Tac dong cua toan cau hoa den dir luan xa hoi
vung dan toe thieu so a Viet Nam'
Phan Tan'''
LeThiThiiyLy'"»
Tom tat: Ki tir khi dat nuac bat ddu tien hdnh cong cugc Doi moi (ndm 1986), hgi nhap,
tgdn cdu hoa da tdc dgng ngay cang Ian den dai song kinh ti, vdn hoa vd xd hoi viing
ddn tgc thieu so (DTTS) cung nhu birc tranh du luan xd hgi (DLXH) ngi day qua viec lam
thay doi nhirng thuc hdnh lien quan cua ngirdi ddn. Kit qud khao sdt thuc dia ciia chung
toi cho thdy, nguai ddn vimg DTTS da khong ngimg md rgng nhirng vdn de quan tdm ciia
minh trong boi cdnh mdi. vd - bang phuong tien truyen thdng ky thuat sd - ho da bdy to
dugc vai nhieu nguai hon, d nhieu noi. vdo nhieu thai diem vd theo nhieu cdch thuc da
dgng han vi diiu hg mudn the hien.
Tir khoa: Du luan xa hgi, Toan cau hoa, Dan tgc thieu so, Viet Nam
Abstract: Since Doi moi (Renovation) in 1986, integration and globalization has made an
increasingly large impact on the economic, cultural and social life of the ethnic minorities
and the public opinion therein reflected by relevant practical changes of the local people.
Thefieldwork results show that ethnic minorities have continually raised more concerns
in a new context and thanks to digital media, shared with more people, in more places, at
more times and in more diverse ways what they want to express.
Key words: Public Opinion, Globalization, Ethnic Minorities, Vietnam
Mff dau
6 Viet Nam cd 53 DTTS. Theo Nghi
dinh s6 05/2011/ND-CP ngay 14/01/2011

cua Chinh phii ve cong tac dan tgc, viing
DTTS la dia ban co dong cac DTTS ciing
sinh s6ng 6n dinh thanh cong dong tren
lanh tho dat nude.
Tren tinh thin xac dinh hgi nhap kinh
I Bai viet la ket qua cua De tai khoa hoc cap Nha nuoc jg ]^ ^rgng tam dh til do md rgng ra cac linh
"NhQng v ^ de ly litan v& Ihuc tien ve dti luan xa hgi

, ,',
, . , , -. „ . - „ , •• . •_ '•,
• •. J- .- . 1 - '
.• . ^
uJ- • L. • vue khac, qua trmh hoi nhap vol toan cau
0 viing dan tgc thieu so nuoc ta trong boi canh toan
,' ^
•,
•i
a u h6a". Ma s6: CTDT.37.18/16-20, do TS Phan da dua den nhimg chuyen bien manh me ve
Tan chu nhiem, Hgc vien Khoa hoc xa hgi chu tri.
kinh te \"a tiep do la ve xa hgi va van hoa d
i''TS , Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xS hoi, Vien Han lam Viet Nam. DaC biet, Vtmg DTTS, viing niii
Khoa hgc x3 hgi Viet Nam;
^^^ ^
^^^ ^ ^ ^^ t „ ^ chimg nhu se
Email: phantanxh@gmail com
kho khan vdi tien trinh hgi nhap thi cung da
..,, Vicn Nghien cuu VSn hoa, Vien Han lam
. ,
,;.
»- . t ..
CO nhieu
nhieu thay
doi, trong
trong do co nhung thay
Khoa hgc xa hgi vi?t Nam;
CO
thay doi,
Email:

dm v^ buc tranh DLXH.


22

,-:oiO
ThOng hn Khoa hgc xa hot. sO 6.

