Tgp chiDdn tpc

twcjoSj^^Oj^

NGHE THU C 6 N G VA LANG N G H £ THU CONG TRUYEN THONG
TIEU BIEU CUA M O T SO TOC NGU^CJI THIEU S 6 TINH HA GIANG:
GIA TRI, CHINH SACH VA GIAI PHAP BAO TON, PHAT HUV'
TS. Bui Thi Bich Lan
Vien Dan toe hoc
Torn tdt: Bin nay, nghi thu cong vdn rdt quan trpng trong dai song sinh ke cua mpt
so tpc nguai, ngay cd a nhimg qudc gia co nen cong nghiep phdt trien. Nhdn thuc ro dugc
thi mgnh vd tiim ndng do, tinh Hd Giang dd khoi phuc vd phdt trien cdc nghe, ldng nghe
truyin thing. Vai su vdo cuoc ciia cdc cap chinh quyin, su ung hp cua mot so to chuc vd
quyit tdm cua ngu&i ddn, nhiiu nghe vd ldng nghe thu cong tren dia bdn tinh da dugc bdo
tin vd phdt huy cdc gid tri doc ddo, gop phdn bdo ton vdn hoa truyen thong, thdc ddy hogt
dpng du lich, chuyen dich ca cdu lao dpng, gidm ngheo vd bdo ve moi truang. Tic viec phdn
lich nhirng thdch thuc dang ddt ra nhu thieu vung nguyen lieu, cham doi m&i cong nghe, kho
tieu thu tgi cho vd tiep can thi truang ben ngodi, chua phdt huy het tiem ndng phuc vu du
lich..., bdi viet ndy chi ra nhieng hgn che ve chinh sdch vd de xudt mgt so gidi phdp nhdm bdo
ton, phdt huy hieu qud han nira nhung gid tn vdn hoa doc ddo. tieu bieu ciia cdc nghe vd
ldng nghe thu cong tren dia bdn tinh Hd Giang trong th&i gian tai.
Tir khda: Nghe thii cong, ldng nghe thu cong, toe nguoi thieu so. tinh Hd Giang.
Ngdy nhdn hdi: 23/8/2019; ngdy gui phdn bien: 26/8/2019; ngdy duyet ddng:

13/10/2019

Md aau
Vdi muc tieu phat trign nganli nghg ndng thdn tren ea sd tan dung cac nguon lire dia
phuang, phong trao '"Moi ldng mot sdn phdm''' cua Nhat Ban da Ian toa khdng chi trdn khap
nude nay ma cdn dugc ap dung tai nhieu qudc gia trdn thd gidi, nhdt la d chau A, chau Phi.
Viet Nam la nude ndng nghigp vdi han 80% dan sd sdng d ndng thon ndn viec phat trign

nganh nghe ndng thdn ndi chung va cac san pham mdi viing mien ndi rigng cd vai trd dac
biet quan trgng. Nhung nam qua. nJian thuc dugc gia tri cac nghe va lang nghd truydn thdng,
Chinh phii va cac bg/ban/nganh da trien khai nhidu chuang trinh, chinh sach nhSm bao tdn
va phat trien cac lang nghe trdn pham vi ca nude, trong dd c^n kg ddn cae Nghi djnh quan
trgng nhu Nghj dinh 66/2006/ND-CP; Nghj djnh 52/20! 8/ND-CP vd phat tridn nganh nghd
' Bai viel la ket qua ciia dS tai edp tinh Ha Giang (2018 - 2020): "•Nghien cim xay dung chinh sdch hao tdn va
phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hoa imyen thong doc ddo (lieu biiu) cua cdc ddn toe thieu sd phuc vu phdi triin kinh
te - xa hpi tinh Hd Giang" do Vien Dan toe hpc chii tri, PGS.TS. Nguyen Van Minh lam Chu nhiem d€ tai


Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 nong thdn; Nghi dinh 98/2010/ND-CP vdi ehu truang duy tti, phuc hdi va phat tridn nghS
thit cdng truySn thdng;...
Tren tinh than dd, tinh Ha Giang ciing rit chit trgng phat tridn cac nghd va lang nghS
thit cong truyen thdng dira vao Igi the va tiem nang sSn cd nhSm tao viec lam eho ngudi lao
dgng, phuc vu du lich, gdp phan bao tdn van hda cac tgc ngudi. Tinh Ha Giang da dku tu ed
ttong diSm vao cac nghe, lang nghe cd tiem nang de thitc iky "nganh cdng nghiep khdng
khoi", nhat la phuc vu hoat dgng du lich trai nghiem, du lich lang nghi Dd lam r5 nhirng gia
tri van hda ddc dao cita nghe thii eong va lang nghe thit cdng tieu bilu eiia tinh Ha Giang
trong phat ttiin kinh te - xa hdi, ciing nhu dS xuat chinh sach va giai phap nhim bao tdn,
phat huy cae gia tri van hda trong bdi canh mdi, tac gia da tiln hanh khao sat mgt sd nghi va
lang nghe thtt cdng tieu bieu tai 4 huyen cua tinh Ha Giang, cu thi la: \) Nhicng nghi vd ldng
nghe da dugc chinh quyen dia phuang cdng nhdn^, gdm: det lanh cua ngudi Hmdng d xa
Lung Tam, huyen Quan Ba; rugu ngd men la cita ngudi Hmdng d xa Thanh Van, huyen
Quan Ba; dan lat cua ngudi Ca Lao d thdn Ma Tre, xa Sinh Ldng, huyen Ddng Van; theu det
ciia ngudi Ld Ld d thdn Ld Ld Chai, xa Liing Cu, huyen Ddng Van; rugu nep ciia ngudi Tay
d thon Quang Ha, xii Quang Nguyen, huyen Xin Man; det vai cua ngudi La Chi d thdn Na
Leng, xa Ban Phiing, huyen Hoang Su Phi...; 2) Nhirng nghi chua dugc chinh quyen dia
phuang cong nhdn nhung dd cd sdn phdm hdng hda, phuc vu du lich, gdm: dugc lieu ciia
nguoi Dao d thdn Nam Diim, xa Quan Ba, huyen Quan Ba; cham bac cua ngudi Hmdng d
thon Lao Xa, xa Sting La, huyen Ddng Van; dan lat cua ngudi Tay d thdn Quang Ha, xa

Quiing Nguyen, huyen Xin Mitn; det vai ciia ngudi Dao d thdn Doan Ket, xa Hd Thiiu, huyen
Hoang Su Phi;...
1. Gia tri van hda doc dao cua mgt so nghe va lang nghe thti cong truyen thong
tieu bieu trong phat trien kinh te - xa hgi
NhSm nang cao chit lugng dich vu du lich gin vdi phat trien kinh te ctia dan cu tren
dia ban, thdi gian qua, eac ca quan/ban/nganh cua tinh Ha Giang da tap trung khdi phuc,
phat triln cac lang nghd truydn thdng, phdi kit hgp va gin phat trien du lich vdi bao tdn,
phat huy gia tri eae lang nghi. Timg dia phugng ciing rat quan tam tuyen truyin nham khdi
phuc lai cac lang nghi truyin thdng cd nguy co bi mai mdt. Vdi su quan tam chi dao ctia
chinh quyln cae eip va su quyit tam cita ngudi dan, cac lang nghe dugc md rdng, tao ra
' D k nay, cac nghg v i lang nghS dugc cong nhan 6 4 huyen khao sat gSm. huyen Dong Van c6 may mac trang
phuc dan toe {thi trin Ph6 Bang), theu det (thon Lo Lo Chai, xa Lung Cu), det lanh (xa Sa Phin), dan lat (thon
Ma Tri, xa Sinh Lung), ch^ tac khen Hmong (thon Ta C6 Van, xa Hfi Quang Phin), ren diic luoi cay (xa Ta
Ung), lam huong nhang (thon Sinh Thiu, xa Sang Tung). Huyen Hoang Su Phi CO ehe bien che xanh Phin Ho
(xa Thong Nguyen), may tre dan (xa Then Chu Phin), rucm thoc Nang Bon (xa Nang Don), che bien thao dugc
(xa Nam Ty), det th6 cam Doan Ket (xa H6 ThSu), cham kh5c bac (xa Pa Ly Ngai), det vai (xa Ban Phimg).
Huyen Xin MSn eo cham bac (thon Dong Tru, xa Ngan Chien), theu del (xa Nam Dan), may tre dan (thon Na
Kang, xa Khuon Lung), chi bign che (thon Ban Ve, xa Na Tri va Che La), ntgu nep (thon Quang Ha, xa Quang
Nguyen), raiSn dong va gao Gia Dui (xa Then Phang). Huyen Quan Ba co det lanh (xa Limg Tam, xa Can Ty)
va rugu ngo Thanh Van (xa Thanh Van).


