THUC UEN PHAP LUAT

MOI LIEN HE GI^A CAC NGHI DINH
QUY DINH VE XlT LY KY LUAT CONG CHLfC
Cao Vu Minh*
*TS. Dai hpc Luat TP. Ho Chi Minh.

Thong tin bai viet:
Tir khoa: xd lthuc ky luit, cdng chiic.
Lich sir bdi viet:
Nhlinb^i
: 26/6/2020
Bien tap
: 03/7/2020
: 05/7/2020
Duy^t bii

Tom tfit:
Xii ly ky \ua,t cdng chiic chinh la viec ngudi cd thim quyen ip
dyng hau qua phip l^ bat Igi ddi vdi cong chiic vi ph^m phip
luat ma theo quy dinh phii bj xii ly ky Ii4t. Hien nay, vi?c xur ly
ky luat cdng chiic vi ph^m phap luit dugc dieu chinh trong nhieu
nghi dinh Idiic nhau va cd sy tliieu thdng nhat trong thye tiln ip
dyng phip li4t. Trong ph^im vi bii vilt nay, tic gia phan dch moi
lien h$ giua cac nghi dinh ve xii ly ky luat cdng chiic, cbl ra
nhiing diem tuong ddng, khac bipt va ddng thdi de xuat hudng
hoin thien.
Abstract:

Article Infomadon:

Key words: Civil servants, disciplinary
form, civil servant.
Article History.
Received
26 Jun. 2020
Edited
03 Jul. 2020
Approved
05 Jul. 2020

Disciplinmg a civil servant is die competent person's ^jplication
of adverse legal consequences to a civil servant who violates the
law and must be disciplined according to applicable regulations,
Currently, the disciplming a civil servant who violates the law is
governed by various specialized decrees, leading to
inconsistencies in law practice. This article provides analysis of
the relationship between the decrees on disciplining civil
servants, points out the similarities and differences, and proposes
some solutions to improve the law.

1. Quy dinh ve xur ly ky lu^t cdng chuc
trong cac nghi dinh cua Chinh phu
Sau khi Luilt Cdn bp, cdng chiic nam
2008 (Luat Cdn bp, cdng chiic) cd hieu lye,
Chinh phii ban hdnh Nghi dinh s6
34/2011/ND-CP quy dinh vk xii ly ky luat
(XLKL) cong chiie (Nghi dinh s6 34). Ngodi
Nghi diiili sd 34, vi$c XLKL cdng chiic hien
nay cdn dupe quy dinh trong 03 nghi dinh
khdc la: Nghi dinh so 71/2016/ND-CP ngay

01/7/2016 vl thdi han, thii tyc thi hdnh an
hdnh chinh vd xu ly trach nhi^m ddi vdi
ngudi khdng thi hanh ban an, quydt dinh ciia
Tda dn (Nghi dinh sd 71); Nghi dinh sd
59/2019/ND-CP ngay 01/7/2019 quy dinh
9 0 iNOHltN CUU
J
* " ' I A P PHAP_VS613(413)-T7/2020

chi tiet mpt sd dieu vd bien phdp thi hanh
Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung (Nghj dinh
sd 59) vaNghi dinh sd 19/2020/ND-CPngdy
12/02/2020 vd Icidm tra, XLKL trong thi
hanh phdp luat ve xii ly vi phgm hanh chinh
(Nghi dinh sd 19).
Luat Can bp, cdng chiic chi bao hdm 06
dieu quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic gom:
Mign trdch nhi?ra ddi vdi cdng chiic (Dieu
77); Cac hinh thiic ky luat ddi vdi cdng chiic
(DiSu 79); Thdi hi?u, thdi han XLKL cong
chiie (Didu 80); T ^ dinh chi cdng tdc doi
vdi cdng chiic (Didu 81); Hau qud phdp ly
ma cong chiic bi ky lu^t phai gdnh chiu (Difiu
82); Qudn ly ho so ky luat cdng chiic (Dieu


i n u \ ^ iiDiN r n / A r i_um

83). Vdi tinh chat la van bdn hudng dan thi
hanh Luat Cdn bp, cdng chiic nam 2008,