1. Vai net ve vung dan tgc thieu sodiroi tac \ a nhihig he hi\ cua vigc chuyen doi cc< caU
d9ng cua toan cau hoa
cay tr6ng cho muc dich \iia! khau dan den
\'ung DTTS Viet Nam chia se bdi canh vice ngudi dan viing DTTS tai cho nial tu
chung vdi eac \TJng mien khac khi Jdi nude iieii san xuat. Thir hai. mat trai tir sy ( iutu
day manh hgi nhap. Dac biet ke tir khi Doi don dap ciia cac tap doan kinh ic ben ngoai
mdi. \'ici Nam la mgt trong nhihig nude vao cae viing DTTS gay anh hudng l»Jn toi
dang phat trien nhan dugc nhieu du an vc moi tnrdng s6ng noi day ca ve mat ty nhien
kinh te va van hoa - xa hgi do nude ngoai va va xa hgi. khiln cho tinh Uang 6 nhiem
cac to chuc quoe te lai trg ma viing DTTS (iliit. khong khi. nguon nude...), benh t^t,
chinh la dich den ciia mgt sd lugng du an te ngn xa hgi... gia tang. Thu ba, viC'cdi cu
6 at len vimg cao thiic day mau thuan tgc
dang ke trong so do.
Ngudi dan viing DTTS da don nhan ca ngudi do kha nang ty bao ve ciia ngudi dan
hai dong ehay Idn nhat ciia toan eau hoa: tge tai cho con ban ehe (lien quan den von
loan cau hoa vi- kinh te va loan eau hoa ve kinh tc. von xa hgi...), khien viing DTTS co
nhieu bat on. Thir tu, boi canh mdi khien
van hoa.
* vi kmh tc: Toan cau hoa da lam thay eho CO hgi nghe nghiep ciia ngirdi dan vimg
doi CO ban boat dgng kinh le eua Viet Nam DTTS tai eho khong nhieu, vi nhin chung
noi chung va vi the, no cung dan den sy hg khong phai luon co du trinh do, ky nang,
grin kci cua thi tnrdng vimg DTTS vdi kinh nghiem... de dap ung. Thir ndm, nang

thj tmdng quoc te ve hang hoa, dich vy, luc thj tnrdng thap khien ngudi dan viing
tai chinh - tien te... Dieu nay mang lai ca DTTS CO nguy co tut hau khi tham gia vao
nhihig anh hudng tich eye Ian tieu cyc doi nen kinh te toan cau, lam gia tang khoang
each giau ngheo d day.
vdi doi song ciia ngudi dan viing DTTS.
Nhihig mat tich cyc co the ke den la: Thir
nhdt, kinh te ciia vimg DTTS co dieu kien
hgi nhap vdi the gidi ben ngoai, md rgng
CO hgi tim kiem thi Uudng va thu hiit v6n
dau tu. Thir hai, sy hgi nhap vao nen kinh
t£ toan cau dem den kha nang khai thae mgt
each hieu qua the manh ciia timg dia phuong
cho sy phat trien (vi du nhu thi manh \e san
pham du Ueb. ve cac mat hang nong nghiep
tmyen thong...). Thir ba, xu the toan cau hoa
d^c biet md ra trien vgng Idn cho cac dia
phuong trong viec tiep thu nhimg thanh tyu
\-^ khoa hgc - cong nghe hien dai de "di tat
don dau". nit ng jn dugc khoang each phat
triin vdi cac khu vuc khac.

* Ve vdn hoa: Toan cau hoa thiic day su
giao luu giiia cac he gia tri van hoa tren the
gidi vdi he gia tri van hoa dan tgc. N6 tao
dieu kien cho nhimg he gia tri van boa mdi
tir ben ngoai du nhap, dan den vice ngudi
dan vira tiep thu eae chuan mye/gia tri mdi,
vira danh gia/lua chgn lai cac chuan myc/
gia tri cii trong cac ITnh vuc ciia ddi song
x5 hgi, dilu nay da gop phan lam thay d6i

van hoa eiia nhieu tgc ngudi, nhieu viing
mien. Dac biet, boi canh toan cau hoa khien
ngudi dan viing DTTS cd co hgi tiep xijc
vdi cac he tu tudng khac nhau tren the gioj
dan den viec nhin nhan lai cae ngon thuygt
lien quan den tien hoa luan, qua do lam hg
Ben canh do. toan cau boa cung khien eo y thirc eao hon/khac di ve van de tgc
\-ung DTTS Viet Nam phai doi mat vdi mgt ngudi, van de dan chii - nhan quyen...
s6 vin de. Thii nhdt, sy thuc da\ khai thac
Cung nhu anh hudng ciia toan ciy
lai ngu\ en cho mue dich eong nghiep hoa boa kinh te, anh hudng ciia toan cau h6a


TAcddng ciin..