Tgp chi Ddn tpc

hpc^djjzl^j^

hang loat san pham da dang vg man ma va cd chat lugng tdt, dap ung nhu cau sir dung cua
ngudi dan va lam qua luu niem cho du khach trong va ngoai nude. Cac nghd truyen thdng
tieu bidu cd thd ke dgn d Ha Giang nJiu ddt vai, dan lat, lam giay ban, cham bac, ren due, lam
khen,... Trong bdi canh duang dai, tuy chiu canh tranh khde liet vdi nganh edng nghiep san

xuat hang tieu diing nhmig mdt sd nghd, lang nghg thu cdng van khang dmh dugc nhimg gia
tri van hda dgc dao, gdp phan tich cue vao phat trien kinh tg - xa hgi eiia dia phuang.
/. /. Bao ton vdn hda toe ngu&i
Tri thuc dan gian trong cac hoat ddng ciia nghe thii cdng la vd ciing phong phii, cd vj
tri quan trgng trong viec bao tdn van hda. San pham thii edng cua mdi tdc ngudi deu thg hien
nhimg gia tri van hda dae sac rigng vdi cac thti phap ky thuat va nghe thuat tinh xao, dugc
gin giir va luu truyen qua nhieu the he. Qua trinh phue hdi, phat trien cac nghg va lang nghe
da tirng budc nang cao nhan thuc cua chu thg van hda trong viec bao tdn va phat huy di san
van hda ciia chinh hg. Dd nang cao chat lugng san pham, dap ung nhu cau thi trudng, tinh
Ha Giang da chi dao cac co sd day nghe d cac huyen, thanh phd phdi hgp vdi eac nghe nhan
md nhidu Idp dao tao nham nang cao trinh do tay nghg cho ngudi dan, phat trien dgi ngii kg
thira. Do do, tri thiic dan gian eua cha dng dang dugc Idp tre tiep ndi. Khi budc chan vao hgp
tac xa (HTX) Lung Tam, chiing tdi bat gap nhung em be Hmdng ca trai va gai dang cam cui
theu thua, vita dd kigm thdm thu nhap, vira gnip phat huy nghd truydn thdng gia dinh. 6 thdn
Nam Dam, ngoai gid hgc, tre em ngudi Dao theo cha me di tim eay thudc tren rimg va tham
gia cac cdng doan sa chd san pham dd ban cho HTX dugc lieu. Vdi viec gidi thieu, quang ba
qua du khach va eac cdng ty du ljch, tri thirc va van hda cac tdc ngudi da timg budc vuon ra
thd gidi. San pham ciia HTX det lanh Limg Tam dugc khach hang nhidu nude bidt ddn nhu
Phap, My, Nga, Canada, Nhat Ban,... Cac san phdm dugc lieu ciia ngudi Dao eung ddn tigp
can mgt sd thi tru'dng tiem nang nhu Thuy ST, Ha Lan,...
Nam d cue Bac ciia Td qudc, tinh Ha Giang cd dudng bidn gidi dai 274km, giap vdi
tinh Van Nam va Quang Tay cua Trung Qudc. Vdi 4 eua khdu Idn, 3 cua khdu phu, han 30
chg bidn gidi va mdt sd Idi md dgc tuydn bign gidi, tinh Ha Giang cd nliigu thuan lgi dg phat
trien kinh tg bien mau trong hanh lang kinh tg Viet Nam - Trung Qudc va cac nude khac.
Song, bdn canh nhimg ca hdi thuan Igi ciing dat ra nhigu vdn dd trong edng tac quan ly bien
gidi nhu viec ngudi dan d khu vue bign gidi xudt canh trai phep dd kidm viec lam hoac kdt
hdn khdng khai bao, hay nhidu trudng hgp ngudi Trung Qudc nhap canh trai phep vao Viet
Nam. Tinh trang nay khdng chi anh hudng tdi an ninh qude gia va vide quan iy nhan khdu,
hd khau, ma cdn la su xam nhap d at cae san phdm van hda, hang tieu dimg tir ben kia bigii
gidi. TCr dd, van hda mgt sd dan tgc d tinh Ha Giang hien nay vira chju anh hudng van hda

cua cac tdc ngudi trong nude, nhdt la ciia ngudi Kinh, vira cd su giao luu vdi van hda eiia
cae tdc ngudi d qudc gia lang gidng. Rigng vdn dd trang phue, ngoai xu hudng su dung trang
phuc cua ngudi Kmh da kha phd bidn d Idp tre thi nghg det thii cdng ciia cac dan toe con
phai canh tranh vdi nhimg loai trang phue, trang sire, vai vdc, ehi then va eac phu kien det


Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5 - 2019
may nhap tit Trung Qudc Men dugc bay ban tran ngap cac chg vimg cao vdi mlu ma da
dang, gia ca hgp ly. Cay bdng, lanh va nghe det vai din ving bdng trudc su ap dao cua cac
loai vai sgi tdng hgp, sgi ni-ldng; nghe cham bae cung bi thu hep do xuit hien nhirng bg ttang
site each tan, lam bang nhdm, thiec nhap vl tir Trung Qudc. Theo ba Vii Thi Hda - Phd Chit
tich UBND huyen Xin Man, khoang 90% ngudi Hmdng d huyen nay dang sit dung trang phuc,
ttang site mua hi Trung Qudc. Vi vay, duy tti va phat huy cac gia tti cua nghi va lang nghi
trayen thdng cdn gdp phan bao tdn van hda ciia moi tdc ngudi ttong xu thi giao luu, hgi nhap.
vin dl nay eang cd y nghia, khi cac dan tgc Cg Lao, Ld Ld, Pu Peo... la nhirng dan tgc cd dan
sl it (dudi 10.000 ngudi) gap nhimg bat lgi trong viec giir gin ban sic van hda, nhung lai dugc
ho trg de "hdi sinh" nghe thit cdng. Ddi vdi hg, nggai muc tieu cai thien sinh kl, viec phuc hdi
va phatttiennghe thii cdng cdn gdp phan quan trgng vao viee bao tdn van hda tde ngudi ttong
cgng ddng cac diin tdc d tinh Ha Giang ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung.
1.2. Thuc day hogt dgng du lich
- Md hinh "du lich cdng ddng"; Den nam 2017, toan tinh Ha Giang da ra mat dugc 36
lang van hda du lich cdng ddng (LVHDLCD); trong dd can ghi nhan su tham gdp cua mdt sd
nghe thu cdng trong viec phuc vii hoat ddng du lich ttiii nghiem cung nhu san xuitt qua Itm
niem cho du khach. Nghien cim cho thay, nhiing LVHDLCD ddn dugc lugng khach eao
nhatttongtmh thudng ed nghe thii cdng truyen thdng, not du khach duge tim hieu va trat
nghiem cac siin pham du lich lang nghe, ma tieu bieu la LVHDLCD Nam Dam. Theo thdng
ke ciia UBND xit Quan Ba, tit niim 2012 den nay, lang nay da ddn tren 10.000 lugt khach du
lich ttong va nggai nude den tham quan; rieng nitm 2018 da ddn dugc 5.380 khach, tang
1.256 khach so vdi niim 2017. Cd dugc thanh qua nay, khdng the phu nhan vai trd ciia HTX
cgng ddng Nam Dam vdi nghi lam duge lieu ciia ngudi Dao. Sir ra ddi eua HTX nay da giiip

Nam Dam dap ting dugc mdt trong 10 tieu ehi theo tuyen bd Panhou doi vdi LVHDLCD la
"co nghi truyin thdng" ma UBND tinh da dl ra nam 2012 tai Hdi nghi ttien khai xay dung
lang van hda du lieh tieu bilu gin vdi "Ndng thdn mdi". Vdi dien tich 23ha cac loai cay
ttong cung ling cho HTX va he thdng may mdc, dung eu hien dai, tit cay dugc lieu thd, HTX
da chung cit thanh cac san phim nhu cao atiso, cao manh gan, cao duong quy, tra gimg cao
nguyen da, thudc tim,... Ngoai trung bay, gidi thieu va ban cho du khach tai mdt gian hang
dat d thdn, cac san phim ctia HTX cdn dugc bay ban tai cua hang d Ha Ndi, Hd Chi Minh va
cac hpi ehg dl gidi thieu vdi ngudi tieu dimg tren ca nude. Theo bao cao cua HTX, nam
2018, tdng doanh thu tit cac hoat ddng ban buon, ban le va dich vu tam la thudc la 1,63 ty
ding; trong do rieng dieh vg tim la thudc nam da thu hut dugc tren mgt trieu lugt du khaeh
tham gia trai nghiem. Khdng chi duge thu gian bing bai thudc tam cd truyen, du khach sau
khi trai nghiem cdn cd thi mua san phim thudc tim ddng chai, cao thudc tam ve lam qua.
San phim dugc lieu, nhit la dich vu tim la thudc danh cho du khach da gdp phan quan trgng
giip Nam Dam trd thanh mdt dilm din hip dan va dugc chinh quyen huyen Quan Ba xem la
rao hinh diem dl xiiy dung nhirng lang van hda khac.