Nghi dinh sd 34 da quy dinh chi tik nhiing
van de: hinh thiic ky lugt dp dung ddi vdi cdc
vi pham cy thi (tii Dieu 9 d6n DiSu 14);
nguy6n tac XLKL (Didu 2); cdc trudng hpp
chua xem xet XLKL ^ i e u 4); Tham quyen
XLKL (DiSu 15); Hpi ddng ky luat (Dilu
17); Thu tuc XLKL cdng chuc ^idu 16,18,
19,20, 21); Cdc quy dinh lien quan den vi?c
thi hdnh quyet dinh ky lu^t (Dieu 23). Nhu
vgy, Nghi dinh sd 34 la van ban quy djnh cu
thi, day dii va rd rang nhat ve tham quyen
XLKL, nguyen tdc XLKL; trinh ty, thii tuc
XLKL; cdc trudng hpp chua xem xet XLKL
vd hinh thiic XLKL ddi vdi cdng chiic.
Nghi dinh sd 71 bao hdm 07 dieu quy
dinh vd XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong thi
hdnh dn hdnh chinh. Trong dd, 06 dilu tir
DiSu 21 - 26 quy dinh vl cdc vi pham cy the
bi dp dung hinh thiic ky luat tii khiSn trdch
din bupc thdi vi?c; Dilu 20 Nghi dinh quy
dinh chung vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pham
trong thi hdnh dn hanh chinh. Ddng luu y la
khoan 2 Dilu 20 Nghi dinh sd 71 quy dinh
vl "Nguyen tdc, thdm quyin. trinh t{r. thu
tuc vd cdc noi dung khdc co lien quan din
viec XLKL cong chirc vipham trong thi hdnh
dn hdnh chinh chua du^c quy dinh t^i Nghi
dinh ndy du^c thuc hi$n theo quy djnh cua
phdp ludt viXLKL ddi vai cong chuc ". Nhu
vay, Nghi dinh sd 71 khong dieu chinh vdn

dl nguyen tdc, thdm quyin, trinh ty, thii tyc
vd cac n0i dung khdc cd lien quan den vi?c
XLKL cdng chiic. Nhung vdn dl nay dupe
vi^n dan sang Nghi djnh sd 34.

Nghi dinh sd 59 cd 10 dieu ludt quy dinh
ve XLKL cdng chiic vi pham phap ludt ve
phdng, chdng tham nhiing. Trong sd 10 dieu
ndy, 8 dieu quy dinh ve cdc vi phgm cu the
bi ap dung cac hinh thiic ky luat tuong ling.
Nghi dinh sd 59 chia ddi tupng hi XLKL
thanh hai nhdm: (i) ngudi diing dau co quan,
td chuc, don vi neu de xdy ra vu, vi?c tham
nhung trong co quan, td chiic, don vi do
minh quan ly, phy trach; (ii) cdng ehiie cd
hanh vi khdc vi phgm phap ludt vS phdng,
chdng tham nhiing; edn lai 02 dieu quy dinh
vl tham quyen, thii tyc XLKL. Nhu vay,
Nghi dinh sd 59 ciing khdng dieu chinh thdm
quyin, thii tuc XLKL ddi vdi cdng chiic vi
pham quy dinh ve phdng, chdng tham
nhung. Thdm quyen, thii tuc XLKL doi vdi
cdng chiic vi pham quy dinh ve phdng,
chdng tham nhiing dupe thye hi?n theo quy
dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 34,
Tuong tu, Nghi dinh sd 19 ed 08 dilu
ludt quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pb^m
trong thi hdnh phap ludt vl xu ly vi pham
hdnh chmh (VPHC). Trong dd, 06 dilu lu^t
tir Dilu 24 - 29 quy dinh cdc vi phgm ey thi

bi dp dyng hinh thiic ky ludt tir khien trdch
din bupc thdi viec; Dieu 22 quy dinh cac
hdnh vi vi pham (HWP) trong thi hdnh
phap luat vl xii ly VPHC va Dilu 23 quy
dinh vl nguyen tdc XLKL cdng chiic.
Nguyen tdc nay cd npi hdm tuong ty vdi
khoan 4 Dilu 2 Nghi dinh sd 34'. Ngodi dilu
khoan ndy, Nghi dinh sd 19 khdng quy dinh
them cdc nguyen tac XLKL khdc. Cac
nguyen tac khdc lien quan den XLKL dupe
vi?n ddn sang Nghi dinh sd 34^.