\an hoa doi vdi ngudi dan vimg DTTS co
tinh da chieu. Ben canh vi?c nen van boa
cua moi dan tgc co co hgi Ian tda ra ben
ngoai eung nhu tilp nhan nhihig yeu to ben
ngoai de lam phong phii cho chinh minh,
ngudi dan viing DTTS ciing phai doi mat
vdi nhOng nguy co ma tieu bieu la nguy co
xoa nhoa cac duong bien van hoa dan den
xung dot giira cac nen van hoa va nguy co
hi "hoa tan".
2. Tac dgng cua toan cau hoa den du- luan
xa hgi ciia ngirdi dan
Trong hoi canh viing DTTS chiu tac
dgng manh me ciia toan cau hoa, du luan
xa hgi eua ngudi dan noi day ciing chiu

tac dgng dang ke. Dudi day la mgt so ghi
n h ^ cua chiing toi trong qua trinh dien da
d 11 tinh thanh tir Bac vao Nam thugc vimg
DTTS trong khuon kho De tai khoa hgc cap
Nha nude "Nhung van de ly luan va thuc
tien ve du luan xa hgi d vimg dan tgc thieu
so nude ta trong boi canh toan cau hoa"'.
2.1. Phuong tien truyen thdng - mgt
trong nhimg cong cu dua ngudi ddn vung
ddn tgc thieu so budc vdo toan cdu hoa
Trong so cac phuong tien truyen thong
ma ngudi dan co the tiep can, chung toi
tap trung phan tieh hai kenh quan trgng la
truyin hinh va Internet - nhiing phuong
ti?n da dua the gidi den gan hon vdi ngudi
dan d viing DTTS va vi the co vi tri quan
trgng trong ddi song DLXH noi day.

' D^ t^i da tri£n khai khao sat tren dja ban 11 tinh
c6 dong dong bao DTTS sinh sfing (gom: Lang
Son, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Son La, Nghe An, Kon
Turn, Dak Lak. Ninh T h u ^ , Binh Phuac, Tra Vinh,
Kien Giang) vdri 3.283 bang hoi, 550 phong vdn
sau. Khio sAt d u ^ thvc hi?n trong thoi gian 2 nam
2018-2019. Cac s6 li?u, bang bi^u trinh bay trong
bii v\k lay tir ket qua khao sat thuc tk cua Be tai.
Cic y kien ph6ng v4n sau dugc trich dan tir ftr lieu
di^n da cua De tai.

23

Khao sat cua chiing toi cho tha\-, truyen
hinh la mgt ttong nhimg kenh quan trgng
hang dau hien nay ddi vdi ngudi dan cac
khu \-uc nay trong \ iec tim kiem thong tin
(72,6% ngudi dugc khao sat tiep can thong
tin qua kenh nay).
Theo nghien cuu ciia C. Baker (2008).
truyen hinh la phuong tien truyen thong
nam trong moi quan tam ciia cong chiing
tren the gidi. Con theo ket qua nghien cuu
ciia chiing toi, hien nay d Viet Nam, truyen
hinh van dang ehiem mgt vi tri dac biet y
nghia trong viec tiep can thong tin cua ngudi
dan viing DTTS, giiip ngudi dan tiep can
vdi ca nhiing van de vugt len tren bien gidi
quoc gia. Sy hien dien pho bien ciia chiee
tivi trong cac gia dinh da khien truyen hinh
trd thanh kenh truyen thong giii vj tri quan
trgng trong ddi song tinh than thudng nhat
cua ngudi dan noi day Mgt phan dang ke
nhd do ma ngudi dan vimg DTTS khong
con d trong tinh trang thieu thong tin tir cac
phuong tien truyen thong dai chiing, ke ca
trong tnrdng hgp hg khong biet chii (vi "bao
hinh" dap ung dugc nhu cau thong tin ciia
ca nhiing ngudi mil chir). Trong cae chuong
trinh truyen hinh, thoi sir (bao gom ca thdi
su quoc te) la mgt trong nhiing chuong trinh
dugc yeu thich cua rat nhieu ngudi dan d
vimg DTTS. Ngoai ra, cac kenh truyen hinh

phai tra phi ciing khong eon xa la vdi nhihig
gia dinh d vimg tnmg tam, hoac nhiing gia
dmh cd dieu kien kha gia d vimg ngoai vi.
Internet cung la kenh quan trgng trong
viec tim kiem, trao doi thong tin cua ngudi
dan vung DTTS. Du chua phii song hoan
toan d vimg nay, nhung Internet da dugc
sir dyng bdi hon 1/3 so ngudi dugc hoi
(38,2%), trong sd dd 76,3% truy cap nhieu
hon 1 ISn/ngay, 16,9% truy cap 1 lan/3-4
ngay; so ngudi ca tuan mdi truy cap mgt Ian
chi ehiem 6,8%. So vdi kSt qua nghien cim