Tgp chi Ddn tdc hpc sd5j^2019^
- Mo hinh "du lich ldng nghe": Qua md hinh nay, du khach vira duge muc sd thi cac
quy trinh san xuat san pham, vira dugc trai nghiem tirng cdng doan san xuat. Mdt sd tour du
ljch lang nghd dang dugc cac huyen tieh cue kliai thac, trong do HTX det lanh Limg Tam la
mdt didm sang. Ngoai cac don dat hang trong va ngoai nude ddi vdi san pham dang tang Idn
theo thdi gian, lang nghd nay cdn la mdt diem ddn hap dan du khaeh tdi tham quan. Dudng
net hoa van tinh td, ky thuat ddc dao, ddi ngu nghe nhan tai hoa va ca nhung truyen thdng tot
dep cua "van hda lang nghe" da dua xa Lung Tam thanh mgt trong nhirng didm den hap dan
trong cac tour du ljch Cao nguygn da Ddng Van. Tir tu cung tu edp, theo chan du khach, san
pham lanh da trd thanh hang luu niem, dd trang tri... dugc ua chugng d trong nude va vuon
ra thi trudng the gidi. Ngoai tidu thu tai dja phuang, eac san pham nhu det vai eua ngudi Ld
Ld xa Liing Cii, dan lat ciia ngudi Tay xa Quang Nguyen hoac ngudi Ca Lao xa Sinh Limg,
rugu ngd men la ctia ngudi Hmdng xa Thanh Van, rugu hoang cua ngudi Tay xa Quang

Nguygn,.., cung dugc sir dung va bay ban cho khach nghi homestay, tai cac khu du lich, nha
hang d dia phuang va mdt sd tinh thanh trong ca nude.
L3. Tgo viec ldm, chuyen dich cff edu lao dong vd gidm ngheo
Nghg thii cdng ciia cac dan tdc da tao viec lam cho ngudi dan liic ndng nhan, cai thien
sinh kg, ddng gdp cho phat trien kinh td - xa hdi d ndng thon. Trgn dja ban tinh Ha Giang hien
ed 39 lang nghg va lang nghg truygn thdng duge cdng nhan, vdi tdng sd hg tham gia la 1.971,
giiip tao viec lam, nang cao thu nliap dn dinh eho gdn 4.000 lao ddng dja phuang (Pham Van
Phii, 2018). HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam du mdi thanh lap tir nam 2012 nhung da giai quydt
vide lam cho 29 thanh vign vdi miic thu nhap binh quan 4 - 5 trieu ddng/thang/ngudi. Ngoai ra,
rat nhieu hd gia dinh trong thdn tuy khdng phai thanh vidn nliung cung dugc hudng lgi tir vide
trdng va ban nguyen lieu cho HTX. Nam 2018, thdn Nam Dam chi eon 01 hd ngheo (5,8%)
thu nhap binh quan cac hd trong thdn dat khoang 50 trieu dong/hg/nam. Theo dng Ly Ta
Den, Giam ddc HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam, nhidu ngudi dan trong thdn mudn la thanh vign
cua HTX ngn muc tigu den nam 2020 se tao vide lam cho khoang 100 lao dgng tai day. San
pham cua HTX rugu ngd Thanh Van da cd mat d nhieu tinh thanh midn Bdc nhu Hai Phdng,
Ha Ngi, Nam Dinh, Phii Thg, Thai Nguyen..., vdi binh quan 80.000 lit rugu duge ban ra mdi
nam, giai quydt viec lam eho han 40 hg xa vien vdi miie thu nhap khoang 4,5 trieu
ddng/ngudi/thang. Nghg det lanh d HTX Lung Tam khdng chi tao viec lam, nang cao thu
nhap cho nhieu hd dan ma cdn thue ddy phat tridn du lich cho huyen Quan Ba. Nam 2018,
tdng doanh thu ciia HTX dat trdn 1,5 ty ddng, ban 120 hgi vidn da cd ngudn thu nhap trung
binh 3 - 4 trieu ddng/ngudi/thang. O thdn Lao Xa, ngudn thu 4 - 5 trieu dong/thang/ngudi
cua nhung ngudi thg cham bac cung la rdt dang kg so vdi san xudt ndng nghiep. Du con gap
nhidu khd khan khi tim kiem ddu ra cho san phdm, nhung 14/45 hd ngudi Co Lao d thdn Ma
Tre van dang duy tri dgu dan edng vide dan lat, dem lai nguon thu dn djnh khoang 2 - 2 5
trieu ddng/thang/ngudi.


Jap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd 5 -2019
Nhin chung, vdi ngudn thu ttr nghi thu cdng, ty le hd ngheo d cac lang nghi thu cdng
ludn thip hon so vdi cac lang thuan ndng. Cung nhu cae tinh mien nin khac, lao ddng ndng

thon tinh Ha Giang dang ddi dao, trong khi thu nhap tit ndng nghiep bip benh do dien tich
giam va chat lugng dat xau lai chiu tac dgng cua thien tat; cdng viec lam thue hoae lam an xa
luon uem an nhirng rui ro;... Vi vay, van dl chuyin ddi mdt bd phan lao ddng tit san xuit
nong nghiep sang nghe thii cdng gin vdi phuc vu san xuit va du lich tai dja phuong, giai
quyet viec lam tai cho cho ngudi lao dgng d cac lang nghi la mgt hudng di dung din va cin
thilt. "Ly ndng bat ly huang" khdng chi la niim mong mdi cua moi ngudi dan ndng thon,
miin niii ma cdn gdp phan tang cudng mdi gin kit tinh lang nghia xdm, ban chi tinh trang
di diin ill do va vugt bien di lam iin bat hgp phap d cae nude lang gilng, dam bao trat tu xa
hpi dia phugng va an ninh qudc gia.
1.4. Bao ve moi trudng sinh thai
Moi trudng the gidi dang bi d nhiem khdng chi bdi cac khu cdng nghiep, khi thai ma
con rac thai tit chinh vat dung ma con ngudi sit dung hang ngay, vi the "trd ve vdi tu nhien"
dang va se la xu hucmg tieu dung ciia the gidi, nhat la d eac nude phat trien, nhitng xa hdi
van minh. Do dd, nhieu lang nghe d Ha Giang tap trung phat trien san xuat cac san pham
sach, hiru ca, than thien mdi trudng vdi chat lugng, gia tri ngay cang dugc nang len. Nhieu
san pham ciia cac lang nghe truyen thdng khdng nhu'ng dugc tieu thu d trong va ngoai tinh
ma cdn xuat khau ra thi trudng the gidi.
0 HTX cdng ddng Nam Dam, ngudn gen cay thudc tam cua ngudi Dao dii dugc bao
t6n thdng qua eac hoat ddng thu hai ben vihig tir rirng; nhan gidng, cham sdc cay thudc tai
vudn hd gia dinh; ddng thdi eac xa vien cung nghien cim trdng lai mgt sd loai co nguy ea
tuyet ehung trong tu nhien. Den nay, HTX da cd vudn uom cay dugc lieu rgng 3.000m , luu
giG hon 100 loai cay, sd lugng loai dang tiep tuc bd sung, nhitn gidng. Vdi muc tieu bao ve,
than thien vdi mdi trudng, ngudn nguyen lieu ciia HTX dugc ap dung ky thuat gieo trdng
theo tieu chuin GACP - WHO {Thuc hdnh tdt trong trot vd thu hdi cua Td chite Y tl the
gidi), dam bao mdi trudng chi biln an loan. Nhftng san phiim duge lieu cua HTX dugc
chimg nhan khdng chira cae tac nhan gay benh nhu chat dgc sinh hgc, hda chat.
Ciing vdi su "hdi sinh" nghi dan lat cua ngudi Ca Lao (thdn IVla Tre, xa Sinh Lung) va
ngudi Tay (thdn Quang Ha, xa Quang Nguyen), nghi det vai ciia ngudi Hmdng (xa Limg
Tam) hoae ngudi Ld Lo (thdn Ld Ld Chat, xa Lung Cu)..., cac cay nguyen lieu cd truyen
nhu tre, trite, may, bdng, lanh din din duac phuc hdi. De dn dinh nguyen lieu san xuat, gin

day HTX det lanh Liing Tam van ddng xa vien md rdng vai hecta cay lanh moi nam. Day la
loai cay de trdng d nai khi hau mat me, khdng cin nhilu nude, khdng ua phan bdn. San
phim lanh Liing Tam khiin khach nude ngoai ua chugng la dg det tit sgi lanh tu nhien,
Uiong pha sgi tdng hgp, vi thi cd uu dilm la mat, nhe, dl bi phan huy va dugc xem la "than
tiiien vdi mdi trudng". Tai thdn Ma Tri, thay vi chi khai thac nguyen lieu san cd tren rimg.