1 Khoin 4 Dieu 2 Nghj dinh so 34/2011/ND-CP quy dinh: "Thii dp tilp thu, sua chua va chu d^ng khic phyc
h^u qui cua cdng chiic cd hinh vi vi ph^m phip lu$t la ylu td xem xet tang n§ng ho^c giim nh? khi ap dyng
hinh thiic ky luat".
,
.
^
2 Khoan 2 Dieu 23 Nghi dinh so 19/2020/ND-CP quy dinh; "Nguyen tac, tham quyen, trinh ty, thu tyc vi cac
noi dung khac cd Uen quan din vipe xii ly ky luat cdng chiic cd hinh vi vi phjim trong thi^hanh phap lu?t ve
xii ly vi p h ^ hinh chinh dugc tiiyc hi?n dieo quy dinh ciia phip lugt ve xii ly ky lu^t doi vdi cdng chdc".
,
S6l3(413)-T7/2020^

NGHllN COU I f i n


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
2. Moi lien he giira cac nghi dinh quy dinh
sd 59 chi dilu chinh vdn dl XLKL cdng chiic

ve sir ly 1^ luat cong chuc
vi pham phdp luat vl phdng, chdng tham
nhiing; Nghi dinh sd 19 chi dilu chinh van de
Hien nay, tren diln ddn khoa hpc cd cdc
quan dilm Ididc nhau ve mdi lien he giiia cdc ky luat cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh
phdp
luat vl xii ly VPHC. Ndi each khdc, moi
nghi dinh neu tren:
Quan diim thu nhdt, ddy Id moi lien hi lien he giiia cdc quy pham ciia Nghi djnh so
34 vd Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi
giiia nghi dinh chung vd cdc nghi dinh
dinh sd 19 la mdi lien he giiia quy ph^m
chuyin ngdnh quy dinh ve vdn de XLKL
ehung vd quy pham chuyen nganh.
cong chirc.
Theo quy dinh cua Ludt Ban hdnh
Nghien cuu he thdng phap ludt cho thay,
VBQPPL nam 2015, trong he thdng phdp
cd nhirng trudng hpp hai VBQPPL ciing
luat ciia nude ta dang dp dung nguyen tac iru
dieu chinh mpt van de cu the, trong dd cd
mpt VBQPPL dilu chinh chung nhdt va mpt tien dp dyng "quy dinh cua VBQPPL ban
hdnh sau " chii khdng cho phep uu tien dp
van bdn dilu chinh chuyen sau trong ITnh
dyng "quy dinh cua VBQPPL chuyen
vyc quan ly cy the (thudng dupe gpi la van
ngdnh"^. Do do, vi?e uu tien dp dyng cac
bdn chuyen nganh). Trong trudng hpp ndy,
quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh so
thdng thudng van ban quy dinh chuyen sau

59, Nghi dinh sd 19 so vdi Nghi dinh sd 34
phu hpp vdi dilu kien qudn ly dac thu ciia
la khdng trdi vdi Luat Ban hdnh VBQPPL
tung nganh, timg Itnh vyc hon van ban quy
nam 2015. Tuy nhien, trong tuong lai, klu c6
dinh chimg. Vi the, vi?c dp dyng van bdn
mpt
nghi dinh khdc thay thi Nghi dinh sd 34
chuyen nganh khi gidi quyet cac cdng viec
cy thi cua timg ngdnh, timg Imh vyc thudng thi vi?c lya chpn dp dyng VBQPPL ndo la
dilu khdng don gidn vd tiSm dn kha nang dp
thuan lpi va mang lai hieu qua dieu chinh
dung phap Iu|it khdng thdng nhat.
cao hon^ Khoa hpc phdp ly nhieu nude tren
thi gidi ciing thua nhdn nguyen tdc: "khi co
Quan diem thu hai, ddy Id moi lien hi
su khdc nhau giiia ludt chung vd ludt chuyen giiia nghi dinh quy dinh chi tiit Lugit Cdn bo,
sau thi uu tiin dp difng luat chuyin sdu '"*.
cong chuc ve XLKL cong chirc vdi cdc nghi
dinh XLKL doi vai cong chuc trong cdc linh
Xet vl mdi tuong quan ndy, Nglu dinh
vTfC khdc nhau.
sd 34 cd thi dupe xem Id nghi dinh chung
dieu chinh vipe XLKL cdng chiic. Trong khi
Mdi lien he nay tuong ty nhu mdi lien
dd, Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi h? giiia Nghi dinh sd 81 da dupe siia ddi, bo
dinh sd 19 dupe xem Id nghi dinh chuyen
sung bdi Nghi dinh sd 97 (Nghi dinh sd 81
ngdnh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic trong
sua ddi nam 2017) vdi cdc nghi dinh xd phat

