T/iP Cin KHOA HpCTRUCING DAI HQC TRA VINH, s 6 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

DOM0 353B^/1»:

VAI TRO CUA PHU NlJ KHMER TRONG BAO TON
VA PHAT HUY TIENG ME DE
NGHIEN CtfU TRUdNG HOP THANH PHO TRA VINH
Thach Thi Dan^

KHMER WOMEN IN THE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MOTHER LANGUAGE - A CASE STUDY IN TRA VINH CITY
Thach Thi Dan^

Tom tat - Phu nv! Khmer giU nhiing vi promoting their mother tongue in the coming
tri, vai trd nhdt dinh trong ddi song vd cdc time.
Keywords: Khmer women. Southern
sinh hoat vdn hoa, xd hoi cua ngudi Khmer
Nam Bo. Khi tham gia vai trd ve gidi, ho cd Khmer, mother language, Tra Vinh city.
siic dnh hudng rat quan trong trong viec bdo
I. M 6 DAU
ton vd phdt huy tieng me de cua chinh ddn
toe minh. Trong bdi viit nay, tdc gid dd tien
Dan tpc Khmer c6 mot he thdng ngon ngfl
hanh dieu tra, khdo sdt, phdn tich thuc trang rieng. Viec sfl dung tieng me de khong chi
svC dung tieng me de cua phu nic Khmer d the hien thai dp ngon ngfl cua mdi ngfldi ma
Thanh pho Trd Vinh. Tren cO sd do, bdi viet con gdp phin bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri
di xudt mot s6 gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao vai van hoa, lich sfl cua dan tpc. Trong cong ddng
trd cua phu nH Khmer trong viec bdo ton vd ngfldi Khmer, ngfldi phu nfl c6 vai tro quan
phdt huy tieng me de trong thdi gian tdi.
trpng trong viec Ifla chpn, truyln day ngon
Tie khoa: phu nvl Khmer, ngUdi Khmer ngfl dan tpc cho cac the he sau. Thdng qua

Nam Bp, tiing me de, Thanh pho Trd Vinh. ngon ngfl dan tpc, ngudi phu nfl lam khdi day
long tfl hao dan tpc cua cac thanh vien trong
Abstract - Khmer women always play the gia dinh cung nhU trong cong ddng ve phong
tuc,
truyln thdng tdt dep. TUy nhien, hien nay
certain positions and roles in life and cultural, social activities of Southern Khmer. Re-nhieu nhan td nhU dinh kiln gidi, kha nang
garding the role of gender, they have strong tilp can thong tin, sd giup dd cua ngUdi than,
influence on preserving and promoting the trinh dd hpc vin, da ,tac ddng khong nho den
mother language of their own ethnic minority. y thflc sfl dung tieng me de trong cac gia (finh
In this paper, the researcher has investigated,ngUdi Khmer d Tra Vinh. Khao sat cac hp gia
surveyed and analyzed the situation of us- dinh dan toe Khmer tai Thanh phd Tra Vinh
ing the mother tongue of Khmer women in cho thiy mflc dp sfl dung tilng me de trong
Tra Vinh City. From that basis, the study giao tiep hang ngay cua cong ddng Khmer
proposes some solutions toward promoting dang giam di, cd din 50% ho gia dinh ma
the role of Khmer women in preserving and cac thanh vien khdng the giao tilp vdi nhau
bang tilng me de. Khi tilp xuc vdi cac thanh
'TrUcIng Dai hoc Tra Vinh
vien, dac biet ngfldi phu nfl trong gia dinh,
Ngay nhan bai: 27/9/2018, Ngay nhan ket qua binh
chflng toi nhan thiy hp chfla y thflc day du
duyet: 09/7/2019; Ngay chap nhan dang: 15/7/2019
tim quan trpng cua viec sfl dung tilng me
Email:
de ddi vdi cac con trong gia dinh. Hp cd xu
^Tra Vinh University
Received date: 27*'' September 2018 , Revised date:
hfldng de tre lUa chpn va sfl dung ngon ngfl
09"' July 2019; Accepted date: 15"" July 2019



I KUONG DAl HOC TRA VINH. SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

mot each tfl nhien, khong bat budc. Hp chua
giai thich cho cac con ve tam quan trpng cua
viec sfl dung tilng me de trong giao tiep hang
ngay. Vay, lam the nao de' phat huy vai trd cua
ngUdi phu nfl Khmer trong cong tac bao tdn
va phat huy tilng me de? Xuit phat tfl cau hdi
do, de tai "Vai tro cua ngudi phu nfl Khmer
trong bao tdn va phat huy ngon ngfl dan tpc tilng me de (nghiSn cflu trUdng hdp tai Thanh
phd Tra Vinh)" dfldc thflc hien. Muc tieu cua
bai viet la phan tich thflc trang sfl dung tieng
me de va cac ylu td anh hfldng din viec sfl
dung tilng me de cua phu nfl Khmer tren dia
ban Thanh phd Tra Vinh; phan tich vai tro,
U-ach nhiem cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer tren
dia ban Thanh phd Tra Vinh trong viec bao
ton va phat huy tieng me de. Tfl do, chflng
tdi d l xuat cac giai phap nang cao vai trd cua
ngfldi phu nfl Khmer trong viec bao tdn va
phat huy tilng me de trong cong ddng ngUdi
Khmer.

VAN HOA-GIAO UUC-NUMtJ li

ciJu se ddng gdp budc dau cho viec nghien
cflu vai tro phu nfl Khmer khong chi trong
bao tdn tilng me de ma con nhieu linh vflc
khac, dac biet ddi vdi bao tdn di san van hoa
phi vat the'.


II. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COU
Phuong phdp diin dd ddn toe hpc: De tai
thiet ke he thdng cau hdi theo thang do likert
de dat dfldc thong tin khach quan vl viec
chpn ngon ngfl giao tiep, thai dp cua cac ca
nhan sfl dung tieng me de, khd khan (neu
c6) khi sfl dung tilng me de, ldi ich va hoat
dong bao tdn, phat trien tilng me de; ddng
thdi thflc hien quan sat cd tham dfl thu thap
nhflng thdng tin thUc t l vl viec sfl dung ngon
ngfl dan tpc - tilng me de cua ngUdi Khmer
trong gia dinh va cong ddng. Cac dia ban
dfldc chpn mlu khao sat tai thanh phd Tra
Vinh. Thanh phd Tra Vinh la trung tam hanh
chinh, chinh tri kinh te van hoa xa hdi va
an ninh qudc phong cua tinh Tra Vinh gdm
chin phfldng va xa Long Dflc, trong do dan
tpc Khmer la 21.879 ngfldi chiem 20,64%
sdng tap trung d cac phfldng 1, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9 va xa Long Dflc [9]. Ddi sdng chu ylu
la san xuat nong nghiep, lam nghe thu cong
truyln thdng, mot bp phan lam dich vu, mua
ban nho va lam cong nhan trong cac cong
ty xi nghiep tai khu cong nghiep Long Dflc.
Nhdm nghien cflu chpn xa Long Dflc, phfldng
1, phudng 7, phfldng 8, phfldng 9 lam dia ban
nghien cflu. Day la nhflng khu vflc tiep nhan
va anh hUdng ldi sdng dd thi, giao thoa van
hoa manh me, tap trung nhieu ddng bao dan

tpc Khmer. Dong thdi, xa Lfldng Hoa, huyen
Chau Thanh, tinh Tra Vinh la khu vflc vung
ven trung tam thanh phd Tra Vinh cung dfldc
chpn de" ddi chilu sfl khac biet trong sfl dung
tilng me de vdi trung tam thanh phd.