-2019
Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd5__
mdi hd ngudi Co Lao cung dang tich cue trdng eac loai tte, true quanh noi cu tni - nhiing
Igai ciiy vdn cd sue sdng miinh liet, khdng ddi hdi ky thuat hay edng site cham sdc. Cac loat
cay trdng nay cdn gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng dat; vi thi d nhimg noi dat bi thoai hda, bac
mau thi ngudi dan trdng tre, tnic nhu mdt each de khoi phuc dinh dudng ditt dai.
Nganh cdng nghiep siin xuat hang tieu dimg ngay cang phat trien da khien cac siin
phim thii cdng truyin thdng mat dan chd dung. Do lgi the ve gia thanh, cae san pham cdng
nghiep dang din ehilm linh thi trudng. Tuy nhien, chimg ta cung dang dugc chimg kien su
"len ngdi" ctia cac san pham thii cdng cd tinh tham my cao, cd su ket tinh tai nang, tam
huyet ciia nhiing ngudi thg, tham dam viin hda tdc ngudi, nhat la an toan cho sire khde, than
thien vdi mdi trudng. Chinh nhirng gia tri ay se khien cho san pham thd cdng truyen thdng
van cdn chd dimg tren thj trudng tugng lai.
2, Chinh sach bao t6n va phat huy gia tri van hda ciia cac nghe, lang nghe thii cong
truyen thong tiSu bieu trong phat trien kinh te - xa hgi d* tinh Ha Giang thdi gian qua
2.L Chinh sdch vd nhicng ket qud dgt dicffc
Nham biio tdn va phat trien cac nghe thii cdng truyen thdng phuc vu du lich, nhirng
nam qua tinh Ha Giang da van dung liidi boat cae co che, chinh sach ciia Trung utrag, day
manh cdng tac quan ly, long ghep cac ngudn kinh phi nham giup cac lang nghi tao ra nhirng
san pham the manh, dac thu ciia tdc ngudi va dia phuang.
Nam 2005, Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat triln nong thdn da xay dung dl an "Chuang trinh
phdt triin mdi ldng mdt nghi giai dogn 2006 - 2015", gin vdi triln khai Chuang trinh qudc
gia vl xay dung ndng thdn mdi giai doan 2010 - 2020. Theo dd, mdi lang se tu chgn va

quyet dinh hinh thanh, phat ttien mgt nghe vdi nhilu hg va dganh nghiep tham gia; moi xa
quyet dinh phat triln it nhit mdt lang nghi cd san phim dac trung ciia dia phuong. Tren co
sd do, UBND tinh Ha Giang da ban hanh Di dn Quy hogch tdng thi phdt triin ngdnh nghi
ndng thdn giai doan 2011 - 2020 tai Quyit dinh sd 1026/QD-UBND ngay 1/6/2012 va giao
cho cac sd, nganh, cac td chirc, doan thi cac cip, UBND cae huyen, thanh phd can cit chirc
nang, nhiem vii, ITnh vue, pham vi quan ly td chuc triln khai, tuyen truyin, van ddng din
ngudi dan. Chuang trinh 62-CTr/TU ngay 29/3/2013 ctia Tinh uy Ha Giang vl phat ttiln van
hda gan vdi du lich, giai doan 2013 - 2020 eung dat ra nhiem vu bao tdn, khdi phuc cac lang
nghi truyin thdng. Nam 2016, UBND ttnh Ha Giang ban hanh Quyit dinh s6 2490/QDUBND ve "Phi duyet Di dn Phdt triin cde sdn phdm ndng nghiep vd sdn phdm ldng nghi
phuc vu du lich, giai dogn 2016 - 2020"; chi dao cac huyen, thanh phd va cae nganh chiic
nang tap trung khdi phuc, day manh phat triln cac lang nghi truyin thdng, gin phat ttiln du
lich vdi bao tdn va phat ttiln cac lang nghi; trong dd diu tu cd trgng dilm vao mgt sd nghi
kha thi, cd hieu qua khai thac cao. Dg khuyin khich phat triln du lich, Nghi quyit sd
35/2016/NQ-HDND ciia Hdi ddng nhan dan tinh Ha Giang dugc ban hanh ngay 21/7/2016
da quy dinh rd chinh sach hd tra san xuit cac san phim thii cdng truyin thdng phuc vu du


Tap chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 lich, nhu: cac san pham thudc cac lang nghe dii dugc UBND tinh edng nhan hoac da cd du
an diu tu phat ttien lang nghe ma UBND cap huyen phe duyet thudc quy hoach phat trien
lang nghi cua tinh dugc hd trg 20 trieu ddng/1 td chuc, ca nhiin; ho trg lai suat tien vay cho
tl chdc, ca nhan kinh doanh hoac vita san xuat vita boat dcing kinh doanh san pham thit cdng
truyin thdng phuc vu du lich; hd trg 100% lai suat tien vay trong thdi gian 3 niim, muc tien
vay dugc hd ttg lai suiit tgi da khdng qua 100 trieu ddng/td chuc, ca nhan hoat ddng san xuat
kinh dganh tai cac lang van hda du ljch cdng ddng; hd trg 100% liii suat tien vay trong thdi
gian 3 niim, mite tien vay dugc hg trg lai suat tdi da klidng qua 200 trieu ddng/hgp tac xit,
lang nghe thu cdng truyen thdng dugc UBND tinh edng nhan hoac da cd du an dau tu phat
triln lang nghi do UBND cap cd tham quyen phe duyet thudc quy hoach phat trien lang
nghe theo timg giai doan cua tinh.
Ngoai cac van ban tren, mdi huyen, xa thudc tinh cung xay dung, trien khai cac Nghi
quyet, Quyit dinh, D I an, Kl hoach, Chuong ttinh hanh ddng... vl bao ton va phat huy cac

gia tri van hda gin vdi phat trien du lich, trong dd cd viee khai thac gia tri cac nghe, lang
nghi tmyIn thdng. Hang loat quyit dinh phe duyet de an xay dung cac LVHDLCD dugc cac
huyen ban hanh, tao nen nhiing dilm va tuyIn du ljch ddng bd vdi cac san phim van hda dgc
dao cua mdi dan tgc, vitng miin. Tit dd, nghe va lang nghi truyen thdng ciia eac dan tde
trongttnhkhdng ngimg md rgng, phat trien.
Tit nhirng chinh sach tren, eac hoat ddng phat triln nghe va lang nghe thu cdng ttuyen
thong da dugc triln khai tich cue, hieu qua tren dia ban tinh nhu thim dinh cac hd sg cdng
nhan nghi, lang nghi truyin thdng; quy hoach phat triln cac cum tieu thti edng nghiep - lang
nghi, hd trg kinh phi hgp phin khuyin cdng cho lang nghi; tim kilm, du bao thi trudng,
hiln khai xiie tiln thuang mai; quan ly, bao tdn, khai thac cac gia ni van hda lang nghe; phat
hiln lang nghi gin vdi du lich, td chiic cac tour, tuyIn du lich gin vdi cac lang nghe,... Nhu
da trinh bay d tten, din nay tren dia ban tinh da cd 39 lang dugc cdng nhan la lang nghe va
lang nghi truyin thdng; thg gidi nghi dugc cdng nhan la nghe nhan uu tti hoac nghe nhan
dan gian; lap miyln day dugc md tai cac tnrdng hgc va cac dia phuong;... Dac biet, gan vdi
chugng ttinh xay dung Ndng thdn mdi, cac HTX nghi thti cong dugc hinh thanh va ngay
cang thi hien dugc vai trd ttg giup eho cac hd, nhdm hd nang cao thu nhap, phat trien kmh te
gia dinh...
2.2. Mot sd vin de dgt ra trong xay dung vd hodn thien chinh sach
Ben canh nhitng kit qua dang ghi nhan, cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van
hoa ddc dao ciia mdt sd nghi, lang nghi thii cdng trong phat trien kinh te - xa hdi tinh Ha
Giang vln tdn tai nhirng bit cap, cin bd sung va hoan thien vl eg chi, chinh sach va giai
phap hd trg. Trong do, dang chit y la mdt sd van de sau:
- Mdt Id, vdn di dam bdo nguyin lieu sdn xudt, Diiy la tinh trang khd khiin chung ciia
cac nghi va lang nghi dugc khao sat. Viec md rdng quy md san xuat d HTX cdng ddng Nam