tung linh vyc quan ly cu the. Tinh chat
VPHC trong cdc linh vyc. Hien nay, phdp
chuyen nganh the hien d pham vi dieu chinh
luat vl xii phat VPHC d nude ta dupe dilu
ciia ba nglu dinh nay. Theo dd, Nghi dinh sd chinh trong Luat Xii ly VPHC nam 2012,
71 chi dieu chinh van de ky luat cdng chiic vi Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 vd 56
pham trong thi hdnh an hdnh chinh; Nghi dinh nghi dinh quy dinh ve xii ph^t VPHC trong
3 Bui Thi Dao, "Nhiing van de mang tinh nguyen t3c trong Lu$t Ban hanh van ban quy ph^mi phip lu^t", T ^
chi Nghien ciiu l^p phip, sd 08, nam 2011.
4 Thii Th} Tuyet Dung, "Cac nguyen tic giai quylt xung dot trong cac van ban quy pham phap iu^t", T^p chi
Khoa hgc phap \y, sd 05, nam 2011.
5 £>ieu 156 Lu^t Ban hinh van ban quy ph^m phap luat nam 2015.
I NGHltN CUU

LAPPHAP_ 'S6l3(413)-T7/2020


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
edc ITnh vuc^ Tuong ty, phdp lugt vl XLKL
cdng chirc dupe dilu chinh trong Luat Cdn
bd, cdng chuc, Nghi dinh so 34 vd 03 nghi
dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pham
trong thi hanh an hanh chinh; vi pham phap
ludt vl phdng, chdng tham nhung; vi pham
trong thi hdnh phap luat vl xii 1^ VPHC. Tuy
nhi6n, Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 chi
quy dinh chi tilt nhiing vdn dl ehung trong
Luat Xu ly VPHC nam 2012 chii khdng quy
dinh H W P ndo bi xu phat VPHC. Ndi cdch
khdc, Nghi dinh s6 81 siia ddi nam 2017

khdng quy dinh vl HWP, hinh thiic xu phat
vd biSn phdp khdc phyc h$u qua dp dyng ddi
vdi tiing vi pham cy the. Nhiing vdn dl nay,
Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 "nhudng
lai" cho edc nghi dinh quy dinh vl xir phat
VPHC trong cdc ITnh vyc cy the. Tren co sd
dd, Chinh phu da ban hanh 56 nghi dinh xu
phgt VPHC trong cdc ITnh vyc quy dinh
khoang 300.000 H W P bi xii phat VPHCl
Trong khi dd, Nghi dinh sd 34 lai quy dinh
cy the ve hanh vi vi pham hi dp dyng hinh
thuc ky luat. Tnrdc khi Chinh phu ban hdnh
03 nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic
vi phgm trong thi hanh dn hanh chinh; vi
phgm phdp luat ve phdng, chdng tham
nhiing; vi pham trong thi hdnh phdp ludt ve
xii ly VPHC thi Nghi dinh sd 34 vdn dupe
xem la "kim chi nam" dl vipn ddn nham
XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong mpi ITnh
vyc. Khi cdc Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd
59, Nghi dinh sd 19 dupe ban hdnh va cd
hipu lye thi vipe XLKL cdng chiic vi pham
trong thi hdnh an hanh chinh; vi pham phdp
luat vl phdng, chdng tham nhiing; vi pham

trong thi hdnh phdp lu§t ve xir ly VPHC mdi
dupe thye hien theo cdc nghi dinh nay. Nhu
vay, viec XLKL cdng chiic vi pham phdp
luat trong nhung ITnh vuc cdn lai van can cii
vdo Nghi dinh sd 34. Do dd, quan dilm cho

ring mdi lien he giiia Nghi dinh sd 34 vdi
Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi dinh
sd 19 ciing gidng nhu mdi lien he Nghi dinh
sd Nghi dinh sd 81 sua ddi nam 2017 vdi 56
nghi dinh xu phat VPHC trong edc ITnh vyc
Cling cd diem khdng hpp ly.
3. NhSn xet ve xu ly ky ludt cdng chirc
trong cac nghi dinh cua Chinh phu
Thir nhdt, khac vdi truyen thdng phap ly
truoc ddy, viec XLKL cdng chiic khdng chi
dupe dieu chinh trong mpt nghi dinh chung
md cdn dupe dieu chinh them trong 03 nghi
dinh rieng. Trude nam 1998, d nude ta chua
cd mpt vdn ban luat hay mpt van bdn mang
tinh chat lu$t nao dieu chinh ve vdn dl
XLKL cdng chiic. Trong giai doan nay, vi$e
XLKL cdng ehiie dupe dieu ehinh trong cdc
sac lenh hay edc nghi dinh^. Tuy nhien, cho
dii nhu the ndo thi trong mdi giai doan nhdt
dinh, d nude ta ciing ehi tdn tJii mpt
VBQPPL dilu ehinh vdn dl XLKL cdng
chiic. Ndm 1998, Uy ban thudng vu Qudc
hdi ban hdnh Phdp lenh Can bd, cdng chiic
ndm 1998. Tren eo sd Phdp lenh nay, Chinh
phii da ban hdnh mpt nghi dinh duy nhdt dieu
chinh XLKL cdng chiic - Nghi dinh sd
97/ND-CP. Khi Phdp l^nh Can bp, cdng
chiic nam 1998 da dupe sita ddi, bd sung vdo
edc ndm 2000,2003, Chinh phii ciing chi ban
hdnh mdt nghi dinh dieu chinh XLKL cdng

