v^, quyin hgn vd td

chiic cua Vy Td chiic Phi Chinh phu. Hi Npi.
Chd tich nude (1957), Sac I4nh so I02/SLL004 ngdy 20 thdng 5 ndm 1957 cda Chd Ifch
nude vk Chinh phil (1957), Nghj djnh so 258TTgngdy 14/6/1957, H i Npi.
Chfnh phil (2002), Nghj dinh so 81/2002/NDCP Mgay 17/10/2002 quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh
mpt so diiu cua Lugt Khoa hpc vd Cdng ngh4.
Hi Npi.
Chinh phu (2010), Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/NDCP ngdy 21/4/2010 quy dinh vi td chiic. hogt
dpng vd qudn Ifi hpi. H i Npi.

[6]

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qi^xahpi, quptiithi4n, H i Npi.

[7]

Qu6c hpi nu(5rc Cpng h6a xi hpi chil nghia
Vi?t Nam (2005), Bd lugt Ddn su ndm 2005.
cdc Diiu 84,100, 102, 104, H i Npi.

[8]

Qu6c hpi nude Cpng h6a xa hpi chu n ^ i a
Vi|t Nam (2008), Lugt Ban hdnh vdn bdn quy
phgm phdp lugt 2008, Diiu 43, H i Npi.

[9]

Quoc hpi nudrc Cpng h6a xa hpi chii nghia
Vi^t Nam (2008), Lugt Bgn hdnh vdn bdn quy

phgm phdp ludt 2008, Khodn I Dieu 42, Hi Npi.
[10] Qu6c hpi mr6c Cpng h6a x i hpi chu nghia
Vi§t Nam (2008), Ludt Bgn hdnh vdn bdn quy
phgmph^ lugt 2008, Khodn I Dieu 35. Hi Npi.
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Vi^t Nam (2013), Hiin phdp ndm 2013. Dihi
69. H i Npi.
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nghien cdu cua PPWG vi Tim hiiu tiin trinh
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thyc hi4n nghj quyit cua Qudc hpi vi diiu
chinh chuong trinh xdy dung lugt, phdp I4nh
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