Jensens survey of the old testament adam 322
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Syria, a province of Persia. The period was
mild and uneventful, for the most part, as
far as the Jews were concerned.
( 2 ) Alexandrian Period
334-324 B.C.
Alexander the Great revolutionized the
world, showed much favor to the Jews, and
exposed
them
to
the
process
of
Hellenization. The brief period of rule came
to an end with Alexander’s sudden death. By
Jesus’ day many Hellenized Jews had
adopted the Greek ways, customs, and
speech and had been freed from an exclusive
spirit of Hebrew tradition and ancestry.
(3) Egyptian Period 324-204 B.C. This was
the post-Alexandrian reign of the world by
four Egyptian generals who were successors
to Alexander. For part of the time Judea was
allowed self-rule. Often the land was the
battleground for wars between Syria and
Egypt.
During this period the rst copies of the
Greek
Septuagint
were
distributed
(Pentateuch, 280 B.C.).
Some Bible students hold that the seventymember Sanhedrin council of New
Testament times originated around 250 B.C.
That council performed the judicial
functions of the Great Synagogue council of
Ezra’s day (450-400 B.C.).
Exercise: Refer to an exhaustive
concordance and note the various
appearances of the word council
(Greek: sunedrion, hence “Sanhedrin”)
in the gospels and Acts.
(4) Syrian Period 204-165 B.C. “Israel now
entered into the valley of the shadow of
death.”13 Uninterrupted martyrdom was the
experience of the people during most of the
period.
The major internal struggle of these years
was between Hellenistic Jews and Hasidim
Jews. The latter resisted all forms of diluting
their Hebrew heritage. The Pharisees were
successors to that group.
Many
noncanonical
writings
were
beginning to appear during this period.14
The two main kinds were: 1. apocryphal
(e.g., 1 and 2 Maccabees) — books
recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as
canonical, but rejected by Protestants; 2.
pseudepigraphal (e.g., 1 Enoch) — spurious
writings excluded from the canon by all.
It is interesting to observe that during this
period, by 180 B.C., all the books of the Old
Testament were translated into Greek by the
Alexandrian translators.
(5) Maccabean Period 165-63 B.C. This has
been called the Period of Independence.
Politically, it was a time of revolt by Jewish
leaders against Syrian forces. Religiously, it
was a time of restoring worship of the Lord
to the re-dedicated Temple.
During this period Palestine was
geographically divided into the three
familiar divisions of Judea, Samaria, and
Galilee. Also, it was during this time that the
rival religious sects (Pharisees and
Sadducees) became rival political enemies.
(6 ) Roman Period 63-4 B.C. In 63 B.C. the
Roman general Pompey brought Palestine
under Roman control. He organized the
Decapolis league of ten cities southeast of
the Sea of Galilee to balance the power of
Judea. Antipater was appointed governor of
Judea, and Herod the Great was king of
Judea by Roman senatorial grant from 37 to
4 B.C.
For the most part there was little
interference by Rome in the religious life of
Palestine. The Jews paid taxes to Rome and