ThOng tin Khoa hgc xa hOI ^^ "
Ciia D. Trend hon mgt thap nien trude, khi
phin Idn cac tgc ngudi khong thugc phuong
Ta\ va da so dan cu tren the gidi van chua
the su dung Internet do "thi^u ti^n, ihi^u sy
tiep can hoac khong cd kien thirc" (Trend.
2005: 2), thi con sd nay d vimg DTTS Viet
Nam hign nay la rat dang ke.
Mfie dii con cd nhimg tranh cii, nhung
Internet dugc xem nhu mgt khong gian
eiia sy dan chii hoa (Poster. 1997). Tnrdc
het, no t^o dieu ki?n cho sy luu hanh thdng
tin va doi thoai. Sau n&a, do dac tinh sieu
van ban khi \-an ban nay dan dai den van
ban khac bdi cac duong lien ket dien tii.
no khien dgc gia co tinh tich cyc (Landow.

2005). Tat ca nhihig dieu do deu gan vdi sy
dan chu, vi ty do thong tin luon la "hon da
tang" ciia dan chu. Tren thye te. vdi viec
md ra nhihig co hgi mdi trong doi thoai da
phucmg, Internet da tao ra mot khong gian
ty do eho ddi song du luan ciia ngudi dan
Vi?t Nam noi ehung va ngudi dan viing
DTTS noi rieng. Internet tao co hgi cho
tat ca mgi ngudi duge tiep can va chia se
thong tin, khong phan biet sac toe, dan tgc,
gidi tinh, tuoi tac, nghe nghiep, dia vi xa
hgi... Diing nhu nhan dinh cua S. Sassen
(2002), Intemet chinh la mgt phuong tien
trung gian de nhiing ngudi thudng bi xem
la "khong phai tinh hoa" dong gop vao mgt
xa hgi dan sy dan ehii ban. Noi each khac,
no cho phep tat ea cac nhom bi loai trir
tham gia vao cae qua trinh dan chii.
De tmy cap Intemet. so lieu khao sat ciia
chiing toi cho thay, ngudi dan chii >eu su
dyng dien thoai thong minh (smartphone)
thay vi cac thiet h\ khac, khong ehi vi no
CO su "hgi ty cong nghe" (da chiic nang),
ma con vi no thuan ticn trong vice sir dung.
Trong so 83,7% thong tin vien cho biet co
su dung di?n thoai, co Idi mgt nira sii dyng
di?n thoai thdng minh, va hSu het nhung

20S0


ngudi sir dung Internet eiing la nhihig ng
su dung dien thoai thong minh (937 vDien tho^i thong minh thyc ic van la m
thii tai san kha co gia tri %di nhieu ngiroi
dan vimg DTTS 6 \iing ngoai vi. vi'-'^^'j^
duge mgt chiec dien tho^i thong minh la
mgt sy c6 gang nhSt djnh: Dien thogi cua
tdi mua trd gop hdng thdng Da ' " " ^ / ' ^
dugc ddu. thdng ndm tram ngdn! .^g'^^'
cd minh phdi co chu, ngudi ta mua duac
minh cang phdi mua dugc. Thai buoi nay
Id thoi hudi cong ngh4 md (nam, 40 tuoi,
ngudi M'Nong. xa Yang Tao, huyen Lak,
tinh Dak Lak). Ngugc lai, d khu vye trung
tam, dien thoai thong minh het siic pho
bien, va viec khong co no se bj xem la mgt
sy I?: Bdy gia md khong dung no thi co ma
khong binh thuong dl (nam, 40 tu6i, ngudi
Niing, thi tran That Khe, huyen Trang Djnh,
tinh Lang Son).
Co the noi, bdc d-anh DLXH d vimg
DTTS hien nay lien quan nhieu den nhftng
dieu kien ve trayen thong khi ma sy giao
lim vdi the gidi ben ngoai dan tgc, ngoai
dia phuong, tham chi ngoai dat nude cua
ngudi dan dugc cai thien.
2.2. Nhimg thay doi ve ngi dung vd hinh
thirc trong du ludn xa hgi viing ddn toe
thieu so
Toan cau hoa tac dgng manh me den qua
trinh hinh thanh DLXH cua vimg DTTS v6