O Viet Nam, ngfldi phu nfl luon gifl mot
vai tro quan trpng trong ddi sdng xa hoi. Vai
tro do da dUdc ghi nhan va khang dinh d
nhieu cong trinh nghien cflu thude nhilu linh
vflc nhau nhfl trong qua trinh cong nghiep
hoa ndng thdn [I], u-ong phat trien cong ddng
[2], trong gia dinh Viet Nam [3]... Rieng
cac nghien cflu vl ngon ngfl Khmer Nam Bp
cung da dfldc the' hien trong nhilu bai vilt,
chuyen luan, luan van, luan an. Cac nghien
cflu thfldng tap trung vao cac vin de nhfl dac
die'm tieng Khmer, sfl khac biet tilng Khmer
Sdc Trang va tieng Khmer d Tra Vinh [4], sU
tilp xuc ngon ngfl gifla tilng Khmer vdi tilng
Viet [5], [6], thai dp ngon ngfl cua ngfldi
Khmer [7], tinh hinh suT dung tilng Khmer
trong giao tiep, chinh sach ngon ngfl d cong
ddng Khmer Nam Bp [8]... Cac nghien cflu
tren da phan tich sau sac vl tilng me de,
vai tro cua tieng me de trong ban sac van
hoa dan tpc. Day la nhflng cd sd quan trpng
de de tai cd the k l thfla va phat huy. TYiy
nhien, trong cac cong trinh tren, viec nhan
manh vai trd cua ngfldi phu nfl trong bao tdn

tilng me de chinh dan tpc minh, trong do cd
ngfldi Khmer con kha khiem tdn. Tren cd sd
ke thfla cd chpn Ipc cac cong trinh nghien
cflu di trfldc, chung toi hi vpng d l tai nghien

Phuang phdp phong vdn sau: di thu thap
ngudn tai lieu thong tin dinh tinh bo sung,
khac phuc nhflng han chi trong phan tich
danh gia cua ngudn sd Heu, thong tin dinh
Ifldng cd dfldc tfl kit qua dieu tra 143 hp gia
dinh. Mlu phong vin sau dfldc chpn 10%
trong tdng sd mlu dilu tra hp gia dinh.
26


T4P CHi KHOA H p c TRl/flNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 33, THANG 03 NAM 2(

cac em khdng c6 dieu kien tilp xuc vdi tieng
Khmer tfl nho nlu c6 cha me deu la vien chflc
nha nUdc. Mot li do khac la yeu td tam li cfla
cha me cac em. Do hp lo sd con em minh
Tra Vinh la mot trong nhflng tinh d Nam khd hoa nhap vdi Idp hpc nen hp da chii dong
Bp CO ti le ngfldi Khmer sinh sdng ddng, day tilng Viet cho con nhilu hdn, khong day
chilm 31 % dan sd toan tinh. Rieng tai Thanh hoac it noi tilng Khmer vdi con. Vi vay, viec
phd Tra Vinh, ngUdi Khmer chiem 20,64% sfl dung tilng me de phu thuoc rat nhilu vao
[9]. La mot trong nhflng cong ddng cac dan nhan thflc cua ngUdi Idn trong gia dinh. Mdi
tpc d Viet Nam, dan tpc Khmer tai Thanh trfldng gia dinh ddng vai tro chu dao trong
phd Tra Vinh da cd nhieu hoat dong thiet viec truyln day tilng me de.
thflc nham bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri
Vay trong edng ddng ngudi Khmer Nam

van h6a cua dan tpc. Ben canh cac hoat ddng Bp, ai la ngudi dong vai tro chinh trong vigc
van hoa thfldng nien, ngfldi Khmer con tich truyln day tieng me de cho con? Trong truyln
cUc khuyin khich ddng vien con em tham gia thdng xa hoi ngUdi Khmer, nlu ngUdi cha la
hpc chfl viet cua dan tpc d cac diem chua vao tru cot ve kinh te trong gia dinh thi ngUdi phu
dip he; tham gia hpc Idp song ngfl Khmer - nfl lai c6 vai tro quan trpng trong viec giao
Viet cho hpc sinh Khmer 6 bac tieu hpc. Tiiy due con cai. Kit qua khao sat cho thiy cd
nhien, chfldng trinh hpc song ngfl chi dflng den 36% viec hpc cua con cai trong gia dinh
lai d bac tieu hpc va trung hpc cd sd vdi tdng la do ngudi phu nfl quyet dinh; 24% do ca vd
thdi lUdng la 980 tilt [10]. Ben canh viae va chdng quylt dinh, 10,7% do ngudi chdng
hpc tilng Khmer, cac em con dfldc hpc them quylt dinh va 29,3% do ca gia dinh cung dUa
tieng Anh. Viec hpc lan ludt ba ngon ngfl ra quyet dinh. Kit qua nay cung cho thay sfl
(Viet, Khmer, Anh) khiln cac em c6 cd hoi binh dang cua phu nfl Khmer so vdi dan ong
so sanh tinh thong dung, kha nang flng dung U:ong gia dinh. NgUdi phu nfl van la ngfldi
cua ngdn ngfl trong hpc tap va nghe nghiep. CO sflc anh hfldng Idn nhat ddi vdi con, chau
Dilu nay cung anh hudng khdng nho din kha trong gia dinh. Trong ddi sdng cua ddng bao
nang sfl dung tilng me de cua cac em trong Khmer, nfl gidi va nam gidi deu c6 vai tro
giao tiep, nhat la trong cac gia dinh. Do thilu ngang nhau trong viec tilp can cac ngudn lUc
vdn tfl vflng, thilu mdi trUdng giao tilp nen nhu tai san, dit dai, mua sam tai san, ddng
kha nang dien dat cua cac em con han che, gdp kinh tl. Khao sat tai cac phUdng d trung
cac em khong the' sfl dung hoan toan tieng tam Thanh phd Tra Vinh cho thiy ba cong
me de U-ong giao tiep. Vi vay, viec lUa chpn viec phd bien cua phu nfl Khmer tai khu vUc
tilng me de trong giao tilp gifla cac thi he nay gom noi trd, buon ban va mot sd nganh
ngfldi Khmer cung ngay cang giam. Neu ddi nghe khac nhU lam thue, lam rupng, cong
vdi the he cac bac cha me, viec giao tiep hoan nhan xi nghiep. Ti le phu nfl tham gia buon
toan bang tieng Khmer la 100% thi vdi thi ban, cac edng viec khac ed phin tang so vdi
he con cai chi con khoang 95% [II]. Hien cong viec chinh la noi trd. Hp deu tich cflc
nay, ti le nay dang ngay cang cd xu hUdng tham gia xay dflng kinh te cua gia dinh. Khu
giam dan.
vUc Phfldng 7, 8 va 9 cd xu hudng tang so
vdi Phfldng 1. Ylu td noi trd giam dan d sau