Tgp chiDdn tpc hpc^^£5j^2019_
Dam khd thuc hien khi HTX ehua ehu ddng dugc ngudn dugc lieu. Vao mua du lich, nhu
cau tam la thudc ciia du khach tang cao, ndn san pham cua HTX khdng du phuc vu. De khae
phue, HTX da phai mua thdm nguyen lieu d nai khac, va nhu vay chdt lugng ngudn nguydn

lieu da ndm ngoai tam kiem soat cua HTX. Dy kign trong thdi gian tdi, HTX se dau tu san
xudt gidng, ban hoac cap eho ba con trong huyen de md rdng vimg dugc lieu. Tuang tu, van
dd nay ciing xay ra ddi vdi eac thanh vign HTX det lanh Lung Tam, HTX thgu det lang Ld
Ld Chai,... Ca hdi tidp can thi trudng thg gidi ciia san pham lanh Lung Tam la rat kha thi,
nhimg ngudn nguyen hdu dd md rdng san xuat lai la bai toan khd eho HTX nay. Quy dat han
hep, trign vgng ciia nghd cung chua dii thuydt phuc ngudi Hmdng nai day bd ngd lua dg
trdng lanh. 0 HTX thdu det lang Ld Ld Chai, thay vi trdng bdng ddt vai nhu truydn thdng,
nay mgt phdn nguydn lieu ciia HTX nay lai la do mua vai lanh ciia mgt sd thanh vien ngudi
Hmdng tu trdng lanh, ddt vai hoac thu mua thdm d quanh viing; phan cdn lai la vai sgi cdng
nghigp mua tir noi khac cua tinh Ha Giang, Ha Ndi, hoac tir Trung Qudc. Giii dugc nghd
trdng bdng, det vai dd san pham lam ra hoan toan mang dac trung cua ngudi Ld Ld ndi ridng
hay cac dan tgc khac ndi chung la thi hieu va nhu eau ciia du khaeh, nhat la du khach nude
ngoai. Chil nhiem HTX theu det lang Ld Ld Chai - ba Vang Thi Xuyen da noi: "Do khong
con trong bong, det vdi nen cdc sdn phdm cua HTX dugc bdn ra thi trudng Id su ket hgp
giua ky thuat trong lanh, xe sgi, det vdi cua ngu&i Hmong v&i ky thuat nhugm. khdu, theu
ciia nguai Lo Lo. Ddy cung Id ly do khien cdc sdn phdm ldm ra chua thuc sir ldm hdi long
khdch hdng nuac ngodi'". Ridng nghd dan lat ciia ngudi Co Lao d thdn Ma Trd hay ngudi
Tay d thdn Quang Ha, do rimg bi thu hep, nguygn lieu tre, tnic tai chd ludn thidu, nhieu liic
phai nhap tir cac noi khac da lam tang gia thanh san pham. Nhu vay, chi klii chu dgng dugc
ngudn nguyen lieu, cae nghg, lang nghg mdi ed the tinh dgn viec bao tdn va phat huy ben
vung cac gia trj dac trung cua san pham, thuc hien muc tieu phat tridn quy mo san xuat va
phat trien thi trudng tidu thu.
- Hai Id. vdn de doi m&i cong nghe. Do hd trg ciia chinli quydn va mgt sd td chuc quoc td
ngn chi mgt sd nghd nhu dugc lieu d Nam Dam hay ddt lanh d Limg Tam mdi ed thd ddi mdi
dugc cdng nghe, tir do tang kha nang canh tranh, hudng tdi thi trudng rdng Idn. Cac lang nghd
khac, vi cham ddi mdi cdng nghd, thieu trang thigt bi hien dai da dSn dgn quy md san xudt nhd
le, mdu nia gian don nliung gia thanh san phdm lai cao, siic eanh tranh thdp. Theo mgt sd thg
dan lat d thdn Ma Trd hay Quang Ha, gia thanh san phdm chua tuong ximg vdi cdng sue hg bd
ra, khi mang di gidi thieu va bay ban tai cac chg, hdi ehg..., sue tidu thu rdt cham do phai canh
tranh vdi nhirng san pham d dia phuong khac vd do bgn dep, thdm my va gia ca. Vide thudng

xuygn cai tign man ma, su dung may mdc dg giam chi phi dau vao mdt sd cdng doan san xudt
(nhu may che nan, say khd, danh bdng trong dan lat; may bat bdng, tach hat. xe sgi trong ddt
vai...) la ddi hdi tdt ydu dd san phdm thu edng cd chd dimg tren thi trudng, tuy nhien vdn dd


Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc

sd5-2019

nay chua thuc su duge quan tam hoae dii dugc quan tiim nhtmg do each thirc triln khai cdn
bit cap nen chua dem lai hieu qua d mdt sd diem khao sat^.
Ba Id, vdn di bdo tdn vd phdt huy gdn vdi phdt triin du lich, Nghi quyit sd
35/2016/NQ-HDND dugc xem la viin ban the hien quan tam ciia tinh vl ho trg phat triln cac
nghi thii cdng, trgng dd quy dinh cac mite hd trg lai suat tien vay ddi vgi td chirc/ca nhan
hoat dgng san xuat, kinh doanh nghe thti cdng phue vu du lich. Song, sau gan 3 nam trien
khai, rit it hg san xuat cd nhu ciiu dugc hd trg; vi theo hg khi thi trudng tieu thu va kien thirc
vl san xuat, kinh doanh cdn han che nhu hien nay thi vdn tai chinh chua that ciip thiet. Viec
gin nghe, lang nghe thti edng vdi phat trien du lieh mdi chi budc dau thanh cdng d mgt sd
me hinh du lich cdng ddng (thdn Nam Dam) hay du lich lang nghe (xa Lung Tam). Sd cdn
lai, dii san pham da tham gia tnmg bay tai cac hdi chg, cac diem du ljch nhtmg van chua "ket
nil" duge vdi ngudi tieu dung, du khach. Chiit lugng, mau ma, do tinh xao, tinh thdi trang...
chua thi canh ttanh vdi siin pham cua dia phuang khac. Ngay tai cac LVHDLCD nhu Ld Ld
Chiii, Quang Ha, Na Leng... thi nghe truyen thdng d diiy van md nhat trong vai ttd phuc vu du
lichttainghiem, du Hch lang nghe. Du khach se thay hiip diin hem, diing chan lau ban va chi
tiln nhilu han nlu dugc gidi thieu va chimg kien quy ttinh san xuat ciia cac nghe thti cdng,
nhung d cac LVHDLCD dugc khao sat thi boat ddng nay chua duge khai thac hoac khai thac
thilu tinh chuyen nghiep. Chua thiy cd trung bay gidi thieu va ban san phim hoae nlu cd ciing
kha so sai, thilu site hip din, da khiin cho hieu qua cua viec gidi thieu, quang ba va ban cac
san phim thii edng ciia cgng ddng tai gia dinh, ttong cac Nha van hda va homestay chua cao.
Hon nira, viec cac nha van hda cdng ddng ctia thdn va cac homestay sit dung va trtmg bay eac

