The concise encyclopedia of world war II 2 volumes (greenwood encyclopedias of modern world wars) ( PDFDrive ) 1344
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X
X CRAFT Royal Navy midget submarines. The first saw operational service
in September 1943, when six attacked the battleship DKM Tirpitz in a Norwegian fiord. Two succeeded in placing demolition charges against the hull of the
great ship, crippling her. Other sabotage missions were carried out after that.
X-craft were also used for pre-invasion beach reconnaissance prior to OVERLORD,
and as guide ships to the British sector beaches during the D-Day (June 6, 1944)
landings.
X FORCE A Guomindang expeditionary army was seconded to British command in northern Burma in 1942. Three of its divisions retreated into India
along with the routed British. They were then equipped and trained by British
and American instructors. Renamed “X Force,” they were used to try to open the
route of the Ledo Road.
See also Y Force.
X-GERÄT A sophisticated Luftwaffe beam navigation system. It was derived
from the prewar Lorenz and early wartime Knickebein systems, which the RAF successfully countered by July 1940. X-Gerät used four beams and a bomb-release
mechanical computer that was triggered by passing over the three cross beams.
It was deployed by a special target-marking unit of the Luftwaffe, which then
dropped flares and incendiaries to mark the target for follow-on bombers.
XI’AN INCIDENT (DECEMBER 1936) Nationalist Chinese and Manchurian
leaders grew angry that Jiang Jieshi continued to lead Guomindang forces against