Kit qua phong vin 10 gia dinh dan tpc khu vUc cho thiy ngfldi phu nfl dan ngang
Khmer tai trung tam Thanh phd Tra Vinh tam vdi nam gidi trong ddng gop Idnh te.
(sau gia dinh lam nghi buon ban va bdn gia Day la budc tiln cua qua trinh cong nghiep
dinh lam vien chflc nha nude) cho thiy hdn hoa, hien dai hoa. Viec tham gia buon ban,
50% tre em cd dp tudi tfl 6 din 15 tudi thuoc cong viec khac gdp phan xay dung kinh tl
gia dinh Khmer cd cha me lam nghi budn gia dinh ngay mot ben vflng hdn. Khao sat
ban sfl dung tilng Viet xen lln tilng Khmer d cac phfldng cho thay cd hdn 80% gia dinh
trong qua trinh giao tilp. Sd con lai khdng cd chdng chi tap trung ve kinh tl, tham gia
noi dfldc tilng Khmer. Li do chu yeu la do
m. THUC TRANG SLf DUNG TIENG ME
DE CUA PHU NO KmiER TREN DIA
BAN THANH PHO TRA VINH


VAN H 6 A - GIAO DUC - NGH$ THUAX

TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRUONG D*! HOC T R A VINH. SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

quyet dinh viec hpc cua con cai trong gia
dinh chi chilm 10,7% trong tdng sd phu nfl
dfldc phong van. Viec hpc hanh cung la yeu
td quan trpng dinh hfldng cho con em Khmer
trong nghi nghiep, nang cao y thflc gia tri
van hoa dan tpc.
Vai tro cua ngubi phu nfl trong viec ra
quyet dinh trong gia dinh cho thay dia vi cua
ngUdi phu nfl Khmer ngay cang dude nang
cao va c6 y nghia trong xay dUng gia dinh.
Tuy nhien, ylu td nghe nghiep cd anh hUdng
nhu the nao den viec day tieng me de cho

con? Thanh phd Tra Vinh la trung tam hanh
chinh cua tinh, la ndi cong cu cua nam dan
tpc: Kinh, Khmer, Hoa, An, Cham. Vi vay,
sU giao thoa van hoa trong qua trinh tiep xflc
la tit yeu. Qua trinh giao thoa tilp xuc gifla
cac cong ddng dan tpc anh hfldng din viec sfl
dung ngdn ngfl cua dan tpc Khmer tai Thanh
phd, nhit la nghe nghiep cua phu nfl Khmer.
Do phai bfldc ra ngoai lam viec nen viec hpc
them mdt ngdn ngfl la rit can thiet cho sU trao
ddi thdng tin cung nhU dl thanh cong trong
cong viec nen phu nfl Khmer thao tilng Viet
la tat yeu. Nhflng phu nfl Khmer lam noi trd
CO xu hfldng giam va chu ylu tap trung d dp
tudi 55 trd len. Ti le c6ng viec khac cd phin
tang len nhieu d khu vflc PhUdng 8, Phudng
9, phd bien d do tudi 18-50.
Mflc dp thanh thao tieng Khmer trong giao
tiep d tudi 18-54 cd phin thap hdn so vdi
nhom tudi tfl 55 trd len. Kit qua khao sat
cung cho thay da sd phu mi Khmer sfl dung
dUdc hai ngon ngfl trong qua trinh giao tilp
la Viet va Khmer. O phfldng 1, phfldng 7 va
xa Long Dflc, thanh phd Tra Vinh; xa Lfldng
Hoa, huyen Chau Thanh, kha nang phu nfl
Khmer sfl dung ca hai ngon ngfl diu tot hdn
so vdi phfldng 8 va phfldng 9. Do phfldng
1 va phudng 7 d trung tam cua thanh phd
Tra Vinh va cac hp gia dinh dan tpc Khmer
sdng dan xen vdi cac gia dinh ngUdi Kinh,

Hoa nen viec sfl dung thanh thao tilng Viet
trong giao tiep la cin thiet va hien nhien. 6
phfldng 1, phudng 7, trung binh cfl 10 gia
dinh ngfldi Kinh chi c6 mot hoac hai gia
dinh Khmer sinh sdng. Long Dflc va Lfldng
Hoa tuy la hai xa vung ven trung tam nhUng
khong each xa trung tSm nhieu. Phu nfl d xa

Lfldng Hoa phan dong lam nghe budn ban.
Hang ngay, do ho tilp xuc vdi khach hang,
ca ngfldi Khmer lan ngfldi Kinh nen ndi dfldc
ca hai thfl tilng. Rieng xa Long Dflc, do gan
khu cong nghiep Long Dflc, moi trfldng nghe
nghiep budn ban va lam dich vu nen phu nfl
cd the' giao tilp thanh thao hai thfl tilng. Viec
giao tilp dfldc hai thfl tilng deu cd dfldc 6
hai nhdm tudi: 18-50 va 50 tudi trd ISn. 6
khu vUc phudng 8, phfldng 9, mot sd phu nfl
chi ndi dfldc duy nhit tilng Khmer, khdng
thanh thao tilng Viet, hp chi hieu va giao
tiep dfldc nhflng viec cd ban nhfl chao hoi,
trao ddi mua ban. Viec trao ddi trUc tiep sau
hdn vl chu dl viec lam, van hoa, hpc tap
rat kho khan. Ban than can bp phong van
phai phong vin bang tilng Khmer. Mot phan
quan trpng nfla la hai phudng deu la vung
ven trung tam, sdng dan xen vdi cac dan tpc
khac chUa nhieu, mot xom cd din 5 din 10
hp gia dinh Khmer sdng gan nhau, chi c6 mot
hoac hai hp gia dinh ngUdi Kinh hoac khdng

CO hp nao. Viec giao tilp duy nhit tilng me
de chi xay ra d sd it ngUdi tre, the he Idn
tudi hdn 50 chiem ti le cao hdn din 60% d
phudng 9.

Bang 1: Kha nang sfl dung cac ngon ngfl cua
phu nfl Khmer
Mot ng&n ngu'
Dia diem

D8 tuoi

(!)

18-50t

(2)
100

PhUdng 1
>50t

100

18-501

100

Phir&ng 7
>50i

18-50t
Phucfng 8

100
5.9

94,1

>50t

16,7

77

18-50t

22,2

77,8

> 50t

60

PhUflng 9

40

18-50t


100

Xa Long Dflc
>5Ctt

100

I8-50t

100

> sot

100

Ludng H6a

28

Hai ngon ngii'


T*P CHl KHOA HOC TRlICtNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

jioi^^v

^

*T


-18-54 tuoi
- > 5 5 tn6i

FhiKmg 1 Fhufmg 7 Phvong S I%uaag9 LtHig Doc

LtKmg
Hoa

Hinh 1; Kha nang giao tiep thanh thao tieng me de cua phu nfl Khmer theo Ifla tudi