sin phim thii cdng ttuyln thdng cua dan tdc la cin thilt nham tao ra khdng gian van hda dam
chitttuylnthong eiing nhirng ttai nghiem chan thuc cho du khach, ddng thdi la co hdi de gidi
Ihieu, quang ba va ban san phim cua cdng ddng. The nhimg, d ban het cac LVHDLCD hien
nay, ca nha van hda cgng ddng va homestay edng viec nay rat ban che.
- Bdn la, vdn di chdt luang ngudn nhdn luc, Ty le lao dgng qua dao tao trong cac lang
nghi con rit thip, gay khd khan cho viec sang tao, tim kilm mau ma mdi, cai din ky thuat,
nang cao chit lugng san phim. Mdt sd nghe nhan tai cac lang nghi tuy dugc hd trg hgc tap
kinh nghiem d eac ngi nhung khi trd vl lai khdng ap dung dugc cho san pham ciia minh. Mdt
phin do thdi gian hgc tap va trai nghiem chua dii, phin khac do trinh do va su' nhay ben ctia
ngudi hgc cdn ylu. "Tit dia phuang ra din toan ciu" la nguyen tac dau tien ciia OVOP toan
ciu, trong do ddi hdi cac san phim thit cdng lam ra ein dugc thilt ki; mdi hoae cai tien phu
' Then Quydt dinh 755/QD-TTG ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu vc viec ho tro cho dong bao dan loc thicu so ngheo
vS ho ngheo ft xa, thon, ban dac biet kho khan, lang nghS dan lat thon Ma Tre da dugc ho trp 3 may che nan
danh cho 3 t6 dan lat. Tuy nhien, tlieo ong Truong thon, do khong duoc tap huan ky thuat su dung cung nhu
chjl lupng may khong dam bao nen nhung chijc may nay dang trong tinh trang "diip chieu", du chua lung qua
SIT dung
' OVOP la phong trao "Mfti lang mot san phim", duoc khfti phai ft Nhan Ban tir nam 1979 tai lang Oyama, tmh
Oita, nhu mpt di6n hinh cua viec phat tti^n nganh nghi nong ihon tren eo so tan dung cae nguon luc dm phuong.


^8

Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc sd5^:^2019^

hgp thj higu cua ngudi tigu dimg d thi trudng dich, bao gdm tieu diing va xuat khau tai cho,
thdng qua cac didm du lich, xuat khau qua bien gidi. Tuy nhien, ndu khdng ed su ho trg vd dao
tao ngudn nhan lire dd dugc trang bi kip thdi nhuTig kign thuc nhat dinh vg kinh doanh, ve san
xuat va marketing thi hau hgt cac nghg, lang nghd se khdng the xay dung chien luge dd md
rgng thi truimg cho san pham ciia minh. Su ban chd ve trinh do va ky nang quan ly, didu hanh
ciia ngudi dimg dau cac HTX, cac ca sd san xuat da anh hudng dgn kha nang tim kigm, du bao

thi trudng, trien khai xiic tign thuang mai, lign kgt san xuat ciing nhu tigp can ea chd chinh
sach, nhat la ddi vdi nhimg lang nghe hudng ddn muc tigu xuat khdu ra thi trucmg nude ngoai.
- Ndm Id, vdn de phdt trien dpi ngd ke thua. Dao tao, trao truygn nghe thu cdng truyen
thdng cho Idp tre da dugc cac cap chinh quyen d Ha Giang quan tam tridn khai qua mgt sd
boat dgng cu the nhu cdng nhan nghe nhan; md Idp truydn day trong cac trudng hgc, d cac
dia phuang; td chiic di tham quan, hgc tap d cac dia phuang trong tinh, trong nude va nude
ngoai,... Song, ket qua khao sat tai mgt sd diem nghidn ciiu nhu xa Sinh Liing, xa Quang
Nguygn, xa Liing Cii cho thay, can xem lai tinh hieu qua ciia hoat dgng nay vi hieu qua
khdng cao. Ngudn kinh phi chi tra cho nghe nhan giang day trong cae gid van hda truygn
thdng d cac trudng hgc chii yeu duge lay tir Quy boat dgng ciia Trung tam hgc tap cdng
ddng va Hdi nghd nhan dan gian ndn muc chi tra cho cac nghe nhan rat thap, ehi khoang
50.000 - 60.000d/budi/ngudi trong khi giao thdng di lai khd khan, miic thii lao qua thdp nen
viec thu hiit dugc cac nghe nhan cao tudi - nhimg ngudi dugc xem la "bau vat nhan van
sdng" vao cdng viec nay kha khd khan, dan den chat lugng day va hge thidu hieu qua. Dang
hm y, thay vi chi trdng ehd ngudn kinh phi dugc cap, viec huy dgng su dong gdp ciia ngudi
dan (10.000 ddng/hg/thang) dd tang muc thu lao chi tra cho nghe nhan da cho thdy mgt each
lam sang tao cua chinh quydn va ngudi dan xa Pd Ld, huyen Hoang Su Phi. Phd chii tich xa ba Tai Thi Riu cho bidt: "V&i cdch ldm ndy. nghe nhdn a day dugc trd 150.000 d/buoi dgy.
vi the nhiet tinh tham gia han. Do phdi dong gop nguon kinh phi hdng thdng nen cdc gia
dinh ciing co y thuc tich cue hon trong viec tgo dieu kien cho con em minh tham gia cde gia
hpc vdn hoa truyen thong". Vide bd tri dua cac nghd thii cdng truygn thdng vao truygn day
trong nha trudng vao nhung gid ngoai khda nhu dang tridn khai ciing chua that hgp ly khi
chucmg trinh giao due chinh khda d cae bac hgc da tuong ddi nang vdi rdt nhieu mdn hgc;
thdm vao do, ngoai gid hgc chinh khda, cac em ciing can phu giiip viec nha cho gia dinh.
Caeh bd tri thdi gian nhu vay da gdp phdn lam cho viec van ddng hgc sinh tham gia cae lap
truygn day gap khd khan han va chua dat dugc kgt qua nhu mong mudn.
Do ngudn kinh phi ciing nhu thdi gian td chirc eo hep ndn vide dua eac nghe nhan di
tham quan, hgc tap kinh nghiem d cac dja phuang trong va ngoai tinh chua thuc su mang lai
hieu qua. Cac nghe nhan da phdn da Idn tudi ndn vide tidp thu ky thuat, cdng nghe mdi chi
trong mdt, hai ngay la khong hg de dang. Han niia, ndu tidp thu duoc ky thuat mdi thi viec
ap dung vao quy trinh san xuat cdn ddi hdi phai cd may mdc, thidt bi phii hgp, Bdt cap da

diln ra khi nghd nhan d mdt sd dia phuang da nhidu lan dugc di hgc tap kinh nghiem ciia cac


Tap chiDdn tgc hgc sd5 -2019
lang nghi d trong va ngoai tinh nhung chua thi ap dung dugc cho san phim cita minh do
thilu kmh phi dau ttr thiet bi san xuit nhu trudng hgp eua cac ngudi thg cham khic bac d
thon Lao Xa; hay da dugc hd trg thiet bi san xuit nhung khdng dugc tap huin ky thuat su
dung nhu trudng hgp cua cac nghe nhan dan lat d thdn Ma Tri.
- Sdu la, vdn de huy dgng cdc ngudn luc vd liin kit sdn xudt theo chudi gid tri, Thuc tl
cho thiy, mdt trong nhitng yeu td tao nen "thuang hieu" cho cac nghi, lang nghi la su kit
hgp giira cac nha quan ly, nha khoa hgc, cac doanh nghiep... vdi cac ca sd san xuit. D I tao
nen su thanh cdng ciia HTX edng ddng Nam Dam, cin ghi nhan su giup do, phdi hgp ctia
nhilu td chiic nhu Bd mon Thuc vat (Trudng Dai hgc Duge Ha Ndi), Cdng ty cd phin Dugc
khoa (DK Pharma, Trudng Dai hgc Dugc Ha Ndi), Cdng ty Thao dugc cao nguyen da, Cdng
ty Thung liing dugc lieu xanh Viet Nam, UBND huyen Quan Ba, UBND xa Quan Ba,... Dae
biet la su vao cugc ciia Quy Mdi trudng toan cau vdi Du an "Gdp phdn bdo tdn ngudn gen
cay thuoc cua nguai Dao vd cdi thien sinh ki cgng ddng thdng qug dich vu tdm Id thudc vd
cdc sdn phdm tic cdy thudc a xd Qudn Bg, huyen Qudn Bg, tinh Hd Giang" da mang lai
nhimg hieu qua tich cue eho ngudi dan. Viec phdi hgp nhilu id chirc, nhit la lien kit vdi
doanh nghiep trong tieu thu san pham da giup cho HTX dang cd nhiing budc di kha vimg
chac 0 thi trudng trong nude va bat dau tien ra thi trudng nude ngoai. Tuang tu, khi mdi
thanh lap, thdng qua Hgi Phu nir huyen, HTX det lanh Lung Tam dii cd chuang trinh hgp tac
Viet Nam - Thuy St va dugc hd trg mgt phan kinh phi de dua ky thuat nhugm mau vao san
xuiit, tim cac ngudn dat hang; ddng thdi ky ket vdi td chite budng nghiep qudc tl cua Phap
(Association Batik Intemational) de md lap nang eao tay nghe may, det thd cam. Tiep dd, su
hup tac vdi td chiic Craft Link (thdng qua Trung tiim Nghien ciiu hang thit cdng my nghe
Viet Nam) dia giup HTX nay cd nhieu ea hgi tdt de gidi thieu, quang ba san pham cho cac
doan khach du lich qudc te va thi trudng nude ngoai. Tir hai mo hinh san xuat neu tren, rd
rang viee huy ddng nhilu ngudn luc hd trg va tham gia lien ket san xuiit theo chudi gia tri la
ciin thiet ttong bdi canh cac nghi, lang nghi d Ha Giang viin phat trien ehd yeu la tu phat,

