Jensens survey of the old testament adam 321
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of the resurrection of the body and future
retribution, and (b) denial of the existence
of angels and spirits.
The Pharisees were the religious leaders
of the Jews, often identi ed in the New
Testament with the scribes. They were the
most in uential leaders and were very
popular with the people. The Pharisees
taught such sound doctrines as divine
providence, immortality of the soul, and a
messianic hope. But they were rigid
legalists, and by Jesus’ day their sect had
degenerated into an empty religion. (Read
Luke 11:37-54.)
Below is a comparative summary of the
two groups.
PHARISEES AND SADDUCEES
PHARISEES
name means “the separated ones”
SADDUCEES
name may be from a word meaning the
“righteous ones”
largest and most influential sect
the aristocratic minority
extreme legalism
external legalism
little interest in politics
a major concern with politics
believed in immortality, resurrection,
spirits, and angels
regarded rabbinic tradition highly
denied these doctrines
accepted as authoritative only the written
Old Testament
Exercise: Refer to an exhaustive
concordance and compare the
frequency of the names Sadducees and
Pharisees in the New Testament.
b. Six periods of Jewish history
(international politics). The interval between
the Old and the New Testaments is a dark
period in the history of Israel. The life and
fortunes of the Jews depended on what
nation was the world power at the time.
That was so because, as Map C shows, the
land of Judea was located in the center of
the world at that time, and it was all too
easily preyed upon by the nation in power.
The interval is divided into six periods,
named according to those in power.10 See
Chart 8.
CHART 8: SIX PERIODS OF JEWISH HISTORY
BEFORE CHRIST
Locate on Map C the names shown on
Chart 8. (The name Maccabean is not a
geographical term.) Highlights of each of
the periods, because each of those
contributed to the background of the New
Testament, will be brie y described below.
Overall, the four hundred-year interval is
the story of the fall of the Persian, Greek,
and Egyptian empires, and the rise of the
Roman Empire.11
(1) Persian Period 400-334 B.C.12 Palestine
was under the rule of the high priests, who
were responsible to the governor (satrap) of