Viec giao tilp tilng me de trong moi
trUdng eua cong ddng trd nen hoan hao hdn,
chu the giao tilp tfl nhien theo ban nang vi
ban than thuoc ve cong ddng dd, yeu td ngfl
phap khong dUdc chu y nhieu. Phu nfl Khmer
Idn tudi tai phudng 9 sdng trong khu vUc tap
trung hoan toan dan tpc Khmer, moi trfldng
giao tilp khep kin, vi li do tuoi tac hp khdng
cd cd hoi tilp xuc vdi ngoai cong ddng. Hp
la nhflng ngfldi ba Urong gia dinh. Ci tudi hp,
trong cong ddng dan tpc Khmer, ngoai viec
hd trd cac con trdng nom nha cfla, trong chau,
hp eon tham gia tu thien gifl gidi theo phong
mc ciia dSn toe. Trong cong ddng, gia dinh,
hp rat dfldc coi ttpng vi la tim gfldng cho
con chau noi theo vdi phUdng cham lam dilu
thien de nhan qua tdt d hien tai va vj lai. Dieu
hp tiep thu d moi nay la kinh ke tilng Pali.
Ban than hp cd vdn tieng Khmer kha phong
phu vi vay viec giao tilp tieng me de khong

c6 gi la khd khan. Do phan Idn hp sinh ra
tiong nhflng thap nien 30, 40 cua thi ki XX
nen qua trinh giao thoa ngon ngfl cung nhfl
tiln trinh hien dai hoa chUa xay ra manh me
nhfl hien nay. Qua trinh giao thoa ngon ngfl
chu ylu xay ra tiong hoat dong buon ban,
trao ddi hang hoa la chu yeu. Phu nfl Khmer
d thdi gian nay cung chfla tham gia nhieu vao
cac hoat dong xa hoi, nghi nghiep chu ylu
vin la nong nghiep. Ngfldi chdng va ngfldi vd
deu tham gia vao qua trinh xay dflng kinh te,
ngfldi phu nfl vin ddng khung trong hinh mau
rit chung la ben canh kinh tl, ho con cham

lo vun ven cho gia dinh, cham sdc ngfldi than
va day bao con cai. Cung d thdi die'm nay,
nin kinh tl Viet Nam ndi chung cd nhieu
budc cai each va thay doi.
Gia dinh dan tpc Khmer chu ylu chUa cd
nhieu thay ddi ve hoat dong san xuat kinh te.
Nen vin dl sfl dung tilng me de 6 the he nay
la thuan nhit. Tfl nam 1980 trd ve sau, thdi
die'm dit nude c6 bUdc chuye'n minh manh
me sang thdi ki md cfla hoi nhap qudc tl, ddi
sdng cua ngfldi dan ndi chung cd nhilu thay
ddi, rieng edng ddng dan tpc Khmer cung c6
nhieu bude phat trie'n vl kinh tl va ddi sdng.
Cupc sdng khong chi gdi gpn Uxjng phum
sroc, nay viec san xuat buon ban c6 sfl giao
Iflu doi hdi ban than cong ddng cac dan tpc,

dan tpc Khmer c6 s\i hpc hoi ngon ngfl de'
thich nghi dl dang cho cupc sdng nhU viSc
lam, buon ban... hay ddn gian la tiao doi
thong tin giao tilp vdi xom gilng. Va ngUdi
phu nfl cang Idn tudi thi vdn tfl vUng va giao
tiep tieng me de nhilu hdn so vdi thi he sau.
Phong vin phu nfl Khmer d cac phudng khi
dfldc hoi "Ngon ngfl dau tien ba/chi chpn day
con, chau la gi?", kit qua nhfl sau:
Bang 2 cho ta thiy dai da sd phu nfl Khmer
chpn tilng Khmer la ngdn ngfl diu tien day
cho con. Mot sd it phu nfl Khmer day tilng
Viet cho con, ti le cao nhat la Phudng 7, d thi
he thfl 1 Idn hdn 50. Nguyen nhan chu yeu
la moi trfldng sinh sdng xung quanh, nghe
nghiep anh hudng din quyet dinh chpn ngon
ngfl day cho con. Dilu nay din den mflc dp
29


T*P o n KHOA H p c TRUONG D*I HOC TRA VINH, SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

Khmer. (Bang 3)
Ket qua khao sat d Bang 4. cho thiy thflc
te sfl dung tilng Viet trong giao tiep trd nen
phd bien d hau hit cac phfldng. Sfl thay ddi
trong chpn Ifla ngdn ngfl anh hfldng den viec
duy tri bao tdn tilng me de cho cac the he
mai sau. Vi tri cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer can
dfldc nang cao trong ddi sdng gia dinh va

trong sinh hoat cong ddng. Vay mong mudn
cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer la gi?
Thfl nhit, hp mong mudn dfldc hpc tSp chfl
Khmer. Vdn tfl rit quan trpng giup chung
ta dien dat trpn ven y ma ban than mudn
truyln tai din ngfldi nghe. Cupc ndi chuyen
se khong trpn ven nlu thilu tfl va can phai
"vay mfldn tfl tilng Pali hoac Sanskrit hoac
nhflng tfl ngfl dich tfl cac thuat ngfl mdi cua
tieng Viet phd thong" [5]. Da sd phu nfl
Khmer tiong pham vi nghien cflu chi hoan
thanh bac hpc d cap tieu hpc, sd chi em
hoan tit bac hpc trung hpc phd thdng va dai
hpc la 2,3% tiong tong sd phu nfl tham gia
phong vin. Khi dfldc hdi "Cac chi c6 hpc chfl
Khmer khong?", nhom nghien cflu nhan dfldc
cau tra ldi pho biln la "hdi nho hpc d chua,
da qua lau nSn khong nhd hit nhflng gi da
hpc; hoac "do hoan canh khd khan nen khong
dfldc di hpc" hoac "nha d xa chua nen khong
di hpc dfldc". Dieu nay cung phii hdp vdi
nghien ciiu cua Thach Thi Dan, ti le ngfldi
Khmer biet viet, dpc tilng Khmer rit thap,
dac biet la nfl gidi [12]. Nlu ban than phu
nfl Khmer dfldc hpc chfl thi viec hfldng con
minh di hpc va giao tilp hang ngay tiong gia
dinh se giup viec duy tii tilng me de tdt hdn.

Bang 2: Phu nfl Khmer chpn day ngdn ngfl
cho con

Mi^c do %
Dia di^m

Do tuoi
Ti^ng

Tieng

Khac

Khmer (1)

Via (2)

(3)

18-50t

83,3

16,7

>50t

85,7

7,1

18-50t


88,9

11,1

>50t

60

40

18-50t

100

Phifdng 1

PhUifng 7

PhUcing 8
>50t

100

18-50t

77,8

5,6

>50t


90

10

18-50t

86,7

13,3

> 50t

93,3

6,7

18-50t

100

>50t

100

VAN H 6 A - GIAO DUC - NGH$ THUAT

7,1

16,7


PhKftng 9

Xa Long Dflc

Ltfdng Hoa

giao tiep bang tilng Khmer qua cac thi he
trong gia dinh.
Viec chpn ngon ngfl dau tien day cho con
la khdi dau quan trpng cho nln tang ngon
ngfl cho con sau nay. Thong qua bang khao
sat, chflng ta nhan thay sU anh hfldng cua
ngon ngfl dau tien. Nlu phu nfl Khmer chpn
tilng me de day cho con thi cac the he tilp
theo se giao tilp bang tieng me de. Viec giao
tiep bang tieng me de giam din d cac the he
thfl 3 va thfl 4. Nguyen nhan la do viec duy
tii giao tilp khong thfldng xuyen. Dilu nay
phu thuoc vao y thflc, vdn tilng me de cua
ca nhan thanh vien tiong gia dinh. Tfl vflng,
each ndi, chu de ma ca nhan hUdng tdi de
giao tilp va nhan thiy rang mdi quan he nay
cin giao tilp bang ngon ngfl nao, tilng me
de hay tilng Viet. Mot yeu td nfla la nhu
ciu hpc tap, Jam viec khiln cho the he sau
(thi he thfl 3, 4) chpn tieng Viet la ngon ngfl
giao tilp thfldng xuyen hdn tilng Khmer. Ti
le giam cao d xa Long Diic va Lfldng Hoa,
vdi 20% y kiln. Ci thi he nay, tfl ngfl giao