chiic - Nghi dinh sd 35/2005/ND-CP.

Cao Vu Mmh, "Hointiii?nDy thio Luit siia ddi, bd sung mgt sd dieu cua Li4t Xii ly vi ph^m hinh chinh",
T^ip chi Nghien ciiu lap phip so 09, nam 2020.
Cao Vu Minh - Nguyin Nhat Khanh, Cac hinh Uiiic xu phat vi ph^m hanh chinh, Nxb. Thanh nien, nam
2020, tr.231.
S4c l?nh so 76/SL ngiy 20/05/1950 ban hinh Quy chg cong chuc Vi?t Nam cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh;
Nghi djnh sd 195-CP ngay 31/12/1964 vl Dilu 1? ky luat lao dgng trong cac xi nghi?p, co quan nha nude;
Nghi dinh sd 217-CP ngay 8/6/1979 ve ch^ dg trich nhiem, che dg ky luat, chg dg bao ve cua cdng vi chi
dp phyc vy nhan dan cua can bg, nhan vien va co quan nhi nude.
.
S6l3(413)-T7/202o\

NGHltN CVU I LH
L A P PHAP
^*


THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
Ndm 2008, Qudc hdi ban hanh Luat Can
bp, cdng chiic de thay the Phdp lenh Cdn bp,
cdng chiic nam 1998 thi Chinh phii ciing chi
ban hanh mpt nghi dinh de quy dinh ve
XLKL cdng chiic - Nghi dinh sd
34/2011/ND-CP. Tuy nhien, truyin thdng
phdp ly ndy bi phd vd khi Chinh phu ban
hdnh Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59 vd
Nghi dinh sd 19 dl quy dinh ve XLKL cdng
chiic trong nhijng ITnh vyc nhdt dinh.
Dudi gdc dp xa hdi, tru]^en thdng do con

ngudi tgo ra thi cung cd the bi thay ddi bdi
con ngudi. Vdi ta duy dd, truyen thdng phdp
ly do con ngudi xdy dyng nen thi ciing ehinh
eon ngudi cd the thay ddi nd. Tuy nhien, sy
thay ddi truyen thdng phdp ly trong viec
"khai sinh" ra nhieu nghi dinh ciing dieu
chinh XLKL cdng chiic chua han da h ^ ly,
d$c biet khi chua xdc dinh dupe cu the mdi
lien he giiia cdc nghi dinh ndy.
Thir hai, neu Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghj djnh
sd 59 va Nghi dinh sd 19 Id cdc nghi dinh
chuyen nganh thi cac nghi dinh nay phdi quy
dinh ro ranjg, cy the vl cdc hinh thiic ky luat
dp dyng ddi vdi cdng chuc trong timg ITnh
vyc. Tuy nhien, ndi dung quy dinh eua cdc
nghi dinh nay rat khdi quat.
Vi dy, theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd
71, cdng chdc cd H W P vl thi hanh an hdnh
chinh nhu "cham thi hdnh dn; chdp hdnh
nhung khong dung npi dung bdn dn, quyet
dinh cua Toa dn trong thdi han tu nguyin;
lai dung chirc vu. quyin han cdn tra viec thi
hdnh dn " se bi khien trdch (khoan 1, 2, 3
Dieu 21). Tuy nhien, cung hdnh vi nay md
bi xdc dinh Id "gdy hdu qud nghiim trong"
thi Igi bi hg bac luong (khodn I Dilu 23).
Hdnh vi eiia ngudi diing ddu co quan, td
chiic md "thieu trdch nhi^m trong vi^c chi
dao, kiim tra. don doc thi hdnh dn hdnh
chinh de xdy ra h$u qud nghiem trong" se

bi khien trdch (khodn 6 Dieu 21). Neu vi
pham ndy dupe xdc dinh la "di xdy ra hgu
qud rdt nghiim trong" thi se bi ednh edo