cham ddi mdi ky thuat, chua cd thuang hieu, nhan mac hang hda, it kiln diuc vl thi trudng,
sire canh tranh thip,... Han nira, kinh phi hgp phin khuyen cdng cita tinh cho lang nghe da
dugc cdng nhan cdn han chi; sit phdi hgp vdi Phdng Cdng thuang, Trung tam Van hda &
Du lich cua mdt huyen dl hd trg quang ba, gidi thieu, tim dau ra cho san pham tuy da triln
khai nhtmg chua tag ra hieu qua rd ret.
3. Giai phap bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda cua nghi va lang nghi thu
cfiiig truyin thdng tieu bilu trong phSt triln kinh tl - xa hgi
Ket qua khao sat eho thiy, su phat triln bin vung cac nghe, lang nghe thii edng truyen
thing phu thudc vao cac chinh sach hd trg ctia Nha nude, cac cap ehinh quyln va cac id
chiic. Dl cac nghi, lang nghi truyin thdng khdng chi la khdng gian bao tdn van hda ciia
dong bao dan tde ma cdn tao ra nhang nguon sinh kl mdi giup ngudi dan nang cao thu nhap,
cai thien ddi sdng, bai vilt xin dua ra mgt sd giai phap vl mat chinh sach nhim bag tdn va


60

Tap chi Ddn tpc hoc so 5 - 2019

phat huy tdt han niia nhiing gia tri van hda tidu bidu ciia cac nghe, lang nghe thii cdng o tinh
Ha Giang trong bdi canh hien nay. Ve tdng thg can xay dung va thuc hidn thanh cdng De an
hoac Du an ve: "Phat tridn bdn vung cac nghe va lang nghe thu cdng truydn thdng gop phan
phat tridn kinh tg - xa hdi tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2021-2030 va tdm nhin ddn nam 2045"
Trong do tap trung vao mgt sd hgp phan sau:
- Quy hogch viing sdn xudt nguyen lieu tap trung, hgn che nhdp nguyen lieu va sdn
phdm phi thii cong tic nai khde. nhdt Id tic Trung Quoc: Vdi mgt sd nghd nhu dan lat, ddt vai
thi cac cdng doan tir trdng, thu hoach ddn sa che nguygn lieu phai tdn klia nhigu cdng siic;
hon nira dien tich trdng cac loai cay nay trong quy dat ciia mdi hd gia dinh ciing khdng cdn
niia. Viee dam bao nguygn lieu dau vao nham md rdng quy md san xuat, hudng tdi thi
trudng rdng Idn dang la mdt thach thiic ddi vdi mgt sd nghd, lang nghe thii cdng cd tidm
nang phat tridn. Vi vay cdn co chinh saeh ho trg md rgng dien tich viing trdng nguydn lieu

tap trung, dam bao dugc ngudn nguydn lieu tai chd dd phuc vu san xuat, trong dd phai chii y
theo hudng chuyen mdn hda san xuat, gan vdi quy hoach phat trien cac ca sd san xuat va
dam bao hieu qua ben viing. Vide xay dung cac viing nguydn Hdu tap trung (tre, tnic, bdng,
lanh...) ngoai muc dich eung cap ngudn nguydn lieu dn dinh cdn gop phan bao vd mdi trudng
sinh thai, tang do che phii va kha nang phdng hd ciia rimg, chdng xdi Id dat tai cac viing dau
ngudn, ven sdng, ven suoi.
- Tiep tuc ndng cao chdt luang nguon nhdn luc: Dd dam bao ngudn nhan luc lau dai
cho cac nghe va lang nghe, bgn canh tigp tuc lam hd sa de nghi cac cap cdng nhan danh
hieu "Nghe nhan uu tii"; day manh cdng tac cdng nhan danh hieu "nghe nhan dan gian"
cho nhiing ngudi gidi nghg, ddng thdi can dam bao chg do dai ngd thda dang eiing nhu
tang kinh phi hoat ddng cho cac Hdi nghd nhan dan gian cac edp, nhat la edp xa. Xa hgi
hda ngudn kinh phi dd tang miic thii lao chi tra cho eac nghe nhan thuc hidn nhiem vu trao
truydn cho thg he sau nhu mdt sd dia phuang dang tridn khai la each lam cdn dugc tham
khao. De giam ap luc ve thdi gian hge d trudng, nen tim each nghign eiiu bd tri cac gid hgc
van hda truydn thdng bao gdm nghd thii cdng trong gid chinh khda, cd thd ldng ghep trong mdt
so mdn hge theo chuang trinh cua Bd Giao due & Dao tao nhu mdn Thu cdng, Ky thuat (edp
Tieu hgc) hay mdn Cdng nghe (edp Trung hgc ea sd),... Phat trign ngudn nhan luc chinh la
chia khda dd phat tridn lang nghe, day la mdt trong 3 nguydn tde ca ban cua OVOP toan cdu,
the nhung d cac didm nghign ciai, sd lugng va chdt lugng cua nhirng ngudi thg thu edng,
nhimg ngudi cd tam huyet vdi nghg dang giam ddn theo thdi gian. Vi thg, xay dung ngi dung
dao tao nghg cu thg va phii hgp cho cae nghd, lang nghd cd tidm nang phat trign la vide lam
can tinh dgn. Trong dd can cd ca chg bigu duong, thudng tign cho nhirng nghd nhan tam huyet,
cho nhiing hgc vidn gidi trong Idp kd thira; xay dung nhimg khda tham quan, hgc tap, trao ddi
kinh nghiem dd nang cao tay nghe cho nhung nghd nhan, nhirng ngudi thg gidi nghg nhung
cdn dam bao vd mat thdi gian ciing nhu kinh phi de co hieu qua hon, nhdt la ngudi dan cd thd


Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc sd'S - 2019
ap dung ky thuat mdi cho san phdm cua hg thi khdng thd khdng tinh dgn vide hd trg ddu tu
thigt hi san xuat, tim kiem dau ra cho san phdm.

- Tiep tuc ho trg xuc tien thuang mgi vd lien ket sdn xudt theo chudi gid tri: Ddy manh
hon niia vide hd trg cac ca sd san xuat lang nghg vd xay dung thuong hieu, nhan mac truy
xuat ngudn gdc gan vdi quang ba, gidi thidu, tim kidm md rgng thi trudng tidu thu san phdm
a tai dia phuong ciing nhu trong va ngoai nude; tao ca chd thuan Igi dd cac doanh nghiep
vao dau tu;... Su bimg nd ciia thuang mai dien tir, phat tridn thg gidi mang va nhiing thigt bi
hd trg da khign cho thi trudng cac san pham lang nghd md rdng ban rdt nhidu. Khach hang
CO the tim kigm san pham cac lang nghe qua internet, cac lang nghg ciing dd dang ndm bit
nhu cau cua khach hang dua tren ngn tang phan tich du lieu ky thuat s6,... Ci Ha Giang, vide
gidi thieu, quang ba nghd, lang nghe thii cdng da dugc trien khai nhung mdi ehi qua mgt sd
website cua tinh, huyen va cac cdng ty du lich. Vi vay, can hd trg cac lang va ngudi dan tu
xay dung website ridng cua nghd, lang nghd. Day se la mdt giai phap ho trg manh me cac
boat ddng quang ba, tigp thi ddi vdi nhung san pham thu cdng va phat trign du lich van hda
lang nghe. Qua cae trang mang nay, nhiing thdng tin quan trgng se dugc gidi thieu nhu chi
dan dia ly, nguydn Hdu, quy trinh san xuat, nhiing nghe nhan gidi, cae san pham dgc dao...,
tit do cac san pham lang nghe cd thd tham nhap vao chudi cung iing qua hoat dgng thuang
mai dien tic. Lidn kgt vdi doanh nghigp se giiip ngudi thg thu edng cd duge nhiing thdng tin
ve nhu cau thi trudng, cd kg hoach san xuat hieu qua, san pham dugc tigu thu dn dinh. Rat
can chinh sach khuydn khich tdt hon nira ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep; ddng thdi tang cudng
truyen thdng de nang cao nhan thiic cua ngudi dan d cae co sd san xuat vd y nghia, tam quan
trpng khi tham gia lidn kdt san xudt theo chudi gia tri. Bdn canh eo chg khuyen khich su sang
tao cua cae nghe nhan va ddu tu cua cac doanh nghigp, nhung san pham hudng tdi thi trudng
nude ngoai cdn e6 su vao euge eiia cac nha khoa hgc, nha thigt kg dg cai tidn mau ma, ky
thuat, thigt bi san xudt tang nang sudt, giam ehi phi ddu vao nhung van dam bao tinh doe
dao, thdi trang eiia san pham.