tiep cd sfl pha tion gifla tilng Viet va tieng

Thfl hai, hp mong mudn dfldc cung cap
thong tin tfl sach, bao bang tieng Khmer den
gia dinh de hp van dung chfl vilt dfldc hpc 6
chiia, d trUdng. Hpc thi phai thUc hanh la can
cham ngdn quen thuoc nhung chfla dfldc ap
dung dung va thUdng xuyen. Ti le biet dpc
va viet chfl Khmer cua cac thanh vien trong
gia dinh phu nfl Khmer dfldc phong vin rat
thip. Cfl 10 gia dinh thi chi cd 1 den 2 gia
dinh cd ngfldi bilt dpc, viet chfl Khmer. Kit
qua nay la do gia dinh c6 eon di tu tai chua
nen cd dilu kien hpc chfl Khmer. Ban than
phu nfl Khmer ciing rat it ngfldi bilt chfl. Nlu
CO thi cung dang d tudi la ba trong gia dinh.
30


TAP c m KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 33. THANG 03 NAM 2019

Bang 3: Mflc dd giao tilp bang tilng Khmer qua cac thi he
Mile do %
Dia dinn

DS tuoi
Duy tri lot qua cac

Duy tri nhUng Miong


the he (I)

thUcJng xuyen (2)

Giam d th^ he thil 3 (3)

Giam d th^ hS thfl 3, thfl: 4 (4)

18-501

83,3

16,7

>50t

71,4

28,6

is-sa

72,2

5,6

11,1

11.1


> sot

60

10

10

20

18-sa

88,2

> sot

91,7

[8-501

88,9

PhUOng 1

PhifiJng 7

11,8

Phudng 8
8.3

11,1

PhUffng 9
>50t

90

18-50t

53,3

10
20

26,7

Xa Long Dilc
>50l

80

18-SOt

70

10

20

> sot


80

10

10

13,3

6,7

Ltrong H6a

Bang 4: Mflc dp sfl dung song ngfl tiong giao tiep cua cac thanh vien trong gia <£iih
Miic do s& dung song ngu trong giao t i l p (%)
Dia diem

DS tu£l

18-50t

Rat thUdng xuyen (1)

ThUcing xuyen (2)

Thinli thoang (3)

50

16,7


33,3

PhUdng 1

Hiem khi (4)

Khong CO (S)

5,6

>50t

50

43

7,1

18-50t

33,3

33,3

16,7

11,1

>50i


10

30

30

10

20

I8-50t

47,1

11,8

5,9

17,6

17,6

PhUtJng 7

PhKcing 8
>50t

16,7


8,3

16,7

18-SOt

38,9

38,9

16,7

> 50t

10

10

40

20

18-50t

20

46,7

26,7


6,7
6,7

PhUdng 9

Xa Long Dflc
>50i

13,3

20

60

18-50t

50

16,7

33,3

>50l

50

43

7,1


Luang Hoa

58,3
5,6
20


TAP c m KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC TRA VINH, SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019

Thud con thanh nien, hp da dUdc den chua
hpc chfl, khi Idn tuoi thi di chua, thp gidi, tu
thien hpc kinh. So vdi nfl gidi Khmer, nam
gidi dfldc tao dieu kien hpc chfl nhieu hdn.
Khi dUdc phong van "Ba/chi khuyen khich
cac thanh vien trong gia dinh ndi/hpc tieng
Khmer bang each nao?", k i t qua la 93,8%
cho con, chau tro chuyen hang ngay, 77,8%
la di chua tham gia hoat ddng le hoi, 66,7%
cho con chau xem, nghe chfldng tiinh tilng
Khmer tren tiuyen hinh, nghe radio, dpc bao.
Nhflng hien tai, cac phfldng chfla day manh
sach bao tilng Khmer ve dia phfldng. Day la
hoat ddng phd biln va quen thuoc dfldc phu
nfl Khmer chpn cho con chau minh. Muc dich
cua hoat dong nay nham de con em minh cd
kiln thflc vl van hoa cua dan tpc, hoa nhap
gan kit cong ddng, bao tdn phat huy cac gia
tri van hoa cua dan tdc. Mong mudn cua phu
nfl Khmer that gian di nhung sau sac. Tuy
nhien, vdi vai tro, vi tii hien tai, hp c6 qua

nhilu viec phai lam tiong mot gia dinh. Hp
cin sU se chia, hd tip tfl cac thanh vien tiong
gia dinh, cong ddng, tao dieu kien cho phu
nfl hoan thien ban than.
Thfl ba, hp mong nhan dUdc sU ddng long
cua nam gidi tiong gia dinh. Nam gidi la
ngfldi cha, ngfldi con, chau trong gia dinh.
Tat ca phai cd y thflc ve long tfl hao dan
tpc, tfl hao ve ban sac van hoa ma td tien,
cac thi he di tiitdc da xay dflng va dat dfldc.
Tieng ndi hay tieng me de la mot tiong sd
nhflng net dep, tai san cua mot tpc ngUdi.
Ban than vfla van dung dUdc tai san vdn cd
cua dan tpc vfla sfl dung tdt mot hay nhieu
ngdn ngfl khac la mot ldi the. Trong thdi ki
hoi nhap qudc te, ngon ngfl khong chi giup
duy tti sfl gan kit mot cong ddng dan tpc
nay vdi mot cong ddng dan tpc khac ma con
la chia khda giflp ban than vfldn tdi nhflng
thanh cong nhit dinh trong cong viec, truyln
tai quang ba net dep van hoa cua dan tdc.
Qua kit qua khao sat, chung toi rut ra kit
luan ve cac ylu td tac dong din nang life
ngon ngfl cua phu nfl Khmer nhfl sau:
Moi tiirdng gia dinh la yeu td d i u tien lam
nln tang ngdn ngfl cho ngfldi phu nfl Khmer
noi rieng va thi he trong gia dinh Khmer
ndi chung. Neu gia dinh cd truyen thdng s^

VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THUAT


dung tilng me de tiong giao tiep thi the he
con chau se ndi dUdc va giao tiep dUdc bang
tieng me de. Phu nfl Idn tiidi cd vdn tieng
Khmer tdt hdn nhflng phu nfl thi he sau.
Mdi tiUdng nghe nghiep lam tang kha nang
sfl dung them mot ngdn ngfl khac, nhat la
ngUdi phu nii cd kha nang hpc hoi tilp thu
ngon ngfl kha tdt. Phu nfl Khmer cham chi,
nhay ben tiong tiep thu cai mdi nham dap
flng nhu cau ban than. Nhd giao tiep tdt ca
tilng Viet lln tilng Khmer ma tiong nghe
nghiep hp cd phin thuan ldi hdn do tilp can
dUdc hai lUdng khach hang Viet, Khmer, ke'
ca ngfldi Hoa, Cham. Tuy nhien, dieu nay
cung tao nen sfl ehu quan. Sd lieu khao sat
cho thiy cac gia dinh c6 sfl dung song ngfl
tiong giao tiep va viec nay ngay cang phd
biln do sU chu quan cua chu the, khdng chi
phu nfl Khmer ma cac thanh vien. Ban than
phu nfl Khmer nghi day la binh thUdng nhflng
lau din sd lUdng tfl Khmer se giam va d i n
thay the bang tfl tieng Viet.
Khoang each dia li anh hfldng den viec
giao tilp tilng me de. Cang gan trung tSm
ndi CO cupc sdng nhpn nhip, viec sfl dung
tieng me de se giam din. Ben canh do, cac
phfldng tien nghe nhin nhu dai phat thanh,
bao chi tieng Khmer rat can cho cac gia dinh
Khmer. Vi vay, chflng ta cin xay dUng ndi

dung phong phu hdn thu hut gidi tre Khmer.
Phu nfl Khmer cin nang cao tiinh dp tieng
Khmer trong dpc viet tieng Khmer de hUdng
dan cho con em tiong viec hpc chfl dan tpc.
Phu nfl Khmer can y thflc tam quan tipng cua
tilng me de day con chau, nhac nhd thanh
vien trong gia dinh giao tiep bang tilng me
de de' tilng ndi cua dan tpc dfldc duy tti va
bao tdn. Tfl do, viec gifl gin van hoa, phong
tuc tap quan cua dan tpc se duy tti 6 cac thi
he tiep theo.
IV. DE XUAT MOT SO GL^I PHAP
N A N G CAO VAI TRO PHU N O KHMER
TRONG BAO TON VA PHAT HUY TIENG
ME DE TAI THANH PHO TRA VINH
A. Qua hdt ru, ke chuyen
Van hpc va am nhac dan gian Khmer c6
vai tid rat quan ttpng ttong ddi sdng sinh hoat


TA? CHl KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 33, T H A N G 03 N A M 3019

VAN HOA - GIAO u v - -1

cua ngUdi Khmer Nam Bp. Vdi nhilu the loai ke' dUdc ngfldi me, ngUdi ba sijt dung bang
khac nhau, hp kheo leo sfl dung chung phuc chinh tieng me de ciaa minh, mang nhflng y
vu ttong cac nghi ll hay vui chdi giai tti, bieu nghia v6 clang quy gia da giup cho cac thi he
diln nghe thuat tten san khau, sinh hoat gia con, chau c6 dfldc sfl kl thfla, nhan thflc sau
dinh... v l hinh thflc dien xfldng, am nhac sac ve ngon ngfl cua dan tpc minh. Qua hat
dan gian cua ngUdi Khmer ciing rit da dang, ru, ke' chuyen, nhiing ngfldi phu nfl Khmer

phong phu. Co the' ke' den la hat cd ttuyin trfldc day da phat huy rat hieu qud vai tro
vdi lan dieu No kho reak, lom tiing, 16m tho, cua minh ttong viec bao tdn tilng me de.
phak chhay, som phdn, soridon... Cac lan Thy nhien, hien nay, sfl phat ttien cua khoa
dieu nay con dfldc sfl dung tiong bieu dien hpc ki thuat ngay cang cao, vai tio nay da
san khiu Du ke; hat ttong ll cfldi gdm cac khong con phat huy hieu qua va that sU dang
bai hat Md rao, Bupc chi. Cat hoa eau. Cat bi mai mdt. Nhflng ldi ru, tilng kd' chuyen
toe... Cac bai thfldng gan vdi mdi nghi thflc khdng con dfldc nghe ttong sinh hoat cfla
ttong ll cfldi truyen thdng cua ngfldi Khmer. tflng gia dinh nfla ma chi con xuit hien ttSn
Dae biet, hinh thflc hat ru da tflng la mot the mdt sd dai truyln hinh bang tilng Khmer vdi
loai rat gan gui va gan bo tiong ddi sdng cua hinh thflc la bieu dien nghe thuat phuc vu vui
ngUdi Khmer trUdc day. Nhflng ngfldi me, chdi, giai tti. Theo ket qua 6 dia ban khao
ngfldi ba thdng qua ldi hat ru mang dam tinh sat, 100% cac ddi tfldng dieu tta khang dinh
chit dan gian cung vdi gia tti giao due cao khdng con siit dung hinh thflc hat ru hay k^
da truyln vao long nhflng ngUdi con, ngUdi chuyen ttong cham soc, nuoi day con, chau
chau bai hpc van hoa, dao dflc vd cung quy nfla. Ddng thdi, 100% y kiln cung cho rang
viec bao tdn va phat huy tieng me de la cin
gia cua dan tpc.
thilt, ttong do c6 67.53% y kiln cho rang
Rieng ddi vdi van hpc dan gian, ngUdi rit cin thilt. Nhfl vay cac ddi Uldng phu nfl
Khmer sut dung lUu truyen thong qua chfl Khmer deu thdng nhit cao ve sfl can thiet
vilt, truyen mieng. Ngfldi Khmer c6 ca mot bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de. 6 dd, dii
kho tang van hpc dan gian rit phong phu viec bao tdn va phat huy thong qua hinh thflc
ca ve the loai lln dl tai, tiong dd c6 nhflng hat ru, ke' chuyen khong con phd biln trong
chuyen ke dfldc hp sfl dung mang giattivan dieu kien hien nay nhUng vin dfldc nhflng
h6a va giao due cao. Nhflng cau chuyen phan ngUdi phu nfl Khmer ttong gia (finh bao ton
anh tim gfldng sang ttong cupc sdng xa hoi va phat huy thdng qua nhieu hinh thflc khac
Khmer; giai thich cac hien tfldng tU nhien, ten phu hdp hdn.
gpi cua dia phUdng, ddng thflc vat; chuyen
ke noi ve ngudn gdc cua cac ngay ll truyen
thdng nhu Choi Chnam Thmay, Sel Dolta, Ok

Om Bok... Die'm dac biet cua nhflng chuyen B. Qua viec tap ndi vd day hoc cho con, chau
ke la CO nhflng tuyin nhan vat thien va ac,
Tre sd sinh bat dau hpc ngdn ngfl tfl khi
tdt va xau dUdc phan biet ro ret, phan anh y con ttong bung me. Tieng ndi cua me la mdt
chi va nguyen vpng cua nhan dSn lao dong, ttong nhflng am thanh ndi bat nhit ma thai
ddng thdi phe phan nhflng thdi hu, tat xiu...; nhi nghe dfldc. Dieu nay cho thiy, vai tix)
each sfl dung cau tfl mang dac trflng van hoa dac biet quan ttpng cua ngfldi mettongviec
va phong each, cua ngfldi Khmer. Nhflng ciu bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de thong qua
UTJC ngfl phap, cau tfl gin gui, binh di tao nen viec tap ndi cho con. Su lUa chpn ngdn ngfl
ve dep ki dieu tiong ngdn ngfl tilng me de nao de day tre la mdt ttong nhflng ylu td rit
cua ngfldi Khmer.
quan tipng, no anh hUdng va tac dong manh
Thong qua viec hat ru hay ke chuyen, me din dfla tie ttong qua ttinh tilp thu va
ngfldi phu nfl Khmer khdng chi the hien vai tap ndi ngdn ngfl cua minh. Tfl do, no hinh
tio cua minh tiong giao due, nuoi day con thanh y thflc lUa chpn ngon ngfl cua mot diia
cai ma con gop phan luu truyen tieng me de tte khi Idn len. Ket qua dieu tta, khao sat
cua minh. Tflng cau tfl tiong ldi hat, chuyen bang phfldng phap quan sat cho thay khi giao
33