ea ngi dung va hinh thuc.
* Noi dung
Dudi tac dgng ciia toan cau hoa, ngudi
dan viing DTTS Viet Nam khong con chi
gidi han "mo hinh quan tam" d nhimg su
kien, hien tugng cd anh hudng true ti|p
den minh nhu tmdc (Cantril, 1966). Do su
biing n6 cua eong nghe thong tin, ngudi
dan noi day ngay cang quan tam nhieu hem
din nhihig van de xS hgi, khong chi d dia
phuong ma con ca d ngoai pham vi dan tgc


Tic dOng ciia..
dia phucmg, vimg mien, cd the la nhiing
van de rgng Idn mang tinh toan eau nhu 6
nhiem moi truong, khiing bo, buon ngudi
xuyen bien gidi, buon ban hang gia...
0 nhiem moi tnrdng toan cau la van
de dugc ngudi dan de cap kha nhieu. Tuy
nhien, ehiem vi tri quan trgng trong moi
quan tam eua du luan vimg DTTS van la
nhirng van de thiet than cua ngudi dan d
dia phuong, trong d6 noi b^t nhdt chinh la
van de sinh ke: su suy thoai cua dat dai va
nguon nude san xuat do anh hudng ciia 6
nhiem moi truong; tinh trang bi v6 hieu hoa
ciia tri thuc ban dia trong nong nghiep; sy
phu thugc bat kha khang ciia hg gia dinh
vao he thong kinh te ben ngoai; su bat binh

dang trong thu nhap va trong viec tiep can
cdc CO hgi phat trien; viec dugc den bu tu
li?u san xuat chua thoa dang tir cac du an
phat trien... Nhung van de nay it nhieu deu
CO lien quan den cac gia tri mdi - cai duge
hinh thanh bdi toan cau hoa. Trong do, dang
ehii y nhat la nhiing van de lien quan den y
thiic ve quyen con ngudi va tgc ngudi.

25

sat ngudi dan, co the thay: Khi hg cam thSy
can len tieng ve mgt van d^ cua dja phucmg.
hg thudng su dung nhimg each thuc quan
phuong {vi du thong qua cac to chuc chinh
tri - xa hgi). nhung khi qua buc xiic vdi mgt
van de gi do cua dia phuong thi hg se dua
y kien len mang xa hgi. Theo hg, mang xa
hgi la noi ma nhieu ngudi se biet den cau
chuyen hg muon noi, nhd d6 cau chuyen se
Ian xa hon muc ehd doi.
Vi dja diem: D. Croteau va W. Hoynes
(2003) timg nhan djnh, Intemet da pha
tan sy each biet ve mat dja ly giiia nhihig
ngudi tuong tac. DLXH vimg DTTS hien
nay ciing tuong tu, khong eo mgt khong
gian "vat chat" nao ton tai giiia ngudi dua
thong tin va ngudi tiep nh^n, vi khong gian
ao da xoa nhoa mgi ranh gidi: Thai buoi
cong nghe thdng tin rdi, ddu phdi nhu ngdy