(khoan 5 Dilu 22), cdn nlu dupe xdc dinh Id
"di xdy ra hqu qud dac biet nghiim trpng"
thi se bi gidng chiic (khodn 2 Dilu 24).
Tuong ty, theo quy dinh ciia Nghi dinh
sd 59, cdng chiic Idii thye hipn cdng vy,
nhiem vu nlu bilt hoac budc phdi biet vl
tinh hudng xung dpt lpi ich cua minh ma
khdng bdo cao thi bi xu ly bang hinh thiic
khien trdch neu cd H W P Idn ddu (diem a
khodn 1 Dieu 84), nfiu "gdy hdu qud nghiem
trong" se bi cdnh cdo (diem b khodn 1 Dieu
84). Ngudi cd thdm quyen "niu biit hoac
buoc phdi biit co xung dot lai ich md khong
dp dung cdc biinj>hdp kiem sodt xung dot
loi ich " thi bi khien trach neu cd H W P lan
dau (diem a khodn 2 Dieu 84), neu "g^ hdu
qud nghiim trpng" se lai bi cdnh cdo (diem
b khodn 2 Dieu 84). Van de ddng quan tdm
la ca Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59 deu
khdng quy dinh cu thd thS ndo la "gdy hg^u
qud nghiim trpng", "gdy hdu qud rat
nghiem trpng", "dexdy ra hqu qud nghiem
trong", "de xdy ra hgu qud rat nghiem
trpng ". Dieu ndy vd hinh trung gdy ra sy khd
khan trong qud trinh XLKL cdng chiic.
Thir ba, xuat hi$n tinh trgng HWP

trong linh vyrc cu thi. le ra phdi duac dieu
chinh trong nghi dinh XLKL chuyin ngdnh
lai duac diiu chinh trong nghi dinh chung
viXLKL.
Theo quy dinh cua khodn 1 Dilu 3 Lu^t
Phdng, ehong tham nhiing nam 2018,
"Tham nhung Id hdnh vi cua nguai co chirc
vu, quyin htfn da lai dung chuc vu, quyen
hgn do vi vu lai". Nhu vay, chu the cua tham
nhiing la ngudi cd chuc vu, quyen han (bao
gdm cd cdng chiic)'. Vl mat chu quan, tham
nhung dupe thye hipn vdi Idi cd y. Myc dich
ciia hdnh vi tham nhiing Id vi vy lpi. Vy lpi d
day dupe hieu Id vi?c ngudi cd chiic vy,
quyen ban da lpi dyng chiic vu, quyen hgn
nham dgt dupe loi ich vgt chdt h o ^ lpi ich
phi vat chdt khdng chinh ddng"*. Nhu vgy, khi
XLKL cdng chiic thye hipn hdnh vi tham

9 Khoin 2 Dieu 3 Lu$t Phdng, chdng tham nhung nam 2018.
* 0 I NGHltN CUU
* '

LAP

J

PHAP^S613(413)-T7/2020



THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
nhiing phdi nhdn manh din ylu td "vi vu lai". tiin, tdi sdn ciia nguai vi pham " thi Igi hi
^ Trude khi Nghi dinh sd 59 ed hieu lye,
bupc thdi viec'''. Hai hdnh vi nay cd tinh chdt
vipe XLKL cdng chiic thye hipn hanh vi
giao thoa vdi nhau vd rdt khd ed co sd phdn
tham nhiing dupe dilu chinh bang Nghj dinh
biet mdt each ro rdng, nhirag nhin chung,
sd 34. Theo quy dinh ciia Nghi dinh sd 34,
nhUng nhieu hay sdch nhiiu ciing dIu vl myc
cdng ehiic vi pham phap ludt vl phdng,
dich vy lpi. Vi vay, viec dp dung hinh thiic
XLBCL khdc nhau cho cung mdt hdnh vi Id
chdng tham nhung cd thi gdnh chiu mpt
chua hpp ly.
trong cdc hinh thiic ky ludt la khiln trdch,
cdnh cdo, ha bac luong, gidng chuc, cdch
Thu ndm, theo quy dinh ciia Ludt Cdn
chiie, bupc thdi viec. Tuy nhien, khi Nghi
bd, cdng chuc da dupe siia ddi, bd sung nam
dinh sd 59 cd hieu lye, hinh thuc ky ludt ehi
2019 (cd hieu luc tir 1/7/2020), hinh thiic ha
cdn lai la khien trach, cdnh cdo, cdch chiic,
bac luong chi dp dyng ddi vdi cdng chiic
bupc thdi viec". Nhu vay, giiia Nghi dinh sd
khdng ^iii chiic vu lanh dao, qudn ly. Nhu
vay, neu bit ky mdt nghi dinh nao mudn
34 vd Nghi dinh sd 59 khdng cd sy thdng
dupe dp dung sau ngay 01/7/2020 dIu phai
nhdt vdi nhau vl dp dung hinh thuc ky ludt