TAP c m KHOA H p c TRUONG DAI HQC T-RA VINH. SU J J, THANG 03 N A M 2019

tiep, nhflng tte em ngUdi Khmer ndi tilng
phd thdng (tilng Viet), khdng biet ndi tilng
me de thudng kho hoa nhap hdn ttong nhom
ban be la ngUdi Khmer ciang hang xom cua
minh. Dong thdi, y thflc ve viec tham gia
hpc tieng me de cung kem hdn so vdi tte
em ngUdi Khmer khac bilt ndi tieng me de.
Dilu nay cd the' anh htidng din viec giao tilp

trong cac hoat dong cong ddng, qua dd anh
hudng den viec bao tdn va phat huy cac gia
tti van hoa truyln thdng tdt dep cua dan tpc,
ttong do CO tilng me de.
Mflc dp sut dung tieng me de thUdng xuyen
CO sfl giam dan qua cac thi he. Mac du vay, ti
le nhflng ddi tfldng Ifla chpn ngdn ngfl tilng
me de cua minh de' day con, chau vin kha
cao, chiem 89.31%, sd con lai Ida chpn tilng
Viet. Hiu hit cac hd gia dinh thuoc dia ban
dieu tta diu cd cac thanh vien ttong gia tfinh
ndi dUdc tilng Khmer, mot sd it sfl dung tilng
Viet de giao tiep, nhieu nhit la d phudng 7,
tilp den lin lUdt la ip Sa Binh thudc xa Long
Diic va phudng 1. Kit qua lUa chpn ngdn
ngfl day con, chau cua cac ddi tfldng dUdc
the hien qua Hinh 2.
Nhu vay, tilng me de vin dUdc phu nfl
Khmer Ida chpn de day con, qua do the hien
dUdc vaittocua minh ttong bao tdn tilng me
de. liiy ttong qua ttinh cong cU, lam an vdi
mdt sd dan tpc khac nhU Kinh, Hoa, phu nfl
Khmer sfl dung tilng Viet la ngon ngfl chinh
de giao tiep nhUng ttong gia diah hp vin cd
sfl lUa chpn ngon ngfl me de nuoi day con
chau. Doi vdi hp, viec day tilng me de ngay
tfl thud Ipt long la viec de dang bdi hp vdn
da sfl dung tieng me de la ngon ngfl giao tilp
hang ngay ttong gia dinh. Nham giup cho cac
thi he khdng bi quSn lang di tieng me de cua

minh, phu nfl Khmer da thudng xuyen nuoi,
day con, khuyen khich cac thanh vien gia
dinh tham gia hpc tap, ttau ddi ngdn ngfl me
de thSng qua cac hoat dong tiong ddi sdng
nhu tro chuyen hang ngay; dan con, chau di
chua tham gia cac hoat dong le hoi va khuyen
khich con chau xem, nghe chUdng ttinh tieng
Khmer tten cac kenh thdng tin truyen thong.
Bdi hp nhan thflc dUdc rang ldi ich cua viec
giao tilp bang tilng me de giup cho bdn than
cung nhu con chau ttong gia dinh hie'u biet

VAN H 6 A - GlAO DUC - NGH$ T H U A T

them ve vdn van hoa cua ddn tdc, ddng thdi
giup cac thanh vien gia dinh de hoa nhap hdn
ttong cong ddng cua dan t6c minh.
C. Tdng cudng trdch nhiem, nhan thiic cua
edng ddng ngudi Khmer
Can nang cao nhan thflc, ttach nhiem cua
cong ddng ve vin de bao tdn va phat huy gia
tti van hoa dan tdc ndi chung va ve tilng me
de ndi rieng. Dac biet, ngfldi phu nfl Khmer
vdi vai tto nuoi, day con, chau la chinh, la
ngUditinictilp giao due va c6 anh hudng moi
mat din cac thi he tiong gia dinh cin phai
tfl nSng cao nhan thflc cua minh ve vai tto,
ttach nhiem tten.
Chu the hudng thu cac gia tii van hoa
dan tdc, ttong do cd tilng me de cua ngUdi

Khmer, phin Idn chinh la cong ddng ngUdi
Khmer, dac biet la cac thi he con, chau. Vi
thi, nlu ban than hp khdng nhan thflc, khong
CO sfl thu hfldng tdt, khdng thay dfldc gia tti
van hoa quy gia nay cua chinh c6ng ddng
minh thi gia tti vl ngon ngfl - tieng me de,
ke ca gia tii ve van hoa, kinh tl hay xa hdi
cung se din mat di. Do do, de' bao tdn va phat
huy tilng me de cua chinh dan tpc minh, ban
than hp phai that sfl cd nhan thflc tdt.
Kit qua khao sat cho thay edng ddng ngfldi
Khmer ndi chung va ddi tfldng ngfldi phu nfl
Khmer 6 dia ban dieu tta noi rieng ludn c6
nhan thflc, tfldng ddi tdt ddi vdi vin dl bao
tdn va phat huy tilng me de. O do, phu nfl
ddng vai tto la ngUdi trflc tilp tham gia giao
due, day dd con chau nhieu hdn so vdi nam
gidi tiong gia dinh. Thy nhien, vin dl han
chi cua nhflng ngfldi phu nfl Khmer 6 day
ndi chung ve tiinh dp hpc vin cung tihfl hieu
bilt ve vdn ngon ngfl me de vin con 6 mflc
thap hdn so vdi nam gidi. Hp chi dflng lai
d bilt ndi, giao tiep tieng me de la chu yeu,
ve vdn tfl va sd ngfldi biet vilt tilng me de
cua minh chilm ti le rit kem. Vi the, hp that
sfl chfla phat huy mot each ttiet de' vai tto
cua minh ttong giao due, day dd con, chdu
cung tham gia bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de
thong qua giao due, giao tilp, sfl dung tilng
me de cua hp tiong gia dinh va cong ddng.

Khac phuc vin dl nay, cin phai tang cUcing
nang cao sU hieu biet, ttinh dp cua ngfldi phu


TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRUCtNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 33, THANG 03 N A M 2019