xua Anh em bdy gid mudn noi chuyen gi
cung khong cdn phdi tu tap vdi nhau mdi
noi dugc (nam, 53 tuoi, ngudi Thai, to 7, thi
tran Song Ma, Song Ma, Son La).
R.D. Putnam (1995) timg lo ngai rang,
* Hinh thirc
nhiing xu hudng ky thuat dang "rieng tu
Vi doi lugng: Trude day, ngudi dan hoa" hoac "ca nhan hoa" mgt edeb triet de
thudng chi trao doi thong tin vdi nhiing ngudi viee chiing ta sir dung thdi gian ranh roi,
than quen. Nhung hien tai, ben canh nhiing va vi vay cong dong eua chiing ta se trd
moi quan he truyen thdng, nhd Intemet va nen tuy rgng nhung ndng hon. Tuy nhien,
cae phuong tien ky thuat so ma ngudi ta co d nhieu truong hgp nghien cuu cua chiing
the de dang tiep xiic vdi ngudi khac (ke ea toi, ngudi dan khing dinh viee chi gap
nhung ngudi xa la) trong mgt khong gian ao. gd gian tiep qua phuong tien ky thuat so
Noi each khac, Intemet ket noi nhiing con khong lam giam di moi quan he ciia hg vdi
ngudi tir cae nen tang da dang lai vdi nhau. nhiing ngudi khac trong cong dong. Ngugc
M6i ngudi se trd thanh mgt di6m trong mgt lai, tren goc do nao do, no con co the lam
tap hgp lien ket, su trai rgng ciia tap hgp ay cho moi quan he ay gan bo hon: Ai cUng
••\T,rgt xa nhiing gi ma ngudi sir dyng co the ban ran cd, hit viec muu sinh lai den viec
tudng tugng" (Shields, 1996: 7). Vdi nhi^u nhd cua nen cdphdi luc nao cQngggp nhau
tinh nang eiia mang xa hgi, nhung ngudi dugc ddu, chinh nha cai dien thoai md vdn
tham gia vao cac thuc hanh lien quan d^n duy tri dugc su giao tiep thudng xuyen.
du luan se de dang trao d6i, Xhk hien y ki6n Chia se voi nhau dugc nhieu chuyen. cd
vk nhiing van de minh quan tam. Qua khao chung nhiiu moi quan tdm //"' "' ''"^~


26
thief lai con tdng len dy chu! (nir. 35 tu6i.
nguai Ta\, khu 1, thi trin Thdt Khe, Trang
Dinh, Lang Son). Day cung chinh la mgi

dieu kien thuan Igi cho viec tang eudng siic
song ciia cac thyc hanh lien quan d^n du
luan d ngudi dan.
Vi thai diem: Cac phuong tien tni\c'n
thong k> thuat sd da xda di nhieu gidi han
ciia sy tuong tac \e mat thdi gian. hay noi
each khac la xoa di nhieu gidi han \ e nhihig
khoang thdi gian (rieng tu) duac mac dinh
la khong nen tuong tae (gid an. gid ngii,...).
\'icc \am ph^m thdi gian rieng tu ciia ngmn
khac c6 the khong con hi eoi la van de Idn,
bdi ngudi tiep nhan thong tin cd the lya chgn
"dap 1^ thong tin" ngay lap tiic hay khong:
Bdy gid chuyi'n liin lac rat thugn lien, liic
ndo cung dugc chu khong nhu rrrn-L Cd
nhimg viec khong trao ddi sdm de quyet
djnh Id 15 mat thdi diem (nam, 56 tuoi, ngudi
Thai, khu 11, thi trSn Nhrtmg Te, Mudng Te.
Lai Chau).
I '[• cdch thuc: Vdi viec can nhac \'e cac
thong tin trude khi trao doi, chi 21,2% so
ngudi dugc hoi cho biet se trao doi ngay
sau khi nhan duge thong tin, eon 49,4% suy
nghi kT roi mdi trao doi va 27,7% tiiy theo
van de ma quyet dinh (Bang 1). Nhu vay,
CO tdi hon 3/4 sd ngudi duge hoi bgc Id sy
th^n trgng trong \ iec nay. Dieu na> dugc
giai thich rang; Bdy gid ddn tri md mang
han. thong tin lai cd nhiiu nen phdi cdn
nhac, noi gt cung nghi ki rdi moi noi. Nhdt

la khi minh trao doi vdi nguai cua chinh
quyin va dodn the ve nhirng cdi cd lien
quan den quyen Igi ciia ddn tdc minh. minh
khong the ndi bita duac. Day cUng Id trdch
nhiem cong ddn nxia (nam, 61 tuoi, ngudi
Thai, khoi 4. thi tran Tan Lac, Quy Chau,
Nghe An). Khi xem xet viec nay trong moi
tuong quan vdi \ iec sii dung Internet, ed the
thl\ nhihig ngudi su dung Intemet chinh

Thdng Mn Khoa hpc xfi hOt ^-^ °

OQSO

la nhihig ngudi can nhac th^n ttgng hem c
trong vigc trao doi thong tin (xem Bang
Bang I:Thdidii-m trao d6i nhOng'hfing""
qiinn trpng sau khi tiep nh^nj^^
C6sO'
dyng
Internet