- Phdt huy han nU-a vai tro cua nghi, ldng nghe trong phdt trien du lich: Quy hoach eac
nghe, lang nghd cd tigm nang phuc vu du lich va cdn bao dam cac quy hoach nay dugc djnh
hudng kdt ndi, tao chudi thich hgp theo hudng kdt hgp vdi du lich lang nghd, du lich van
hoa, du lich cdng ddng. Thay vi hd trg lai sudt tidn vay (theo Nghi quydt 35/2016/NQHDND), cdn uu tidn ban ca chd hd trg dao tao ngudn nhan lire, cai tidn cdng nghd, quang ba
san phdm ddi vdi eac co sd san xudt san phdm thu cong truyen thdng phuc vu du lich. Cu thd

la ho trg cac nghg, lang nghd cai thien chdt lugng, mdu ma (tien dung, thdi trang) dg trung
bay va ban tai eac lang nghd, cac hdi chg, eac khu du ljch trdn dia ban trong va ngoai; hudng
dan cdng ddng xay dung quy chg mac trang phue truydn thdng khi tigp khach, td chuc trinh
dign quy trinh san xudt cac san phdm thu cdng mdt each chuyen nghigp khdng ehi d md hinh
du lich lang nghd ma con d md hinh LVHDLCD; ddng thdi quan tam hon tdi vide sii dung.


Tgp chiDdn tdc hoc sd_5j^2019_

62

boat ddng gidi thieu va trung bay cac san pham thii cdng truyen thong tai eac Nha van hoa
cdng ddng va cac homestay nham tao ra nhiing hieu iing tich cue trong viec trai nghiem cac
gia tri van hda ciing nhu quang ba san pham va ban san pham.
- Ndng cao y thuc bdo ton cita chit the vdn hoa vd nhicng ngu&i ldm cong tdc vdn hoa:
Mdt yeu td rat quan trgng la y thiic ngudi dan, chii thd sang tao va sir dung eac san pham do
minh lam ra. Do vay, can lam tdt cdng tac tuydn truydn, nang cao nhan thiic dd ddng bao
hieu, tran trgng va tir hao vg gia tri cac di san van hda dan tdc bao gdm cac san pham va cac
nghg truygn thdng, tir do ed y thiie giii gin, tdn vinh va chii dgng bao tdn. Vai trd ciia nhung
ngudi lam cdng tac van hda cung hdt siic can thidt, tir do dat ra van dg nang cao vd trinh do,
nang luc, vd "tam" va "tam" ciia nhung ngudi quan ly, lam chuygn mdn dg dap iing dugc
nhu eau ciia cdng cugc bao tdn, phat huy cac di san van hda dan tde.
Ket luan
Thdi gian qua, cac nghd va lang nghd thu edng truydn thdng d Ha Giang da tan dung
dugc nhiing ngudn lue eiia dja phuang, phat huy siic manh cdng ddng, gdp phan chuyen dich
CO eau kinh tg, nang cao thu nhap, bao vd mdi trudng sinh thai, bao tdn nhirng gia tri truydn
thdng tdt dep va cd vai trd nhat dinh trong cdng cugc phat tridn ndng nghigp, ndng thdn.
Nhung kdt qua nay da ghi nhan su quydt tam eua chinh quydn va ngudi dan d dia ban mgt tinh
mign niii vdn con nhidu khd khan, trd ngai trong phat tridn kinh tg - xa hdi. Ben canh nhung
ddu hieu khdi sac, cae nghd va lang nghd thu edng d Ha Giang vln dang tdn tai klidng it thach

thiic. Theo kdt qua kliao sat ciing nhu danh gia ciia ehinh quydn cac edp, nhung thach thiic co
ban hien nay la ngudn luc dau tu cdn han che; nguydn lieu tai ehd phue vu cho san xudt ciia
lang nghg ehua dap ling duge nhu cdu; thj trudng tidu thu san phdm ban chd va chua dn dinh;
san pham thu cdng dap img dugc nhu cau su dung va thi hidu ciia ngudi tidu diing cGng nhu
phuc vu eho phat Uign du lich con ngheo nan; lugng khaeh tham quan dang tang ddn theo timg
nam, song cac tour du lich lang nghg vdn chua dugc khai thac hieu qua; nhimg san phdm lang
nghg truygn thdng cd thd diing lam qua luu niem phuc vu eho du ljch con khan hidm, du khach
cdn it cd co hgi dd tidp can, tim hidu va trai nghiem vdi eae san phdm du lich lang nghg,... Vi
vay, tigp tuc day manh phat trign nghg va lang nghd gdn vdi phat tridn du lich, huy ddng cac
ngudn lire hd trg, tang cudng ddi mdi edng nghe, xuc tign thucmg mai, ddu Ur viing nguygn
lieu tap trung, ddi mdi dao tao ddi ngu ke thira... la nhiing giai phap cdn dugc uu tidn trong Dg
an hoac Du an vg: "Phat trign bdn vung tdng thd cac nghd va lang nghd thii cdng truygn thdng
gdp phdn phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2021-2030 va tdm nhin ddn nam
2045" trong thdi gian tdi. Cdn luu y rdng, viec uu tien, tap trung cho giai phap nao trude mdt
lai phu thugc vao quy md, miic do, tidm nang phat trign cua mdi nghd va lang nghe nhdt la
phai nam trong tdng the quy hoaeh phat trign kinh tg - xa hgi ciia dia phuang.


Tgp chiDdn tdc hgc sd5 - 2019

53
Tai lieu tham khao

1. Hdi ddng nhan dan tinh Ha Giang (2016), Nghi quyit so 35/2016/NQ-HDND vl
Quy djnh mgt so chinh sdch khuyen khich phdt trien du lich trin dia bdn tinh Hd Giang, ban
hanh ngay 21/7/2016.
2. Mai Thi Hdn va cgng su (2003), Phdt triin ldng nghi truyin thing trong qud
trinh cdng nghiep hda, hiin dgi hoa, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ngi.
3. Pham Van Phit (2018), "Ha Giang: Phat triln du lich gin vdi phat triln bin vimg
cac lang nghe", tren ttang: (dang ngay 19/11/2018, truy cap ngay

26/4/2019).
4. Quy Mdi trudng toan cau (2019), Bao cao tdng kit Du an "Gdp phdn bdo tdn
nguon gen cdy thudc ngudi Dao vd cdi thien sinh ke thdng qua phdt triin dich vu tdm Id
thudc phuc vu du lich cgng ddng a xd Qudn Bg, huyen Qudn Bg, tinh Hd Giang", thugc
Chuong trinh tai trg cac dir an nhd tai Viet Nam (UNDP - GEF SGP), tai lieu luu tai HTX
cgng ddng Nam Dam.
5. Huynh Difc Thien (2015), "Chinh sach phat trien lang nghe eiia mdt sd qude gia d
Chau A va bai hge kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam", Tgp chi Phdt triin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi,
Tapl8,sdX2, tr. 119-125.
6. Tinh iiy Ha Giang (2013), Chuang trinh sd 62-CTr/TU ve Phdt trien vdn hda gdn
vdi du lich giai dogn 2013 - 2020, ban hanh ngay 29/3/2013.
7. Tinh uy Ha Giang (2016), Nghi quyit sd 02-NQ/TU vi viic dua ky ndng sdng vd
van hog truyen thdng cdc ddn tgc thieu so vdo tnidng hgc trin dia bdn tinh Hd Giang, ban
hanh ngay 6/11/2016.
8. Trin Minh Yin (2004), Ldng nghi truyin thdng trong qud trinh cdng nghiep hda hien dgi hda, Nxb. Khoa hgc xii hdi. Ha Ndi.
9. Uy ban nhan dan huyen Haang Su Phi (2016), D I an so 03/DA-UBND ve phdt
trien vdn hda gdn vdi du lich giai dogn 2016-2020, ban hanh ngay 16/6/2016.