• Tieng Khmer
• Tieng Viet

Phii&i^l Phu!cmg7 Phucfng 8 Phudng 9 ApSa Binh
Hinh 2: Ngdn ngfl dau tien ddi tfldng dieu tra lUa chpn de' day con, chau

nfl Khmer vl vdn ngon ngfl, chfl vilt me de
cua minh. De' thflc hien giai phap nay, ban
than hp phai tfl no Iflc ttau ddi ttinh dp ve D. Doi vdi cdc cap dan vi quan li d
vdn ngdn ngfl, chfl vilt tieng me de cua minh dia phuong
thong qua cac hinh thflc tU hpc tai nha hoac
Tilp tuc ra soat va quan ttiet sdu sac cac
tham gia cac Idp hpc tai chua, cac cd sd dao quan diem, chi dao va thflc hien c6 hieu qua
tao,... Cac thanh vien ttong gia dinh, cung chinh sach, Nghi quyet,... cua Dang va Nha
nhu cong ddng ngfldi Khmer cin phai luon nfldc ve cong tac bao tdn va phat huy tieng
tao dilu kien, phan cong lao ddng theo gidi me de.
ttong gia dinh hay sinh hoat cong ddng cho
Tao dilu kien thuan ldi vl mpi mat de phu
phu hdp nham giflp hp ed nhilu thdi gian nfl Khmer d dia phfldng minh phat huy hieu
hdn trong tham gia nang cao tiinh dp tilng qua vai tto cua ban than ttong tham gia c6ng
me de. Ddi vdi chinh quyin dia phUdng, cin tac bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de. Dong thdi
cd nhflng chinh sach, cd che thich hdp, phu xay dflng, dao tao Iflc Ifldng can bp nfl Khmer
hdp vdi dieu kien dia phUdng nham khuyin ngay cang khoe manh ve the' Iflc va tinh thin,
khich, dong vien hp tham gia hpc tap, trau

nang cao ttinh dp chuyen mdn, chinh tti va
ddi. Cia the, d dia ban ip Sa Binh, do diem nghiep vu nham giup hp phat huy hieu qua
chua kha xa so vdi khu vflc sinh sdng cua hp vai tto cua minh trong tham gia giao due,
(thfldng ngUdi Khmer d dia ban nay phai di day dd con chau ttong gia dinh, ke ca vai tto
den chiia Ong Met, trung tam thanh phd Tra bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de thong qua day
Vinh), do do day cung la mot rao can kha con tap ndi, giao tilp tieng me de tiong gia
Idn cua cong ddng ngfldi Khmer noi chung, dinh, cong ddng, tac ddng nhan thflc sau sac
phu nfl Khmer ndi rieng tham gia hpc tap din thi he tre dan tpc minh vl van dl tten.
tieng me de hay tham chi sinh hoat ton giao
Day manh cong tac tuyen truyln trong tap
tai chua. Cd nen chang tai dia phfldng nen cd
mot Idp hpc rieng giflp phu nfl Khmer vfla huan, hdi thao, bao chi, truyen hinh va cac
an tam tham gia cham lo ddi sdng gia dinh hoat dong khac vl vin dl chinh sach dan
vfla CO the' tham gia hpc tap va khuyin khich tpc, bao tdn va phat huy gia tti van hoa dan
con chau tham gia hpc tap tilng me de tai tpc; binh dang gidi ttong cong ddng ngfldi
Khmer.


TAP c m KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC T R A VINH SO 33. THANG 03 N AM 2019

Tien hanh sd k i t danh gia kit qua ttien
khai theo dinh ki, td chiic kiem tta giam sat
thflc hien cac k l hoach chiln Ifldc, chfldng
ttinh chinh sach, nghi quylt, nghi dinh cua
Chinh phu ve cac v i n d l tten. Tong kit thflc
tiln de dieu chinh, bd sung va c6 bien phap
tdt hdn nham thflc hien c6 hieu qua cac muc
tieu bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de cua
ngfldi Khmer, dac biet la chfl ttpng den nang
cao vai tto cua phu nfl Khmer ttong tham

gia bao tdn va phat huy tieng me de dan
tdc minh.

Nguyen Thi Hue. Tinh hinh sit dung ngSn ngfl cua
ngUcii Khmer tai Tra Vinh Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng
Dai hoc Trd Vinh. 2008;9:56-65.
Nguyen Thi Hue. Tom tit luan an tien sT Tiep xiic
ngon ngS gifla tieng Khmer vdi ti^ng Viet (trUdng hdp
tinh Tra Vinh) Tap chi Khoa hoc Xd hoi va Nhdn
vdn. 201 l;p. 34-42.
Hoang Quoc. Tinh hinh sii dung ngon ngii trong
giao tiep cua cac dSn toe thieu s6 tai d6ng bang
song Cu!u Long Tap chi Ngon ngS vd Ddi sSng.
2015;i(231):60-^8. *
Nguyen C6ng Diic, Dinh Ltf Giang. Vai gdi y ve
chinh sach ngon ngii! d cong dong Khmer Nam Bo.
Tap chi Ngdn nga vd Ddi song. 2011;7(189):7-12. ,
Phong Dan toe, UBND thanh pho Tra Vinh. Tong kit
chinh sach ddn toe tren dia bdn Thanh phS Trd Vinh
giai doan 2011 - 2015; 2015,
T\i€ Van.
Day tieng Khmer cho hpc
sinh dan tpc Khmer, 2015.
Truy cSp tfl:
http7/baochinhphu.vn/Chinh-sach-moi/Day-tiengKhmer-cho-hoc-sinh-dan-toc-Khmer/l 99408 vgp
[Ngay truy cap: 25/9/2018],
Ho Xuan Mai. Nang lUc song ngfl cua hoc sinh Khmer
(Khao sat d tinh Sdc Trang va Tra Vinh). Tap chi
Khoa hpc Xd hpi TP HCM. 2013;2(174):59-66.
Thach Thi Dan. Si/ cdn thiet cua til dien song ngS Viet

- Khmer, Khmer - Viet. Tap chi Khoa hpc TrUdng
Dai hpc Trd Vinh. 2017;25:35-39

V. KET LUAN
Nghien cflu vai tio cua phu nfl Khmer
ttong bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de thong
qua trfldng hdp thanh phd Tra Vinh, chung
toi nhan thiy: ttong xu hudng giao lUu va
hoi nhap hien nay, cang ngay cang it ngfldi
Khmer sfl dung tilng me de ttong giao tilp,
sinh hoat hang ngay. Vi vay, ngUdi phu nfl
Khmer cd vi tti quan ttpng ttong viec ti^yln
day tieng me de ttong cong ddng ngUbi
Khmer. Cho den nay, phu nfl Khmer van la
ngUdi tham gia tnic tiep sinh hoat gia dinh,
cd tac dong va anh hUdng nhilu den viec lUa
chpn ngon ngfl ttong giao tiep, ttong sinh
hoat eua con, chau va tham gia kha nhieu
vi tii quan ttpng tiong cac hoat dong xa hoi
va cong ddng. Viec truyen day tieng me de
cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer Nam Bp dfldc thflc
hien qua nhilu hinh thflc khac nhau nhU hat
ru, ke chuyen, tap noi cho con chau, day con
chau hpc, hay qua cac nghi ll dan tdc. Viec
truyen day tilng me de cua ngUdi phu nfl
Khmer Nam Bp gdp phin quan trpng ttong
cong tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van
hoa cua dan tpc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]


Hoang Ba Thinh. Gido trinh Xd hoi hpc vi gidi. Ha
Noi: Nha Xuat ban Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi; 2014.

[2]

Tran Thi Xuan Lan. Phu nfi nong thon trong phat
trien kinh le c6ng dong
Tap chi Xd hoi hoc.
2013;3{123):44-50.
Dtfdng Thi Minh. Gia dinh Viet Nam va vai tro ngilcJi
phu nff hien nay [Luan an Tien si]. Hpc vien Chinh
tri Quoc gia TP. HCM, 2003.
H 6 Xuan Mai. V^ net ve tieng Khmer Nam Bo
(trUclng hdp 6 tinh Soc Trang va Tra Vinh) Tap chi
Khoa hoc'xa hoi TP HCM. 20I2;12(172):43-54.

[3]

[4]

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