Khong
su dyng ChunS
Intemet

1. Trao doi ngay

12,9


26,3

2. Suy nghT kt roi
mis'i trao doi

57,8

44.2

49,4

3. Tiiy vjio limg iogi
lin. vin de m i suy
nghT kT ho?ic trao
dot ngay

28.6

27,2

27,7

4. Khdc

0,7

2,2

i,6


Khi khong dong y vdi each giai quyet
ciia can bg xa/thi trdn trong mgt van de cu
th^ (cau hoi cho phep chgn nhieu dap an),
55,7% ngudi dugc hoi chgn giai phap thao
luan, tranh luan de tim ra cai diing, 55,0%
chgn giai phap dua van de ra xin y kien
d cac euge hgp thon/ban/buon/ap, 20,2%
chgn giai phap tap hgp mgi ngudi xung
quanh de ciing giai quyet, 12,1% ebon giai
phap viet don to cao, chi 8,7% chgn giai
phap phan doi gay gat bang Idi noi va 0,6%
ehgn giai phap dimg via luc (Bang 2). Khi
khong d6ng y vdi each giai quyet cua can bg
d thon/ban/buon/ap, sy lya chgn ciia ngudi
dan cung gan tuong ty. Trong do, nhGng
ngudi sir dung Intemet to ra san sang hon
vdi tat ea cae giai phap, trir giai phap bat
hgp phap la dimg vu luc.
D£ cac cip chinh quyen biet den y y^^
eiia minh, cac each thuc chinh ciia nguai
dan la di xuSt thong qua cac kenh nhu can
bg thon/ban/buon/ap tren dia ban (82%)
ngudi CO uy tin trong cong dong sinh s6ng
(48,4%), cac to chirc chinh tri - xS hgi nhy
doan thanh nien, hgi phu nir, hgi eyu chign
binh... (42,5%). Cac each thuc dugc ngufj,
dan sir dung it hon la: de xuat thong qua c^c


TacdOngcua..


27

thay. each thiic de xuat y ki^n
eiia ngudi dan nhin chung kha
phong phu. Dac biet, nhimg
Co sii
Khong
ngydi su dyng Intemet - mgt lan
dung
sir dung Chung
niia - co su sin sang dang ke hon
Intemet Intemet
nhung ngudi khac hong \'iec lya
I. Thao luan, tranh luan cimg
61,5
52,2
55,7
chgn cac each thiic da dang dh
cdn bp de lim ra cai dung
2 T i p hgfp mpi nguai xung
phan anh nhung y kien cua minh
22,0
19,1
20,2
quanh de ciing giai quyet
tdi cae cap chi'nh quyen (xem
3. Phan d6i gay g^t b^ng Icri noi
10,6
7,5

8.7
Bang 3).
4. Dua vdn d^ ra xin y l52,8
58,5
55,0
Cd the noi, trong boi canh
CUQC hpp th&n/ban
loan cau boa, nhiing ngudi dan
5. Viet dem ichi^u nai, t6 cdo
16.3
9,6
12.1
6. Diing siic manh/vQ l^c d l giai
viing DTTS ma chiing toi tiep
0,4
1.0
0,6
quy^t
can hoc 16 kha ro su y thiic ve
7. Khong phdn irng gi, chap
15,3
29,1
quyen va traeh nhiem eiia minh
23,8
nh$n tuan theo
trong vi?e ean nhic trude khi
cugc bducu dia phuong bang phieu (29,7%),
trao d6i thdng tin, trong viec
de dat tryc tiep tai cae eo quan cong quyen ling xu khi khong dong y vdi kSt qua giai

(23,1%), de dat bang van ban (don, thu) len quyet (hay each giai quyet) ciia ean bg
cac cap chinh quyen theo trinh ty (16,8%). chinh quy^n ve mgt vSn de cu th^, va trong
Chi mgt so rat it ngudi lya chgn each thuc de viec lya chgn nhiing each phan anh de chinh
xuat y kien thong qua cac phuong tien cong quyen cac cap biet den y kiSn cua minh.
nghe thong tin (3,3%), bao chi va dai Uaiyen Trong do, nhiing ngudi su dung Intemet
hinh/tmyen thanh dia phuong (1,5%), hay la nhimg ngudi "dap ung manh hon" vdi
vSn ban (don, thu) vugt cap (1,2%). Co the cac phuong an dugc dua ra, noi each khac
Bang 2: Cicb ihig xu- khi khong dong ^ voi ket qua
giai quyet (hay c^ch giai quyet) cua cin bp xi/thj tran
(ho$c Uy ban xS/thj (ran) ve m^t van de cu the (%)