thiet ke theo hudng khdng quy dinh hinh
ddi vdi cdng chiic vi pham quy dinh ciia
thiic ky luat ha bac luong ddi vdi cdng chirc
phap ludt ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing.
giu chiic vy lanh dao, qudn ly. Tuy nhien,
Trong trudng hpp ndy, theo nguyen tdc dp
hien nay ehi cd Nghi dinh sd 19 thi hipn
dyng VBQPPL, phdi uu tien dp dung Nghi
dupe nguyen tdc nay'^. Cac nghi dinh khac
dinh sd 59'1 Tuy nhien, Nghi dinh sd 59 lai
edn
phdi dupe sira ddi cho phii hpp vox quy
ldm hep di edc hinh thiic k^ luat le ra cd thi
dinh cua Luat Can bp, cdng chiic da dupe
ap dung doi vdi cdng chiic vi phgm quy dinh
sua ddi, bd sung ndm 2019.
ciia phdp ludt vl phdng, chdng tham nhung.
4. Kien nghi
Thii tu, xudt hipn sy mdu thudn giiia
De khac phuc nhirng bdt cgp trong quy
nhung quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic trong
dinh cua phdp ludt ve XLKL cdng chiic neu
cdc nghi dinh cua Chinh phu. Vi dy, theo
tren, chiing tdi kien nghi:
quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 59, hanh vi cua
"nguoi CO chirc vu, quyin han nhung nhiiu
Thu nhdt, can ban hdnh mpt nghi dinh
trong gidi quyit cong vi^c" se hi XLKL
quy dinh chi tiet vi XLKL cong chuc duac
Ludt Cdn bp, cong chuc ndm 2008 (da duac

bang hinh thiic khien trdch". Trong khi do,
sira doi, bo sung ndm 2019) giao.
theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 19, hdnh vi
cd n^i ham phdp ly tuong ty la "lpi dying
Dieu dd cd nghia, nghi dinh mdi ndy chi
chirc vyi, quyen han de sach nhieu, doi, nhdn quy dinh nhiing van de ve XLKL nhu:

10 Khoin7Dieu3 Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung nam 2018.
11 Xem them tii Dilu 76 din Dilu 85 Nghi dinh s6 59/2019/ND-CP.
12 Khoin 3 Dilu 156 Luat Ban hinh van ban quy pham phip lu^t nam 2015 quy dinh: 'Trong trudng hgp
cic van ban quy ph^im phip luat do cimg mdt co quan ban hanh cd quy djnh khac nhau ve cung mpt van
de thi ip dyng quy djnh cua van bin quy ph^im phap luat ban hanh sau".
13 Khoan I Dilu 83 Nghi djnh sd 59/2019/ND-CP.
14 Khoin 4 Dilu 29 NgW djnh sd 19/2020/ND-CP
15 Dieu 26 Nghj dinh sd 19/2020/ND-CP quy dinh; "Hinh thuc ky lu^t h? b|ic luong ap dyng ddi vdi cdng
chiic khong gid chiic vy lanh dao, quan ly cd hinh vi sii dungtienthu dugc tutiennyp ph^t vi pham hinh
chinh, tiln ngp do cham thi hanh quylt dinh xii phattien,tienban, thanh ly tang v|t, phuongti?nvi pham
hanh chinh bi tjch tiiu vi cic khoan tiln khic thu dugc tu xii ph^t vi ph^m hanh chinh trii quy dinh cua
phip li4t ve ngin sich nhi nude".
,