Bdng 3: C^ch thtic de cac cap chinh quyen biet den y kien cua minh (%)
Co sij
dung
Intemet

Khong
su dyng
Intemet

Chung
48,4

1. De xuat y kien thong qua nguai Co uy tin trong cong dong sinh song

46,8

49,5

2. De xuat y ki^n thdng qua can bo th6n/ban^u6n/ap tren dia ban

79,8

83,4

82,0

3. De xuat y kien thong qua cac to chiirc chinh tri - x3 hoi (doan thanh
nien, hoi phy nit, hoi c\ru chi^n binh...)

44,6

41,2

42,5

4. De xuat y kien thong qua bao chi va dai truyen hinh/tmyen thanh dia
phuong

2,5

0,9

1,5

5. De xuat y kien thong qua cac phuong tien cong nghe thong tin,
intemet (facebook, zalo...)

8,0

0,3

3,3

6, Thong qua cac cuoc bdu cir dja phuong bang cac la phiSu

34,1

26,9

29,7

7. De dat tnrc tiep tai cac Co quan cong quy^n

26,2

21,3

23,1

8. Bang van ban (don, thu) len cac d p chinh quy^n theo trinh tu

23,3

12,8

16.8

1,2

1,3

1,2

9. Bang van bin (don, thir) v u ^ cSp


Thong Hn Khoa hgc xfl h«l. a** ^ -'^"

hg kien quj et hon ro ret trong viec bao \ e 2 Cantril. H. (1966). The Pattern of
Human Concerns, Rutgers U^l^e'•^'•
nhimg Igi ich ma hg xem la chinh dang ciia
Press. New Brunswick.
ban than va ciia nhihig ngudi khac.
Nhu vay, toan cau hoa dang thuc sir trd .V Croteau, D.. Hosnes. W- (20"^^
.Media Sociciv Indu.-itries. Imug'^'^ ^"
thanh yeu td quan ggng chi ph6i DLXH
Audiences, Pine Forge Press. Thousan
viing DTTS Viet Nam. Tnang buc tranh
chung kha kha quan. nhu ket qua khao sat
Oakes. Calif
da chi ra, noi bat len la sy ty tin va quy^t 4 Jamieson. N l , Lc,T.C., Roinbo.l-^doan ciia nhihig ngudi cd mdi gan ket vdi
(1998), "The Development ^"^'^^'"
Intemet. Day la mgt vi d\i nita cho iha\
Vietnam's
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khong gian Inlemei d3 gop phan tao nen
Centre Special Report, No. 6. Hawaii.
khong gian hien thyc ra sao.
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Ket luun
Critical Theory", in: D. Trend (ed.),
M$e dii. noi nhu N.L. Jamieson va cgng
Reading Digital Culture, Blaekwell,
sy (1998), khong eo cau chuyen hoang
Oxford.
dudng rang cac DTTS nam tTnh tai trong 6. Poster, M. (1997), "Cyberdemocracy:
Ijch sir va khong tuong tac vdi ben ngoai,
The Intemet and the Public Sphere",
nhung loan eau hoa van la boi canh rat quan
in: D. Poster (ed.), Internet Culture,
trgng cho nhimg bien doi het siic da dang
Routledge, London.
\a nhanh chong d viing DTTS ciia Viet 7. Putnam, R.D. (1995), "Bowling Alone:
Nam nhihig thap nien qua. Toan cau boa,
America's Declining Social Capital",
theo each ciia minh, da tac dgng den DLXH
Journal of Democracy, 6(1): 65-78.
d vimg DTI S vdi miic do rat dang ke. Nhd 8. Sasen, S (2002), "Mediating Practices:
bude tien vugt bac ciia cong nghe thong tin,
Women with/in Cyberspace", in: J,
su tiep can \ di the gidi rgng Idn ben ngoai
Armitage and Roberts (eds). Living with
da lam thay doi nhieu thue hanh lien quan
Cyberspace. Technology and Society in
den DLXH ciia ngudi dan noi day a
the 2" century. Continuum, New York.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Baker. C. (2008), Cultural
Theory

and
Practice,
Publications. London.

Studies:
SAGE

9. Shields, R. (ed., 1996), Cultures of the
Internet. Virtual Spaces, Real Histories,
Living Bodies, SAGE, London.
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Culture, Blaekwell, Oxford.