NGHltN CUU I

Sd 13 (413) - T7/2020\_ L A P PHAP

M

™



THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
nguyen tac XLKL; cac trudng hpp chua xem
xet XLKL; cdc trudng hpp mien trdch nhiem
ky ludt; thdm quyen XLKL; hdi ddng ky
luat; thii tyc XLKL cdng chiic; cdc quy dinh
lien quan den viec thi hanh quyet dinh ky
ludt. Nghi dinh nay se khdng quy dinh ve cdc
hinh thiic ky ludt dp dyng ddi vdi cdc vi
pham cu the md "nhudng" lai cho cdc nghi
dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic trong cde
ITnh vyc khdc nhau.
Thir hai, cdn tap trung rd sodt de loai bo
mdu thudn, ehong cheo giiia cdc nghi dinh
quy dinh vi XLKL cong chirc trong nhirng
linh vuc khdc nhau.
Tmh trang mau thuan, chdng eh6o trong
cdc quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve XLKL cdng
chiic giua cac nghi dinh cd xudt phdt diem
tir CO quan chu tri soan thao. Tuy cdc nghi
dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic deu do
mdt ddu mdi ban hdnh la Chinh phu nhung
CO quan chii tri soan thao lai khdc nhau nen
dan den thih trang co quan chu tri soan thdo
nghi dinh ndy lai it quan tdm den nglu dinh
khdc do mpt co quan khdc chu tri soan thao.
De khdc phyc bat cap ndy, cdn tap trung rd
sodt de loai bd mau tiiuan, chdng cheo giiia
cdc nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic

KHANC NGHI GUM DOC THAM...


(Tiep iheo trang 37)

trong trudng hpp nay. Tuy nhien, ban dn sau
dd bi khdng nghi gidm ddc tham huy dn thi
viec xu ly tai sdn da thi hanh dn la dilu
khdng de dang, ma ngudi bi thiet hai nhilu
nhat van id ngudi phdi thi hdnh bdn dn, quylt
dinh da cd hipu lye phap ludt.
De khac phyc nhung bat cap n6u tren,
chung tdi cd mpt sd kien nghi sau:
Thir nhdt,TAND tdi cao, VKSND tdi
cao cdn sdm ban hanh Thdng tu thay thi
Thdng tu lien tich sd 03/2013/TTLTTANDTC-VKSNDTC ngay 15/10/2013 cua
Tda an nhan ddn tdi cao, Vipn kiem sdt nhan
ddn tdi cao hudng ddn thi hdnh mpt sd quy
dinh vl thii tyc gidm ddc tham, tdi thdm va
AAJNGHlCNClhJ
**

/

L A P PHAP_/S613(413)-T7/2020

trong nhihig ITnh vyc khdc nhau. Ngodi ra,
can phdt huy vd dl cao vai trd tham dinh dy
thdo nghi dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chirc
eua Bd Tu phdp. Cy thi, Bd Tu phdp cdn tap
trung tham dirih vl tinh hop hien, hpp phdp
va tinh thdng nhdt cua dy thdo nghi dinh quy

dinh ve XLKL cdng chuc vdi hp thdng phdp
luat. Ben cgnh do, Bd Tu phap ciing can chu
trpng thdm dinh tinh hpp ly cua dy thdo nghi
dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic thdng
qua viec huy ddng tri tup vd sy hieu bidt ciia
cdc chuyen gia, nhd khoa hpc. Cd nhu vay
thi bdo cdo thdm dinh mdi thye sy cd chdt
lupng vd gdp phan tgo ra nhung nghi dinh
quy djnh vl XLKL cdng chiic ddp ling yeu
edu vl tinh hpp phdp, hpp ly.
Tha ba, can tien hdnh rd sodt de loai bd
nhirng tieu chi dinh tinh, cdc quy dinh tiiy
nghi trong cdc H W P bi dp dyng hmh thure
ky ludt nhu: "gdy hdu qud nghiim trpng",
"gdy hdu qud rdt nghiem trpng ", "de xdy ra
hdu qud nghiim trpng ". Suy cho cung, sy ro
rdng trong cdc quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic
cung la CO sd quan trpng iihdt cho viec dp
dyng phdp ludt thdng nhat, ddng thdi bao
ddm cho viec XLKL cdng chiic khach quan,
cdng bdng, nghiem minh, diing phdp ludt •

thu tyc dde bipt xem xet lai quyet dinh cua
Hdi ddng tham phan Tda dn nhan dan tdi
caocua Bp ludt Td tung ddn sy da dupe siia
ddi, bd sung theo Ludt siia ddi, bd sung m^t
sd dieu cua Bd lugt Td tyng dan sy.
Thir hai, Hdi ddng tham phdn TAND toi
cao can sdm ban hdnh van bdn hudng dan
xdc dinh cy the vi pham ndo la vi phgm

nghiem trpng thii tye td tyng dan su; hudng
dan quy trinh xu ly don de nghi khang nghi
gidm ddc tham khdng diing thdi gian quy
dinh tgi khodn 1 Dilu 327 BLTTDS nam
2015; hudng dan thii tyc giao nhdn ho so
trong quy trinh khdng nghi gidm ddc thdm •